九年级英语第十二单元知识点总结

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Unit 12: Making a Difference

1. Vocabulary:

- Philanthropy: the desire to promote the welfare of others,

expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good

causes.

- Volunteer: a person who freely offers to take part in an

enterprise or undertake a task.

- Fundraising: the process of gathering voluntary

contributions of money or other resources, by requesting

donations from individuals, businesses, charitable foundations,

or governmental agencies.

- Charity: an organization set up to provide help and raise

money for those in need.

- Non-profit: not established for the purpose of making a

profit.

- Initiative: the power or opportunity to act or take charge

before others do.

- Campaign: a series of planned activities designed to

achieve a particular aim.

2. Grammar:

- Infinitives: "to" + base form of the verb, used as a noun,

adjective, or adverb. - Gerunds: verb forms ending in "-ing", used as nouns.

- Passive voice: the subject receives the action of the verb,

rather than performing it.

- Modals: auxiliary verbs that express ability, necessity,

possibility, permission, or prohibition.

- Connectives: words or phrases used to join words, phrases,

or clauses.

3. Language Functions:

- Expressing opinions and beliefs.

- Giving reasons and justifications.

- Supporting and opposing ideas.

- Taking part in discussions and debates.

- Asking for and giving advice.

4. Reading Skills:

- Skimming: quickly going through a text to get a general

idea of the main points.

- Scanning: rapidly searching for specific information in a

text.

- Identifying the main idea and supporting details.

- Understanding vocabulary in context. - Making inferences and drawing conclusions.

- Analyzing the author's purpose and tone.

5. Writing Skills:

- Writing a persuasive essay: using logical arguments and

evidence to convince the reader of a particular viewpoint.

- Organizing ideas effectively with clear paragraphs and

logical transitions.

- Using formal language and appropriate tone.

- Editing and revising for coherence, clarity, and

grammatical accuracy.

6. Speaking Skills:

- Initiating and sustaining conversations on familiar topics.

- Expressing opinions clearly and confidently.

- Supporting arguments with relevant examples and evidence.

- Active listening and responding appropriately to others.

- Participating in group discussions and making meaningful

contributions.

7. Cultural Awareness:

- Understanding and appreciating the importance of volunteer

work in different cultures. - Recognizing the impact of philanthropy on society.

- Learning about charitable organizations and their

activities.