九年级英语第十二单元知识点总结
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Unit 12: Making a Difference
1. Vocabulary:
- Philanthropy: the desire to promote the welfare of others,
expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good
causes.
- Volunteer: a person who freely offers to take part in an
enterprise or undertake a task.
- Fundraising: the process of gathering voluntary
contributions of money or other resources, by requesting
donations from individuals, businesses, charitable foundations,
or governmental agencies.
- Charity: an organization set up to provide help and raise
money for those in need.
- Non-profit: not established for the purpose of making a
profit.
- Initiative: the power or opportunity to act or take charge
before others do.
- Campaign: a series of planned activities designed to
achieve a particular aim.
2. Grammar:
- Infinitives: "to" + base form of the verb, used as a noun,
adjective, or adverb. - Gerunds: verb forms ending in "-ing", used as nouns.
- Passive voice: the subject receives the action of the verb,
rather than performing it.
- Modals: auxiliary verbs that express ability, necessity,
possibility, permission, or prohibition.
- Connectives: words or phrases used to join words, phrases,
or clauses.
3. Language Functions:
- Expressing opinions and beliefs.
- Giving reasons and justifications.
- Supporting and opposing ideas.
- Taking part in discussions and debates.
- Asking for and giving advice.
4. Reading Skills:
- Skimming: quickly going through a text to get a general
idea of the main points.
- Scanning: rapidly searching for specific information in a
text.
- Identifying the main idea and supporting details.
- Understanding vocabulary in context. - Making inferences and drawing conclusions.
- Analyzing the author's purpose and tone.
5. Writing Skills:
- Writing a persuasive essay: using logical arguments and
evidence to convince the reader of a particular viewpoint.
- Organizing ideas effectively with clear paragraphs and
logical transitions.
- Using formal language and appropriate tone.
- Editing and revising for coherence, clarity, and
grammatical accuracy.
6. Speaking Skills:
- Initiating and sustaining conversations on familiar topics.
- Expressing opinions clearly and confidently.
- Supporting arguments with relevant examples and evidence.
- Active listening and responding appropriately to others.
- Participating in group discussions and making meaningful
contributions.
7. Cultural Awareness:
- Understanding and appreciating the importance of volunteer
work in different cultures. - Recognizing the impact of philanthropy on society.
- Learning about charitable organizations and their
activities.