Unit 10 How to Live in the 21st Century

The 21st century has begun. What changes do you think this new century will bring？Use examples and details in your answer. You should write at least 250 words.Model Answer 1:As we have already stepped into the 21st century, it is inevitably true that enormous changes like advances in technology, heath care, and transportation will be visibly experienced. This essay will highlight the beneficial growth in our health sector and transport system that is possible to be made available in the new generation. Development in the health care willbe greatly observed in this century. First of all, the diagnosis of severe diseases will be straight-forward as a consequence of the presence of high technological apparatuses and innovative devices. Secondly, rehabilitation and cure to deadly illnesses will be less complicated, this is due to the constant research of the professionals like the medical team and scientists on the treatment like medicines, effective exercise, and healthy eating. Lastly, the percentage of deaths of the human beings will significantly decrease and therefore, the quality of life will enhance and chances of people to live longer will gradually rise. Another noticeabletrend that we can look forward to in this era is the technological approach to transportation. Faster and more reliable transport system will be made available to the public at a cheaper price. Hence, people all over the world can step foot to the different diversity of each country close to a blink of an eye. A good example is the constant competition of the airline companies, therefore, decreasing their price range or offering a more reasonable package holidays to the mass public. In conclusion, there are several advantages that human beings will experience in the 21st century. Through vigorous experiments and knowledge learnt from the previous generations, peoplemay expect a more convenient life such as able to live a longer and healthier as well travelling will less financial worry.Model Answer 2:The new century comes with a different technology, inventions, political and social changes and also brings the new brutality in human history and the 21st century has already brought many changes in the world and human lives and certainly there are yet more changes to come. First of all, the technological changes and updates would become more frequent and the use of the internet, cell phone and computerswould become widespread. Even in very remote areas people would use these technological advances and that would both positively and negatively affect their lifestyle. Second, the religious fanaticism would diminish and except few fanatic people, most other would live a life where religion would bring little conflicts. Third, the improvements in genetic engineering and medical science would improve the way of people live as it would eradicate many deadly diseases. However, the history suggests that new devastating diseases would emerge without any cure. Fourth, the conflict among nations would become more economic than the doctrineand politics. The world would be divided in terms of capitalism and socialism and new political dogma would appear in many countries.Fifth, People would learn more about the outer space as the experiment and scientific research on outer space are going on more steadily than ever. Sixth, the nuclear power would replace the traditional power sources and at the same time many countries would possess the nuclear power and that would always be a threat to the world. I would not be surprised if nuclear war takes place in this century and destroy a great number of countries. Then people would explorethe sea resources as the land resources would be less in number and that would be a great new source for people.In conclusion, the world would have newer technologies and a better life expectation in this century while the political conflict would arise and that might lead to destruction. At the same time, people would learn more about the outer space and sea resources more than ever.Model Answer 3:There is no doubt that 21st century will bring extremely advanced and innovative changes,related to almost every field and it will help the human being to raise the standard of their lives. What kind of changes are expected, it will be discussed in following paragraphs.To begin with, one must acknowledge that 21st century is a technologically advanced century. Inventors are doing extremely tremendous research work to make the new inventions come into existence, which will ultimately lead to a sophisticated life for the human.Advancement in the things, which someone can use in their daily life, can be seen, for instance, gadgets and equipment, to make our work morereliable and accurate .Apart from this ,exploration in the space related programs is also possible ,which will ultimately help the human to protect the mankind as well as earth as such discoveries will be helpful to explore more about the universe and they may be able to predict about the upcoming danger or helps us to prevent them. Furthermore, in future, adequate medical facilities will be there as day by day new inventions related to medical field are coming into existence, remedies for diseases, which are incurable in the present scenario, might be possible in future.To recapitulate it can be stated that in upcoming few years human will be blessed with adequate facilities, which definitely will make their lives quite easier, due to advanced technology.Model Answer 4:Man, through the ages, has undergone many changes from the time when he depicted a herd of mammoths on the walls of his cave to these days when he can create beautiful pictures and even make coffee by use of computer technologies without leaving his favourite chair. The 20th century made huge steps in developing computer technologies and reachedmany goals that made our life much easier. What should we expect in the 21st century?First of all, I think that the pace of our life will speed up: we will move faster from one place to another, from one continent to another using high-speed jet aeroplanes. Second of all, I believe that we will be able to do many things that take much time now without leaving our house. Computers will be everywhere including out clothes. Many people will have chips and mini computers inserted in their heads to hold a huge amount of information and have a quick access to it.But what will be the most amazing thing in the 21st century is the flights to the outer space and Mars that will be available to all people. Scientists say that Mars has many things similar to the Earth's. Moreover, they say that with the help of modern technology people can artificially create conditions that will allow people to live there on the constant basis.Apart from that, Computers would become more powerful and they will have superior artificial intelligence. We will have robots to do the hazardous works like mining and outer space research. Surprisingly, e-commercewould be in more convenient form and most of the people will purchase online rather than going to shops in person. In the field of education and jobs, dramatic changes would happen. Online learning and freelancing would be very popular and people would be able to earn almost all of their desired degree and diploma staying at home. Finally, the cure for many deadly diseases would be invented and yet new diseases may spread to cause some deadly catastrophic results. To sum up, I am sure that many amazing changes will be brought by the 21st century. Furthermore, I think that with the help of the contemporary technologies peoplecan do many things that were even difficult to imagine a century ago. So, nowadays it is rather difficult and even impossible to imagine all changes that will happen in the next decades.Model Answer 5:Essay Topic: Present a written argument to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic: The 21st century has begun. What changes do you think this new century will bring?Use examples and details in your answer. Answer 5: The beginning of a new era, 21stcentury, brings the question to anyone's mind "whether it is the beginning of a great shift?" Well, in my opinion, the changes will definitely bring a revolution to the mankind. As the world is progressing towards the new and sophisticated technologies and inventions, our lives are becoming easier and more relaxed. The mode of communication is faster and cheaper as compared to early times. In a fraction of a second, information can be transferred to the distant part of the world. All thanks go to the user-friendly applications, like the email feature, that are being invented for the welfare of mankind. In this new century, communicationwould be free of charge and more interactive. Secondly, the technology in this century will improve the quality of health care facilities given to an individual beyond expectations. The health care professionals will be more qualified and adept. Due to the advancement of the research facilities, many deadly diseases will be eradicated. The quality of life would be significantly better and our lifespan would increase. Finally, space research in this century would unfurl some answers we have been seeking for a long. Maybe at the end of this century human would be ready to live on another planet. But all these improvement andmarvel would not come without the cost. There is no doubt that human would become somewhat slaves in the hand of technology. Their personal lives would be greatly affected by the over usage of technology. More powerful weapons and the threat of nuclear war would be a great concern for the world population in this century. To conclude, this era would bring many marvellous discoveries to our life but at the same time, the perils of nuclear war would be a great anxiety for peace lovers all around the world.。

21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册单元10课文及词汇讲解21世纪大学英语读写教程第4册单元10课文及词汇讲解导语：任何长于十五分钟的演讲似乎都是乏味的，如果不是完全没有意义的话，下面是作者在毕业演讲上相对年轻人说的话，欢迎大家来阅读。

My Graduation SpeechNeil PostmanAuthor's Note: Having sat through two dozen or so graduation speeches, I have naturally wondered why they are so often so bad. One reason, of course, is that the speakers are chosen for their eminence in some field, and not because they are either competent speakers or gifted writers. Another reason is that the audience is eager to be done with all the ceremony so that it can proceed to some serious reveling. Thus any speech longer than, say, fifteen minutes will seem tedious, if not entirely pointless. There are other reasons as well, including the difficulty of saying something inspirational without being banal. Here I try my hand at writing a graduation speech, and not merely to discover if I can conquer the form. This is precisely what I would like to say to young people if I had their attention for a few minutes.If you think my graduation speech is good, I hereby grant you permission to use it, without further approval from or credit to me, should you be in an appropriate situation.Members of the faculty, parents, guests and graduates, have no fear. I am well aware that on a day of such high excitement, what you require, first and foremost, of any speaker is brevity. I shall not fail you in this respect. There are exactly eighty-five sentences in my speech, four of which you have just heard. It willtake me about twelve minutes to speak all of them and I must tell you that such economy was not easy for me to arrange, because I have chosen as my to///picplex subject of your ancestors. Not, of course, your biological ancestors, about whomI know nothing, but your spiritual ancestors, about whom I knowa little. To be specific, I want to tell you about two groups of people whose influence is still with us. They were very different from each other, representing opposite values and traditions. I think it is appropriate for you to be reminded of them on this day because, sooner than you know, you must align yourself with the spirit of one or the other.The first group lived about 2,500 years ago in the place we now call Greece, in a city they called Athens. We do not know as much about their origins as we would like. But we do know a great deal about their accomplishments. They were, for example, the first people to develop a complete alphabet, and therefore they became the first truly literate population on earth. They invented the idea of political democracy, which they practiced with a vigor that puts us to shame. They invented what we call philosophy. And they also invented what we call science, and one of them—Democritus by name—conceived of the atomic theory of matter 2,300 years before it occurred to any modern scientist. They composed and sang epic poems of unsurpassed beauty and insight. And they wrote and performed plays that, almost three millennia later, still have the power to make audiences laugh and weep. They even invented what, today, we call the Olympics, and among their values none stood higher than that in all things one should strive for excellence. They believed in reason. They believed in beauty. They believed in moderation. And they invented the word and idea which we know today as ecology.About 2,000 years ago, the vitality of their culture declined and these people began to disappear. But not what they had created. Their imagination, art, politics, literature, and language spread all over the world so that, today, it is hardly possible to speak on any subject without repeating what some Athenian said on the matter 2,500 years ago.The second group of people lived in the place we now call Germany, and flourished about 1,700 years ago. We call them the Visigoths, and you may remember that your sixth-or seventh-grade teacher mentioned them. They were spectacularly good horsemen, which is about the only pleasant thing history can say of them. They were marauders—ruthless and brutal. Their language lacked subtlety and depth. Their art was crude and even grotesque. They swept down through Europe destroying everything in their path, and they overran the Roman Empire. There was nothing a Visigoth like better than to burn a book, desecrate a building, or smash a work of art. From the Visigoths, we have no poetry, no theater, no logic, no science, no humane politics.Like the Athenians, the Visigoths also disappeared, but not before they had ushered in the period known as the Dark Ages. It took Europe almost a thousand years to recover from the Visigoths.Now, the point I want to make is that the Athenians and the Visigoths still survive, and they do so through us and the ways in which we conduct our lives. All around us—in this hall, in this community, in our city—there are people whose way of looking at the world reflects the way of the Athenians, and there are people whose way is the way of the Visigoths. I do not mean, of course, that our modern—day Athenians roam abstractlythrough the streets reciting poetry and philosophy, or that the modern-day Visigoths are killers. I mean that to be an Athenian or a Visigoth is to organize your life around a set of values. An Athenian is an idea. And a Visigoth is an idea. Let me tell you briefly what these ideas consist of.To be an Athenian is to hold knowledge and, especially, the quest for knowledge in high esteem. To contemplate, to reason, to experiment, to question—these are, to an Athenian, the most exalted activities a person can perform. To a Visigoth, the quest for knowledge is useless unless it can help you to earn money or to gain power over other people.To be an Athenian is to cherish language because you believe it to be humankind's most precious gift. In their use of language, Athenians strive for grace, precision, and variety. And they admire those who can achieve such skill. To a Visigoth, one word is as good as another, one sentence indistinguishable from another. A Visigoth's language aspires to nothing higher than the cliche.To be an Athenian is to understand that the thread which hold civilized society together is thin and vulnerable; therefore, Athenians place great value on tradition, social restraint, and continuity. To an Athenian, bad manners are acts of violence against the social order. The modern Visigoth cares very little about any of this. The Visigoths think of themselves as the center of the universe. Tradition exists for their own convenience, good manners are an affectation and a burden, and history is merely what is in yesterday's paper.To be an Athenian is to take interest in public affairs and the improvement of public behavior. Indeed, the ancient Athenians had a word for people who did not. The word was idiotes, from which we get our word idiot. A modern Visigoth is interested onlyin his own affairs and has no sense of the meaning of community.And, finally, to be an Athenian is to esteem the discipline, skill, and taste that are required to produce enduring art. Therefore, in approaching a work of art, Athenians prepare their imagination through learning and experience. T o a Visigoth, there is no measure of artistic excellence except popularity. What catches the fancy of the multitude is good. No other standard is respected or even acknowledged by the Visigoth.Now, it must be obvious what all this has to do with you. Eventually, like the rest of us, you must be on one side or the other. You must be an Athenian or a Visigoth. Of course, it is much harder to be an Athenian, for you must learn how to be one, you must work at being one, whereas we are all, in a way, natural-born Visigoths. That is why there are so many more Visigoths than Athenians. And I must tell you that you do not become an Athenian merely by attending school or accumulating degrees. My father-in-law was one of the most committed Athenians I have ever known, and he spent his entire adult life as a dress cutter on Seventh Avenue in New York City. On the other hand, I have known physicians, lawyers, and engineers who are Visigoths of unmistakable persuasion. And I must also tell you, as much in sorrow as in shame, that at some of our great universities, perhaps even this one, there are professors of whom we may fairly say they are closet Visigoths. And yet, you must not doubt for a moment that a school, after all, is essentially an Athenian idea. There is a direct link between the cultural achievements of Athens and what the faculty of this university is all about. I have no difficulty imagining that Plato, Aristotle, or Democritus would be quite at home in our classrooms. A Visigoth would merely scrawl obscenities on the wall.And so, whether you were aware of it or not, the purpose of your having been at this university was to give you a glimpse of the Athenian way, to interest you in the Athenian way. We cannot know on this day how many of you will choose the way and how many will not. You are young and it is not given to us to see your future. But I will tell you this, with which I will close: I can wish for you no higher compliment than that in the future it will be reported that among your graduating class the Athenians mightily outnumbered the Visigoths.Thank you, and congratulations.New Wordseminencen. superiority in rank, position, achievement, etc. 出众，卓越revelvi. make merry; celebrate noisily 作乐;狂欢tediousa. long and boring; uninteresting 冗长的;乏味的pointlessa. without meaning or purpose 无意义的;无目的的inspirationala. of or giving inspiration 有灵感的;给予灵感的;鼓舞人心的inspirationn. 灵感;鼓舞人心的人(或事物)banala. dull or unoriginal 陈腐的，老一套的herebyad. by doing or saying this; as a result of this 据此;因此permissionn. consent; authorization 同意;许可permissablea. 可允许的，许可的foremostad. in the first place; before all else 首先;首要地ancestorn. any (esp. remote) person from whom one is descended 祖先，祖宗spirituala. of or concerning the spirit as opposed to matter 精神上的alignv. come, bring or arrange into a line (使)成一直线literatea. able to read and write; having studied or read a great deal 有读写能力的;有文化修养的vigorn. great physical or mental strength 精力，活力vigorousa. full of vigor; showing physical strength or activity 精力旺盛的;充满活力的epicn. a long poem about the deeds of gods and great men, or the early history of a nation 叙事长诗;史诗unsurpasseda. unexcelled, not capable of being improved on 未被超越的;超群的，卓绝的moderationn. avoidance of excesses or extremes; the ability or quality of keeping one's desires within reasonable limits 适度;节制ecologyn. the branch of biology dealing with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings 生态学flourishvi. grow vigorously; prosper; be in one's prime 繁荣;兴旺;处于旺盛时期spectacularlyad. in a spectacular manner, stunningly 引人注目地;令人吃惊地spectaculara. grandly out of the ordinary; striking or amazing 壮观的;令人称奇的horsemann. a rider on horseback; a skilled rider 骑马的人;骑手maraudern. a person or animal that goes about searching for things to steal, people to attack, etc. (尤指流动作案的)强盗，抢劫者;攫食的动物ruthlessa. having no pity or compassion 无情的;残忍的brutala. having or showing no tender human feeling; cruel 残忍的;野蛮的;残酷的subtletyn. the quality or condition of being subtle; the ability or tendency to make fine distinctions 微妙;细微;细致;精细crudea. rough, unpolished; not skillfully done or finished 粗糙的;不精细的grotesquea. strange and unnatural so as to arouse fear or laughter 奇形怪状的;怪诞的;可笑的overrunvt. spread over; conquer (territory) by force 蔓延;侵占desecratevt. violate (a sacred place or thing) with violence; treat as not sacred 玷辱(神明);亵渎ushervt. bring, esp. by showing the way 引，领roamv. wander with no special plan or purpose 漫游;闲逛abstractlyad. in an abstract state or manner; without any particular aim or purpose 抽象地;无明确目的地brieflyad. in a concise manner; for a short time 简要地;短暂地esteemn. high regard; favorable opinion 尊重;好评vt. have a high regard for; greatly respect; think favorably of 尊重;敬重;赞成exalteda. elevated in rank, position, etc.; noble, lofty (地位等)高的，崇高的;尊贵的，高尚的exaltvt. raise in status or power, etc.; praise highly 提升;晋升;赞扬humankindn. human beings collectively 人类precisionn. the quality of being precise; exactness 精确;准确precisea. exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc. 精确的，准确的indistinguishablea. that cannot be distinguished as being different or separate 难以分辩的.; 难以区别的aspirevi. desire strongly to achieve sth.; have ambition for sth. 渴望;追求;有雄心aspirationn. (a) strong desire to do sth. or have sth., esp. sth. great or important 强烈愿望，热望;志向，抱负clichen. a familiar phrase or expression used so often that it has lost much of its expressive force 陈词滥调;老生常谈vulnerablea. weak; easily hurt or attacked 脆弱的;易受伤的;易受攻击的restraintn. controls or limitations; things that prevent one from doing sth. 克制;约束continuityn. the state of being continuous 连续性;连贯性continuala. going on without stopping; happening over and over again 持续不断的;频繁的affectationn. artificial behavior meant to impress others; a feeling or manner that is pretended 不自然的行为;矫揉造作idiotesn. (Gk) a person who is not in the public eye; an ignorant person 平庸的人;无知的人idiotn. a foolish or stupid person 白痴;傻瓜popularityn. the state or quality of being well liked, favored, or admired 普遍;流行;受欢迎natural-borna. 天生的cuttern. a worker whose job is cutting cloth, glass, stone, etc. (服装)剪裁师;玻璃切割工;凿石工avenuen. a road or way bordered with trees; a street, esp. a wide, principal one that runs at right angles to others called streets 林阴道;大街persuasionn. the act of persuading; the state of being persuaded; a group of people holding a particular belief 劝说;说服;持有某种信仰的宗派closeta. private; secret 私下的;秘密的n. a small room or cupboard for clothes, etc.; a small, private room for reading, meditation, etc. 壁橱;储藏室;小房间(阅读、沉思用)scrawlvt. write, draw or mark hastily or carelessly 乱写;乱画;乱涂obscenityn. the state of being obscene; obscene word or act 淫秽，猥亵;猥亵淫秽的话(或行为)obscenea. indecent, disgusting (usu. about sex) 淫秽的，猥亵的glimpsen. & v. (have) a brief, quick look (at) 一瞥，一看mightilyad. with power or strength; greatly 有力地;强烈地;大大地outnumbervt. exceed in number 数目超过;比…多Phrases and Expressionssit throughremain seated until the end of; be present at 一直坐到…结束;出席be/have done withhave finished with; be finished with 结束;完毕first and foremostmost importantly; above all else 最重要的;首先align oneself with sb.join sb. as an ally; come into agreement with sb. 与某人结盟;与某人一致put...to shamecause shame to (sb./sth.); show (sb./sth.) to be inferior by comparison 使(某人/某事)蒙羞;使(某人/某事)相形见绌sweep downmove steadily with great force or speed 席卷;突袭usher inintroduce or mark the beginning of a new period, fashion, generation, etc. 引进(新时期、新一代等);标志着(新时期、新时尚、新一代)的开始known asgenerally recognized as; called or labeled as 公认为;被称为hold...in high esteemhave a very favorable opinion of; show great respect to 给…以好评;对…非常尊敬aspire todesire strongly to achieve (sth.); have ambition for (sth.) 渴望取得;对…抱有雄心take interest inbe keen to know more about (sth.) or be involved in (it) 对…感兴趣catch the fancy of sb./sb.'s fancyplease sb.; appeal to sb. 合某人的心意;吸引某人have to do withbe connected with; be related to 与…有联系;与…有关at homeat ease as if in one's own home; familiar 自在;无拘无束;熟悉Proper NamesNeil Postman尼尔·波斯特曼Greece希腊(欧洲巴尔干半岛南部国家)Athens雅典(希腊首都)Democritus德谟克利特(460—370 BC，古希腊唯物主义哲学家，原子论创始人之一)Athenian雅典人Visigoth西哥特人(公元5世纪后入侵罗马帝国并在法国和西班牙建立王国的条顿族人)the Dark Ages黑暗时代(公元5世纪至11世纪，欧洲中世纪的早期)Plato柏拉图(427—347 BC，古希腊哲学家)Aristotle亚里士多德(384—322 BC，古希腊哲学家和科学家，柏拉图的学生)。

大学英语四级作文范文10篇一TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofLivinginthe21stcentury(生活在21世纪的优缺点) Livinginthe21stcenturyofferscertainadvantages,suchasahigherstandardofliving,butitalsohassomedisadvante.environment;airisfilledwithsmogandwateriscontaminatedbyiehemicalsfromfactories.Anothermaindisadvanta geisthepersonalizationofhumanrelattonshipswhic hmostlyresultfrompeople’sever-increasingcontactwithmac hinesandnumbers.Stillonemoredisadvantageistheweakeningofspiritualvalues.Anundeniablefactisthatalarge numberofpeoplearesolelyinterestedinmaterialisticculture,whileneglectingspiritualcivilization.Limitedbyspace ,wehavetoskiptheexamples.Inconclusion,althoughthe21stcenturyhasindeedgivenusalotofadvantages,itmaynothavemadeuswiser,becau seithasalsomadeourearthdirtier,ourpeoplelesshumane,andourspiritualiiifepoorer,Weshpuldcontinuetoenjoyt hebenefitsoftechnologicaladvancement,however,wemustmakeaconcertedefforttopreserveournaturalenvironmentforfuturegenerations.Moreover,weshouldtaket二者).Inshort,tobearesponsiblecitizen,wemustputourcountry’swelfareaboveourownneeds.Finally,wemustrem emberthatwehavearesponsibilitytotheworldwelivein.Itisimportantthatwelearntoliveinpeacewiththeothernatio nsoftheworldandtoprotectourenvironment.Ifwecarryouttheseresponsibilities,wewillberespected(受尊敬的)citizensofourcountry.三如何看待挑战Forthousandsofyears,peoplehaveacceptedchallengesindifferentfields.Therearenotonlyphysicalchallenges, butalsosocialandintellectual(聪明的)challenges.Somepeoplerisk(冒…险)theirlivesinplayingsportstoseehowwelltheycando.Otherstrytomakeandinvent(发明四1.2.3.我的看法。

21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册单元10课文介绍21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册单元10课文介绍导语：技术的快速发展正在像其他领域一样影响着教育，未来的30年会有什么样的技术影响21世纪的教育呢，下面YJBYS小编带来一篇关于这方面的21世纪大学英语课文，欢迎大家前来学习。

Pre-reading ActivitiesFirst Listening1. Rapid advances in technology are affecting education just like every other field. Have a look at this list of products and services that students of the future will have, and imagine what each one does. Then, as you listen to the tape, circle the products and services that you hear the students talk about.cyberbooks virtual classes automatic essay generators remote-control pencils Knowledge Transplant Centers Second Listening2. What other technological advances do you imagine will affect education in the 21st century? What about other aspects of human life and civilization?The Next 30 yearsEdward CornishIn less than three years the world will reach the outstanding year 2000, and in less than four —on January 1, 2001, to be precise — a new millennium will begin. I am encouraged to offer my personal view of what is likely to happen in the next 30 years — a view that is heavily influenced by years of reading articles and books about the future.To begin with, the next 30 years will almost certainly bring us incredible new achievements. The problems and dangers now facing the world are, in my judgement, far outweighed bysolutions and opportunities. It is true enough that humans have an extraordinary genius for making mistakes, but it is balanced by our strong tendency to notice and correct them.Rising Living StandardsThe trends indicate that humans will be better off economically 30 years from now than they are today. Hundreds of millions of people will live in homes that will seem like palaces to their parents and grandparents. At the same time, brought together by telecommunications, people around the world will work together more efficiently than ever before. Expertise will flow easily and cheaply to places where it is needed. Computers and cellular phones will become commonplaces.Thanks to genetic engineering, plants will grow bigger, mature faster, need less fertilizer, and resist insects and diseases. New materials will permit improvements in products ranging from refrigerators to automobiles; roofs may rarely need repairs; stockings and underwear may not wear out during the owner's lifetime.Living to Be 200 Years OldLife expectancy will rise around the world, creating a rapidly growing proportion of old people in the population, as well as the age of the oldest humans —now above 120 years. Rapid progress in biotechnology suggests that breakthroughs may occur that will enable medical science to slow or reverse the aging process. This could mean that many people born in the next 30 years may live to be 200, 300, or more years old.Increased life expectancy has some serious drawbacks, however. As people get older, more will find themselves disabled. Happily, increasingly sophisticated medicines and devices to assist the ill and disabled will become available in the comingdecades. Researchers are finding ways to prevent and even partially cure blindness, deafness, muscular deterioration, and other problems connected with aging. This means that increasing numbers of people will be able to work and support themselves for years beyond the typical retirement age of 65.The Global VillageThe nations of the world will become more tightly integrated because of rapidly improving telecommunications and transportation. A global culture will develop rapidly and take its pick of clothing styles, foods, drinks, games, sports and customs from countries everywhere.A network of superhighways will link up the nations of Asia, Europe, and Africa. Engineers are already talking enthusiastically about a tunnel under the Mediterranean at Gibraltar to link Europe with Africa. And superhighways across the Eurasian land mass will allow residents of Shanghai and Hong Kong to drive comfortably and rapidly to destinations like Paris, Rome, and Stockholm. Travelers in a hurry will, of course, still prefer to fly, especially over long distances. Space-planes should be in service within the next 20 years, making flights from Tokyo to New York in only a couple of hours.Humans Colonize SpaceWe will push the frontiers of human settlement in all directions. The Moon will acquire its first permanent base, and the human population living in space will rise steadily, as manufacturing develops aboard spacecraft and the resources of other planets are explored. Meanwhile, advancing technology will also solve many of the problems of living and working in unfriendly environments on Earth, so the population of Antarctica and the Polar Regions will climb steadily. Theforbidding Himalayas may experience a development boom, including, perhaps, luxury hotels for tourists.The pace of ocean development will speed up as seaside nations increasingly assert their ownership of the resources off their shores. Ocean farming will become increasingly attractive as food prices rise. Studies have shown that the biological productivity of the ocean can be greatly increased by adding certain chemicals.Future Dangers and ProblemsThe 21st century will be a century of fantastic achievement, but it may be accompanied by horrors on an unheard-of scale, as was the 20th century with its world wars and atomic bombs. The biggest single cloud hanging over the next 30 years is violence — crime, terrorism, and war. The Cold War is over, but hot wars on a smaller scale must be expected. In addition, nuclear weapons may be used by terrorists.The world's growing population and intensifying economic activity are increasingly destroying forests and polluting land, water, and air. Successful programs for reducing air pollution in many cities and restoring forests in many areas have demonstrated that environmental destruction is not irreversible, but the job will take great effort on a global scale.Unfortunately, the steady rise in world population makes it likely that, for the world as a whole, environmental conditions will continue to worsen for some years to come. Though a number of precious animal species such as pandas may be preserved, thousands upon thousands of others will almost certainly perish during the next 50 years as their habitats shrink.If we cannot look forward to a peaceful, problem-free future, we can at least comfort ourselves with the realization that it willprobably be the best period of history we humans have ever experienced.New Wordsprecisea. 1. exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc. 精确的2. particular; exact; very 恰好的3. sharply clear 极清楚的millenniumn. a period of 1,000 years 一千年，千年期outweighvt. 1. be greater in value or importance than 在价值(或重要性、影响等)上超过2. be greater in weight 在重量上超过grandparentn. the parent of sb.'s father or mother 祖父或祖母;外祖父或外祖母*telecommunicationn. 电信，远距离通信efficientlyad. in a way that works very well and without waste 效率高地;能胜任地cellulara. of a telephone system that works by radio 蜂窝移动电话系统的*commonplacen. things frequently seen, not anything special 寻常的事物，常见的事物a. 平凡的，普通的engineeringn. the science or profession of an engineer 工程学;工程师行业fertilizern. a natural or chemical substance to help plants grow well 肥料refrigeratorn. 冰箱rarelyad. seldom 很少，难得underwearn. 内衣expectancyn. 期望;预期;(根据概率统计求得的)预期数额life expectancy预期寿命proportionn. 1. (of) the relative amounts, sizes, etc., of two or more things 比例，比2. (of) a part or share of a whole 部分;份额proportional1. (of) in proportion 成比例的2. concerning proportion 比例(上)的biotechnologyn. 生物工艺学(把工艺技术应用于生物科学，如生物工程)*breakthroughn. 突破;突破性进展;重大成就，关键问题的解决enablevt. make able; make possible 使能够，使可能sophisticateda. 1. refined and advanced 高级的，尖端的2. having or showing a lot of experience of the world and social situations 老于世故的V. (in, with) help 帮助，帮忙*musculara. 1. 肌肉的2. 肌肉发达的，强健的deteriorationn. 退化;恶化;变坏*deterioratevi. become worse 变坏;恶化;退化retirementn. the condition of stopping working because of old age 退休，退职integratevt. (with, into) combine (parts) into a whole 使结合;使成一体networkn. 1. a large system of lines, tubes, wires, etc. that cross or meet one another 网状系统2. 广播网;电视网;广播(或电视)联播公司superhighwayn. 超级(高速)公路tunneln. 隧道，地道residentn. a person who lives (in a place) and is not just a visitor 居民*residentiala. (of part of a town) consisting of private houses, without offices or factories (市镇的)居住的，住宅区的residencen. the place where one lives; a house, esp. a large important one 住所;住宅;公馆vi. to have one's home 居住destinationn. a place to which sb. or sth. is going or is being sent 目的地，终点space-planen. 宇宙飞机colonize, -isevt. 在…开拓殖民地frontiern. 边境，边界;边疆(the～)(美)(靠近未开发地带的)开发地区边缘;边远地区settlementn. 1. 定居;移民，殖民2. 殖民地;居留地permanenta. lasting for a long time or forever 持久的;永久的aboardprep. on or into (a ship, aircraft, train, bus, etc.) 在(船、飞机、车)上，上(船、飞机、车)spacecraftn. a vehicle able to travel in space 宇宙飞船boomn. (a period of) sudden growth or prosperity 迅速发展(期);繁荣(期)*assertvt. 1. state or declare forcefully and clearly 断言;坚持说;宣称2. show, esp. forcefully, the existence of 有力地表明;明示ownershipn. the right of having sth. as one's property 所有权*productivityn. the rate or efficiency of producing; the ability to produce things生产率;生产力fantastica. 1. wonderful, great 了不起的，极好的2. extraordinary 异乎寻常的3. (of an idea, plan, etc.) too unrealistic to be practical or reasonable 幻想的，异想天开的fantasyn. imagination; sth. one imagines but is unlikely to happen 想象;幻想;想象的事物atomica. 原子(能)的.atomn. 原子bombn. 炸弹vt. 轰炸，投弹于terrorismn. 恐怖主义;恐怖行为terroristn. 恐怖分子;暴徒*intensifyv. (cause to) become more intense 加强;增强;强化pandan. (大)熊猫，(大)猫熊preservevt. (from) keep (sth.) safe; prolong the lifetime or existence of (sth.) 保护;保存，保藏*perishvi. 1. be completely destroyed 被摧毁，毁灭;消亡2. die as a result of accident or very hard conditions 卒;丧生habitatn. the natural home of an animal or plant (动植物的)生境，栖息地shrinkv. (cause to) become smaller (使)收缩，(使)缩小peacefula. 1. without war 和平的2. quiet and calm without any worry or excitement 平静的，宁静的problem-freea. without any problems 没有问题的realizationn. 1. (an experience of) understanding and believing 认识;领悟2. (of a hope or purpose) becoming real (指希望或目的的)实现realize, -isevt. 1. understand and believe; be or become conscious of 了解;领悟;认识到2. make (a hope, purpose, fear, etc.) real 使(希望、目的、恐惧等)实现Phrases and Expressionsto begin with1. in the first place 首先，第一2. at first 起初，本来in sb.'s judgementin sb.'s opinion 在某人看来be better offhaving more money; being in a better condition 富裕;境况(尤指经济境况)好起来wear out(cause to) become useless, threadbare, exhausted 穿破，磨损;用坏;(使)疲倦;(使)耗尽take one's pickchoose (sth. one likes from a group of things) (从…中)挑选(自己喜爱的东西)link up(cause to) join or connect 连接;联系in servicebeing used; in use 在使用中speed up(cause to) move or develop faster (使)加快速度on... scale以…规模;在…范围内as a wholeas one thing and not as separate parts 作为一个整体look forward toanticipate with pleasure 盼望;期待Proper NamesEdward Cornish爱德华·科尼什Mediterranean地中海(=Mediterranean Sea)Gibraltar直布罗陀海峡(=Strait of Gibraltar)Eurasian欧亚(大陆)的Rome罗马(意大利首都)Tokyo东京(日本首都)the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉(位于亚洲)。

仁爱版英语九年级上Un i t1TheCh a n gi n g W o r l d单元测试【启用★绝密】仁爱版英语九上Unit 1 《The Changing World》单元测试Ⅰ.单项选择201. —Where are Maria and Kangkang?—They ___________ England.A. have been toB. are awayC. have gone toD. had been in2.___________ the Great Green Wall, the land produces (生产出) more crops.A. Thanks forB. Thanks toC. Thank toD. Thank for3. I think that you have made so rapid ___________ in math.A. a progressB. progressC. progressesD. progressed4. —How do you like Beijing, Miss Read?—I've no idea. I ___________ there.A. have goneB. have beenC. haven't beenD. haven't gone5.—What ___________ to your village in recent years?—Lots of roads, buildings, parks and so on.A. takes placeB. have happenedC. has happenedD. happened6.—What did you do during your summer holiday?—I spent my holiday ___________ English in Summer Classes.A. improvingB. improvesC.to improveD. improve7. I have broken your glasses. I feel sorry ___________ it.A.toB.atC. withD. for8. The family was ___________ poor ___________ they couldn't buy a TV set.A.so; thatB. not; untilC. not; butD.so; but9. —They have been to Australia.—So ____________ I.A.doB. have beenC. didD. have10.The population of Shanghai is larger than ____________ of Shenyang.A. thatB.itC.oneD. this11. —____________ the population of the U.S.A. in 2005?—It ____________ about 296 million.A. What is; isB. What was; wasC. How many is; wasD. How many was; is12.____________ of the teachers are women in our school.A. Two thirdB. Two threesC. Two thirdsD. Second three13.He's read this book before, ____________?A. hasn't heB. doesn't heC.isn't heD. wasn't he14.The ____________ population may be the greatest challenge of the world today.A. increaseB. increasedC. increasingD. increases15.The little girl has ____________ finished reading the book you lent her.A. alreadyB. yetC. stillD. once16. —What has happened in your hometown?—Great changes ____________ in my hometown recently.A. have been taken placeB. have taken placeC. have been happenedD. was happened17.Students today have a lot of pressure(压力) ____________ they have to learn too much knowledge atschool.A.in order toB. unlessC. becauseD. because of18. —I have never visited a paper factory.—____________A. So have I.B. So I have.C. Neither have I.D.I haven't now.19.I think it's good ___________ us ___________ eat healthy food.A. for; toB. for; forC.to; forD.to; to20. The traffic in the city ___________ be terrible, but now it has improved a lot. I think you will___________ it soon.A. use to; use toB. get used to; used toC. used to; get used toD. get used to; use toⅡ.情景交际 5A: Do you like living in the city or the countryside?B: 21A: But I think the countryside is much better than the city for living.B: 22A: Because there is terrible traffic and too much noise in the city.B: 23 I think the city is a wonderful place to live in, because we can go to parties, concerts and operas every day if we like. 24A: 25 But I like living in a quiet and safe place.A.I don't think so.B. Maybe you are right.C.I like living in the city.D. Why do you think so?E. We can also have better education in the city than in thecountryside.F. What about you?G. It's very quiet in the village.Ⅲ.完形填空10Life in the 21st century will be different from that in the 20th century, because many changes 26 in the new century, 27 what will the changes be?First, the population is growing very fast. There 28 more and more people in the world and most of them will live longer than before. Computers will be 29 smaller and more useful, and there will be 30 one in every home. And computer studies will be one of the most important 31 in schools.Second, people will work fewer hours than they did in the 20th century, and they'll have more free time for sports, 32 TV and traveling. Traveling will be even cheaper and easier. And more people will go to 33 countries for holidays.Third, there will be changes in our food, too. People will use more land 34 new towns and houses. Then there will be less room for cows and sheep, so meat will be more expensive. Maybe no one will eat it every day, instead, they will eat more vegetables and fruit. Maybe people will be healthier.Last, work in the future will be 35 , too. Robots will do the dangerous and hard work. Because of this, many people won't have enough work to do. This will be a problem.( )26.A.take place B.take the place C.will happen D.have taken place( )27.A.but B.and C.so D.or( )28.A.will be B.will have C.are D.have( )29.A.very B.quite C.much D.too( )30.A.at most B.at least C.more than D.less than( )31.A.classes B.lessons C.topicsD.subjects( )32.A.watch B.watching C.see D.seeing( )33.A.another B.the other C.other D.others( )34.A.build B.builds C.for build D.to build( )35.A.dangerous B.difficult C.different D.the sameⅣ.阅读理解30(A)Each nation has many people who help to take care of others. For example, some high school and孤儿院) or college students in the U.S.A. often spend many hours as volunteers in the hospitals, orphanages (rest homes. They read books to the people in these places, or they just visit them and play games with themor listen to their problems.Other young volunteers go and work in the homes of people who are sick or old. They paint, clean up or repair their houses, do their shopping or mow (割，修剪) their lawns. For boys who no longer have fathers, there is an organization called Big Brothers. College students and some other men take these boys tobaseball games or fishing trips and help them get to know things that boys usually learn from their fathers.Each city has a number of clubs where boys and girls can go to play games. Some of these clubs show films or organize short trips to the mountains or some places of interest. Most of these clubs use a lot of high school and college students as volunteers because they are young enough to know the problems and needs of young boys and girls.Volunteers believe that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happinessto others.根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)。

Unit 10Teaching ObjectiveMaster the key words and structures, and learn something about how to make use of computers -- the Internet -- to look for a job. Students should also learn some other uses of computers besides the Internet. They should realize that in today’s world anyone who wants to be successful should have adequate knowledge of computers. Vocabularyannual beyond boundaries company coordinator fax flash home maintain one’s page parent potential recruit report respond résumésupervisor viaan assistant to sb. career placement center check out click on to a couple of end up financial performance high-tech fields human-resources log on tothe liberal-arts major meet the criteria an on-line consulting firm real-estate refer to be responsible for restaurant chain at a salary ofStructure…, including by doing…SkillsThe Use of the Subjunctive MoodLearn and Practice Reading FlexibilityHow to read the acknowledgements in booksHow to write a letter of recommendationTeaching ProceduresLead In Activity; Study of the Text; Study of Words and Phrases; Study of Reading Skills; Study of Practical Reading; Study of Practical WritingI. Lead In1. The former dominant player in the college job listing and résumémarkets, has already become part of a more powerful combination -- MonsterTRAK. The acquisition was finished in November 2000. Before it was acquired by , had formed partnerships with and provides private-label, co-branded job listing and résumédatabases for college and university career centers, alumni associations and MBA programs in the U.S. It was rated by Forbes Magazine as "best site for students and graduates looking for their first job or internship."2. CareerBuilderCareerBuilder Inc is a US-based Internet agency catering mostly for American recruitment. It is also the leading recruitment resource in the U.S., with presence in more than 130 local newspapers and over 26 million visitors to its newspaper websites each month.Installed on over 90% of personal computers, Windows has achieved enormous market penetration and become the default choice for much of the market.3. Topic-related W ords and Phrasesrésumé: A résumé (also sometimes spelled resumé or resume) is also called curriculum vitae (sometimes abbreviated to CV). It is a document containing a summary or listing of relevant job experience and education, usually for the purpose of securing a new job. Often the résumé is the first item a potential employer encounters regarding the job seeker, and therefore a large amount of importance is often ascribed to it. In most contexts, a résuméis short (usually one or two pages), and therefore contains only experience directly relevant to a particular position. Résumés are rarely more than two pages, as potential employers will typically not give that much time to read for each applicant.human resources: Human resources in an organization refer to the department and support systems responsible for personnel sourcing and hiring, applicant tracking, skills development and tracking, benefits administration and compliance with associated government regulations.cover letter: Also called “covering letter” in British English, a cover letter should always accompany your résumé when you contact a potential employer. A good cover letter opens a window to your personality (and describes specific strengths and skills you offer the employer). It should entice the employer to read your résumé.The content of cover letters may differ according to their purpose of writing, e.g. for an academic job or a business one. A typical letter is usually one and a half to two pages long, but not more than two -- roughly five to eight paragraphs.II. Text AnalysisIII. Read InIt seems too good to be true that the people in the following story can have found a suitable job via the Internet. Read on to find out just how easy it can be …via: prep. by way of 经由He traveled from China to Nepal via Hong Kong.read on: continue to read without stopping 继续读on: ad. continuously; not stopping （作为副词小品词）向前，进展，继续活动I’ll follow on, come after you.How can you work on so long without a rest?The career placement center referred the liberal-arts major to JOB-TRAK, an Internet site listing 45,000 entry-level positions.Paraphrase:The career placement center suggested Casebeer, who is a liberal-arts major, turn to JOB-TRAK for help. It is a website with 45,000 positions for people who are just beginning to work.Immediately she found 45 jobs meeting her criteria, including…Paraphrase:Soon she found 45 jobs which she was interested in, including…。

How to live and love in the 21st century21世纪该怎样生活怎样爱[1] 我们有很多理由去思考日常道德问题。

首先，我们可以追溯到亚里士多德，现代伦理学的创始人。

亚里士多德认识到，人类本质上是受习惯约束的动物。

如果我们想做高尚人，就得形成高尚的习惯。

而习惯是由行为的不断重复形成的。

平时知书达理、彬彬有礼的行为能对你成为高尚的人有帮助，因为这样做可以使你更加尊重他人、关心他人的幸福。

我们要关注细小善举的另一个原因是：生活总的看来就是各种各样的小事。

我们大多数人一般都不会去杀人或偷车。

但在我们看来，芸芸众生中，高尚的人与自私刻薄、面目可憎的人的区别，在很大程度上就体现在他们言行举止的小节上。

想想你所认识的最和善的人，大多数时候你会发现，你尊敬他们，并不是因为他们在不遗余力地为消除世界贫困而奋斗，而是因为他们日常与人打交道时表现得体。

[2] 培养良好的品格要从小事做起，建设良好的社会要从基础抓起。

因此，拒绝反社会行为的思想真是具有远见卓识。

尊重我们的同胞，就要尊重他们先下火车的权利，而不要让他们非得挤过蜂拥而上的人群；或是安安静静坐公共汽车的权利，而不是一路上在他们耳边大声喧哗。

由此看来，倒是文明举止值得社会改良者重新提倡。

繁文缛节却不必在意：叉怎么拿，酒如何递，无关紧要。

紧要的是你如何对待主人和其他客人。

这主要是个尊重他人、体谅他人的态度问题，而不是个规则问题。

不过，规则也是有用的，哪怕只是些不成文的规则，如下所示：[3] 拨号错误如果售货员在为你服务，就别接电话，也别继续打电话了。

要是让〃保罗〃萨特还活着——当然他已不在了，并提出建议——可惜他没能做到，他本可能阐明手机使用的礼仪。

因此，如果我们把电话那头的隐形人当成存在，而对售货员等人的存在熟视无睹，那简直就是在否定他们的人格。

同样的道理, 在谈话中千万别给任何人发短信，或者发邮件。

打手机时始终要注意说话声音不要太大。

新慨念英语2册第一课英文回答：1. What was the primary reason for the decline of literacy and critical thinking in the 21st century?The primary reason for the decline of literacy and critical thinking in the 21st century is the rise of the internet and social media. With the advent of the internet, people have access to a vast amount of information at their fingertips. However, this information is often not curated or fact-checked, which can lead to people believing and spreading misinformation. Social media also plays a role in the decline of literacy and critical thinking. Social media platforms often use algorithms to personalize the content that users see, which can lead to people being exposed to only information that confirms their existing biases. This can make it difficult for people to develop a well-rounded understanding of the world and to think critically about the information they encounter.2. How does the internet and social media contribute to the decline of literacy and critical thinking?The internet and social media contribute to the decline of literacy and critical thinking in several ways. First, the internet makes it easy for people to access information without having to think critically about it. People can simply search for information on a topic and find a website that confirms their existing beliefs. This can lead to people becoming less likely to question information and more likely to believe things that are not true. Second, social media platforms often use algorithms to personalize the content that users see. This means that people are more likely to be exposed to information that confirms their existing biases. This can make it difficult for people to develop a well-rounded understanding of the world and to think critically about the information they encounter.3. What can be done to address the decline of literacy and critical thinking in the 21st century?There are several things that can be done to addressthe decline of literacy and critical thinking in the 21st century. First, it is important to teach people how to evaluate information critically. This can be done through education, media literacy programs, and public awareness campaigns. Second, it is important to create a culture that values literacy and critical thinking. This can be done by encouraging people to read, write, and engage in thoughtful discussion. Finally, it is important to support organizations that are working to promote literacy and critical thinking. These organizations can provideresources and support to help people improve their literacy skills and develop their critical thinking abilities.中文回答：1. 21 世纪识字率和批判性思维下降的主要原因是什么？21 世纪识字率和批判性思维下降的主要原因是互联网和社交媒体的兴起。

21世纪英语精读The Importance of English Proficiency in the 21st CenturyIn the rapidly evolving global landscape of the 21st century, the ability to communicate effectively in English has become an indispensable skill. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the English language has emerged as the primary means of international communication, facilitating the exchange of ideas, the sharing of knowledge, and the forging of cross-cultural connections.One of the primary reasons for the growing importance of English proficiency is the rise of globalization. With the advent of modern transportation and communication technologies, the world has become a smaller place, and businesses and organizations are now operating on a global scale. In this context, the ability to communicate fluently in English is a crucial asset, enabling individuals to navigate the complexities of the international marketplace, collaborate with colleagues from diverse backgrounds, and seize new opportunities that transcend geographical boundaries.Moreover, the dominance of English as the language of science,technology, and academia has made it a vital tool for staying at the forefront of innovation and research. Countless groundbreaking discoveries, cutting-edge technologies, and influential academic publications are presented and disseminated in English, making proficiency in the language essential for those seeking to contribute to and stay informed about the latest advancements in their respective fields.Beyond the professional realm, the importance of English proficiency extends to personal and social spheres as well. In an increasingly globalized world, the ability to communicate in English opens up a world of cultural exchange and enrichment. Travelers and expatriates can more effectively navigate foreign environments, forge meaningful connections with people from diverse backgrounds, and gain a deeper understanding of different customs and traditions.Furthermore, the widespread use of English in popular culture, such as music, film, and literature, has made it a valuable tool for personal growth and self-expression. Individuals who are fluent in English can engage with a vast array of cultural content, expanding their horizons and fostering a more nuanced understanding of the world around them.However, the importance of English proficiency extends beyond the individual level and has significant implications for the broadersocietal and economic landscape. In many countries, English proficiency is seen as a key driver of economic development, as it enables businesses to participate in the global marketplace, attract foreign investment, and engage in international trade. Governments and educational institutions have recognized the strategic value of English language education, investing heavily in programs and initiatives that aim to improve the English language skills of their citizens.At the same time, the emphasis on English proficiency has also led to concerns about the potential marginalization of local languages and cultural identities. It is crucial that the pursuit of English language fluency be balanced with a respect for linguistic diversity and the preservation of cultural heritage. Multilingualism, where individuals are proficient in both English and their native language, can serve as a bridge between global connectivity and local identity, fostering a more inclusive and enriched cultural landscape.In conclusion, the 21st century has witnessed a remarkable rise in the importance of English proficiency. From the professional realm to personal and social spheres, the ability to communicate effectively in English has become a essential skill for navigating the complexities of the modern world. As the world continues to evolve, the value of English language fluency will only continue to grow, making it acrucial investment in the future of individuals, communities, and nations alike.。

How to Live and Love in the 21st Century[1] There are many reasons to think quotidian ethics matter. For one, go back to Aristotle, the inventor of what has come to be known as virtue ethics. Aristotle recognized that human beings are essentially creatures of habit. If we want to be good, we have to get into the habit of being good. And habits are formed by constant repetition of behaviors. The daily practice of civility and politeness helps, because it reinforces a regard for others and concern for their welfare. Another reason to be worried about small acts of virtue is that life is, on the whole, made up of small things. Most of us manage to avoid murdering people or stealing their cars．Among the majority, what makes the difference between people we think of as good and those we regard as selfish, mean or just disagreeable, is very much how they behave over myriad small issues. Just think about the nicest people you know and most of the time you’ll discover that your regard for them is not based on their tireless work to eradicate world poverty, but a basic decency expressed through their everyday dealings with others．[2] Just as good character comes from the bottom up, so does a good society. This is why the idea of clamping down on anti-social behavior builds on a genuine insight. Respect for our fellow citizens starts with a respect for their right to leave a train without having to push past others trying to get on, or to sit on a bus without having someone shouting in their ears the whole way．So it is that good manner and civility need to be reclaimed by social progressives．Forget etiquette：i t really doesn’t matter how you hold your fork or which way you pass the port. What matters is how you treat your host and fellow guests. It’s not primarily a question of rules; it’s a question of having an attitude of respect and consideration. Still, rules help, even if they are only of thumb. Here are some of ours.[3] Wrong numbersYou should not accept or continue a phone call if a shop assistant is serving you. If Jean-Paul Sartre were alive, which he isn’t, and he gave advice, which he didn’t, he ma y well have shed light on the correct use of a mobile phone. So when we ignore the presence of someone like a shop assistant, treating them as absent and the absent caller as present, we are doing no less than denying their humanity. For the same reason, you should never text anybody while in the middle of a conversation. Or email, for that matter. You should always monitor your volume when chatting on your mobile. People who haven’t yet learned this basic fact show themselves to be oblivious to the presence of others. This is no small failing. David Hume argued, that morals are founded on a basic sympathy for our fellow creatures, by which we can appreciate that they too have plans, projects and experiences of the world, ones that may not involve having to listen to the fascinating details of where-we-are-now. Confucius says, “What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.” QED.[4] Travelling right Stop for pedestrians at pedestrian crossings. Even someone who rejects conventional morality and asserts their Nietzschean will to power has reason to do this. You demonstrate your power over the pedestrian more effectively, not by ignoring them, but by showing that you voluntarily stop, even though you could just motor on by. Such a display of magnanimity is worthy of the ubermensch. On public transport, allow people to alight before you board. Do not put your feet up on the seats. As Burke said, “Society is indeed a contract,” and each of us has to meet our side of the bargains.[5] Good Loving Do not smooch in the company of others. It is an oddity of human nature that while pornography is much sought after, we do not generally delight in seeing others slurpily manifest their love in public. Maybe it is just envy: the single are harshly reminded of the lack of affection in their lives, the long-attached of the lack of raw passion in theirs. Whatever the explanation, public smooching is exceedingly irritating to others, which means we shouldn’t do it. Always dump in person, not by text, fax or email. H amlet may have said that “conscience doth make cowards of us all”, but surely it takes a special lack of conscience to be so cowardly as to end a relationship any other way than face to face. It’s the only way to preserve both respect for the dumped and the dignity of the dumper.[6] New age If you go through a door first you should always hold it open for those who follow. Age, gender and social class make no difference. Extending this common courtesy to all is a sign that we hold everyone in equal respect. In other words, it’s nothing less than an expression of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights at the smallest possible level. Offer your seat to the elderly, but don’t assume they’ll want it. Marx may have got his economics and history terribly wrong, but when it comes to public transport, you can’t do much better than apply his principle, “From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.” The trouble is t hat many older people are fitter than the fat thirty somethings who can barely get their arses into the seats on public transport, and they resent the assumption that they are too frail to stand for more than five minutes without having a cardiac arrest. So although in general you should offer the elderly a seat, avoid patronizing them when you do so. Offer your seat to a pregnant woman. But please, only if you’re confident she really is pregnant.[7] Social work If invited to someone’s house for dinner, don’t be one of the ungrateful fed. Exactly what you do can vary, and it is silly to think that you must always bring wine or flowers, or send a thank-you message, even though both are usually advisable. The main thing is not to take your host’s hospitality for granted and show gratitude. Don’t drink more at a party than you brought. This is a version of the so-called freeloader problem, which on a grander scale includes people who use public services without paying for them, accept charity while never giving, or ponce cigarettes but are never knowingly ponced themselves. This breaks Kant’s maxim that one should only act in a way that you can consistently wish all to follow. And, of course, we can’t all freeload, as there would be no one to freeload from.[8] Child’s play Do include little Emily and baby Jack when addressing Christmas cards to their parents. Never tell somebody else’s child off in front of them, or criticize adults for their poor parenting. Except when you should. Do not undertake. It may be a free country, but as John Stuart Mill pointed out, our liberty does not extend to causing harm to others. Undertaking is a safety and so a moral issue, not one of etiquette. Wipe down gym equipment after use. Stick to the swimming lane that’s right for you. Remember that neither the cinema nor the theatre is your front room. Apart from, obviously, making sure your mobile is turned off, don’t talk during the performance, and if you have to say something to your companion, make sure it is inaudible to others. If you want to talk, rent a video. Sorry, DVD. Don’t punctuate your sentences with profanities in public. It’s OK with fellow foul-mouthed fucker s, but many people are likely to be either offended or bored by your repetitive and unimaginative use of vocabulary. Don’t think “I was here first” is a trump card. Let someone else go first if their need is greater. A person who only ever asserts their rights isn’t necessarily always in the right. Don’t write in and say these rules are stupid. They’re not.。

21世纪大学英语读写教程第3册Unit10课文详解21世纪大学英语读写教程第3册Unit10课文详解导语：你的生活中需要压力!没有压力，生活将是沉闷而不自在的。

压力增加了生活的味道，挑战和机会。

然而，太多的压力可能会严重影响到你的身心健康。

今天充满压力的世界面临的一个重大挑战是学会如何应对压力，使其不会变得压倒一切。

下面是一篇关于处理压力的英语课文，欢迎大家阅读。

Pre-reading Activities1. Before you listen to the passage, quickly note down your responses to the questions below. Don't think too much before you respond — your first ideas are the best ones.A) On a scale of one to ten, where ten is the most nervous you've ever felt in your life, how nervous do you feel right now?B) On a scale of one to ten, where ten is the most exhausted you've ever felt in your life, how tired do you feel right now?C) What are the three biggest problems that are worrying you today? Write down one-word "titles" for each of these three problems.Now listen to the passage, and go on to the next questions afterwards.2. After hearing the passage, do you feel more or less nervous than you did before? More or less tired? More or less worried about your problems?3. How do you usually behave when you're worried or nervous about something?Plain Talk About Handling StressLouis E. Kopolow, M.D.You need stress in your life! Does that surprise you? Perhaps so, but it is quite true. Without stress, life would be dull andunexciting. Stress adds flavor, challenge, and opportunity to life. Too much stress, however, can seriously affect your physical and mental well-being. A major challenge in the stress-filled world of today is to learn how to cope with stress so that it doesn't become overwhelming.What kinds of things can cause too much stress in our lives? We often think of major crises such as natural disasters, war, and death as main sources of stress. These are, of course, stressful events. However, according to psychologist Wayne Weiten, on a day-to-day basis, it's the small things that cause stress: waiting in line, having car trouble, getting stuck in a traffic jam, having too many things to do in a limited time.Interestingly, stress is unique and personal to each of us. So personal, in fact, that what may be relaxing to one person may be stressful to another. For example, if you're an executive who likes to keep busy all the time, "taking it easy" at the beach on a beautiful day may feel extremely frustrating, non-productive, and upsetting. You may be emotionally distressed from "doing nothing".Hans Selye, M.D., a recognized expert in the field, has defined stress as a "non-specific response of the body to a demand." For the busy executive, the demand that causes stress might be to relax. For most of us, it's a demand to act that causes stress. If we feel overwhelmed by pressure to do too much, we may not be able to function at all. In this case, the stress that can be good for us becomes distress, or bad stress. When stress becomes prolonged or particularly frustrating, it can become harmful, causing physical illness.Reacting T o StressThe body responds to stressful events by going throughthree stages: (1) alarm, (2) resistance and (3) exhaustion. Let's take the example of a ty///picmuter in rush-hour traffic. If a car suddenly pulls out in front of him, his initial alarm reaction may include fear of an accident, anger at the driver who committed the action, and general frustration. His body may respond in the alarm stage by releasing chemicals into the bloodstream which cause his face to flush, perspiration to form, his stomach to have a sinking feeling, and his arms and legs to tighten. The next stage is resistance, in which the body repairs damage caused by the stress. If the stress of driving continues with repeated close calls or traffic jams, however, his body doesn't have time to make repairs. He may become so conditioned to expect potential problems when he drives that he tightens up at the beginning of each commuting day. The third stage, exhaustion, occurs if the stress continues over a long period of time, and the body depletes its resources for fighting stress. The result may be illness: insomnia, headaches, backaches, ulcers, high blood pressure — even heart disease.While you can't live completely free of stress and distress, you can prevent some distress as well as minimize its impact. By recognizing the early signs of distress and then doing something about them, you can improve the quality of your life and perhaps even live longer.Helping YourselfWhen stress does occur, it's important to recognize and deal with it. Here are some suggestions for handling stress. As you begin to understand more about how stress affects you as an individual, you'll come up with your own ways to ease the tension.Try physical activity. When you're nervous, angry or upset, release the pressure through exercise or physical activity.Running, walking, playing tennis or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try. Physical exercise will relieve the tension, relax you and turn the frowns into smiles. Remember, your body and your mind work together.Share your stress. It helps to talk to someone about your concerns and worries. Perhaps a friend, family member, teacher or counselor can help you see your problem in a different light. If you feel your problem is serious, you might seek professional help from a psychologist, psychiatrist, social worker or mental health counselor. Knowing when to ask for help may help you avoid more serious problems later.Know your limits. If a problem is beyond your control and can't be changed at the moment, don't fight the situation. Learn to accept what is — for now — until a time when you can change it.Take care of yourself. You're special. Get enough rest and eat well. If you're irritable and tense from lack of sleep or if you aren't eating correctly, you'll have less ability to deal with stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should ask your doctor for help.Make time for fun. Schedule time for both work and recreation. Play can be just as important to your well-being as work; you need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun.Be a participant. One way to keep from getting bored, sad, and lonely is to go somewhere where things are happening. Sitting alone can make you feel frustrated. Instead of feeling sorry for yourself, get involved and become a participant. Offer your services in volunteer organizations. Help yourself by helping other people. Get involved in the world and the people aroundyou, and you'll find they'll be attracted to you. You'll be on your way to making new friends and enjoying new activities.Check off your tasks. Trying to take care of everything at once can seem overwhelming, and, as a result, you may not accomplish anything. Instead, make a list of what tasks you have to do, then do one at a time, check them off as they're completed. Give priority to the most important ones and do those first.Must you always be right? Do other people upset you —particularly when they don't do things your way? Try cooperation instead of confrontation; it's better than fighting and always being "right." A little give and take on both sides will reduce the strain and make you both feel more comfortable.It's OK to cry. A good cry can be a healthy way to bring relief to your anxiety, and it might even prevent a headache or other physical consequences. Take some deep breaths; they also release tension.Create a quiet scene. You can't always run away, but you can "dream the impossible dream." A quiet country scene painted mentally (or on canvas!) can let you escape from a stressful situation. Change the scene by reading a good book or playing beautiful music to create a sense of peace.Avoid self-medication. Although you can use prescription or over-the-counter medications to relieve stress temporarily, they don't eliminate the conditions that caused the stress in the first place. Medications, in fact, may be habit-forming and can also reduce your efficiency, thus creating more stress than they take away. They should be taken only on the advice of your doctor.The Art of RelaxationThe best strategy for avoiding stress is to learn how to relax. Unfortunately many people try to relax at the same pace thatthey lead the rest of their lives. For a while, tune out your worries about time, productivity, and "doing right". You'll find satisfaction in just being, without striving. Find activities that give you pleasure and that are good for your mental and physical well-being. Forget about always winning. Focus on relaxation, enjoyment, and health. Whatever method works for you, be good to yourself. If you don't let stress get out of hand, you can actually make it work for you instead of against you.New Wordsstressn. force or pressure caused by difficulties in life 压力;紧张well-beingn. the state of being healthy, happy, or prosperous 安康;安乐;幸福* overwhelminga. irresistible by force of numbers, influence, amount, etc. 压倒的，势不可挡的;无法抵抗的stressfula. 紧张的.;压力重的distressvt. subject to pressure, stress, or strain; make unhappy 使紧张;使苦恼;使痛苦n. (精神上的)痛苦;苦恼* prolongvt. make longer; extend 延长;延伸resistancen. an act of resisting; desire to oppose sth. 抵抗;反抗;抵制;抗拒resistanta. having or showing resistance 抵抗的;反抗的rush-houra. 交通高峰时间的initiala. occurring at the beginning; first or earliest 开头的;最初的bloodstreamn. the blood as it flows through the body (体内的)血流* flushvi. turn red because of a rush of blood to the skin; blush (因皮肤充血而)变红;脸红close calln. a narrow escape from danger or an accident 侥幸脱险，死里逃生conditionvt. accustom; train 使习惯;训练depletevt. use up or exhaust 用光;耗尽insomnian. inability to sleep; sleeplessness 失眠症;失眠relievevt. ease or reduce (pain, anxiety or trouble) 解除或减轻(痛苦等)social workern. a person who does work directed toward the betterment of social conditions in a community 社会福利工作者irritablea. easily made angry; impatient 易怒的;急躁的* irritatevt. make impatient or angry 使急躁;激怒tensea. nervous, anxious and unable to relax (心理或神经)紧张的，不安的repeatedlyad. again and again 一再，再三;反复地volunteern. a person who enters any service of his own choice; a person who serves without pay 志愿者a. of or made up of volunteers 志愿(者)的confrontationn. an open or direct clash; angry opposition 冲突;对抗give and taken. willingness to be mutually tolerant and forgiving within a relationship 互谅互让anxietyn. uneasy thoughts or fears about what may happen; troubled, worried, or uneasy feeling 焦虑;忧虑self-medicationn. the act of taking medicines without the advice of a doctor 自我药疗over-the-countera. (of medicine) that can be sold and bought without a doctor's prescription (药)无医生处方也可合法出售的habit-forminga. (esp. of medicine, a drug, etc.) that can become impossible to stop taking because one's body begins to need it (尤指药物、吸毒等)易使人上瘾的efficiencyn. the ability to do things without waste of time or energy 效率relaxationn. 1. 松驰，放松2. 休息;消遣;娱乐* relaxv. 1. make or become less active or worried 放松，(使)轻松2. make (effort or control) less severe 使…松懈;放宽* strivevi. try hard; make efforts 努力;奋斗Phrases and Expressionstake it easyrefrain from hard work; relax 不过于劳累;放松go throughundergo; experience 经历;经受pull out(of a vehicle) move out from the side of the road, or from its normal position to overtake (车辆)为超车而驶离路边或正常位置tighten upbecome tight or tighter 绷紧for nowfor this time; until a later time 目前;暂时make timefind or gain time 腾出时间;争取时间have funenjoy oneself 玩得开心check offmark, especially on a list, as finished or requiring no further attention 核对后打勾;勾销in the first placeat the beginning of the discussion of a matter; to start with 最初;原先on sb.'s advice/on the advice of sb.according to the advice given by sb. 按照某人的劝告tune outignore; stop paying attention to 不理会(get) out of hand(get) out of control 失去控制Proper NamesLouis E. Kopolow路易斯·E·科珀洛(男子名)Wayne Weiten韦恩·魏滕(男子名)Hans Selye汉斯·泽利厄(男子名)下载全文下载文档。