现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解及练习

现在完成时由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。

has用于第三人称单数,have用于其他各种人称.二.现在完成时的用法:其用法主要有三种I.“已完成”用法:表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。

1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。

常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet 等不确定的时间状语连用。

Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。

（说明现在灯关上了）I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。

（说明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。

一般不用时间状语。

I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。

（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。

（说明她现在仍是老师）II.“未完成”用法。

表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。

常和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如today，this week （month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until） now等。

He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。

（现在还住在这儿）They've known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。

（现在还在往来）How long have you studied English 你学英语多久了（现在仍在学）III.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。

常与频度副词如often,always,every week,twice等连用。

I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。

He has always said so.他总是这么说.三.现在完成时的时间状语I现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。

如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。

但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a.用副词already和yet。

already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

b.用ever和never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。

如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall你曾经去过长城吗-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the pastfew years等。

例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days. 近几天他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如now,today,thismorning(month,year,term)等。

例如：-Have you met him today-No,I haven't. 今天你见过他吗我没有。

How many times have you been there this year 今年你去过那里多少次II短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。

如：come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。

但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。

现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换如：fall asleep (ill) →be asleep (ill)get to know→ know begin,(start)→ be onopen →be open buy→ haveget up→ be up die→ be deadgo out→ be out come→ be inclose→be closed arrive→be herejoin→be in, be a +名词finish( end )→be overleave, move →be away,borrow →keepgo to school→be a student catch(a co ld)→ have(a cold)begin to study→study come back→be backput on→wear 或be on如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。

The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始五分钟了。

We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。

四.几点注意事项I. have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。

如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。

II.不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。

（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.练习一.用since和for填空years years agomonth 19994 o’clock7 4 hours hour agowere children lunch timeshe left here12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last.13. I’ve known him ______ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years.16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.二.单项选择。

1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .A. knewB. have knownC. must know know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has heA. already3、Have you met Mr Li ______A. justB. ago D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .A. is writing writing written5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .changed ; well ; good changed ; better ; better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .A. was ; studyingB. will ; studyC. has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A. knowB. had knownC. have knownD. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .see seen9、—These farmers have been to the United States .—Really When _____ thereA. will they goB. did they goC. do they goD. have they gone10、—______ you ___ your homework yet—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .; do ; finished ; done ; finished; done ; have finished ; do ; finish11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in12、—Do you know him well— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made13、—How long have you ____ here—About two months .A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .A. isB. hasC. willD. was16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .gone B. went go D. has been17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been students have cleaned the classroom,A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to ChinaA. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrivedhe arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had leftC. has been awayD. had been awayfactory ____ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. openedand Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have becomemustn't_____ until he comes back.A. be awayB. leaveC. be leftmeeting _____ for a week now.A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been overGao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taught______ a teacher for 4 years .A. has beenB. has becomeC. wasD. became27. I ______ home for a week.A. have returnedB. have been backC. returned三.用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.4. “Have you ________ seen the film” “No, I have ________ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _______” “Yes, it has _________ left.”四.用适当的时态填空：’s _____________ (live) her e ever since she was ten.of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.of them ____________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ________ you _______(see) it here andthere6. _________ you _____ (find) your watch yet7. ---Are you thirsty ---No I _________just _________ (have) some orange.8. We already _________ (return) the book.9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village10. I _____________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.五、划线提问1) I have been there for two days.__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________2) My father has lived here since 2000._________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________3) He left here yesterday._________ ________ he _________ __________4) They bought a book two hours ago.__________ ___________ they __________ a book六.翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。