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大学体验英语3期末知识点Unit5-unit8翻译1.为什么人们要在旅行上花费这么多的时间和金钱呢？Why is it that people spend so much time and money on traveling?2.乘飞机旅行又快又安全，难怪是旅行者的首选Traveling by air is quick and safe. No wonder it is a popular choice for travelers3.我们学校的大部分学生都选了网页设计这门课，计算机中心里白天晚上都挤满了人。
Most of the students in my collage have enrolled in the course of web page design and the computer center is always filled with people day and night.4.我一直梦想着朋友遍天下。
多亏了网络，我的梦想终于实现了。
It has always been my dream to have friends all over the world. Thanks to the Internet, my dream has come true.5.网上免费的信息，方便的交流，诱人的游戏，这就是互联网Free information on-line, convenient communication with friends, attractive games, this is what the Internet is all about.1. 他悲叹一声，对我们说他年轻时也曾风光一时。
（with a sigh / have seen a better day）He breathed/heaved a sigh of sorrow and told us that he had seen a better day when he was young.2. 他有极强的责任感，这就是为什么他被选中掌管这个项目。
2020考研英语：翻译之选词5个关键点考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：翻译之选词5个关键点”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯!2020考研英语：翻译之选词5个关键点词汇和句式是语言的重要部分，要做好汉英短文翻译，关键是选择恰当的词汇和句式。
词汇是语言的建筑材料，文章译得好不好，能不能达意，都与选词有密切的关系。
要选好词，须注意以下几点：一、词义要确切应该透彻地掌握词语的确切含义，才能准确无误地表达思想。
每个词都有一定的含义，如果混淆词义，很容易造成用词不当。
二、选词要贴切翻译时选词要注意语境和文章的文体，每个词在上下文中用得恰当、自然、和谐。
英语中有许多同义词，平时要多注意同义词在不同上下文中的用法，因为即使是同义词或近义词在意义或色彩上甚至用法上也不是完全一样的。
三、用词要通俗易懂用词要规范，尽量使用书面语言，少用俚语、生僻词或陈词滥调，以免影响译文效果。
四、用词要简洁有力简洁是为了清晰，译文中多余的词不但不能增强语言的表现力，反而使语言显得累赘。
因此翻译时要避免用词重复罗嗦。
五、选词要多样化用词单一会使语言枯燥无味、苍白无力而选词多样化可以加强语言的表现力，使译文的表达更丰富。
举例来说，“北京是中国的首都，名胜古迹甚多”这句话该怎么译成英文?按照英语表达习惯，在译成英语时要把句中的“是中国首都”处理成次要信息，把这部分当成“北京”的同位语处理，这样就译成：Beijing，the capital of China，has quite many places of historic interest and scenic beauty.过这种手段可以使句子在逻辑和思想上连接起来，一方面突出了重要信息，另一方面也使语言更为紧凑。
【翻译技巧】英汉翻译中的选词技巧选词，即选义择词，贯穿于整个翻译的实际操作过程之中。
这里的“词”指表达某一实体或整体性概念的单词、词组和短语。
“选义”是由人类语言的一词多义现象决定的。
任何一种发展完备的人类语言，其中的大部分词汇都是一词多义。
例如单词charge动词含义有两个，在科技英语的环境下是“充电”，而在日常生活中是“索取（费用）”。
名词通常是指“电流”。
该如何措辞则要看具体语境了。
此外，英语中有一些名词，同时有两个形容词，比如名词sun，它的形容词可以是sunny，也可以是solar，这里就有个辨义和确定词义的问题。
另外，语言使用中还普遍存在着一义多词的现象，即同一意思对应不同的词语。
现代英语中不仅有许多词汇是从古英语演变而来，还有约80%的词汇从外国输入，经过历史变迁，这些词汇并存和融合，使英语一词多义，一义多词的现象特别普遍。
因此译者除了具有辨义这项本领外，还要具备“择词”这方面的技巧。
无论是“选义”，还是“择词”，都离不开具体的语境。
英国翻译理论家纽马克说，没有词是完全孤立的(No word is an island entire to itself.)，词的意义必然受到前后相邻词句的影响。
从词语与语境的关系看，有些词基本不受语境影响(context-free)，如意义相对固定单一的专有名词、科技术语、数量词等；有些词则受语境制约(context-bound)，如那些含有感情色彩、价值判断且意义极为丰富的普通名词、形容词、动词、副词等。
对于这些词语，先利用各种手段确定其意，然后恰当措辞表达。
下面介绍两种确定词义的方法。
一、根据上下文和汉语习惯搭配来确定词义理解原文是整个翻译过程的第一步。
这是最关键、也是最容易出问题的一步。
以下我们通过翻译实例来具体讲解在理解原文的前提下如何根据上下文确定词义：A．意群拆分确定词义：“In short”， a leader of the new school contends，“the scientific revolution，as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerabl e directions.”本句可以分四个意群来确定词义：第一个意群：in short 简言之 school 学派 contend 坚持认为，争辩，讨论第二个意群：the scientific revolution 科学革命（不可译为“科技革命”）as wecall it 所谓的第三个意群：largely 在很大程度上 a series of 一系列 instruments 器具、仪器第四个意群：expand 拓展 reach 影响范围 innumerable 无数的、数不清的 direction 方面Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned， orderly， systematic， and dispassionate manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.本句可以分三个意群来确定词义。
4. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.applaud mirror entail strive consequentlysuppose dly devalueflexibility obligation fulfill1.Taxes are an which may fall on everybody.2. We the authority's decision not to close the hospital.（3. The doctor's instructions must be exactly; the sick man's life depends on it.2.4. Do these opinion polls really what people are thinking?5. I prefer to think of memorization as a stepping-stone to in use of words and phrases.3.6. In her office memos she tended to the work done by her staff.）7. The history of train transport has partly been a history of for greater efficiency and profit.8. He took on the new post without having the faintest idea of what it .9. He is one of the greatest experts in this field.10. Absolute secrecy is essential , the fewer who are aware of the project the better.4.Answer: 1.obligation, 2.applauded, 3.fulfilled, 4.mirror,5.flexibility,6.devalue,7.striving,8.entailed ,9.supposedly , 10.Consequently8. Translate the following sentences into English.1.随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。
选词填空题&翻译1：She didn’t like to discuss her decision to leave the company.她不喜欢讨论她要离开公司的决定2：After the accident it took a long time before she had the confidence to get on a plane again.事故发生之后很长时间，她才有了再次乘坐飞机的信心3：She’s warm-hearted and hardworking ,and I believe she can become an excellent teacher.她热心而且勤奋，我相信她能成为一位优秀的教师4：The poor man is holding down three jobs at the same time in order to support his family. （in order to为了...）这个可怜的人为了养家，同时做着3份工作5：The failure of the international community to deal effectively with the problem has cost thousands of lives.国际社会的失败，有效的处理这个问题影响着成千上万人的生活（deal with the problem 处理，应付）6：I took advantage of the good weather to paint the wall.我利用这个好天气刷墙1：The river was swelling rapidly with the constant rain.一直下雨，河水迅速地涨起来了2：They were leaning forward, facing each other.他们身体前倾，脸对着脸3：We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.我们对于找到这样一座(停留在)原始状态的庙宇感到惊讶4：They fell in love with each other at first sight and got married five weeks later.他们一见钟情的爱上了彼此，五周后就结婚了5：The room was untidy , dusty ,and much used.房间很凌乱，很多灰尘，用过很久了6：I once dreamt of her as an angel with golden wings.我曾梦见她像一个拥有金色翅膀的天使7：Just within the entrance there were piles of horse dung.就在入口有一大堆的马粪8：Dad gave us a lecture about our table manners.父亲给我们讲了关于餐桌礼仪的事情1: At his command, soldiers opened fire.在他的命令下，士兵开火了（mand在...命令下）2: Fred could finish his work in less time if he were more efficient.弗莱德能在更短的时间内完成他的工作，如果他效率更高一些的话3: I don’t feel like going to that party; in addition, I have a bad cold, so I shouldn’t go.我不想去那个聚会，此外，我得重感冒了，所以我不该去4: This showed their love and loyalty to Lenin and the Party he had built.这些显示了他们对列宁及其建设的党的热爱和忠诚5: Christianity, Islam and Buddhism are the great religions of the world.基督教、伊斯兰教和佛教是世界上主要的宗教6: Rice thrives in this hot weather.水稻在这种热天气中生长旺盛1: Bill slept a little until he was awaken to take his turn on guard.比尔睡了一会直到被叫醒去轮流哨兵2: He long for the good old days when teachers were shown respect.他渴望以前那些教师受到尊重的美好时光.3: The President’s absence has given birth to suspicion about his health.总统的缺席让人们产生了对他健康的怀疑4: At the close of trading on the stock market, China Mobile shares were up to $37. 证券市场收市时，中国移动股市是37美元5: Ryan sat on the floor by the fire, with her plate on her lap , and tucked in.瑞安坐在火旁的地板上，她把碟子放在膝盖上.尽情的吃着6: Don’t confuse the means with the ends.不要把原因和结果混淆了7: Left all alone in her room , she was in despair.让她一个留在房间，她很绝望8: Her lip quivered, and tears rolled down her cheeks.她的嘴唇颤抖着，眼泪顺着脸颊滚了下来9: I’d like to take this opportunity to thank you for all your hard work.我想借此机会谢谢你们努力的工作10: Trees and bushes have blossomed with new life at the dawn of a new season. 树和灌木都开花了，新的生命在新的季节的黎明到来了11: How life began on Earth is one of the great mysteries of science.地球上的生命是如何开始的是一个伟大的科学之谜12: His letters reveal a different side of his personality.他的信件暴露了他性格不同的一面。
小议汉译英词语选择的注意事项我们在翻译时，遇到一个具体的词或短语的翻译，首先要解决一个选词的问题，正确选词是保证译文质量的前提。
选词是否恰当，取决于译者对原文的理解能力和对英语的掌握水平。
如果译文是给一般读者看的，就应通俗易懂，句子结构简单一点，尽量少用生僻词汇。
莎士比亚曾说过：“简洁是语言的灵魂。
”因此汉英译文应力求词汇更简洁，句型更简化。
一、根据上下文语境选择词汇确切理解原文词义是正确选词的前提，首先就要求对原文的上下文进行推敲，根据上下文正确理解原文的词义。
我国英语初学者往往易犯逐词死译的毛病，常用的词汇如“抓”“水平”“情况”等，不看上下文的语境如何，一概照搬词典译为“grasp”“level”“condition”。
翻译时要根据汉英词汇中的广义、狭义、具体意义和抽象意义的不同来灵活应用。
如汉语“抓”字狭义指用手抓，例如：“他的手被猫抓了”(His hand was scratched by a cat)；有时可作抽象的意义解，如“抓瞎”(find oneself at a loss)；“做文章要抓住重点”(pay close attention to the focal point)。
将“文化水平”译成“cultural level”，外宾照样看不懂，可译为“educational background(or level)”。
再如“情况”一词，可以根据上下文分别译成“condition”“circumstances”“things”“situation”“state of affairs”等等。
例如：“我们是否出席会议，那要看情况而定。
”可译为：“Whether we attend the meeting or not，that depends.”“如今情况大不相同了，中国的农民也盖起了楼房和别墅。
”可译为：“Things are so different now that Chinese farmers have also built up their own apartments and villas.”“在这种情况下，我们别无它法，只好如此。
英语翻译4 He was a 21-year-old in blue jeans and Nikes, eager to laugh and eager to please, but fierce in his attention to his duties. Every salt and pepper shaker was exactly in its place, not a bread crumb or coffee spill was visible when Stevie got done with the table.4 史蒂维21岁，蓝色牛仔裤，耐克运动鞋，满面笑容，讨人喜爱，极端地敬业。
他收拾好一张餐桌后，盐瓶和胡椒瓶归于原位，丝毫不差，桌面不见一点面包屑、一滴咖啡液。
6 Over time, we learned that he lived with his mother, a widow who was disabled after repeated surgeries for cancer. They lived on their Social Security benefits in public housing two miles from the truck-stop. Their social worker, who stopped to check on him every so often, admitted they had fallen between the cracks. Money was tight, and what I paid him was probably the difference between them being able to live together and Stevie being sent to a group home.6 后来，我们得知史蒂维和母亲一起生活。
他母亲是个寡妇，因患癌症多次经历手术而落下残疾。
母子俩靠社会保险金生活，住在离餐馆两英里以外的廉租房里。
社工人员偶尔登门看望，说他们母子生活着实艰辛贫困。
他们手头拮据，我所付的工资仅能保证母子俩相依为命，史蒂维才不至于沦落到被“集体之家”（为残障人士提供护理的机构）收容。
2 At some stage or the other in our lives, we experience the gnawing pangs of an emotion which defies definition. It's a feeling that can only be felt and not described. An overwhelming joy that comes together with its share of sadness. Love.2 在我们生命中的某个阶段，我们会经历某种难以名状的情感所带来的阵阵折磨。
这种情感只能体会，无法用语言描述。
莫大的喜悦伴随着丝丝的伤感一同降临，这就是爱。
7 Love was a magnificent building I built on the foundation of friendship. It took time to blossom. It took a lot of understanding, loads of sharing and caring, and plenty of affection to become what it is today. And it meant a meeting of minds. You might say that I belong to the traditional school of romance. But in my opinion, love needs to be nurtured. And it has to be distinguished from the intense but short-lived love or the pleasures of the flesh.7 我的爱情是在友谊这块地基上建起的高楼大厦。
爱情经过旷日持久的培养才开花。
我和我的恋人相互理解、同甘共苦、相互关心，投入了丰富的感情，才使爱情发展到今天。
爱情意味着情投意合。
你也许会说，我属于浪漫的传统派。
但是，依我看，爱情需要培养。
我们必须把爱情同强烈而短暂的激情或身体的愉悦区别开来。
6 Another classical view of friendship can be found in the writings of Cicero, an ancient Roman statesman and orator. His writings on ethics, the philosophy of religion and natural law have been infuential. According to Cicero true friendship is only possible between good men. He further defines "the good" as "those whose actions and lives leave no question as to their honor, purity, equity, and liberality; who are free from greed, lust, and violence; and who have the courage of their convictions." The friendship between good men, based on virtue, does offer material benefits, but it does not seek them. Moreover, just as in friendships and relationships, those who possess any superiority must regard themselves as equals of those who are less fortunate, so these latter must not be annoyed at being surpassed in genius, fortune, or rank.6 另一种传统的友谊观可以在古罗马政治家、演说家西塞罗的著作里找到。
西塞罗论述伦理、宗教哲学和自然规律的作品影响广泛。
西塞罗认为，真正的友谊只能在好人之间发生。
他进而将“好人”定义为“那些行为和生活无损于自己的荣誉、纯洁、公平和开明的人；那些摆脱了贪婪、欲念和暴力的人；那些敢于依照自己的信念说话和做事的人。
”好人之间建立的这种友谊立足于美德，它确实可以带来物质利益，但决不以追求物质利益为目标。
而且在处理朋友关系和其它人际关系时，优越于他人的人必须平等地对待那些没那么幸运的人；同样，后者也不能因为对方的天赋、财富、地位在自己之上而恼怒。
18 "I don't mean money, Mitch. I mean your time. Your concern. Your storytelling. It's not so hard. There's a senior center that opened near here. Dozens of elderly people come there every day. If you're a young man or young woman and you have a skill, you are asked to come and teach it. Say you know computers. You come there and teach them computers. You are very welcome there. And they are very grateful. This is how you start to get respect, by offering something that you have.18 “我不是说金钱，米奇。
我说的是，你花时间关心别人，和别人交谈。
这没有那么难。
这附近开了一个老人中心，每天有几十位老人去那里。
如果你年轻，且有一门才艺，你就会受邀来这儿上课。
比如，你懂得计算机，你去那里教他们计算机。
他们非常欢迎你，感激你。
你奉献你有的东西，就这样，你开始赢得尊重。
20 "Remember what I said about finding a meaningful life? I wrote it down, but now I can recite it: Devote yourself to loving others, devote yourself to your community around you, and devote yourself to creating something that gives you purpose and meaning.20 “还记得我曾说过的关于寻找人生意义的那几句话吗？我写下来了，而且现在能背诵：奉献自己，关爱他人；奉献自己，为社区作贡献；奉献自己，营造有目的、有意义的人生。
5 "But having finished the day's work, what do you do with those other eight hours — the other third of your life? Let's say you go home to your family. What sort of family are you raising? Will the children ever be exposed to a reasonably penetrating idea at home? We all think of ourselves as citizens of a great democracy. Democracies can exist, however, only as long as they remain intellectually alive. Will you be presiding over a family that maintains some basic contact with the great continuity of democratic intellect? Will there be a book in the house? Will there be a painting a reasonably sensitive man can look at without shuddering? Will your family be able to speak English and to talk about an idea? Will the kids ever get to hear Bach?"5 “然而在完成每天的工作之后，你如何打发另外8个小时，也就是你生命中的另外三分之一的光阴？比如，你回到家里，和家人待在一起。
