1) Hematemesis 呕 血 Bloody vomitus, either fresh and
bright red or older and “coffee ground〞 (hematin 酸化正铁血红素) in character
Hemoptysis? Nosebleeding?
Manner of bleeding presentation
Acute circulatory failure (急性周围循环 衰竭)
Differentiating(鉴别)
假性呕血 药物及食物 呕血与咯血的鉴别
二、病因〔causees〕
What is the causes of upper GI bleeding?
90% upper GI bleeding is due to four lesions in China:
肺炎〕、Pulmonary abscess〔肺脓肿〕 Immune diseases
Common causes
Cardiovascular disease MS〔二狭〕、 PE 〔肺梗死〕、 PAH 〔
原发性肺动脉高压〕、 deformity of blood vessle 〔血管畸形〕
Other less seen disease coagulation abnormalities〔凝血功能异
在大咯血病人中:
1. 支扩:30% 2. 肺癌:20% 3. 肺结核:15-20%
Manifestation 临床表现
1、年龄
2、咯血量
3、颜色和性状
1.年龄
青壮年 常见于肺结核、支气管扩张症、 二尖瓣狭窄等
40岁以上有长期吸烟史 支气管肺癌 儿童 慢性咳嗽伴少量咯血与低色素贫