英文摘要格式
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中、英文摘要写作要求及格式1.摘要写作要求摘要的内容要包括研究的目的、方法、结果和结论。
计量单位一律换算成国际标准计量单位。
除特殊情况外,数字一律用阿拉伯数字。
中、英文摘要的内容应严格一致。
2.中文摘要中文摘要前打印毕业论文(毕业设计)的标题。
主标题一般不超过20个汉字。
如有副标题,应另起一行(副标题前加破折号),副标题(包括破折号在内)同样不得超过20个汉字。
中文主标题格式:可选用本模板中的样式所定义的“论文中文主标题”,或手动设置(黑体,三号,居中,段前1行、段后0行,单倍行距)。
中文副标题格式:可选用本模板中的样式所定义的“论文中文副标题”,或手动设置(楷体_GB2312,四号,居中,段前0.5行,段后0行,单倍行距)。
中文标题下空一行为摘要。
“摘要:”格式:首行缩进2字符,黑体,小四。
“摘要:”后紧接摘要正文。
字数在200字左右。
中文摘要正文格式:可选用本模板中的样式所定义的“中文摘要正文”,或手动设置(楷体_GB2312,小四,行距为固定值20磅)。
中文摘要正文后空一行,另起一行列出3-5个关键词。
“关键词:”格式:首行缩进2字符,黑体,小四。
“关键词:”后紧接关键词。
关键词之间用分号间隔,最后一个关键词末尾不加标点。
中文关键词格式:楷体_GB2312,小四,行距为固定值20磅。
3.英文摘要中文关键词下空两行打印毕业论文(毕业设计)的英文标题。
英文主标题首字母大写,标题中其他单词实词首字母大写,其他均为小写。
英文主标题格式:可选用本模板中的样式所定义的“论文英文主标题”,或手动设置(Times New Roman,四号,加粗,居中,段前段后均为0行,单倍行距)。
英文副标题格式:可选用本模板中的样式所定义的“论文英文副标题”,或手动设置(Times New Roman,小四,加粗,居中,段前0.5行,段后0行,单倍行距)。
英文标题下空一行为英文摘要。
“Abstract:”格式:首行缩进2字符,Times New Roman,小四,加粗。
附件3中文题目(居中)摘要:×××××(摘要内容用小四号宋体字书写,每行与冒号对齐;行距为固定值22磅)×××××关键词:×××××(关键词内容用小四号宋体字书写,每行与冒号对齐;行距为固定值22磅;关键词之间用分号相隔。
)×××××注:①格式模板中的说明(红色或蓝色字体表示),在参阅后请删除。
②中文摘要及关键词项目排版要求:中文摘要及关键词项目要求独占一页。
其中,中文大标题(课题题目)用二号黑体字居中书写,上空1.5行,下空1行;摘要两字用四号黑体字顶格书写,摘要内容用小四号宋体字书写,每行与冒号对齐,行距为固定值22磅;关键词三字用四号黑体字顶格书写,关键词内容用小四号宋体字书写,每行与冒号对齐;行距为固定值22磅。
英文题目(Times New Roman字体)Abstract:abcdefghijk(英文摘要内容用小四号Times New Roman字书写,每行与冒号对齐;行距为固定值22磅)×××××Keywords:abcdefghijk(英文关键词内容用小四号Times New Roman字书写,每行与冒号对齐;行距为固定值22磅;关键词之间用分号相隔)×××××注:①格式模板中的说明(红色或蓝色字体表示),在参阅后请删除。
②英文摘要及关键词项目排版要求:英文摘要及关键词项目要求独占一页。
其中,英文大标题(课题题目)用二号Times New Roman字居中书写,上空1.5行,下空1行;Abstract用四号Times New Roman字顶格书写,摘要内容用小四号Times New Roman字书写,每行与冒号对齐,行距为固定值22磅;Keywords用四号Times New Roman字顶格书写,关键词内容用小四号Times New Roman书写,每行与冒号对齐;行距为固定值22磅。
学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型1. Introduction (引言)- This paper aims to...- The purpose of this study is to...- The objective of this research is to...- This paper addresses the issue/problem of...2. Background (背景)- In recent years, there has been increasing interest in...- With the growing importance of...- Despite the extensive research on...- The existing literature has largely focused on...3. Methods (方法)- This study utilized a quantitative/qualitative research design.- Data was collected through surveys/interviews/observations.- The sample consisted of...- Statistical analysis was conducted using...4. Results (结果)- The findings of this study indicate that...- The results suggest that...- The analysis revealed that...- There is a significant correlation between...5. Discussion (讨论)- These results provide insights into...- The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of...- The present study contributes to the understanding of...- These findings are consistent with previous research in the field of...6. Conclusion (结论)- In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of...- Based on the findings, it can be concluded that...- This study provides valuable information for...- Further research is needed to explore...7. Limitations (限制)- Although this study has provided significant insights, it is not without limitations.- One limitation of this study is the small sample size.- Another limitation is the reliance on self-reported data.- Future research should address these limitations by...8. Implications (意义)- The findings of this study have practical implications for...- These results have important implications for policymakers/practitioners.- The implications of this study extend beyond the specific context of...- This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of...9. Future Directions (未来方向)- Future research should explore...- Further investigation is needed to determine...- Future studies could examine...- This research sets the stage for future research on...。
英文摘要和外文翻译的格式要求目录一、总体要求 (2)二、英文标题 (2)三、作者姓名 (2)四、摘要 (3)五、关键词 (3)六、正文。
(3)七、图表。
(4)八、参考文献。
(4)九、斜体。
(4)十、英国人姓名规则 (4)十一、英文大、小写字母的使用 (5)十二、英文回行的基本规则 (6)十三、段落规则 (7)十四、英文标点使用规则 (7)十五、英国英语和美国英语标点符号的差异 (19)十六、中英文标点符号的差异 (19)十七:中国学生常见标点符号错误例析 (21)一、总体要求要求英语语言较为地道、通顺、简练,语法正确,符合英语表达习惯,专业术语规范、准确。
外文页所有字体均为Times New Roman ,要在英文状态输入法下输入,注意标点符号是英文的。
请结合所给模版认真体会。
本说明未尽事项,请查阅相关规定。
二、英文标题题目应写在第一行的中间,题目左右两边的空白距离大致相等。
题目的第一个单词的第一个字母必须大写。
从第二个单词起,其中每个实义词的第一个字母大写,而冠词、介词和连词的第一个字母则一般小写。
如:A Day to RememberLet's Go in for Sports题目的另一种写法是所有单词的第一个字母全部用大写。
如:My Life As Factory WorkerA Walk Under The Rain写题目不要用括号或引号。
题目后除了问号和感叹号之外,不加其它标点符号。
1、冠词:位于标题头时,首字母大写;位于标题中时,全部字母小写;2、介词及连词:位于标题头时,首字母大写;位于标题中时,5个(含)以上字母的,首字母大写;4个(含)以下字母的,全部字母小写。
三、作者姓名居中,斜体;中国人姓名按照中国人习惯,姓前名后,姓全部字母大写,名第一个字母大写,若名为2个字,则2个字之间加短线“-”,作者姓名之间加逗号“·”最后两作者之间加“and”。
⑴XIANG Hong-qiong and FENG Zhi-xin⑵YANG Xiu-hong , WU Zong-pu and ZHANG Guo-dong⑶西方国家及其它国家人的姓名按其习慣顺序排列,如:Sophie Dupont;缩写姓名时,姓要大写,之间用句号;如:J. H. Caemmere ;M. H. Thatcher(句号后面空1字符)⑷作者姓名及其排序应与中文稿一致。
英语论文摘要怎么写,并附上范例一则,希望对大家的英语论文摘要写作有所帮助。
英语专业本科毕业论文论文摘要格式中英文摘要对应,内容要基本保持一致;中文在前,英文在后。
字数为300-500字左右。
1.中文摘要①首行居中打印论文中文标题(宋体四号加粗)②下空一行居中打印摘要二字(宋体小四号加粗),字间空一字符。
③摘要二字下空一行打印摘要内容(宋体小四号)。
④摘要内容后下空一行打印关键词三字(宋体小四号加粗),其后接着打印关键词(3-7个,宋体小四号),各关键词之间用逗号隔开,最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
2.英文摘要①首行居中打印论文英文标题(Times New Roman四号加粗)②下空一行居中打印英文单词Abstract (Times New Roman 小四号加粗)。
③下空一行打印摘要内容(Times New Roman小四,1.5倍行距,两端对齐)④摘要内容后下空一行打印Key Words ( Times New Roman 小四号加粗),其后接着打印关键词(3-7个关键词,Times New Roman小四号)。
除了专有名词外,其他单词的首字母不大写。
各关键词之间用分号隔开,最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
⑤摘要正文各自然段首行空5个字符。
Self-Knowledge of Emma(空1行)Abstract(空1行)Emma lives in a quite simple environment. When she is a little child, her mother dies and she is spoiled by her father. Having such a background, Emma is dominant, aggressive and imaginative. After she experiences the two major affairs in her life----the relationship with Harriet and her emotion towards Mr. Knightley, she realizes her own faults and acquires self-knowledge of both moral faults and emotion.After Emma fails to be a match-maker of Harriet and Mr. Knightley, she comes to know that feelings can not be imagined and that she should not force her own idea on others mind. And this is the very beginning of Emma s self-knowledge.(空1行)Key Words: Emma; characters; match-making; self-knowledge范例:A Brief Discussion on Cultural Difference between Chinese and EnglishAbstractWord is the product of society,which is the history of mankind and which is the crystallization of history and culture.It embodied a nation's social consciousness from generation to generation, history, culture, and other areas all the features of human society. The essence of which is dependent because of their different cultural background, language background and traditional factors above. chinese and english are quite different.such as mode of living,values,atandard of behavior,formality,customs. Language is is both the carrier and the product of culture, the cultural enrichment of information is an important part ofculture, Language reflects the culture of development and changes, but also a direct reflection of the cultural differences.As we all know china and english has different cultural atmosphere .china has a long history and rich culture. English in the contemporary world political, economic, cultural and other fields to play with temporary no other language can replace the role of English in a number of countries in addition to the mother tongue but also as a second language or foreign language in common use in many countries. As a symbol system, English is a kind of language, on their use, in today's world there are all sorts of English and English is in fact the name of a simple terms, we can not hope that justice Literal It is a single, homogeneous phenomenon it is all around the world and under different circumstances the use of the many variants of the English pool. However, due to geographical, historical, cultural, and social customs of different factors such as the impact of today's visit to English furniture has evolved into a wider impact on the two variants of the worldwide English, which is British English and American English. With the development of their own language, their own characteristics of the formation, and there are differences between. In American English and British English, is concernedabout the characteristics of the norms word. In this paper, the British and American English in origin and development of a simple introduction, the United Kingdom and the United States in terms of language study and to explore differences in the two English-speaking characteristics and differences, the right to express and enrich the relevant knowledge of English, improve application English ability.Key word: dependent; culture; atmosphere中西方文化差异摘要词是社会的的结晶,是人类历史和文化的结晶。
期刊论文英文摘要格式(Title)应简洁、明确,并准确反映论文的核心内容。
使用主动语态,并避免使用缩写、行话或术语。
作者信息(Author Information)在下方,列出所有作者的姓名、所属机构及联系信息。
确保所有作者都同意在论文中列出。
摘要(Abstract)摘要应提供论文的简要概述,包括研究目的、方法、结果和结论。
确保摘要不超过250字,并使用第三人称。
关键词(Keywords)在摘要下方,列出35个关键词,这些关键词应与论文内容紧密相关,并有助于读者在数据库中找到您的论文。
引言(Introduction)引言部分应简要介绍研究背景、目的和意义。
确保这部分内容与摘要相呼应,并为读者提供足够的背景信息。
方法(Methods)方法部分应详细描述您的研究方法、实验设计、数据收集和分析方法。
确保这部分内容足够详细,以便其他研究人员能够重复您的实验。
结果(Results)结果部分应报告您的实验结果,并使用图表、表格和图像等视觉元素来支持您的发现。
确保结果部分与摘要中的结果相一致。
讨论(Discussion)讨论部分应解释您的研究结果,并将其与现有文献进行比较。
确保这部分内容深入分析结果,并指出研究的局限性和未来研究方向。
结论(Conclusion)致谢(Acknowledgments)附录(Appendices)在致谢下方,提供任何额外的材料,如原始数据、代码或额外的图表。
确保附录部分与内容相一致。
期刊论文英文摘要格式(Title)是论文的“门面”,应简洁明了,直接反映论文的核心内容。
避免使用缩写、行话或术语,以便所有读者都能理解。
通常使用主动语态,这样可以更直接地传达信息。
作者信息(Author Information)在下方,列出所有作者的姓名、所属机构及联系信息。
确保所有作者都同意在论文中列出,并且按照贡献大小排序。
联系信息应包括电子邮件地址,以便读者与作者联系。
摘要(Abstract)摘要应提供论文的简要概述,包括研究目的、方法、结果和结论。
个人资料整理,仅供个人学习使用
Research Proposal和摘要的格式要求
如提交的Research Proposal为英文,需要另附200-300字的中文摘要;如提交中文的Research Proposal,则需要提交200-300词的英文摘要。
Research Proposal具体要求如下:①字数要求1000字左右(中文或英文,需与毕业论文所用语言一致);②内容要求与开题内容一致,在开题报告基础上展开;学术型研究生及全日制教育硕士用英文,翻译硕士用中文,在职研究生(含硕师计划)英汉语均可;③字体要求:汉语用宋体,英语用Tims New roman,日语字体由导师决定,均为5号字体,1.5倍行距;④Research Proposal需提交电子版1份,学院将统一组织对Research Proposal内容查重,查重不合格者(超出20%)推迟开题。
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中英文摘要写作要求及格式
中文摘要的要求和格式:
1.长度:通常要求在300-500字左右,不超过1页A4纸。
2.格式:一般包括以下几个部分:
(1)研究背景:简要介绍本研究领域的前沿问题和研究现状。
(2)研究目的和方法:明确本研究的目的,并简要描述研究所采用的方法或途径。
(3)研究结果:概述本研究的主要结果和发现。
(4)结论:总结本研究的主要结论,并提出研究的意义和建议。
3.使用简洁明了的语句,避免使用复杂的专业术语。
4.注意逻辑结构的合理安排,使摘要内容条理清晰、易于理解。
5.语言流畅、准确,注意使用恰当的语法和标点符号。
英文摘要的要求和格式:
1.长度:通常要求在200-300字左右,不超过1页A4纸。
2.格式:一般包括以下几个部分:
(1)研究背景:简要介绍本研究领域的前沿问题和研究现状。
(2)研究目的和方法:明确本研究的目的,并简要描述研究所采用的方法或途径。
(3)研究结果:概述本研究的主要结果和发现。
(4)结论:总结本研究的主要结论,并提出研究的意义和建议。
3.使用简洁明了的语句,避免使用复杂的专业术语。
4.注意逻辑结构的合理安排,使摘要内容条理清晰、易于理解。
5.注意语法、拼写和标点符号的准确使用。
6.根据期刊或会议的要求,可能需要在摘要中提供一定的关键词。
Metabolomic Effects of Nicotine on Growth of Streptococcus Mutans
XX1, 2, XX2, XX1 and XX2
1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology,
Sichuan University China
Background
Streptococcus mutans is a major agent causing dental caries. Nicotine has well documented effects on S. mutans growth and colonization. This study attempts to investigate the effects of nicotine on the metabolites of S. mutans, especially the effects on lactate by LC-MS/MS. Methods
S. mutans UA159 was used with different nicotine concentrations (0, 1, 4 mg/ml) sucrose-induced biofilm formation assays and planktonic without nicotine. We collected about 1 g biofilm and planktonic cells in logarithmic phase. Then extract metabolites and test all the samples using LC-MS/MS and record the results. We selected some of the important metabolites in EMP pathway, pentose phosphate pathway and TCA cycle.
Results
The results show that lactate concentration of TSBS without nicotine treated is a little higher than planktonic. The lactate concentration in 1 mg/ml nicotine treated was significantly increased, up to 2 fold increase. While in 4 mg/ml nicotine treated cells, the lactate was significantly decreased, near to planktonic and TSBS without nicotine treated.
The metabolites of central carbon metabolism results shows most selected metabolites were detected, except Acetyl CoA. Ratios of metabolite amounts after different nicotine concentrations treated to metabolite amounts without nicotine treated show the changes in the metabolome profile more clearly (Figure). In the presence of 1 mg/ml nicotine concentration, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate in EMP pathway increased, while dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the EMP pathway and 6-phosphogluconate in pentose phosphate pathway (data not shown) decreased.
Figure Ratios of metabolite amounts in biofilm cells grown in different concentrations of nicotine in TSBS to the cells grown in TSBS without nicotine (the solid line means “1”, the black dots means 1 mg/ml nicotine and the
empty dots means 4 mg/ml)
Conclusions
Different concentrations of nicotine have different influences on S. mutans metabolites. We found that 1 mg/ml nicotine concentration has greatly increased the lactate production in S. mutans growth. It also confirms that LC-MS/MS is an excellent method to study the metabolites of bacteria affected by other agents.。