2018上海市崇明区高三一模历史试题及答案

崇明区2017-2018学年第二学期等级考质量监测高三年级历史学科试卷2018.4考生注意：1．考试时间60分钟，试卷满分100分。

2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须写在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

一、选择题(共40分) (每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项)1.下图为姜寨遗址复原图。

该复原图反映出中国早期原始农耕的突出特征是A.社会等级B.南稻北粟C.聚族定居D.贵贱有别2.在孔子看来，要纠正春秋时代的社会弊端，最可靠的手段是A.道法自然，无为而治B.礼法兼治，王霸并用C.以民为本，推行仁政D.恢复周礼，倡导仁义3.帝王谥号主要依据其生前行为而定，下列各项中属于避号的是A.秦始皇B.光武帝C.唐太宋D.光绪帝4.“幽州”是古代地名，右某一时期幽州负责管辖“郡、国十一，县九十”。

据此判断“某一时期”最有可能是A.秦代B.汉代C.唐代D.宋代5.某同学对公元3~10世纪中国历史朝代更替进行整理，图中空白处应填的是A.春秋战国B. 五代十国C. 北朝、南朝D. 辽、夏、金、北宋、南宋6.西方人曾将“军机处”翻译为“Office of Military Secrets”(军事机密办公室)，该译法最能反映出军机处的A.由来B.职能C.特点D.性质7.1522年，某国王特地制作了一个地球仪，褒奖生还的18位勇士“你们第一个拥抱了地球。

”主要原因是他们A.最早绕过非洲最南端，开辟了前往东方的航道B.横跨三大洋完成了人类历史上第一次环球航行C.第一次到达印度，开通了欧亚之间的海上航路D.四次横渡大西洋，抵达美洲，开辟了欧美航路8.《权利法案》的“法”对君权的作用是A.平分君权B.配合君权C.限制君权D.强化君权9.右图最能诠释下列哪位启蒙思想家的思想?A.卢梭B.伏尔泰C.霍布斯D.孟德斯鸠10.美国1787年宪法规定: 如果总统对国会通过的法案不签署，参众两院可以再次进行表决，如果均达到2/3多数通过，法案即可生效。

2018年崇明县高三一模语文试题一积累应用10分1.按要求填空。

（5分）（1）________________________，双照泪痕干。

（杜甫《月夜》）（2）不应有恨，________________________？（苏轼《》）（3）王夫之《姜寨诗话》说：“以乐景写哀，以哀景写乐，一倍增其哀乐”《诗经.采薇》中“以哀景写乐”的两句是“________________________，”。

2.按要求选择（5分）（1）他乡偶遇多年未见好友，以下句子最合适表达此时情感的一项是（）（2分）A.人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇。

B.人生所贵在知己，四海相逢骨肉亲。

C.鱼沈雁杳天际路，始信人间别离苦。

D.桃李春风一杯酒，江湖夜雨十年灯。

（2）填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的—项是（. ）（3分）其实每种学问都有许久的历史，，提出过种种不同的解答，你必需明白这些经过，才可以利用前人的收获，免得绕弯子甚至于走错路。

A.很多人都曾经思虑过、讨论过其中每一个问题B.其中每一个问题曾经很多人都思虑过，讨论过C.其中每一个问题都曾经很多人思虑过，讨论过D.很多人对其中每一个问题都曾思虑过，讨论过二阅读70分（一）阅读下文，完成3-7题。

（16分）文学社会学的“摆渡”罗时进①中国古代诗文，从先秦到唐宋是各种文体的萌生、成长、形成阶段；明清诗文自然也有成长，甚至出现显性的开展，但这种开展是与回溯、总结相伴的。

也正因为如此，诗文二体迄于唐宋，内部构造方面的问题很多，而至明清则外部关系问题更加突出。

虽然，几乎全部称之为“外部关系”方面的问题在唐宋乃至先唐时代都有，但明显不如明清时代那样全面集中、高度呈现，这不免使人新奇。

而正如文学内部构造具有相关性一样，外部关系问题之丛生往往表现为两种形态：一是链式的，一是树形的。

前者是问题套连着问题，后者是主要问题旁生出诸多问题。

这种困难状态尤其可以激发出讨论爱好。

因为，如欲抵达明清诗文的本真，理解其文人、文心、文本之感人处，不将诸多“外部”关系梳理清晰，会多少有些隔靴搔痒。

普通高等学校2018届高三招生全国统一考试模拟试题（一）理科综合历史试题24．有学者指出，战国时期，各国的政治变革围绕“国君通过对官员的任免和监督以加强权力的统一和集中”“以郡县制代替分封制来加强中央集权”“国君掌握兵权和军权以保障国君的权力和地位”等方面进行。

这说明战国时期的政治变革( )A．使君主专制集权制度在全国建立起来B．以官僚政治取代了贵族政治体制C．为建立专制集权体制进行了多方准备D．导致贵族分封体制开始走向崩溃25．西汉初期的法律条文记载：根据不同的等爵，每个人都可以占有不同数量的田宅。

农民从国家那里得到土地，相应地交纳田租，服徭役、兵役。

国家再通过爵位继承制、犯罪罚没和户绝收回等配套措施，形成一个土地有授有还的循环系统。

这反映出西汉初期的土地政策( )A．有利于社会的稳定和发展B．确保土地分配相对公平C．旨在建立完整的赋役体系D．能够抑制土地兼并的发展26．唐代中后期，御史台的御史在言事监察之前，一定要向御史台的长官汇报将纠弹什么事情。

宋代取消了这一规定，每个台官言事不必对长官汇报，台官与谏官之间、台谏与台谏之间在言事上也互不通告。

这一变化( )A．使监察官员敢于监察一切事务B．增强了监察官员工作的独立性C．使监察机构摆脱了外在的制约D．有利于扩大御史台的监察范围27．乾隆帝认为：“乾纲在上，不致朝廷有名臣、奸臣，亦社稷之福耳。

”并标榜，“前代所以亡国者，曰强藩，曰外患，曰权臣，曰外戚，曰女谒，曰宦寺，曰奸臣，曰佞幸，今皆无一仿佛者”。

上述材料表明，乾隆帝时期( )A．政治统治比较清明B．官员管理比较严格C．注重对官员的控制D．善于提高官员品德28．下面是关于近代上海及其近郊的几则史料。

据此可以认定的史实是( )A．上海通商带动周边种植结构的变化B．上海近郊蔬菜生产受国际市场影响C．上海开始引种洋葱、土豆等国外品种D．上海郊区成为全国最大的蔬菜市场29．有学者指出，科举制度的废除砸了数十万举贡生员的饭碗，断绝了他们的仕途。

上海市2018年12月高三年级历史科练习试卷满分：150分考试时间：120分钟考生注意：试卷分为“分叉部分”和“共同部分"。

分叉部分分为A、B两组，两组试题分值相同。

考生可以往选一组应答，但不可以交叉答题，若考生交叉答题，一律以A组记分。

“共同部分”为所有考生必须应答的试题。

答案全都写在答题纸上。

分叉部分A组(适合使用“一期”课改教材的考生)一、选择题(共30分，每小题2分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

)1、在某地的考古挖掘中，出土了石斧、陶器和碳化了的粟等物品，还有几座成年男女合葬墓，据此判断，这一人类遗址处于( )A旧石器早期B旧石器晚期C母系氏族时期D父系氏族时期2、近期在陕西扶风出土的西周中晚期青铜器中有两件大口尊各刻有111字铭文，记载了2800多年前一个贵族家族向国家司法人员行贿的内幕。

从中你可以得到的信息是（)①西周司法人员受贿成风②西周青纲器专用于记载案件③西周贵族家族干预司法④西周青铜器铭文较他印为肇A ①②B ③④C ②③④D ①②③3、儒家思想自西汉后逐步确立了其在中国的统治地位，并形成了以礼入法的法系特征，以礼入法的实质是“外儒内法”，对此最确切的理解是( )A法儒各半B儒法融合C形儒实法D法家为主4、下列选项中符合《史记》的写作年代、编纂体例和选材原则的是( )A汉武帝生平集中于单篇B司马光砸缸的故事收人其中C唐太宗事迹按时间叙述D成吉思汗西征路线详细记载5、两税法的实施使唐政府的财政收入增加了，这部分收入主要来源于( )A地主阶级B农民阶级C手工业者D少数民族6、曹操统一北方、实行休养生息，其成就被毁于( )A 七国之乱B八王之乱C侯景之乱D五胡乱华7、东晋南朝时期江南农业迅速发展，其主要原因是( )A商品经济水平较高，起到推动作用B北方人口南迁并带去先进的生产技术C江南越人开始从事农耕生产D江南的气候、土壤对农业发展有利8、“王沔，字楚望，齐州人。

……加左谏议大夫、枢密副使。

2018年上海市崇明县高考历史一模试卷一、选择题（共40分）在中国古代“家国一体”的社会中，忠孝观念源远流长。

其源头是（）A．宗法制B．君主制C．分封制D．郡县制2．（2分）中国古代儒家思想经过不断改造创新，成为封建社会的主流思想，这主要由于（）A．儒学反映了广大民众的利益和要求B．儒家思想是古代最进步的思想主张C．佛、道与儒学较量后退出舆论阵地D．儒家吸取各派学说以适应统治需要3．（2分）探究因果关系是历史学习的重要技能。

根据所示，左表中应填入（）A．①②B．②③C．③④D．①④4．（2分）秦汉以来，形成了以中国文化为轴心的东亚（儒家）文化圈，其中儒家文化最先传入的国家是（）A．朝鲜B．印度C．越南D．日本5．（2分）下列哪一制度的运作是宰相无法专权，皇帝也不能完全独裁？（）A．三公九卿制 B．三省六部制 C．行省制D．内阁制6．（2分）如图所示四幅疆域图按时间先后顺序排列正确的是（）A．①②③④B．②①③④C．③①②④D．④①②③7．（2分）中国文化不仅惠及近邻，而且泽被远西。

如图关于“中国古代文化外传”的时间轴，“？”处应填入（）A．火器随蒙古西征传入欧洲B．中国丝绸收到古罗马上层人士喜爱C．唐三彩随遣唐使流入日本D．瓷杯瓷盘随海禁的开放传到菲律宾8．（2分）下列关于清朝设置的军机处的特点，表述错误的是（）A．简：机构精简B．速：办事效率高C．开：决策开放性强D．专：皇帝乾纲独断9．（2分）18世纪法国启蒙思想家的共同观点是（）A．都反对封建专制制度B．都主张暴力革命C．都主张取消君主统治D．都主张三权分立10．（2分）“禁烟运动给了我们一个战争的机会……可以使我们终于乘战胜之余威，提出我们自己的条件，强迫中国接受。

”﹣﹣《安得鲁•韩德森致拉本特函》。

中国被迫接受他们的“条件”后发生的变化有（）①中国开始丧失内河航运权②列强获得在通商口岸设厂权利③中国开始丧失关税自主权④中国的社会性质开始发生变化。

崇明县2018学年第二次高考模拟考试试卷历史考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2．所有答案必须做在答题卡上。

一、选择题（共75分）1－30题，每小题2分，共60分，每题只有一个正确选项。

1．被古希腊人称为“Mesopotamia”的古代文明区域，其遗址遗迹主要位于今天的A．印度B．埃及C．希腊D．伊拉克2．随着生产力的提高和文明结构的扩大和强化，古代世界分散的点状文明逐渐发展为较大范围的区域文明或文化圈。

其中由东向西排列正确的是A．伊斯兰文明/儒家文明/基督教文明B．儒家文明/伊斯兰文明/基督教文明C．基督教文明/儒家文明/伊斯兰文明D．基督教文明/伊斯兰文明/儒家文明3．古代希腊城邦制度的全盛时期相当于中国的A．商朝时期B．西周时期C．春秋战国时期D．秦汉时期4．英国、法国、西班牙以及意大利是经济发达、独立自主的欧洲国家。

在历史上这些国家曾共同受到某一帝国的统治，这个帝国是A．罗马帝国B．阿拉伯帝国C．拜占庭帝国D．奥斯曼土耳其帝国5．中世纪后期，德意志汉萨同盟大多数成员都采用的《律贝克法》第一条明确规定：“每个城市都要加强防御海盗和其他破坏者，以使航海商人自由进行贸易。

”此处所谓“其他破坏者”主要包括A．国王B．农奴C．领主D．市民6．杜牧在《阿房宫赋》中写道，雄伟壮丽的阿房宫被项羽军队焚毁。

但考古发掘表明，阿房宫并未建成更没有遭受大规模焚烧。

由此可见A．考古发现比古人的记述更为真实B．史事的真实性需要考古的确证C．考古发掘是还原史事的重要手段D．文学作品具有一定的史料价值7．下列中国古代官职或机构中，具有监察职能的是①御史台②刺史③内阁④军机处A．①②B．①③C．②③D．②④8．丝绸之路是古代横贯欧亚大陆的贸易交通线，其运输方式分为陆上丝绸之路和海上丝绸之路，它们的起点分别是A．洛阳、明州B．长安、泉州C．长安、广州D．洛阳、泉州9．文人政治与积贫积弱现象共生共存的朝代是A．秦朝B．汉朝C．宋朝D．明朝10．“国家初制，奏章票拟，主之内阁；军国机要，主之议政处；若特颁诏旨，由南书房翰林院视草”采取此种统治措施的是A．同治帝B．康熙帝C．雍正帝D．道光帝11．掌握历史纪年方法是历史学习的重要内容，下列有关历史纪年的表述，不正确的是A．公元前3世纪晚期秦朝建立B．民国二十六年全面抗战开始C．乾隆五十年时乾隆皇帝50岁D．1898年是干支纪年的戊戌年12．马丁·路德曾称印刷术为“上帝至高无上的恩赐，使得福音更能传扬”。

崇明区2018届第一次高考模拟考试试卷历史考生注意：1．考试时间60分钟，试卷满分100分。

2．所有答案必须做在答题卡上。

一、选择题（共40分）(每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项)。

1．中华文明起源的核心地区位于右图的A．①B．②C．③D．④2．唐代的文学和艺术作品中，骆驼和胡人逐渐成为流行的文化符号，造成此现象的原因有①民族融合的加强②丝绸之路的畅通③文化政策的开放④三省制度的盛行A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④3．突火枪、火铳是迄今所知世界上最早的管状火器。

向外传播大约是在A．秦汉B．隋唐C．宋元D．明清4．1987年在广东海域发现的沉船经研究确认是南宋沉船，出水了数万件文物。

该沉船可以用于研究南宋①海上丝路的繁盛②商品经济的繁荣③文官体制的利弊④造船技术的先进A．②③④B．①③④C．①②④D．①②③5．右图所示分封制，重要诸侯国封地的记载应该出自于A．《史记》B．《文史通义》C．《资治通鉴》D．《新史学》6．明末清初的西学传入，除了神学之外，最主要的是A．经济模式B．启蒙思想C．科学技术D．政治制度7．梁启超在《新史学》中写道：“历史者，以过去进化，导未来之进化者也。

”其主要观点是A．史学追求理论美观B．历史研究应为现实服务C．史学研究贵在傅古D．历史研究具有永恒价值8．《海国图志》记述“亚墨利加（即南、北美洲）一土，孤悬于内，亘古未通声息，英人于前明万历年间探得之”。

据此可知A．魏源是“开眼看世界”的第一人B．宣告了清朝闭关锁国政策的破产C．对中国的封建君主制度提出质疑D．对美洲历史的认识了解尚存缺陷9．马克思说：“英国的大炮破坏了中国皇帝的权威，迫使天朝帝国与地上的世界接触。

”上述观点主要说明鸦片战争 A ．冲击了君主专制制度 B ．打破了闭关锁国局面C ．破坏了中国领土主权D ．改变了中国历史进程10．右面知识结构图反映的历史事件是A ．洋务运动B ．戊戌变法C ．清末新政D ．辛亥革命12．下图是中国历史演进示意图，其中“D ”处的社会政治主题是A ．原始时代B ．“封建时代”C ．帝制时代D ．共和时代13．1918年起，《新青年》完全使用白话文刊行。

高三历史 共8页 第1页崇明县2012学年第一学期期末考试试卷高 三 历 史考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2．所有答案必须做在答题卡上。

一、选择题（共75分）（以下每小题2分，共60分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

）1、2001年伊拉克举行了“文字发明5000年”的庆祝活动，为祖先发明人类历史上最早的文字而深感自豪。

伊拉克人的祖先发明的文字是 ……………………………………………（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．2、中国当代著名导演艺术家罗锦鳞先生在编导古希腊悲剧《安提戈涅》中直接写道：“你是君王，我是百姓，但是我们有同样的发言权。

”此语表明他侧重古希腊悲剧所展现的是（ ）A ．戏剧情节B ．等级观念C ．人文素养D ．民主精神3、有学者认为，《十二铜表法》的制定是古罗马平民阶层的胜利。

该学者的主要理由应该是 ………………………………………………………………………………………………（ ） A ．法典的制定，奠定了罗马公民法的基础 B ．法典规定了债务法规，改善了奴隶的处境 C ．与习惯法相比，该法典内容有大量的扩充D ．法典明文公示，打破了贵族对法律知识的垄断4、中世纪欧洲人们“只知有教，不知有国”， 国家意识淡薄，12 世纪以后此种情况有所改变，英法等国王权呈加强之势，出现这种改变的主要原因是 ………………………………（ ） A ．国王军事实力的加强 B ．基督教会威信的下降C ．采邑制度的逐渐废除D ．商品经济的不断发展5、著名史学家吕思勉把中国古代地方行政组织划分为先后相继的“部落时代”、“封建时代”、“郡县时代”。

其中与“封建时代”相对应的朝代是……………………………………（ ）A ．西周B ．秦朝C ．西汉D ．元朝6、春秋战国至秦汉时期，各种思想流派纷呈。

有学者分别描述为：“拥有无限同情心与向上心的文化人的学派”，“劳苦大众的行动帮会”，“专制君主的参谋集团”。

请按顺序指出它们分别代表哪一流 ……………………………………………………………………………………（ ）A ．儒、道、法B ．儒、法、道C ．法、儒、道D ．道、法、儒7、“臣愿陛下兴太学，置明师，以养天下之士；数考问以尽其材，则英俊宜可得矣。

上海崇明区2018年高三一模-英语高三英语共32页第2页高三英语共32页第3页高三英语共32页第4页9. A. She needs a different kind of job. B. She often goes back with her supervisor.C. She used to work for a newspaper.D. She’d like her supervisor’s opinion of her work. 10. A. The man should have had his car inspected sooner.B. The man doesn’t need to have his car inspected until next month.C. The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.D. She has to wait even longer than the man did to have her car inspected.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best高三英语共32页第5页answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Alphabet’s plan on self-driving cars. B. A successful test of self-driving cars.C. People’s responses to self-driving cars.D. The 3D map used in self-driving cars.12. A. The camera. B. The laser device. C. The built-in GPS. D. The sensors and radar.13. A. Self-driving cars are already common. B. It was the first test of self-driving cars.C. There exists distrust in self-driving cars.D. Drivers are still needed in self-driving cars. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Tourism can bring a lot of disadvantages. B. Tourism is increasingly popular these years.C. Tourism should benefit local communities.D. Tourism has become a problem in some places. 15. A. The cost of fuel is low. B. More高三英语共32页第6页people are visiting China.C. Plane tickets are cheap.D. People need tourism for jobs and wealth.16. A. 1.8 million more people will travel in 2030 according to the UNWTO.B. Measures have been taken to address overtourism in some places.C. Taleb Rifai doesn’t regard overtourism as a problem.D. Some cities have forbidden tourists to visit them.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because the joke was about dinner. B. Toget all the boys involved in the joke.C. Because they had no idea about the joke.D.To leave the boys no time to take revenge.18. A. It was carefully prepared. B. Theboys were each asked to take a bowl.C. The food there was delicious.D.高三英语共32页第7页Supper should be skipped before the party. 19. A. Stupid. B. Challenged. C. Confused. D. Disappointed.20. A. The girls’ joke turned out to be a success.B. The class teacher was not generous enough.C. The boys managed to take revenge on the girls.D. The food was delicious so the bowls were emptied.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives Birth April, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has高三英语共32页第8页finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)_____ she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_____ April was pacing in her pen (畜栏) on April 15, two hoove s (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26)_____ not. An hour later, it was (27)_____ its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy. “After months of pregnancy, both mom and高三英语共32页第9页calf are doing fine,”said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_____ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_____ April’s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.高三英语共32页第10页Company Builds W orld’s First AutomobileVending Machine (自动贩卖机)Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick,easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their 31 car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level.高三英语共32页第11页“Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars by merely 32 a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) 33 point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling 34 pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get 35 tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means thed e l i v e r y c o s t s a r e w o r k e d i n t o t h e36 of the vehicle.高三英语共32页第12页But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win 37 that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead(间接费用), and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38 experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s 39 is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, 40 just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase高三英语共32页第13页that best fits the context.Stay out of the Sun to Look YoungForget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are.However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion(肤色), from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 41 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 42 , the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual conference will hear today. The interesting 43 comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US –commissioned by skincare firm Olay – guessed how old the women were, they found those who 44 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 45 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were.Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology(皮肤医学), said the 46 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth(谬见), and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need.Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a 47 conclusion. Experts there said: ‘Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin.’It isn’t clear why the women who 48 well didn’t have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the高三英语共32页第14页question they were asked was too 49 and didn’t take into account their long-term sleep patterns.A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than 50 , intense exposure. Finally, DNA exami nation of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the 51 done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more active in women who said they loved the 52 – and in those who looked older. Dr Kimball said CDKN2A activity is a 53 that a cell is ‘tired out’ and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday.Dr Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the 54 to develop its latest face creams, said: ‘This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a 55 basis.’41. A. add to B. benefit from C. depend on D. hold back42. A. mistake B. proposal C. difference D. comment43. A. finding B. suggestion C. prospectD. possibility44. A. cheered up B. were exposed C. made trouble D. took care45. A. age B. trouble C. scenicD. weak46. A. faulty B. popular C. helpfulD. conflicting47. A. better B. similar C. falseD. satisfactory48. A. ate B. exercised C. actedD. slept高三英语共32页第15页49. A. hard B. apparent C. narrowD. serious50. A. occasional B. limited C. potentialD. initial51. A. good B. damage C. treatmentD. miracle52. A. beauty B. water C. skinD. sun53. A. trend B. possibility C. signD. chance54. A. product B. research C. approachD. sample55. A. temporary B. personal C. dailyD. strictSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Mickey Mouse and Shrek are just a couple of the American animated(动画的) characters loved the world over. And they are examples of the evolution of animation, which has brought unique new life to the film industry.Among the first American animated films was Light of the Moon, a silent movie produced in 1911 using silhouette(剪影) animation, where the characters are represented only as black silhouettes.The real breakthrough for American animation came with Steamboat Willie, created by Walt Disney and released in 1928. It was the first animated film to be accompanied by sound, and its main star, Mickey Mouse, became one of the most loveable and enduring animated characters ever created. Disney also created the first American高三英语共32页第16页full-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Released in 1937, it enjoyed worldwide box-office success.Disney’s extremely careful attention to high-quality detail in the thousands of hand-painted drawings required at that time to make an animated film elevated this film technique to the level of a serious art form.Clay animation is a type of stop-motion animation using forms made of clay. Clay animation films have been produced in the United States since 1908. But this form of animation only won wide popular appeal in 1955 with a short film called Gumbasia, created by Art Clokey.Computer-generated imagery, or CGI, brought animation to a new level of artistry and realism. Used in film since the 1960s, CGI animation began to develop rapidly in the mid-1990s. Toy Story, released in 1995 and created by Pixar and Disney Studios, was the first completely computer-generated animated feature film.In 2001, DreamWorks and Pacific Data Images released Shrek, the first computer-animated feature film to win an Oscar. Shrek returned in 2004 with his talking donkey, his princess bride Fiona and an army of fairy-tale characters in Shrek 2. Hugely popular, that film became the highest-grossing(票房最高的) animated film of all time.In addition to strictly animated movies, animation has been mixed into films showing live actors as well. Who can forget the terrifyingly real dinosaurs thundering through Steven Spielberg’s Jurassic Park movies and the actors they chased? Thanks to the powerful capabilities of today’s computers and the unlimited imagination of American filmmakers, animation will be entertaining audiences worldwide for a long time to come.高三英语共32页第17页56. The passage is mainly about the _____ of animation.A. influenceB. popularityC. charactersD. development57. Which film marked the beginning of the complete digital age of American animation?A. Light of the Moon.B. Steamboat Willie.C. Toy Story.D. Shrek.58. It can be learned from the passage that _____.A. Disney played a very important role in promoting animationB. computers make animated characters more lovelyC. Jurassic Park movies involve only live actorsD. clay animation enjoys long-lasting popularity59. What can be inferred about the future of animation from the passage?A. Animation will forever remain an essential form of entertainment.B. Animation will be replaced by new forms of films in the near future.C. Animation will continuously gain new life due to computers and imagination.D. Animation will get more popular in the future for the developing film technology.（B）高三英语共32页第18页The Puffing Billy Railway, located about 40km east of Melbourne, was constructed in the early 1900s to open up remote areas. The present line between Belgrave and Gembrook travels through the forests and farmlands of the magnificent Dandenong Ranges. Today, this non-profit Railway operates almost daily thanks to the tireless efforts of more than 900 dedicated volunteers.高三英语共32页第19页60. The above information is mainly intended for _____.高三英语共32页第20页A. international tourists in AustraliaB. potential travellers of the steam trainsC. local residents in Dandenong RangesD. volunteers on the Puffing Billy Railway61. People are not permitted to bring _____ onto the excursion trains.A. pramsB. guide dogsC. wheelchairsD. alcohol62. What can be learned from the above information?A. Taking photos is forbidden on most excursion trains.B. Toilets for the disabled are not available at all stations.C. Foreign visitors to Australia can also get concession fares.D. One can get tickets at a lower price as long as he books in advance.（C）Academic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students高三英语共32页第21页“soft” skills like self-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future, a study finds.Duke University researchers looked at a program called Fast Track, which was started in the 1990s for children who were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral problems.The students were randomized into two groups; half took part in the intervention (干预), which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through tenth grade, reduced arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood, as researchers explained in a separate study.In the latest study, researchers looked at the “why” behind those previous findings. In looking at the data from nearly 900 students, the researchers found that about a third of the impact on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self-regulation skills the students learned from ages 6 to 11.The academic skills that were taught as part of Fast Track turned out to have less of an impact on crime than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional intelligence.“The conclusion that we would make is that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in our education system and in our system of socializing children,” says Kenneth Dodge, a professor at Duke who was a principal investigator in this study as well as in the original Fast Track project. Parents should do all they can to promote these skills with their children, Dodge says, as should education policymakers.To Neil Bernstein, a psychologist in Washington, D.C., who specializes in child and adolescent高三英语共32页第22页behavior disorders, the researchers’ findings seem to match what he’s seen among the general public in working with children for more than 30 years. And while he says he agrees with the importance of teaching self-control and social skills, he would add empathy to the list, too.“Empathy is what make s us aware of the feelings of others, and when you’re empathic, you’re much less likely to hurt someone else’s feelings,” says Bernstein, who serves on the advisory board for the Partnership for Drug-Free Kids. “Being in tune with how someone else feels might also make adolescents avoid bullying and other behaviors of concern,” Bernstein says.While Bernstein thinks the study’s findings are meaningful and could potentially serve as a model for schools, he says that collectively getting a school system, teachers, parents and students all motivated enough to take part in an intervention like Fast Track is challenging.63. Fast Track is aimed to _____.A. improve children’s academic skillsB. help the children with behavior disordersC. identify the problematic childrenD. classify children into different groups64. Neil Bernstein thinks that _____.A. empathic children are more likely to have higher emotional intelligenceB. the findings of the studies disagree with what he has found in his workC. empathy is equally essential in educating and socializing childrenD. self-control and social skills are not as important as empathy65. What can be learned from the passage?A. It’s hard to involve everyone concerned in applying the findings.B. Soft skills were not part of the education system in the past.高三英语共32页第23页C. The findings are meaningless unless guided by Fast Track.D. Adolescence is the most critical stage in a person’s life.66. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Academic skills are paid too much attention at schools.B. Academic skills have no influence on children’s behaviors.C. Soft skills are much harder to develop than academic skills.D. Soft skills play a significant role in preventing future crimes.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What’s the best language for learning math? Hint: You’re not reading it.Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler高三英语共32页第24页number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.67 Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University.Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at “11”. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one”–spoken with the “t e n”f i r s t.68English number words over 10 don’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法). 69It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten”addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4.70Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract.Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!高三英语共32页第25页IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!”On social media, people around the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona高三英语共32页第26页Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 你能感受到大数据给现代生活带来的冲击吗？(impact)73. 我们在向西方学习的时候不能丢弃自己独特的文化特征。

上海市崇明县中华中学2018年高三历史联考试题含解析一、选择题（每小题2分，共60分）1. 1918年到1964年间苏俄(联)联结工农关系、城乡关系的措施经历了“军事动员一商品市场一行政计划一物质利益”的演变过程，这里“行政计划”阶段农业方面的措施是A.掀起农业集体化B.征收固定粮食税C.实行余粮征集制D.下放经营自主权参考答案：A本题考查苏俄（联）的经济改革。

根据材料并结合所学可知“军事动员”指的是实行战时共产主义政策，“商品市场”指的是新经济政策的推行，而“行政计划”则是指斯大林时期为推动工业化发展掀起了农业集体化运动，“物质利益”是赫鲁晓夫时期推动企业发展的措施，故选A项。

2. 1609年，某地成立银行，而后各种银行林立，成为欧洲的储蓄和兑换中心。

依靠雄厚的金融力量，此地还开启股票市场，进行融资和投机，被后人称为“17世纪的华尔街”。

“某地”是A．英国的伦敦B．法国的巴黎C．荷兰的阿姆斯特丹D．意大利的威尼斯参考答案：C3. 柏拉图曾说：“在民主制中，没有专门的领导阶层，领袖人物取决于人民的喜好，因此，他们的行动在于维护他们自己的名誉和地位。

默许人民的要求使政治领导能力受到了削弱……民主使智慧边际化。

”在此，他认为雅典民主制A．把权力关进了笼子B．真正体现了人民当家作主C．存在民主泛滥弊端D．提供了集体管理的新形式参考答案：C4. 西周初，武王封鲁、燕、齐于河南。

武王驾崩后，其弟管叔趁机联合殷商旧族在河南谋反，山东淮北等地夷、戎响应。

周公东征平叛后.封齐、鲁于东海之滨，天子又常亲自临驻洛邑，作为东都。

周公再行分封意在A.加强周王中枢权力B.推动文化交流和认同C.强化对地方的管制D.稳固继承的宗法原则参考答案：C【详解】根据题干结合所学可知，武王死后，管叔连同殷商旧族和边地夷戎叛乱，周公平定叛乱后再行分封，齐、鲁等封国坐镇边地拱卫周王室，有利于强化周王室对殷商旧地的控制，故C项正确。

题干强调实行分封的意图，加强周王中枢权力、推动文化交流是分封制实行的影响，故排除AB两项。

2018届上海市崇明区高三第一次模拟考试地理试题（word版）考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

【请将答案填写在答题纸上】2．试卷包括两大题，第一大题为选择题，第二大题为综合分析题。

一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分，每小题只有一个正确答案）1．火星探测项目是我国继载人航天工程、嫦娥工程之后又一个重大空间探索项目，我国火星探测器预计在2020年上天。

火星探测器一旦进入火星轨道，便脱离了A．地月系B．太阳系C．银河系D．总星系2．太阳大气某层有时会出现一些突然增大、增亮的斑块，该太阳活动是A．黑子B．耀斑C．日珥D．太阳风3．“神舟十一号”载人飞船于北京时间2016年10月17日7时30分，在酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空。

美国纽约（西五区）的华人收看飞船发射直播时，当地时间是A．16日6时30分B．16日18时30分C．17日4时30分D．17日20时30分4．下列光照图中，最符合上题飞船发射时全球昼夜状况的是A B C D6．矿物颗粒细小、颜色较深、分布广泛的玄武岩属于A．沉积岩B．变质岩C．侵入岩D．喷出岩7．从形状特征看，等高线地形图上指向高处的等高线突出部分是A．洼地B．山峰C．山谷D．山脊8．歌曲《上海滩》中有歌词“似大江一发不收，转千湾转千滩”，河流“湾”处往往岸陡、浪急、水深，“滩”处往往岸缓、水稳、滩露。

下列关于河流“湾”和“滩”处主要的外力作用，说法正确的是A．“湾”处主要是流水侵蚀B．“湾”处主要是流水堆积C．“滩”处主要是流水侵蚀D．“滩”处主要是流水搬运9．在赤道和南纬30°之间的纬度带，许多海岛上的树被定向风吹的像扫帚一样，形成一种绝妙的风向标，其树冠的倾斜方向是A．西北B．西南C．东南D．东北10．2000年以来，世界上输沙量最多、含沙量最大的河流——黄河，泥沙含量锐减，悄然出现变清态势。

其主要原因是①潮流搬运能力增强②小浪底枢纽工程蓄水拦沙③黄河下游段取水量增加④中游生态有所恢复A．①②B．③④C．①③D．②④11．2016年4月，黑龙江推出地方性人口与计划生育条例，规定少数民族、边境城市人口等六种情形下可生育三胎。

上海市崇明县2018学年第一学期高三期末考试试卷历史（试卷总分150分，考试时间120分钟）一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。

每题只有一个正确选项。

）1.一般认为史学研究分为问题形成、史料收集、史料整理和历史解释等环节。

下列表格属于史学研究的（）A．问题形成 B．史料收集 C．史料整理 D．历史解释2、如果你通过时光隧道，回到希腊梭伦执政的时代，下列情景中你并不能看到的是（）A．国王住在高高的山岗上并被巨石围墙护卫的王宫之中，监视并控制着全体臣民B．乡间居民步行进城，高兴地参加公民大会，行使自己的权利C．公民大会正在讨论军国大事，出现了唇枪舌剑的场面D．在民众法庭上，其审判员从所有公民中抽签选举产生3、、欧洲中世纪有一句谚语：“城市的空气使人自由。

”这句话的意思是（）A、城市的自然条件优越B、城市相对独立和自治C、城市的空气比较清新D、城市已不受国王管辖4、“凡以遗嘱处分自己的财产，或对其家属指定监护人的，具有法律上的效力。

”“任何人在缺席时不得被判罪。

同样，不得基于怀疑而惩罚任何人；……与其判处无罪之人，不如容许罪犯逃脱惩罚。

”以上法律条文源自（）A．罗马法系 B．中华法系 C．大陆法系 D．英美法系5. 公元前1000年至公元前600年左右，中国、印度、希腊三大文明在哲学思想上各有侧重，其内容大致可分为：甲、参悟生死问题；乙、探索人的理性；丙、规范社会秩序。

与上述内容相对应的国家应是（）A. 中国：甲；印度：乙；希腊：丙 B. 中国：丙；印度：甲；希腊：乙C. 中国：丙；印度：乙；希腊：甲；D. 中国：乙；印度：丙；希腊：甲6. 英国、法国、西班牙及意大利是经济发达、独立自主的欧洲国家。

在历史上这些国家曾共同受到某一帝国的统治，这个帝国是（）A．罗马帝国 B. 拜占庭帝国C. 阿拉伯帝国D. 奥斯曼土耳其帝国7．至今仍有史学研究者质疑二里头文化即夏文化的结论，其主要原因-（）A．在时间和地域上不吻合 B．传世文献记载不可靠C．出土文物有限不足为证 D．未找到直接文字证据8、著名历史学家郭沫若在一首诗中写到：“洹水安阳名不虚，三千年前是帝都”。

崇明区2018-2019学年等级考第一次模拟考试试卷历史考生注意：1．考试时间60分钟，试卷满分100分。

2．所有答案必须做在答题卡上。

一、选择题（共40分）(每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项)1．《史记·殷本纪》记载：“契长而佐禹治水有功，封于商……”对上述史料看法正确的是A．该记述属于神话传说，基本无历史价值B．该史料属于文献史料，有待于实物印证C．该史料属于一手史料，有一定参考价值D．《史记》素以信史著称，故该史料是可信2．《礼记》记载：“夫礼者，……故贵贱有等，衣服有别，朝廷有位，则民有所让。

”由此可见，制定礼乐制度的目的是A．维护等级秩序B．保障专制王权C．加强中央集权D．规范人们行为3．汉光武帝的治国政策是A．“无为而治”B．“柔道”政策C．“有为”政策D．“善于纳谏”4．颁布“诏不得以北俗之语言于朝廷，若有违者，免所居官。

”此诏令的皇帝是A．秦始皇B．汉武帝C．光武帝D．孝文帝5．下列哪个区域在元代正式成为中国行政领土不可分割的一部分？A．蒙古B．新疆C．西藏D．海南岛6．（德）利普斯在《事物的起源》一书中认为：“这就为知识普及口号打开道路，标志着我们心目中所谓书籍的开端。

”这段材料表明中国造纸术的西传A．促成了近代欧洲科学复兴B．改变了欧洲人阅读方式C．消除了人们对宗教的迷信D．促进了欧洲文化的发展7．新航路的开辟使世界各民族的发展逐渐融合为一部统一的人类历史，这种“融合”和“统一”实现的主要方式是A．正常的文化交流B．西方的殖民扩张和掠夺C．东方的借鉴学习D．东西方之间的政治交流8．下列哪位启蒙思想家曾经担任《百科全书》的主编20余年，宣传科学和理性，反对迷信和专制？A ．狄德罗B ．卢梭C ．霍布斯D ．伏尔泰9．有同学用下列示意图表示美国1787年联邦宪法有关三权分立的原则，图中缺失的一项是A ．首相（军事）B ．内阁（行政）C ．总统（外交）D ．总统（行政）10．下图体现了工业革命机器发明的递进状态。

2018届高三上学期第一次大联考文科综合历史试题（解析版）1. 著名学者余英时对中国古代某一时期的思想作了这样的描述:“将…道——一种精神实体——代替了巫所信奉的…神’；……用‘心‟的神明变化代替了…巫‟沟通天人或神人的神秘功能；……以‘心学‟取代…神学‟。

”这里描述的思想属于A. 春秋战国时期B. 两汉时期C. 魏晋南北朝时期D. 宋明时期【答案】A【解析】根据材料可知，将“道”代替了巫所信奉的“神”，用“心”的神明变化代替了“巫”沟通天人或神人的神秘功能，以“心学”取代“神学”，可知这一时期的思想家已冲破了商周以来的从巫、神角度构建对宇宙、历史和现实人生的解释，开始独立自主地思考问题，结合所学知识可知是春秋战国时期，故A项正确。

两汉时期的主要思想是董仲舒的新儒学，主张君权神授、天人感应等思想，体现“神学”思想发展，与材料要求不符，排除B。

魏晋南北朝时期，儒学独尊地位受到佛教、道教思想的冲击，与材料要求不符，排除C。

宋明时期，理学占据主导地位，“心学”取代“神学”开始于春秋战国时期，最后在宋明时期形成系统，排除D。

2. 东晋南朝时期有一种特殊的地方行政制度，即侨州郡县的设置。

晋末永嘉之乱,中原人民纷纷流徙，大部分渡淮南迁,南迁的移民往往是以原中原世家大族为核心形成的流民集团,当地政府为了招抚流民,安置世家大姓,保持其原有显赫的郡望,即就地按原来籍贯的州郡县名设置政区,给予不税不役的待遇。

此举A. 是地方行政制度的创举B. 使经济重心转移到南方C. 阻碍了南方的民族融合D. 不利于中央集权的加强【答案】D【解析】根据材料和所学知识可知，州、郡、县在魏晋南北朝之前已经存在，作为地方行政制度，并非是创举；东晋南朝时期为迁移过去的北民设置州、郡、县等地方区划，是一种优惠政策，不能说这个制度是创举，排除A。

经济重心转移到南方是在南宋时期，排除B。

侨州郡县的设置促进北人南迁，有利于南方的民族融合，排除C。

绝密★启用前上海市崇明区2019届高三上学期第一次高考模拟（等级考）历史试题（解析版）考生注意：1.考试时间60分钟,试卷满分100分。

2.所必须做在答题卡上。

一、选择题（共40分）（每小题2分,每题只有一个正确选项）1.《史记·殷本纪》记载：“契长而佐禹治水有功,封于商……”对上述史料看法正确的是A. 该记述属于神话传说,基本无历史价值B. 该史料属于文献史料,有待于实物印证C. 该史料属于一手史料,有一定参考价值D. 《史记》素以信史著称,故该史料是可信【答案】B【解析】【详解】大禹治水和契被封于商是我国古代许多文献史料中记载的内容,并不能将其完全归于神话传说而认定其毫无历史价值,故排除A项；题意中记载的内容属于文献史料,但是有待实物的考证,故选B项；《史记》中的记载属于司马迁二次加工整理的记载,不是一手史料,故排除C项；《史记》记载虽然以信史,但大禹治水和契封于商属于没有实物考证的记载,不能就此推断该则史料就是可信的,故排除D项。

2.《礼记》记载：“夫礼者,……故贵贱有等,衣服有别,朝廷有位,则民有所让。

”由此可见,制定礼乐制度的目的是A. 维护等级秩序B. 保障专制王权C. 加强中央集权D. 规范人们行为【答案】A【解析】【详解】根据“贵贱有等,衣服有别,朝廷有位,则民有所让”可知周公制定礼乐制度的目的是为了“民有所让”,即维护等级秩序,故选A项；西周时期还没有形成高度的君主专制和中央集权,周公制定礼乐的主要目的是通过维护社会等级以巩固统治,并非是为了维护专制王权和中央集权,故排除B、C项；规范人们行为是礼乐制度的内容而非目的,故排除D项。

【点睛】中国的礼乐制度起源于西周时期,它和分封制度、宗法制度一起,构成整个中国古代的社会制度,对后世的政治、文化、艺术和思想影响巨大。

礼乐制度分礼和乐两个部分。

礼的部分主要对人的身份进行划分和社会规范,最终形成等级制度。

乐的部分主要是基于礼的等级制度,运用音乐进行缓解社会矛盾。

历史考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2．所有答案必须做在答题卡上。

一、选择题（共75分）1—30题，每小题2分，共60分，每题只有一个正确选项。

1、在文字记载出现之前，人类已经经历漫长的文明演进过程。

考古学者观察其间的变化，可以运用哪类发掘作为社会进步分期的历史标准A．遗址的周边环境 B．遗址动植物残留 C．发掘的人类遗骸 D．人类使用的工具2、根据考古学家的发掘，世界上最早的图书馆亚述的巴尼拔图书馆，里面藏有大量的泥版。

它位于今天的A．印度 B．中国 C．伊拉克 D．埃及3、帕特农神庙是雅典灿烂古文明的历史见证，它建成于下列时间轴的哪一阶段前2000年前1100年前800年前500年前330年A B C D4、对西欧中世纪城市市民与封建领主之间的关系表达得比较恰当的一项是A．两者始终处于对立状况 B．随城市发展而动态发展C．处于统治与被统治关系 D．前期协作后期转向对立5、公元745年，唐玄宗下诏：“波斯经教，出自大秦（罗马），传习而来，久行中国。

爰初建寺，因以为名。

”诏书中所提到的“经教”属于A．道教 B．基督教 C．佛教 D．伊斯兰教6、“不慕古，不留今，与时变，与俗化。

”主张这一观点的最有可能是A．法家 B．道家 C．儒家 D．墨家7、公元前后，在下图中这条要道的东西两端各有一个重要的文明古国，它们分别为A．西汉和古罗马帝国 B．唐朝和天竺C．西汉和古希腊 D．元朝和意大利8、当我国处于右图所示的历史时期时，西欧社会正处于A．希腊“古典时代”B．罗马共和国时期C．即将步入中世纪D．文艺复兴时期9、历史上某些时期，国家制度发生重大变化，被称为“大变革”。

下列叙述中不能称为“大变革”的是A．商周之际，属国变为封国 B．三国时代，统一走向分裂C．春秋战国，分封变为郡县 D．清末民初，专制变为共和10、黄仁宇在《中国大历史》中曾说：“7世纪的初唐，是中国专制时代历史上最为灿烂光辉的一页。