新视野 大学英语1 阅读教程 阅读理解答案

新视野大学英语1课后答案(46页)1. 第一题：请根据课文内容，简要描述文章的主旨大意。

答案：文章主要讲述了一个人在经历了一次人生挫折后，如何重新振作起来，努力追求自己的梦想。

通过这个故事，作者向读者传达了坚持不懈、勇往直前的信念。

2. 第二题：请列举文章中出现的三个生词，并简要解释其含义。

答案：生词一：frustration（n.）挫败感，挫折；生词二：determination（n.）决心，坚定；生词三：perseverance（n.）毅力，坚持。

3. 第三题：请根据文章内容，简要分析作者在文章中运用的修辞手法。

答案：作者在文章中运用了比喻、排比和对比等修辞手法。

例如，将人生比作一场马拉松，将挫折比作一道道难关，使读者更容易理解文章主旨。

同时，通过排比和对比，突出了主人公在困境中的坚定信念和顽强毅力。

4. 第四题：请结合文章内容，谈谈你对“人生挫折”的理解。

答案：人生挫折是每个人成长过程中不可避免的一部分。

面对挫折，我们不能气馁，要勇敢地面对，从中吸取教训，不断提升自己。

只有这样，我们才能在人生的道路上走得更远，实现自己的梦想。

5. 第五题：请仿照文章中的某个句子，用英语写一句关于人生挫折的句子。

答案：Just as a coin has two sides, life has its ups and downs. We should learn to embrace挫折 and turn them into stepping stones for success.新视野大学英语1课后答案(46页)1. 第一题：请根据课文内容，简要描述文章的主旨大意。

答案：文章通过讲述一个普通人面对挫折，最终实现自我突破的故事，传达了“逆境中成长”的主题。

主人公的经历告诉我们，无论遇到多大的困难，只要我们保持积极的态度，坚持不懈地努力，就能战胜一切困难，实现自己的目标。

2. 第二题：请列举文章中出现的三个生词，并简要解释其含义。

新视野大学英语1电子版答案阅读理解1. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A. To describe the features of mobile phones.B. To explain how mobile phones work.C. To introduce the history of mobile phones.D. To show all the new features of mobile phones.2. The word “wireless” in the passage mostly means _______.A. no charger neededB. no wires neededC. no signal neededD. no screen needed3. According to the passage, in what year did the first mobile phone become available?A. 1943B. 1973C. 1983D. 19934. What is the difference between a smartphone and a traditional mobile phone?A. Smartphones are a lot cheaper than traditional mobile phones.B. Smartphones do not have many features.C. Traditional mobile phones do not have screens.D. Smartphones have many features, such as cameras and internet access.5. What is the author’s opinion of mobile phones?A. That they are too expensiveB. That they are too complicatedC. That they are essential in today’s worldD. That they should be banned in certain places翻译1. 我们昨天在公园散步。

新视野大学英语（第一册）答案Unit 1Section A. Learning a Foreign Language《读写教程I》:Ex. II, p. 71. The kind and patient teacher and her positive method of praising all students often.2. In junior middle school, his English teacher was kind and patient. He liked to answer questions in class and he made much progress in English. But, in his senior middle school, his teacher punished those who gave wrong answers. He didn’t want to answer questions any more in class. As a result, he did not make much progress in English.3. In college and junior middle school, his English teachers were both patient and kind, but he didn’t have as many chances to answer questions in college as he did in junior middle school.4. It requires much time, commitment and discipline to keep up with the flow of the course.5. Hard work.6. He could take all the time he needed to consider his ideas and write a reply before posting it on the screen.7. Learning a foreign language taught him the value of hard work and gave him insights into another culture.8. He could communicate with many more people than before.《读写教程I》:Ex. III, p. 71. embarrass2. Discipline3. access4. positive5. commitment6. frustrate7. intimidate8. reap《读写教程I》:Ex. IV, p. 81. into2. into3. from4. with5. to6. about7. with/in8. in《读写教程I》: Ex. V, p. 81. Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a beautiful sight.2. Not wanting to meet John there, he refused to attend the party.3. Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to the cottage.4. It rained for two weeks, completely ruining our holidays.5. Staring into space, the small girl felt frustrated at what the teacher asked her.《读写教程I》:Ex. VI, p. 81. Not only does he easily accept other people’s opinions, but he is also patient.2. Not only does she sing beautifully but she also dances wonderfully.3. Not only did we lose all our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.4. Not only did we learn the technology through an online course but we also learned to communicate with friends in English.5. Not only did Smith learn the Chinese language but also bridged the gap between his culture and ours.《读写教程I》:Ex. VII, p. 91. We can reap a lot from the rewarding experience of communicating with native speakers of English.2. With the mayor’s help, we were at last allowed access to those people who suffered from the traffic accident.3. Bob and Frank didn’t get along well with each other. It was embarrassing that they were to work in the same department.4. As a boy, I used to intimidate my sister into crying by telling her that a wolf was coming.5. It is not easy to do scientific research; it requires time, energy and money as well as discipline and commitment.Section B Keys to Successful Online LearningReading Skills1. C2. B3. D4. A5.BComprehension of the Text1. C2. A3. B4. C5. D6. B7. C8.D《读写教程I》: Ex. XIV, p. 201. absolute2. unique3. commit4. facilitate5. reinforced6. sequential笃行天下7. arose《读写教程I》: Ex. XV, p. 201.to2.in3.on4.for5.on6.of7.In8.upUnit 2Section A. A Busy Weekday Morning《读写教程I》: Ex. II, p. 311.Rock music woke up her up.2.He didn’t like the music his daughter listened to; he thought it was horrible stuff.3.No, because she thought the music had a really powerful message.4.Because her mother or father would bang on the door to rush her.5.She was going to have a music class because her mother reminded her to take the instrumentwith her.6.No. Instead, she thought her mother was bugging her.7.She was serious and letting her daughter know she was speaking to her as her parent.8.They suggest that there is a gap between the two generations.《读写教程I》: Ex. III, p. 321.weekdays2.Youngsters3.annoyed4.definitely5.disgusting6.powerful7.disturb8.offensive《读写教程I》: Ex. IV, p. 321.down/off2.off3.up/on4.on6.of/about7.up8.off/out《读写教程I》: Ex. V, p. 321.Kate saw her brother Bill as she was getting off the school bus.2.As she was standing up from her seat, Mother dropped her glass.3. A policeman fired at the thief as he was bolting out of the house.4.As she ran to catch the school bus, Sandy thought of her talk with her mother.5.All the students shouted “Happy birthday” to the teacher as he entered the classroom.《读写教程I》: Ex. VI, p. 331.She listened to her favorite rock music while singing along with the words.2.She was putting on her jeans while asking me to hand her the sweater.3.He banged on the door while opening it.4.In the bathroom she put on some makeup while looking in the mirror.5.The school master looked angrily at the naughty student while talking with his parents.《读写教程I》: Ex. VII, p. 331.Mr. Finch burst into her room and shouted at her, “Can’t you turn down the music a little bit?”2.I like rock music because it usually has a strong rhythm and a powerful message.3.As usual, when his parents don’t like what he wears, they start to bug him.4.Generation gaps exist in the United States as well as in China.5.As her mother bugged Sandy much more than before, she argued with her mother a lot morethan usual, too.Section B Parent TalkReading Skills1. O2. O3. F4. F5. O6. O7. F8. F Comprehension of the Text1. B2. D3. A4. B5. C6. A7. A8. C《读写教程I》: Ex. XIV, p. 431.appeals2.concern3.permanent4.influence5.rebels6.identity7.upset8.tuneless/tuneful《读写教程I》: Ex. XV, p. 431.It makes my blood boil when I read about violence among young people.2.This kind of jeans is old-fashioned now; young people do not like to wear them any more.3.This computer often freezes. I want to get rid of it.4.Our youngsters’ way of expressing their identity is different from ours.5.In America the news is full of stories about teenagers who are in trouble with drugs.6.On her way to work, Jane was still thinking about / thought about her daughter.7.Don’t press your young daughter too hard, or she’ll drop out of high school.e and see me in my office after class, and we’ll talk over your problems.Unit 3Section A. A Good Heart to Lean on《读写教程I》: Ex. II, p. 571.He felt embarrassed to be seen with his father, because his father was severely crippled andvery short.2.His father always said:“You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you.”3.He means that it is a matter of pride for his father to have almost never missed a day and havemade it to the office even when/if others could not.4.In very bad weather his father went to work with the help of the writer and his sisters, whowould pull their father through the street on a child’s wagon with steel runners to the subway station.5.In an office building on top of a subway station in Manhattan.6.Having a “good heart” is the proper standard to judge people by, according to the writer nowhe is grown up.7.One example is: when a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going.Another example is that he liked to go to dances and parties, although he could just sit and watch.8.He now feels sorry about having been reluctant to be seen walking together with his crippledand short father.《读写教程I》:Ex. III, p. 571.inwardly2.amazed3.occasionplained5.urged6.coordinate7.reluctance8. envious《读写教程I》:Ex. IV, p. 581.in2.off/out3.on4.up5.to6.out7.to8.to《读写教程I》: Ex. V, p. 581.He borrowed my laptop computer even though I told him not to.2.It was an exciting game even though no goals were scored.3.He was treated exactly like all the workers even though he had just joined the company.4.They gave money to Project Hope even though they themselves were not rich by anystandard.5.There was never enough money to support his family even though he was hard-working anddid two jobs at the same time.《读写教程I》: Ex. VI, p. 581.Though understanding no Chinese, the American girl was able to communicate with the otherstudents in her class.2.Once having left the museum, you must buy another ticket to re-enter.3.When doing the writing exercise for this course, you should remember that you are writingaccording to specific structure.4.Until finished, the problem was a continuous worry to me.5.While working at the computer, the young man was listening to music over the radio all thetime.《读写教程I》: Ex. VII, p. 591.Now that you are planning to move to Canada, you must try to adjust to a cold weather.2.He promised to help us to buy the house, but with a little reluctance.3.This is an important meeting. Please see to it that you are not late for it.4.He is an experienced businessman; he has engaged in foreign trade for quite a few years.5.She urged me to accept the new post, although the job is not very well paid.Section B. The Right Son at the Right TimeReading Skills:1.They found the man.2.He reached the airport in time.3.The old man saw the young man (his son).4.The young man sat by the old man the whole night.5. A message came saying the real son was arriving.Comprehension of the Text1. A2. C3. B4. C5. C6. A7. B8. B《读写教程I》: Ex. XIV, p. 691.locate2.apparently3.limp4.interrupt5.sole6.collapse7.occasionally8.staffrm10.extend《读写教程I》: Ex. XV, p. 691.sole2.extend3.staff4.locatedrm6.interpret7.collapse8.occasionally《读写教程I》:Ex. XVI, p. 691.The government has called for an immediate examination of the activities of the police.2.We used medicine and in a few minutes Mrs. Johnson suddenly came to.3.My father has a huge lot of magazines to which I return now and then.4.Whatever your reason, I shall hold to my idea that people should be allowed to have privatelives.5.To our surprise the stranger turned out to be an old friend of my mother’s.6.He's not in the office; he's now on his way to London for a meeting.7.When setting out on a long walk, always wear suitable shoes.8.He was too disappointed by this lack of success to try again.Unit 4Section A. How to Make a Good Impression《读写教程I》: Ex. II, p.791.We show our true feelings through unspoken communication, i.e. through our eyes, faces,bodies and attitudes.2.We can use such good qualities as physical appearance, energy, rate of speech, pitch and toneof voice, gestures, expression through the eyes, and the ability to hold the interest of other people.3.These books advise us to stride into a room and impress others with our qualities, to greetthem with “power handshakes”, and to fix our eyes on the other person, which is often viewed as strange and sometimes offensive.4.We should never change from one situation to another, whether we are having a conversation,or addressing a garden club, or being interviewed for a job.5.He means that what they say does not match the way they look or what they do.6.The author believes that, if you agreed these are similar, you would keep your eyes on the lion,and would not look at your feet or at the ceiling.7.Look at those in the room and give a natural smile.8.He believes that it is we who can be ourselves at our best, not anyone else.《读写教程I》: Ex. III, p.791.presentation2.conscious3.depressed4.ranges5.consistent6.impressed7.reaction8.to encounter《读写教程I》: Ex. IV, p.801.are committed to2.takes; seriously3.absorbed in4.focus on5.made up his mind6.driving me crazy7.range from; to8.base; on《读写教程I》: Ex. V, p.801.It rained for two weeks on end, completely flooding the village.2.Running to catch the school bus, Sandy thought of her older brother Bill who was away atcollege.3.The bus arrived one hour late, causing me to miss the beginning of the game.4.The Marine sat there in the dimly-lit ward, holding the old man’s hand and offering words ofhope and strength.5.Realizing he was too sick to tell whether or not I was his son, I guessed he really needed me.《读写教程I》: Ex. VI, p.801.I was so excited about going away (that) I couldn’t sleep.2.The chairman became so angry with his secretary (that) he decided to fire him.3.She speaks English so well (that) you would think it was her native language.4.He was so frightened (that) he broke eye contact and looked out the window.5.His presentation was so interesting (that) everyone listened very carefully.《读写教程I》: Ex. VII, p.811.Consciously or unconsciously, people show their true feelings with their eyes, faces, bodiesand attitudes, causing a chain of reactions, ranging from comfort to fear.2.Think of your encounter with a stranger. Focus on the first seven seconds. What did you feeland think? How did you “read” this person?3.You were committed to what you were talking about and so absorbed in the moment that youlost all self-consciousness.4.Public speakers often send mixed messages, but the audience believe what they see over whatthey hear.5.If you want to make a good impression, the trick/skilled way is to be consistently you, at yourbest.Section B. Body LanguageReading Skills:1.Main Idea: People use other forms other than language for communication.2.Main Idea: We communicate with our body movements.3.Main Idea: The clothes you wear also communicate many things.4.Main Idea: Small ornaments you wear communicate many things, too.5.Main Idea: A wealth of information in body language makes snap judgments seem sound.Comprehension of the Text1. D2. C3. C4. A5. B6. B7. A8. D《读写教程I》: Ex. XIV, p. 201.status2.conviction3.function4.promoted5.assumed6.estimate7.signal8.judgment《读写教程I》: Ex. XV, p. 201.account for2.in part3.is content with4.at homeck of; lack of6.in relation to7.At first sight8.pick upUnit 5Section A. The Battle Against AIDS《读写教程I》: Ex. II, p. 1041.More than 102,000 people.2.Women and youth in rural Southern communities.3.The spread of AIDS and government inactivity in stopping it.4.To reduce the number of AIDS cases.5.The people have a low literacy level in some communities.6.They make it simple and explain the risk of catching AIDS to their peers much better thanadults.7.First, speak to your community in a way they can hear. Second, train teenagers to educatetheir peers. Last, redefine “at risk” to include women from di fferent backgrounds and marriage status.8.Everyone should take part in the war against AIDS.《读写教程I》: Ex. III, p.1041.immune to2.diagnose3.implementingbat5.define6.established7.represented8.regardless《读写教程I》: Ex. IV, p.1051.regardless of2.at risk3.passed out4.distracts…from5.sign up6.infected with7. a solution to/for8.provide…for《读写教程I》: Ex. V, p. 1051.the way he teaches English2.whom I was expecting to stay with me3.which was lost in the department store yesterday4.where I spent my childhood with Mary5.which the whole family considered a great honor《读写教程I》: Ex. VI, p. 1051.Despite his illness2.Despite a lot of difficulties3.despite his old age4.Despite the bad weather5.despite his hard work《读写教程I》: Ex. VII, p. 1061.We will do our best to help the girl infected with the AIDS virus to live longer, regardless ofthe cost.2.Please turn off the TV, because the noise will distract her from her homework.3.It was a long time before the company implemented the program to improve the quality of itsgoods because of lack of money and necessary equipment.4.When giving a lecture, Bob often prepared some pictures to illustrate how the situationmentioned in a text took place.5.An able and successful businessman is good at making use of all the resources to makemoney.Section B. The Last Dive at the OlympicsReading Skills:1. D; C2. C; C3. A; CComprehension of the Text1. D2. D3. B4. C5. C6. B7. D8. D《读写教程I》: Ex. XIV, p. 117menced2.an intense3.explored4.Initially5.adopted6.triumph7.spill8.quit《读写教程I》: Ex. XV, p. 1171.prior to2.confident in/of3.in haste4.find out5.assist...with6.for fearpete…for8.thrust …intoUnit 6Section A. The Widow《读写教程I》: Ex. II, P1301.The word “widow”.2.Because the quotation from Elizabeth Jolley exactly describes how she feels at that moment.3.She was near-sighted, and without glasses, she could not see clearly.4.We know that the couple’s colleagues and old schoolmates thought they were well-matched,so they were excited. However, the couple’s relatives and mothers were not satisfied wi th their marriage learning from the words “crying”, “offering pity” and “would have insisted they wanted only the best for their children”.5.The writer means that the husband and the wife loved each other because, whenever there wastime and opportunity, they helped each other and showed concerns for each other.6.The words “worn, fading and kept for so long”.7.No. He was still in doubt about Aunt Esther’s identity. We can base our point on the phrasein his message “whether she came from heaven or a nearby town”.8.So long as the wife and husband work hard and love each other, they will live a good life andbe happy.《读写教程I》: Ex. III, P1301.underline2.anniversary3.regarding4.curiosity5.restrain6.surrounded7.considerably8.responsibility《读写教程I》: Ex. IV, P1311.with2.as3.from4.for5.for6.from7.from8.about/of《读写教程I》: Ex. V, P1311.Whoever he is, I don’t want to see him.2.The business would be a success, whoever owned it. Or: whoever owned it, the businesswould be a success.3.Whoever has broken the window, I’ll take him to his parents.4.Whoever else objects, I won’t.5.Whoever else goes hungry, I won’t.《读写教程I》: Ex. VI, P1311.My colleagues and old schoolmates did feel happy for me when I told them I had a chance togo and study in London University.2.Bill does have some problem with his math class.3.She did go next door to help Mrs. Norton with her sick children.4.These words do convey her feelings at the moment.5.In the picture the bride and groom did feel shy before crowds of relatives and friends.《读写教程I》: Ex. VII, P1321.With the money given by his father，he could afford a house in the town nearby.(Or …. hecould afford to buy a house in the town nearby.)2.The young lady was so excited that she could not restrain herself from bringing up the subjectof marriage. Or: … that she could not help bringing up the subject of marriage.3.I’m afraid you can’t see him today because he was sent on an important mission just an hourago.4.When she was young，she used to store quotations from poems in a notebook.5.Whoever they are，they should take the responsibility for the accident/they should beresponsible for the accident.Section B. The TrashmanReading Skills:1.I2. F3. B4. A5.H6. D7. E8.G9. CComprehension of the Text1. A2. A3. A4. D5. D6. A7. D8. C《读写教程I》: Ex. XIV, P1421.boast2.is registered3.philosopher4.economist5.headed6.graduated7.Frankly8.retreat《读写教程I》: Ex. XV, P1421.They made the rounds of the shopping center.2.I like the way the blue carpet goes with the golden curtains.3.She shouldn’t have married him as she looks down on/upon him.4.At the sound of the steps, he began to tremble.5.The man sat down and called for some beer.6.Contrary to what you might think, I haven’t met him before.7.He is a kind man and always has sympathy for the poor.8.You say I’m fired? Thanks. I didn’t want to stay at the job for long.Unit 7Section A. Face to Face with Guns《读写教程I》: Ex. II, p. 1541.He looked at the street and pathway carefully to make sure nothing was unusual there.2.He managed to throw his house keys into a bush.3.Because they focus their attention on the guns rather than on their users during the encounter.4.Because he paid attention to the appearances of these two robbers on purpose.5.They might have committed a number of robberies in the area over the past few months.6. A river.7.They are bit by bit destroying the basic ideas we hold dear: our freedom to move about; thefruits of labor ; our lives and those of people we value.8.He means that some day we will have to deal with these young men and try to find out thecause of their discontent.《读写教程I》: Ex. III, p. 1541.cautious2.exception3.instinct4.enlarge5.unusual6.offend7.detail8.slight9.foundation10.additional《读写教程I》: Ex. IV, p. 1551.details2.foundation3.offended4.exception5.enlarge6.slight7.instinct8.cautious《读写教程I》: Ex. V, p. 1551.attached to2.Looking through3.hold dear4.pulling into5.face to face with6.rather than7.out of control8.eat away《读写教程I》: Ex. VI, p. 1551.They should have their pay increased.2.I had my first book accepted for publication that year.3.George had his papers taken from him at the police station.4.I had my wallet stolen on a bus.5.The couple are going to have their wedding photos enlarged at the store.《读写教程I》: Ex. VII, p. 1561.rather than to her daughter2.rather than (use) scientific Latin ones3.rather than leaving everything to the last minute4.Rather than using the last of my cash5.rather than increase pay《读写教程I》: Ex. VIII, p. 1561.The other day when I was walking along the street, I had my wallet stolen.2.When I go to work, I prefer taking a bus rather than driving and that morning was noexception.3.Some victims of armed attacks are seldom able to identify their offenders because theirattention focuses on the guns, rather than on their users.4.The two robbers’ methods suggested that they might be the same men who had committed anumber of robberies in the area over the pass few months.5.We hold dear our freedom to move about, the fruits of labor and our own lives.Section B. Should I Have a Gun?Reading Skills1.Possible answer: For self-defense.2.Possible answer: She is afraid that she might kill someone, an act much more harmful thanjust injuring.3.Possible answer: According to the following paragraphs, the writer feels uncomfortable aboutthe imagined robbery because she unfairly imagined the robber was a black man.4.Possible answer: According to common sense, a robber must be physically strong. Femalesare considered too weak for that and black men are often thought of being strong in the physical sense.5.Possible answer: A neighborhood with a bad name because of its frequent happenings ofcrime or violence or safety problems.6.Possible answer: No. Killing a human being just because of money is a shame to the writer.7.Possible answer: Locking the doors at the sight of a black man is really insulting.8.Possible answer: This means that the robber takes away the money and no violence happens toeither side.Comprehension of the Text1.C2. B3. C4. B5. C6. B7. A8. C《读写教程I》:Ex. XV, p. 1661.intention2.endanger3.violence4.dominate5.possibility6.omit7.confronted8.affected《读写教程I》:Ex. XVI, p. 1661.is… intended for2.be capable of3.At the sight of4.Pointing…at5.be immune to6.keep …from7.believe in8.die forUnit 8Section A. Birth of Bright Ideas《读写教程I》: Ex. II, p. 1781.Good ideas come from the unconscious. Psychologists use the term to describe mentalprocesses which are unknown to the individual.2.No. All of us have experienced the sudden arrival of a new idea, but it is easiest to examine itin the great creative personalities.3.He was sick and could not sleep for noise without and fever within.4.No. He had been occupied with the idea of the “Ring” for several years, and for many monthshad been struggling to make a start with the actual composing.5.The rush and roar of water had become music and the orchestral op ening to the “Rhinegold”had at last taken its shape within him.6.The unconscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual process by whichthe solution was found. A new concept may suddenly explode into consciousness.7.In the example of Henri Poincare, we see the conscious mind actually watching theunconscious at work.8.Dream plays an important role. Descartes was able to make the discovery with the help of hisdream.《读写教程I》: Ex. III, p. 1781.sources2.stable3.surged4.reasonable5.exemplifies6.intense7.flung8.enthusiasm《读写教程I》: Ex. IV, p. 1791.taken the shape2.responsible for3.depend on4.representative of5.at work6.arrive at7.Write down8.occupied with《读写教程I》: Ex. V, p. 1791.It is easiest to examine the sudden arrival of a new idea in the great creative personalities,many of whom experienced it in an intensified form.2.The Gaels’ offspring are the modern Scots and Irish, some of whom still speak the Gaeliclanguage.3.George explained that this was the official dress for taking examinations, many of which wereheld in June.4.At last the miracle happened, for which his unconscious mind had been seeking for so long.5.The conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by whichthe solution was found.《读写教程I》: Ex. VI, p. 1791.The more books a man reads, the more knowledge he will have.2.The more he thought about it, the less he liked it.3.The smaller the house is, the less you have to pay for it.4.The more dangerous it is, the more excited he feels.5.The more you talk in English, the more progress you will make.《读写教程I》: Ex. VII, p. 1801.She was filled with pity for the poor diseased baby.2.He who would search for jewels must dive below.3.I intended to go to see a film last night, but it rained.4.There was a flood of complaints about the poor service at the restaurant .5.Medical tests established that she was in good health.Section B. Ways of Increasing CreativityReading SkillsB. 1. A 2. B 3C 4. C 5. AComprehension of the Text1.A2. B3. A4. C5. C6. B7. C8. A《读写教程I》: Ex. XIV, p. 1911.reveal2.expand3.evaluate4.fertile5.productive6.impulse7.reach8.transferred《读写教程I》: Ex. XV, p. 1911.right away2.Acting upon his advice3.came John’s way4.at once5.set the motor in motion6.took up7.took advantage of8.back and forthUnit 9Section A. Looking to the 21st Century《读写教程I》: Ex. II, p. 2051.We ourselves or our actions determine our future.2.He found that he could predict the performance of tested volunteers from the strength of thebrain’s electrical activity.3.They will depend more on computers in their medical diagnosis and treatment.4.Yes. With computers, drivers know where they are, what kind of problems their car engineshave, how to get to the nearest places of repair, and at what cost to get the needed new parts.5.Through computer connections, students in the future will get worldwide resources from suchsources as museums, libraries, databases, and other science facilities all around the world .They can also get assistance from teachers and fellow students around the globe.rmation and specialists will be more important to the success of a business.7.Yes. There are two reasons for this: first, governments and businesses now realize theimportance of environmental protection; second, they are taking actions to protect the environment. For example, many European countries and the United States check automobiles for gas and smoke emissions.8.On one hand, they prescribe pills for them; on the other, they require them to focus on healthylifestyles by changing diets and using more exercise as means to keep well.《读写教程I》: Ex. III, p. 2051.performance2.policy/policies3.survive4.tension5.interactive6.career7.profit8.advertisement。

新视野英语教程UNIT1答案UNIT1A1.Fill in the blanks without referring to the original text. Then check your answers against the original. After that, read the passage aloud until you can say it from memory.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------I (1) on a farm with a huge family. There was lots of love, lots of space and lots to do. From gardening in the (2) to chasing our old goose,(3) the goats to (4) the cattle, the word "bored" never found its way (5) my vocabulary. The work for us was a(n)(6) of love.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------(1) grew up (2) greenhouse (3) feeding(4) gathering (5) into (6) labor2.Answer the following questions according to the text.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. How do you know the writer enjoyed doing the work on the farm?The writer wrote in paragraph 1 that "the word 'bored' never found its way into my vocabulary" and that "the work was a labor of love".2. What happened when the writer was at the age of 12?The writer's father suffered a serious heart attack and was diagnosed with having heart disease.3. How did the writer like the different surroundings of their new home in Arizona?She felt them, on the one hand, different and strange, and on the other, exciting and fun.4. Why did the writer move again after settling down in Arizona?Because she decided to take on her career as an actress in Los Angeles.5. What decision did the writer and her mother make after her first film achieved success?The writer's mother decided to go back to Arizona andresumed her life there.6. What did the writer mean by "a dark void"?She means that for some reason or other she began to feel unsatisfied with her life in Los Angeles and that no matter what she tried, she could not get rid of this feeling of emptiness.7. How did the writer find out the cause of her unhappiness about her life in Los Angeles?She found out the cause of her unhappiness by recalling when she was happiest and asking herself what was important to her.8. What did the writer's "perfect home" look like?It was nestled in a warm and sunny valley with pear trees in the yard.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.Fill in the blanks with the words given below, changing the form if necessary. Fill in each blank with one word only.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------missing greenhouse soul fate asleepsurroundings replace resume labor depart1. He was fast when the thief broke into his house.2. A report came to the police, saying a little girl had been for two days.3. The second half of the performance will begin in two minutes, and you are kindly asked toyour seats.4. A(n) is a glass building in which you grow plants that need to be protectedfrom bad weather.5. In recent years, the company has paid more attention to costs while keepingan eye on profit (利润).6. The girl by the counter told me that they have planes for New York everyday.7. I like this house better because it is located (坐落于) in natural .8. He had expected to spend his life in America, but decided otherwise.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------(1) asleep (2) missing (3) resume (4) greenhouse(5) labor (6) departing (7) surroundings (8) fate4.Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a suitable preposition, adverb or conjunction.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Under the wise leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, we Chinese people are marchingvictory to victory.2. She grew in comfortable surroundings; she never experienced any difficultieswhen she was young.3. luck would have it, I did not catch the plane that exploded (爆炸) shortlyafter it took off.4. He pushed his way the crowd.5. Teach a child the way he should go, and when he is old, he will not depart it.6. The airline decides to replace its small planes Boeing 747s (波音747).7. He is keen all kinds of alcohol (酒)─beer, whisky, and so forth.8. The doctor diagnosed his condition a stomach (胃) problem.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------(1) from (2) up (3) As (4) through(5) from (6) with (7) on (8) as5.A. Rewrite the following sentences after the models, using the -ing participle "being".--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Model 1:A personal manager from Los Angeles asked if I had ever thought that I would be an actress.Key:A personal manager from Los Angeles asked if I had ever thought about being an actress.Model 2:My father was not keen on the idea that he would be back in the rat race.Key:My father was not keen on the idea of being back in the rat race.1. It has been hard to adjust to the idea that I was a junior clerk.It has been hard for me to adjust to the idea of being a junior clerk.2. His illness accounted for (解释) the fact that he was not here yesterday.His illness accounted for his not being here yesterday.3. According to the passage, the writer's diving gave him a sense that he was successful.According to the passage, the writer's diving gave him a sense of being successful.B. Rewrite the following sentences after the model, using the -ing participle as the subject of the sentences.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Model:I never had any problem falling asleep.Key:Falling asleep was never a problem for me.1. I never had any difficulty passing math tests.Passing math tests was never difficult for me.2. I felt a great pleasure helping you.Helping you was a great pleasure for me.3. I experienced a great joy seeing you back home.Seeing you back home was a great joy to me.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.A. Translate the following into English.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. 你认为一个人要做些什么才能成为一个幸福的人？（to be a happy person）What do you think one can do to be a happy person?2. 自从她去年离开上海去重新过她的农村生活后，我的心里一直很失落。

新视野大学英语1第三版读写教程答案 U1Part ll key to exercisesSection APre-reading activities11B2D3C4A5E21 In fact all the pieces of advice mentioned in the interview are very useful. But if l has to choose one as the most useful, I’d choose “keep a balance". When we were in high school, we spent almost all our time studying. There lacked a balance between social life and academic life in high school. lt's important to keep a balance between life and work because it will give us a sound mind in a sound body, Now we have much more free time, so we can join student organizations or go to different activities.2 Before l left for college my parents did have a talk with me. They told me how important college experience would be in my life. They told me about the opportunities that college education would open up to me. They told me to try to develop more interests and join some student clubs The most impressive advice they gave me was that l should not only read books about my major instead, they advised me to read as widely as possible. All these are very valuable pieces of advice.Scripts:Sarah: Hi l'm Sarah. i'm a student advisor at a university. l know the first year of college is always difficult. You have to adapt to a new environment, and learn to do everything on your own. To help make your transition just a little easier, i'm going to interview some senior students on campus let's see what advice they can give you.Sarah: Hi Jennifer. What do you think is important to a freshman? Jennifer: l think it is very important to go to class regularly. it sounds easy, but oversleeping and missing that 8 o'clock morning class is very common. Try to go to class on time and regularly. You wil learn the material in class, get to know the professors, and make friends with your classmates You will also get important information from the professors about tests and exams.Sarah: Mark, do you agree with Jennifer?Mark: Absolutely. My advice is: Find a good place to study. lt may be your dorm room or a corner of the library or a quiet classroom, but find a place that works best for you to get your work done. If you have trouble concentrating in your dorm, you need to find another place.Sarah: Nancy, what is our advice for freshmen?Nancy: "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy." My advice is to get involved on campus. A big problem for a lot of new students is that they miss home and they don't have a sense of belonging. The solution is to join a student organization, or a club, or a sports team. You will make new friends, learn new skills, and feel more connected to your school Sarah: Excellent advice, Nancy. Simon, it seems you have something to say. Simon: Yes, l do. Well, l want to say you should keep a balance. College life is a mixture of social life andacademic life. Don't ioin too many student organizations or go to too many activitiesOtherwise, you won't have enough time to study. Of course, you should not become a bookworm.The key is to keep a balance between fun and study.Sarah: They all give very useful tips. But let me add a few more. Take responsibility for yourseland your actions; take advantage of the learning resources on campus; stay healthy and eat rightI hope you will get the most out of your college experience.Reading comprehensionUnderstanding the text1. The parents reminded their children to work hard and achieve the best they could.2. The president calls on the students to make the most of the great resources on campus: toexplore new subjects, to meet fascinating people, andto pursue new passions.3. By saying “sample them widely", the president mean students should try may different coursesand try something new to see what it is like.4. lf we don't challenge ourselves, we will not become broadly educated people, and we may nofind the passion that will help us shape our future.5. We can learn from the example of'Vera Wang that we should challenge ourselves and bychallenging ourselves, we are more likely to find an interest we don't know we have, and thisinterest may help us build a prosperous future.6. W should not worry, and we should learn to face this new part of our life with enthusiasm.College experiences, pleasant or unpleasant, will provide us with valuable lessons which willenrich our life.7. The expression Now it is your turn" means that now it is time for you to acquire knowledgeand to pass it on.8. The president's welcoming speech is really impressive. He mentions many important thingsabout college life , the resources available on campus, as well as the opportunities we have andthe responsibilities we should take. The speech is very inspiring.。

) He is.2) She is.3) She is.4) She is.5) He is.Yes. Generally speaking, these sports are popular among college students, though they are not as popular as basketball and soccer.• Not all of these sports are popular among college students. As far as I know, swimming and tennis are more popular among college students than the other three sports.Reference:1. I like jogging and playing tennis. When I jog, I listen to music or English. SoI don't feel bored and I can learn something while exercising. I also like playing tennis because it is a very exciting sport and it is fun playing with friends.2. • I don't do sports every day, but I try to exercise regularly. On weekdays, I'm too busy with my classes and homework, so I can only do sports occasionally. But on weekends I always manage to spend as much time as I can playing table tennis, going hiking, or doing yoga.• I spend about half an hour doing exercise every morning. Usually, I run on the sports field on campus. But if it rains, I do push-ups (俯卧撑) and sit-ups (仰卧起坐) in my dorm. If I have time, I play soccer or basketball in the afternoon with my classmates.3. Yes, I think so. Playing sports offers many obvious benefits. Playing sports is good to our health and good health is important for success at college. It also helps cultivate cooperation and teamwork. Besides, playing sports is very good for the development of our social skills, for sports teach us how to communicate and cooperate with people.Reference:1. Because the Sydney-to-Melbourne race is 875 kilometers long and it is a harsh test of endurance for the world's top athletes.2. Cliff Young was a toothless 61-year-old farmer; he was wearing rubber boots, and was much older than the other runners.3. Other athletes neither believed it nor treated Cliff Young with respect.4. Because Cliff Young didn't run properly. He had the strangest running style and appeared to shuffle.5.When people found that Cliff Young ran through the entire night without sleeping and when it seemed to them that he intended to keep running until he reached the finish line or fell ill or was injured.6. When he was running, Cliff Young imagined he was gathering his sheep and trying to outrun a storm.7. Cliff Young gave all the prize money to five other runners. He didn't keep a single cent for himself.8. Cliff Young is a brilliant example showing that ordinary people also have the inherent quality to achieve great results.Reference:1. I think teamwork, fair play and honesty, and excellence in performance best characterize the spirit of sports.• Teamwork: Individuals can be strong on their own, but they ca n be much stronger in a team. You can't win alone in a team game.• Fair play and honesty: Respect the rules of the game. Be honest. Never cheat even though you know you won't get caught.• Excellence in performance: Always try your best. Show your efforts and best performance.2. By playing sports, people can cultivate honesty, determination, and mutual respect.• Honesty: You will learn that having the sense of fair play and observing moral principles are essential in playing sports.• Determination: Be r eady to face difficulties or frustrations and never give up. Ultimately, this could be the deciding factor when it comes to winning or losing. • Mutual respect: It is compulsory to play by the rules. You will learn to respect your opponents, fellow players, referees, and fans.3.No, winning isn't the most important thing in sports. Winning is good, but there is much more about playing sports than winning. Playing sports brings about many benefits, the most important of which is to cultivate the spirit of sports. The spirit of sports is best reflected in the Olympic Creed, which reads: "The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well."4. I think it means that a true champion has great confidence and determination that we should not take lightly. A true champion knows one must push his limits of endurance or strength or skill to achieve victory. A true champion never gives up.5. The story of Cliff Young is extraordinary and inspirational, from which I have learned a great deal. I have learned that we should pursue our dreams regardless of what other people have to say. An ordinary person can become a hero, and wonderful things do happen when we are determined and committed. Most important of all, we should believe in ourselves!1. Theconference which I attend every year is going to be held in London in January next year.2. According to the terms of your, you must give three months' notice if you intend to leave this company.3. We were honored that so many people ofand talent were present to discuss the issues.4. The local government has been providingsupport to them, without which they couldn't have been so successful.5. The secret agent promised that the information hewas obtained from reliable sources.6. Whetheror professional, American football is perhaps the most popular sport in the US. It attracts a total attendance of over 40 million and is watched by many more millions on television each year.7. Shops try to meet the DIY (do-it-yourself) fashion by offering consumers parts and hardware which they canat home.8. I wonder how she willto the news if I tell her she is not going to get a raise this year.9. It wasthat the professor's lecture failed to impress the students as some of them had left before it was over.10. We all admitted that the trip was worthwhile after we saw a(n)palace and a fantastic museum.1. He argues that the designer of this teaching plan makes a falsethat all learners are at the same level.2. All the tourists wereby the magnificent scenery along the coastline.3. In some parts of the world, the populationin the past two decades led to the lack of food and health care.4. This hospital lacked the mostfacilities like X-ray machines and operating rooms.5. Workers who have been unfairly dismissed should be givenby the company.6. In the course of, some birds have lost their power of flight and started to live on land.7. Almost all the people who have watched this movie agree that it is the mostmovie because it is about a talking dog.8. I suggest that you not read this novel because it is not interesting and it wouldyou to death.9. Skipping breakfast and eating too much before sleep willto the problem of being overweight.10. This change is part of a(n)effort to create a new and better generation of English proficiency tests.For several centuries, cricket (板球) has been a very popular sport in England. It has been enjoyed by both professional and 1)players. This super-popular game is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players. It can provide you with health benefits like building 2), balance, and physical fitness. But for a team sport, cricket also places 3)players under unusual pressure because every team player is 4)of each other.Cricket might have started in early 16th-century England. Written records 5)evidence of a game known as creag being played by Prince Edward at Newenden, Kent in 1301; and it is possible, 6)no hard evidence, that this was a form of cricket. By the end of the 18th century, cricket had 7)into a national sport of England. The growth of the British Empire led to cricket being played abroad and by the mid-19th century the first international 8)were held. Cricket has had a(n) 9)impact on popular culture in England. It has had an influence on the vocabulary of the English language, with such phrases as that's not cricket10)to describe unfair behavior in general.1. I felt terribly sorry to learn that his sisterafter having fought against cancer for three years.2. The Chinese swimmer wasat the beginning of the women's 100-meter freestyle final, but she didn't give up and finally took the lead.3. The rich man thinks that he will die in disgrace if he does nothis money for the public good.4. Theyletting him go and would like him to stay on after his present contract expires. 5.seven million students are graduating from university this year. This will undoubtedly add to the employment pressure in the job market.6. If he is determined to do something, he will do itwhat other people will say.7. The movie was a complete waste of time. Ihave stayed at home.8.The authorities promise to introduce an effective health service so that people do not need to spend too much money when they.9. Thousands of people wereat yesterday's strike, which caused great confusion.10. They got to know each other in their 20s andthey are still in close touch with each other.By the fifth night, he had overtaken them all. By the sixth day, he led the whole pack of runners by a wide lead. He led all the way to the finish line, smashing the record by finishing the 875-kilometer race in 5 days, 15 hours and 4 minutes– 9 hours faster than anyone before! In that instant, Cliff Young became a beloved national hero.In 1564, William Shakespeare, the great poet and playwright (剧作家), was born in England. As a boy, he attended a local grammar school in his hometown. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, and they had three children. Between 1585 and 1592, he developed a successful career in London. By 1592 several of his plays were on the London stage and he had become well-known by acting and writing plays. He appeared to have retired from the theater and returned to his hometown around 1613. In 1616, at the age of 52, he passed away.有关古代奥林匹克运动会的最早文字记载可追溯至公元前776年。

新视野大学英语1课后答案(46页)一、阅读理解（每题2分，共10分）1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?A. The importance of English learning.B. The challenges of learning English.C. The benefits of learning English.D. The difficulties of learning English.答案：B2. According to the author, what is the key to learning English?A. Practice.B. Memory.C. Listening.D. Speaking.答案：A3. What does the author mean "Practice makes perfect"?A. You need to practice a lot to improve your English.B. You need to practice only once to master English.C. Practice is not necessary for learning English.D. You need to practice only when you have time.答案：A4. According to the author, what is the best way to learn English?A. Reading books.B. Watching TV.C. Listening to music.D. Talking with native speakers.答案：D5. What is the author's attitude towards learning English?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Indifferent.答案：A二、词汇与结构（每题2分，共10分）A. strictB. hardC. severeD. stern答案：AA. muchB. veryC. tooD. so答案：BA. happyB. gladC. pleasedD. delighted答案：DA. ableB. capableD. skillful答案：AA. easyB. simpleC. plainD. straightforward答案：A三、翻译（每题5分，共10分）答案：学习英语不容易，但努力是值得的。

新视野英语教程 1 Unit 9答案Section Ap158Reading Out:Fill in the blanks without referring to the original text. Then check your answers against the original. After that, read the passage aloud until you can say it from memory.He had no luggage, (1)_____ for one small backpack that looked (2) __ it was about to burst. Brian needed to meet a man (3) __ Tony before he checked in (4) __ his flight. He found Tony near the Air France counter, (5) __ he gave Brian a round-trip (6) __ and a small package. Answer:(1) except (2) like (3) named (4) for (5) where (6) ticketGetting the MessageChoose the best answer to each of the following questions.1. Why did Brian carry little luggage?A. Because he was poor.B. Because he didn't like much luggage.C. Because he would be charged for taking a lot.D. Because he was required (要求) to do so.2. Who was Tony?A. He might be an air-courier company clerk (职员).B. He might be an airline official.C. He might be Brian's customer.D. He might be a guard at the airport.3. Air-couriers get cheap airline tickets because ______.A. they are tourists with little luggageB. they take important packages and papersC. they do business abroadD. they go through customs quickly4. Air-courier travel is fast-growing because ______.A. it is quickB. it is interestingC. it is convenient (方便的)D. it is cheap5. Air-courier travel is a good choice for thosewho ______.A. hate wearing the same clothesB. have much moneyC. are flexible about travel plansD. have much personal luggage Answer: ( 1)D ( 2)A (3 )B ( 4)D ( 5)CP159 Using the Right Word:Choose the best item to complete each of the following sentences.1. In addition to working a full day at his ____B__, he has to take care of his family.A. chargeB. companyC. careerD. cash2. The whole composition is good ___A__ some careless mistakes.A. except forB. except thatC. exceptD. except from3. If you are not careful, you are going to __D___ the balloon.A. winB. beatC. emptyD. burst4. Airline personnel (员工) can buy __C___tickets at reduced prices.A. busB. trainC. flightD. movie5. Six ___B__ languages are used at the United Nations.A. nationalB. officialC. nativeD. authority6. We can visit you on Saturday or Sunday. Our plans are fairly ___A__.A. flexibleB. possibleC. impossibleD. personal7. Modern music may have a ___D__ influence, as well as a positive (积极的) one on teenagers.A. goodB. poorC. niceD. negative8. His white hair was in sharp ____B_ to his dark skin.A. differenceB. contrastC. oppositeD. background Working with Expressions:Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a suitable preposition or adverb.1. With regard ___your recent application, I'm afraid we won't offer you the job.2. Whoever broke the window should pay __ the damage.3. The plane was about to take __, and yet I left my ticket behind.4. __ contrast, he got the lowest mark of the class in the recent examination.5. At this time of the day, the road is empty except___ a few cars.6. You may want to listen to classical music instead __ going to a party.7. You must check __ at the airport an hour before your flight takes off.8. The Asian cigarette (香烟) market grew __ more than a third during the 1990s.Answer:(1) to (2) for (3) off (4) In/By (5) for(6) of (7) in (8) byP160 Focusing on Sentence Structure:A. Combine the following pairs of sentences after the models, using the word "while".Model 1:It is certainly not cheap for a business to send a package with an air-courier company.It is very quick.Key:While it is certainly not cheap for a business to send a package with an air-courier company, it is very quick.Model 2:I admit that the problems are difficult.I don't agree that they can't be solved.Key:While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don't agree that they can't be solved.1. We need money badly.We cannot borrow it from any bank.While we need money badly, we cannot borrow it from any bank.2. Some people are rich.Others are extremely poor.While some people are rich, others are extremely poor.3. Sara cannot come to help us.She gives us some useful suggestions.While Sara cannot come to help us, she gives us some useful suggestions.B. Combine the following pairs of sentences after the models, using the phrase "except for".Model 1:There are only two new gas stations in the town.The town has changed relatively little in recent years.Key:The town has changed relatively little in recent years except for two new gas stations.Model 2:I can answer all the questions.I cannot answer the last one.Key:I can answer all the questions except for the last one.1. Your article is very good.There are some mistakes in grammar.Your article is very good except for some mistakes in grammar.2. Everyone was late.Only Richard was not late.Everyone was late except for Richard.3. The classroom was empty.Jane was in the classroom.The classroom was empty except for Jane.P161 Translating:A. Translate the following into English.1. 我们刚要开始比赛就下起了雨。

Unite 11.选词填空explore(v.勘探，探测) transmit(v.传送，传递，传播) resource(n.资源) emerge(v.出现，为···所公认) yield(v.产生，出产，屈从，让步) pose(v.摆姿势，导致) assume(v.认为，假定，假设)confidence(n.信任信赖，自信心) inherit(v.沿袭，秉承，继承) comprehensive(a.综合的，多方面的)1. Given the chance to show his ability, he regained confidence and began to succeed in school.有机会展示自己的能力，他重拾信心，开始在学校取得成功。

2. It is so difficult to explore the bottom of the ocean because some parts are very deep.探索海底是很困难的，因为有些地方很深。

3. It was about 30 seconds before Alex emerged from the water; we were quite scared.大约过了30秒，亚历克斯才从水里出来，我们非常害怕。

4. We often assume that when other people do the same things as we do, they do them for the same reasons; but this assumption is not always reasonable.我们经常假设，当别人和我们做同样的事情时，他们做这些事情的原因是一样的；但是这种假设并不总是合理的。

5. There is widespread concern that the rising unemployment may pose a threat to social stability.人们普遍担心失业率上升可能对社会稳定构成威胁。

新视野大学英语1读写教程答案Unit 1 答案Vocabulary1.A:1.recognition2.multinational3.pronunciation4.employment5.overseas6.revise7.translationmunicate9.expand10.resumeReading1.B:cation2.teenagers3.major4.exclusive5.adults6.fashion7.excessive8.options9.childhood10.inappropriateWriting1.Sample Answer: In my opinion, video games have both positive and negative effects on teenagers. On one hand, video games can improve problem-solving skills and enhance hand-eye coordination. Playing video games requires players to solve different challenges and puzzles, which can be beneficial for their critical thinking abilities. Additionally, video games that involve physical movements, such as Wii Sports or Dance Dance Revolution, can help teenagersstay active and fit. On the other hand, excessive gaming can lead to addiction and have negative impacts on mental and physical health. Spending too much time playing video games can affect a teenager’s social life and academic performance. Therefore, it is important for parents to set limits on gaming time and encourage a balanced lifestyle for their children.In conclusion, video games can have both positive and negative effects on teenagers. It is crucial for teenagers to find a balance between gaming and other activities, such as studying, exercising, and socializing. Parents should play an active role in monitoring and limiting their children’s gaming time to ensure a healthy and well-rounded development.Translation1.Sample Answer: 尽管全球化给许多国家带来了经济发展和文化交流的机会，但它也带来了新的挑战。