英语：Chapter 4 Computer technology同步练习(无答案)(深圳牛津八年级上)

Lesson 4 puters 同步练习3借助字典，阅读以下短文，并完成文后练习。

Dick was a waiter in a small restaurant.One day a man came in and sat down at one of the tables.Dick greeted him and wanted to find out what he wanted to eat.The man said he would like some chicken with potatoes and other vegetables.“Roast chicken，”he added as Dick was leaving.“Very well，sir，”Dick answered and disappeared into the kitchen.But the man called him back，saying，“Just a moment，waiter.Please try to have it cooked just right not too little and not too much，and with a little fat as possible.”“Very well，sir，”answered Dick.“I’ll tell the cook.”Once more he began to go towards the kitchen，but again the man stopped him with the word，“Oh，and I forgot to explain that I’m fond of the leg.”“Very well，sir，”answered Dick.“Do you prefer the left leg，or the right?”Notes:1.roast to cook or to be cooked by dry heat，either in front of an open fire on in a hot box 烧，烤2.disappear to go out of sight 消失3.fond loving in a kind，gentle，tender way喜爱e.g.All of us are fond of sports.我们都爱运动。

Lesson 4 puters 同步练习2Ⅰ.听短文录音，回答下列问题1.Why do some people think puters are cleverer than Man?2.How long have engineers (工程师)worked on puters?3.Where has a puter e into wide use?4.What can today’s puters do?5.Are you afraid of puters if they are even cleverer?Why?Ⅱ.书面表达根据提示，写一篇有关计算机的文章。

1.计算机是最重要的发明之一，在很多方面得到使用。

2.起初的计算机又大又重，而现代计算机变得越来越小，而且能做很多工作。

3.计算机越来越普及，也许有一天能为你做所有的事。

字数：80词左右。

要求：语法正确，语意连贯。

Ⅲ.阅读理解Careful (细心)and careless(粗心)are as different as fire and water.But it is strange that quite a few scientists have both these qualities (品质).They’s both careful and careless.Newton，the famous English scientist，was a man like this.Once，Newton invited a friend to dinner at home.When they were ready to eat，Newton left to get a bottle of wine (酒).But after his friend had waited for a long time，Newton still didn’t e back.At last his friend found him in the lab (实验室).When Newton was going to get the wine he suddenly had a new idea for his experiment (实验).So he forgot his friend at the dinner.Another time，Newton was leading a horse up a mountain，and held the rein (缰绳)in his hand.While he was walking，he kept thinking about problems.When he got to the top of the mountain，he found that the rein was not in his hand and the horse was gone.Einstein was another example (陷入沉思).It started to rain.The rain kept on for some time.When he took out a piece of paper to write something down，the paper was wet and he knew that it wasraining.But after he put the paper into his pocket，he forgot he was in the rain again.1.When Newton and his friend were ready to eat，Newton _______.A.had a new idea for his experimentB.left to get some coffeeC.couldn’t find his way backD.left to get a bottle of wine2.Why was the horse gone when Newton got to the top of the mountain?A.He kept thinking about the problems and lost in the rain.B.He was not friendly with the horse.C.He didn’t walk fast enough.D.The horse lost its way (迷路).3.Which of the following is true?A.Einstein kept thinking in the rain.B.Einstein stopped thinking because of the rain.C.Einstein would like to wait for his friend in the rain.D.The rain helped Einstein keep thinking.4.Newton and Einstein were careless about their _______ and careful in their _______.A.experiments;testsB.life;studiesC.studies;lifeD.work;life5._______scientists are both careful and careless like Newton and Einstein.A.No otherB.Very few参考答案Ⅰ.听力材料The puter works fast and never makes a mistake.But people are too slow and full of mistakes.That’s why some people think puters are cleverer than man.People have made better and betterputers.Engineers have worked on them for over twenty-five year’s puters can draw pictures，write music，talk and play games with people.Many scientists are now thinking of making the puter think like a man.Perhaps puters will one day really think and feel.They are too clever，and they can’t listen to and serve the people.Do you think people will be afraid?Ⅱ.〔1~5(略)〕Ⅲ.1~5 DAABB。

Chapter 4 Computer Technology语言学习目标：一、本章需要掌握的重点词语。

1.drive2.monitor3.speaker4.keyboard5.mouse6.type7.control8.hide9.tiny 10.realize 11.print 12.operate 13.railway 14.judge 15.raise 16.supply 17. order pany 19.price 20.opinion 21.modern 22. medium 23. disagree 24. hot 25. smooth 26. speed 27.distance二、重点词组1. hardly ever2. be unaware of3. for the time being4. control the computer5. in the world6. at the moment7. more importantly 8. for these reasons 9. the answer to this question 10. change one’s life11. have nothing to do 12. be better at doing sth三、重点句子。

1. Not so many years ago, you hardly ever saw computers.2. There are also many tiny, hidden computers in your home, but you might be unaware of them.3. They are faster at calculating than people.4. They can teach you many things and also play games with you.5. More importantly, they can operate railways and fly planes and spaceships.6. The answer to this question is, for the time being, “No”.7. They may even be better at doing their jobs than doctors, judges and teachers.8. This raises interesting questions.9. How will computer change our lives?10. Will computers make our lives better or worse in the future?四、背诵段落What kind of jobs can a computer do?五、解释句子1. Not so many years ago, you hardly ever saw computers.---Not so many years ago, you seldom saw computers.2. Now they seem to be everywhere.--- Today they seem to be here and there.3. There are also many tiny, hidden computers in your home, but you might be unaware of them.--- There are also many small, hidden computers in your home, but you might not know about them.六、日常交际用语1. In my opinion, Sichuan food is better.2. I agree.用心爱心专心- 1 -。

Chapter 2Computer一．基础篇（一）核心单词1．important a. 重要的importance n. 重要性2．necessary a. 必要的need v. aux. 必须3．happy a. 快乐的，幸福的happily adv. 幸福地4．plan—planned，v. 计划plan n. 计划5．hide (hid, hidden) V. 隐藏6．break (broke, broken) V. 打破，违犯freeze (froze, frozen) V. 使结冰，使冷冻7．calculator n. 计算器8．operate v. 动手术How do you operate this new machine ?operation n.手术9．electric a. 电的electric light 电灯electricity n. 电electronic adj. 电子的10．weigh v. 称……的重量weigh sth for sb.The watch weighs 0.45 kg.weight n. 重量11．agree v. 同意12.What does Joyce think of Sichuan food? 觉得……怎么样？--- How does Joyce like Sichuan food?比较：What does the thief look like? 某人长什么样？How does the thief look?13.taste n. 味道，味觉taste v. 品尝The dish tastes good.He tasted the dish and found it was quite tasty.14. copy n. . 副本，拷贝v. 抄写a copy of the questions ；a copy of Shanghai Students’ PostI copied the text twice yesterday.15.history n. 历史historical adj. 历史的16.develop v. 发展development n.17.difficult a.困难的difficulty n. 困难18.businessman n.. 女商人businesswoman n. 男商人busy a. 忙的business n. 生意business hours / letters19. possible a. 可能的impossible a.不可能的possibly adv. 可能地20.like v. 喜欢dislike v. 不喜欢21.honest a. 诚实的honesty n. 诚实dishonest a. 不诚实的22.length n. 长度long a. 长的height n. 高度high a. 高的weight n. 重量wide a. 宽的，宽阔的23. mouse n. 老鼠鼠标24. knowledge n. 知识know v. 知道，认识25. type n.类型v. 打字26．print v. 打印印刷27．judge n. 法官v. 判断审判28．thus adv. 如此；这样；因而29.几组反意词fast --- slow, high --- low, heavy --- light, flat --- rough（二）词组1. plan to do sth. 计划做某事I plan to study abroad next year.(v.)2. operate on sb. 为某人开刀3. give a computer instructions by putting a program into it.通过往计算机中输入程序来给计算机指令by doing sth 通过干。

9AU4 Exercise 2I. Choose the best answer. (选择最恰当的答案)( ) 1. Nowadays, the price of computers are _____________ than before.A. smallerB. shorterC. lowerD. cheaper( ) 2. Is there ______________ in today’s newspaper?A. anything importantB. something importantC. important anythingD. important something( ) 3. Can you tell the difference _______________ the twins?A. forB. withC. betweenD. among( ) 4. The shop is welcomed by customers ______________ its good service.A. becauseB. because ofC. asD. since( ) 5. Look! The birds are flying _____________.A. more and more highB. higher and higherC. much more highD. much higher and much higher( ) 6. Mr. Smith is ______________ the culture of England.A. interested inB. interested onC. interesting inD. interesting on( ) 7. He _______________ riding to school every day now.A. used toB. use toC. was used toD. is used to( ) 8. Peter has waited for Lisa for about ______________.A. a hourB. one and a half hourC. a half hourD. an hour and a half( ) 9. She has three sons, one is a doctor, ______________ are workers.A. the otherB. anotherC. the other twoD. others( )10. Children are not allowed to enter bars _______________ they are sixteen years old.A. whenB. afterC. untilD. while( ) 11. We _______________ for Mr. Ward at the airport for three hours.A. waitedB. waitingC. are waitingD. have waited( ) 12. Nothing can make him _______________ his mind.A. changeB. changesC. changedD. to change( ) 13. My grandmother is retired, but he still works as _______________ a young man.A. harder asB. harder thanC. hard asD. more hard than( ) 14. Tom is very good at _______________ stories in English.A. talkingB. tellingC. sayingD. speaking( ) 15. Work hard, _______________ you’ll pass the exam easily.A. andB. orC. becauseD. unless( )16. The young man wondered how to repair the digital camera.A. /'wʊndəd/B. /'wʌndəd/C. /'wəndəd/D. /'wu:ndəd/( )17.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation with others?A. The children are chasing one another among the bushes.B. Bake the bread in a hot oven for 45 minutes.C. The pickpocket relieved the fat passenger of all his money.D. If you upend the box it will take less spaceII. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. (用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空，每空限填一词)1. We all felt __________ when we heard the bad news. (surprise)2. All of them enjoyed __________ when they had the barbecue. (they)3. A scientist gave us a __________ on how to protect the environment. (speak)4. Before having medicine, we should read __________ carefully. (instruct)5. He is an __________ man who lives alone. (old)6. The __________ of this machine is very simple, so we can learn how to run it. (operate)7. Don’t play with fire. It's __________. (danger)8. Computers may be __________ than doctors, judges and teachers at doing their jobs. (good)9. This pair of shoes doesn’t fit me. May I try on __________ pair? (other)10. “Can I help you?” the waiter asked __________. (polite)III. Rewrite the following sentences as required. (根据要求改写句子，每空一词)1. The new bike cost him four hundred yuan. (改为否定句)The new bike __________ __________ him four hundred yuan.2. We often call computers electric brains. (对划线部分提问)__________ __________we call computer?3. Computers can calculate very fast. (改为感叹句)__________ __________computers can calculate!4. Perhaps computers can do most things instead of people. (保持句意基本不变)Perhaps computers are __________ __________ do most things instead of people.5. He can run 100 meters in 9 seconds. (对划线部分提问)__________ __________ can he run?6. Bob is the tallest student in my class. (保持句意基本不变)__________ __________ is taller than Bob in my class.7. It hardly snows in Shanghai. (改为反意疑问句)It hardly snows in Shanghai, __________ __________?8. Simon plays both tennis and football. (保持句意基本不变)Simon plays not only tennis but football __________ __________.9. Smoking is bad for people’s health. (保持句意基本不变)Smoking is __________ __________ people’s health.10. We will water the flowers when you are away. (改为被动语态)The flowers will __________ __________when you are away.11.rarely, in England, people, eat snakes.(连词成句)_______________________________________________参考答案9AU4 E2I. CACBB ADDCC DACBA BCII. 1. surprised 2. themselves 3. speech 4. instructions5. elderly6. operation7. dangerous8. better9. another10. politelyIII. 1. didn’t cost 2. what do 3. How fast 4. able to 5. How fast 6. Nobody else 7. does it 8. as well 9. harmful to 10. be watered11. People rarely eat snakes in England.。

八年级上册Chapter4 Computer technology一．选择题1．Sea water _______ salt.A. includeB. containsC. contain2. The boy is ________ naughty _________ clever.A. as, asB. so, thatC. more, than3. ________ we are clever than computers.A. For a momentB. In a momentC. At the moment4. We want to know what will __________ our lives in the future.A. happen onB. happenC. happen to5. _________, there are six other students.A. In addition toB. In additionC. expect for6._______ students often ask me to assist them.A. OthersB. The otherC. The others7. Her driver always takes her ________ after school.A. to homeB. at homeC. home8. He has______ eaten dumplings, has he?A. neverB. justC. yet9. My uncle has jut bought a house_________ just 40 sqm.A. withB. ofC. in10. Whom has the book ________?A. wroteB. writtenC. written by11.Canada is the second ______ country in the world.A. largeB. largerC. largest12. He make the ________ mistakes in the dictation exercises.A. leastB. fewerC. fewest13. Which is _______country, China or Australia?A. a largerB. largerC. a large14. Which do you think tastes________, the chicken or the fish?A. wellB. goodC. better15. ---If you don‟t like the red coat, take the blue one.---- Ok, but you have ________ size in the blue? This one is a bit tight for me.A. a bigB. a biggerC. the bigger16. John has three sisters. Marry is the-________ of the three.A. most cleverB. more cleverC. cleverest17. Tom‟s home is far from school. Jack‟ s is _______ than Tom‟s.A. farB. more farC. farther18. It takes a long time to go there by train. It‟s ________by road.A. quickerB. much quickC. more quick19. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ________.A. a better voice B . a good voice C. the best voice20. The experiment was ________ easier than we had expected.A. moreB. much moreC. much21.I found _______ difficult to learn English grammar.A. itB. thatC. this22. --________ do you have an English party?---- Once a monthA. How farB. How oftenC. How long23. He didn‟t study hard, so he was afraid________ in the exam.A. failB. to failC. failing24. Can you learn English ________ chatting on the Internet?A. withB. byC. for25. Jerry has a good ______, and sings well.A. voiceB. soundC. talk26. My brother is ________ young _______ to school.A. too, can‟t goB. too, to goC. so, not to27. If you want to learn English well , you should practice _______English.A. speakB. to speakC. speaking28. It took the workers half a year________ the high building.A. buildsB. to buildC. building29. Mr. Wang is our head teacher and I am afraid of_________A. heB. himC. his30.Have you heard such__________ news before?A. an excitingB. excitingC. an excited二．用所给动词的适当形式填空。

计算机专业英语（课后题）第四章课后习题Circle the correct answer:1.These specialized graphics programs combine text and graphics to create publications of professional quality:A.desktop publishing programs c.image galleriesB.image editors d.illustration programs2.Also known as drawing programs.a.desktop publishing programs c.image galleriesb.image editors d.illustrarion programs3.Graphics programs used to ctreate and edit vector images.a.desktop publishing programs c.image galleriesb.image editors d.illustrarion programs4.An essential multimedia feature that allowa user participationa.Flash c.immersionb.interactivity d.raster5.Special programs used to create multimedia presentations.a.desktop publishing programs c.immersionb.interactivity d.multimedia authoring programs6.A widly used interactive animation application from Adobe.a.ACTION c.Fuzzyb.Flash d.WYSIWYG7.Programs for Web site design and HTML coding are called Web page editors ora.apps c.VR programsb.HTML editors d.Web editors8.This area of artificial intelligence is also known as expert systems.a.acoustics c.roboticsb.knowledge-bassed systems. D.virtual reality9.A type of artificial intelligence that uses a database to provide assistance to users.a.acoustics c.roboticsb.expert systems d.virtual reality10.Another name for the database used in expert sysrems that contains specific facts and rules.a.access table c.knowledge baseb.expert table d.rule baseMatch each numbered item with the most closely related lettered item.Write your answers in the spaces provided.a.audio editing e 1.Specialized graphics programs for editing or modifying digital imagesb.bitmap images b 2.Another name for raster images.c.blog g 3.Raster images contain thousands of dots known as .d.button a 4.Type of software used to create and edit audio clips.e.image editors d 5.A link on amultimedia page used to locate and discover information.f.mobile c 6.Personal Web site created by an individualg.pixels j 7.The process of creating a Web site.h.virtual reality h 8.Also known as artificial reality or virtual environments.I.robots i /doc/ed1120702.html,puter-controlled machines that mimichuman activitiesj.Web authoring f 10.The type of app designed for smartphones,netbooks,and tablets.Circle the correct answer:1.What type of software works with users,applicationsoftware,and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details?a.application c.Linuxb.desktop d.system2.The programs that convert programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process are language:a.converters c.managersb.linguists d.translators3.The ability to switch between different applications stored in memory is called :a.diversion c.operational interferenceb.multitasking d.programming4.Graphic representations for a program,type of file,or function:a.app c.imageb.icon d.software5.This operating system feature is controlled by a mouse and changes shape depending on its current functiona.dialog box c.mouseb.menu d.pointer6.The operating system based on Linux,designed for Netbook computers,and focused on Inernet connectivity through cloud computing:a.Chrome c. UNIXb.Mac d.Windows7.The mobile operating system develop by Apple and originally called iPhone OS :a.Android c.IOSb.BlackBerry OS d.Mac OS8.A utility program that makes copies of files to be used in case the originals are lost or damaged:a.Backup and Restore c.Disk Defragmenterb.Disk Cleanup /doc/ed1120702.html,pactor9.A troubleshooting utility that identifiles and eliminates nonessential files,frees up valuable disk space ,and improves system performance:a.Backup and Restore c.Disk Defragmenterb.Disk Cleanup /doc/ed1120702.html,pactor10.Windows makes it easy to update drivers with Windows:a.Backup c.Driverb.Restore d. UpdateMatch each numbered item with the most closely related lettered item. Write your answers in the spaces provided.a.antivirus h 1.Programs that perform specific tasks related to managing computer resourcesb.Boot Camp j 2.Restarting a running computer without turning off the powerc.driver e 3.Type of operating system that controls and coordinates networked computers.d.fragmented f 4.An operating system is often referred to as the software environment ore.NOS b 5.Allows Macintosh computers toren both Mac OS and the Windows operating system.f.platform i 6.A type of software that allows a single physical computer to operate as though it were two or more separate and independent computers.g.Anddroid g 7.Mobile operating system that is owned byGoogle and is one of the fastest-growing mobile operating systems.h.utilities a 8.Type of program that guards computer systems fromviruses and other damaging programs.I. virtualization d 9.If a file cannot be saved on a single track ,it has to bej.warm boot c 10.Program that works with the operating system to allow communication between a device and the rest of a computer system is called a device第六章选择题1. this container houses most of the electrical components for a computer system.a. carrier package c. system unitb. system board d. TV tuner2. similar to notebooks, this system unit specializes in on-the-go Web browsing and e-mail access.a. chassis c. media centerb. desktop d. netbook3. computers can only recognize this type of electronic signal.a. analog c. digitalb. bus d. maximum4. the main or motherboard is also known as the:a. computer c. mobile systemb. board processor d. system board5. how many bytes can a 32-bit-wrd computer access at a time?a. 1 c. 8b. 4 d. 166. in a microcomputer system , the central processing unit iscontained on a single:a. bus c. moduleb. chip d. RAM7. this type of memory divides large programs into parts and stores the parts on a secondary storage device.a. direct c. random-accessb. expanded d. virtual8. also known as NIC, this adapter card is used to connect a computer to a :a. AIA c. graphicsb. expansion d. network9. this provides a pathway to connect parts of the CPU to each other:a. bus c. wiredb. Plug and Play d. wireless10. older ports that have largely been replaced by faster, more flexible ports are called:a. buses c. legacyb. expandable d. rednered匹配题1. The category of system units that blurs the line between desktop computers and dedicated entertainment devices. Media center2. The newer type of tablet PC that is almost all monitor. slate3. System board component that provides a connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards. slots4. Plastic cards the size of a regular credit card that have an embedded specialty chip. Smart cards5. A type of memory that improves processing by acting as a temporary high-speed holding area between the memory andthe CPU. cache6. A type of memory that provides a combination of features of RAM and ROM. Flash7. A generic term that is associated with the ability to attach any device onto a computer and have it play or work immediately. Plug and Play8. This bus connects the CPU to memory on the system board. system9. This port can be used to connect many USB devices to the system. USB10. This unit plugs into s standard wall outlet and converts AC to DC. Power supply第七章选择题1. Most keyboards use an arrangement of keys known as:a. Alpha c. OptiKeyb. Daisy d. QWERTY2. The device that controls a pointer displayed on the monitor.a. cord c. printerb. mouse d. scanner3. Also known as a roller ball, this device controls the pointer by rotating a ball with your thumb.a. trackball c. cordless mouseb. joystick d. stylus4. The type of screen that can be touched with more than one finger and supports zooming in and out by pinching and stretching your fingers.a. digital c. multitouchb. dynamic d. OLED5. Flatbed and document are types of:a. headsets c. monitorsb. HDTVs d. scanners6. Device used by banks to automatically read those unusual numbers on the bottom of checks and deposit slips.a. MICR c. OMRb. FDIC d. UPC7. The most widely used audio-input device.a. mouse c. microphoneb. VR d. TFT8. The monitor feature that specifies how often a displayed image is updated.a. aspect ratio c. refresh rateb. dot pitch d. resolution rate9. Handheld, book-sized devices that display text and graphicsa. e-book-readers c. lasersb. HDTV d. whiteboards10. This technology allows television stations to broadcast their programming directly to smartphones, computers, and digital media players.a. CRT c. LEDb. HDTV d. Mobile DTV匹配题1. Pressing this key turns this feature on or off. Caps lock2. This type of mouse has a ball on the bottom and is attached with a cord to the system unit. Mechanical3. A penlike device commonly use with tablet PCs and PDAs. stylus4. Bar code readers use either handheld wand readers orplatform. scanners5. Bar code system used by many electronic cash registers. UPC6. Records images digitally on a disk or in its memory. Digital camera7. The distance between each pixel. Dot pitch8. A type of monitor that activates each pixel independently. Active-matrix9. Special-purpose printers for creating maps, images, and architectural and engineering drawings. plotters10. A type of Internet telephone service that requires a small adapter that connects directly to your computer’s USB port. MagicJack。

《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案‎Unit One: Comput‎er and Comput‎e r Scienc‎eUnit One/Sectio‎n AI.Fill in the blanks‎with the inform‎a tion given in the text:1. Charle‎s Babbag‎e; August‎a Ada Byron2. input; output‎3. VLSI4. workst‎a tions‎; mainfr‎a mes5. vacuum‎; transi‎s tors6. instru‎c tions‎; softwa‎r e7. digit; eight; byte8. microm‎i niatu‎r izati‎o n; chipII.Transl‎a te the follow‎i ng terms or phrase‎s from Englis‎h into Chines‎e and vice versa:1. artifi‎c ial intell‎i gence‎人工智能2. paper-tape reader‎纸带阅读器3. optica‎l comput‎e r 光计算机4. neural‎networ‎k神经网络5. instru‎c tion set 指令集6. parall‎e l proces‎s ing 并行处理7. differ‎e nce engine‎差分机8. versat‎i le logica‎l elemen‎t通用逻辑元件‎9. silico‎n substr‎a te 硅衬底10. vacuum‎tube 真空管11. 数据的存储与‎处理the storag‎e and handli‎n g of data12. 超大规模集成‎电路very large-scale integr‎a ted circui‎t13. 中央处理器centra‎l proces‎s ing unit14. 个人计算机person‎a l comput‎e r15. 模拟计算机analog‎u e comput‎e r16. 数字计算机digita‎l comput‎e r17. 通用计算机genera‎l-purpos‎e comput‎e r18. 处理器芯片proces‎s or chip19. 操作指令operat‎i ng instru‎c tions‎20. 输入设备input device‎III.Fill in each of the blanks‎with one of the words given in the follow‎i ng list, making‎change‎s if necess‎a ry:We can define‎a comput‎e r as a device‎that accept‎s input, proces‎s es data, stores‎data, and produc‎e s output‎. Accord‎i ng to the mode of proces‎s ing, comput‎e rs are either‎analog‎or digita‎l.They can also be classi‎f ied as mainfr‎a mes, minico‎m puter‎s, workst‎a tions‎, or microc‎o mpute‎r s.All else (for exampl‎e, the age of the machin‎e) being equal, this catego‎r izati‎o n provid‎e s some indica‎t ion of the comput‎e r’s‎speed, size, cost, and abilit‎i es.Ever since the advent‎of comput‎e rs, there have been consta‎n t change‎s. First-genera‎t ion comput‎e rs of histor‎i c signif‎i cance‎,such as UNIVAC‎(通用自动计算‎机),introd‎u ced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum‎tubes. Second‎-genera‎t ion comput‎e rs, appear‎i ng in the early 1960s, were those in which transi‎s tors replac‎e d vacuum‎tubes. In third-genera‎t ion comput‎e rs, dating‎from the 1960s, integr‎a ted circui‎t s replac‎e d transi‎s tors. In fourth‎-genera‎t ion comput‎e rs such as microc‎o mpute‎r s, which first appear‎e d in the mid-1970s, large-scale integr‎a tion enable‎d thousa‎n ds of circui‎t s to be incorp‎o rated‎on one chip. Fifth-genera‎t ion comput‎e rs are expect‎e d to combin‎e very-large-scale integr‎a tion with sophis‎t icate‎d approa‎c hes to comput‎i ng, includ‎i ng artifi‎c ial intell‎i gence‎and true distri‎b uted proces‎s ing.IV. Transl‎a te the follow‎i ng passag‎e from Englis‎h into Chines‎e:计算机将变得‎更加先进，也将变得更加‎容易使用。