新标准大学英语综合教程3课后解答

Unit6Active reading (1)Last man down: the fireman’s storyLanguage points1 Last man down: the fireman’s story (Title)The expression last man down, similar to last man standing, refers to the survivor or winner. The lastman down from the tower before it collapsed would be one of the bravest.2 There were about two dozen of us by the bank of elevators ... (Para 2)A bank of elevators means a set of lifts.3 Some had their turnout coats off, or tied around their waists. (Para 2) Turnout coats are the uniform firefighters wear when they turn out for a fire.4 Others were raring to go. (Para 2)The expression raring to go is an old form of rearing up, and means being eager to go like a horse.5 All of us were taking a beat to catch our breaths, and our bearings, figure out what the hell wasgoing on. (Para 2)To take a beat means to rest for a moment.A bearing is an exact compass reading measured in degrees. To take your bearings is to find where youare. Here it means both physically and mentally.6 We’d been at this thing, hard, for almost an hour, some a little bit less, and we were nowhere closeto done. (Para 2)To be at this thing is a slang expression which means to work on this mission. The expression nowhere close to done means someone is far from completing their work.7 Of course, we had no idea what there was left to do, but we hadn’t made a dent. (Para 2)A dent is a mark on a piece of metal as when you bump your car. To make a dent in something is to havean effect on it (imagine beating a piece of hard steel and not making any mark on it). To make a dent heremeans to achieve something. The firefighters had hardly begun their work.8 As if we could see clear through the ceiling tiles for an easy answer. (Para 3)Looking up for the source of the noise was only useful if you could see through the floors above, but itstill remained an instinctive reaction.9 The building was shaking like in an earthquake, like an amusement park thrill ride gone berserk …(Para 3)The word berserk was originally about ancient Viking warriors who worshipped a bear god (ber). Theywould go into a terrible rage or madness when fighting. It now means utterly and dangerously crazy.10 The way it coursed right through me. (Para 3)To course means to run or flow somewhere quickly. The noise and vibration have a strong physical effecton the writer.11 I thought about my wife and my kids, but only fleetingly and not in any kind of life-flashing-beforemy-eyes sort of way. (Para 4)Life flashing before my eyes is a claim made by someone who has near-death experiences, as in anaccident, of seeing a slow motion version of the most important events in their lives. Researchers say itmay be the reaction of the brain to trauma.Streets full of heroes Unit 619912 Or, “We’ll all meet at the big one.” (Para 4)After any fire, the fighters use the expression the big one to minimize that fire and suggest there willalways be a bigger one coming. It is a brave act of understatement.13 I never knew how it started, or when I’d picked up on it myself, but it was part of our shorthand. (Para 4)To pick up on it means to learn it and start using it. It is a slang expression. Shorthand is a system of writing used for taking down fast speech. It uses symbols for common wordsand can only be understood by people who learn it. Firemen have their own spoken shorthand (as do mostprofessions). To an outsider, the big one would not mean much, but as the writer explains it was rich inmeaning to him and his colleagues.14 I fumbled for some fix on the situation, thinking maybe if I understood what was happening I couldsteel myself against it. (Para 5)Some fix is a slang term which means a way of understanding.To steel oneself against something means to prepare oneself to do something unpleasant.15 A battalion commander for the New York Fire Department, he was on the sceneof the disaster … (Para 6)The Fire Department is divided up into battalions of up to 200 consisting of a number of companies ofabout 30 firefighters.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best summary of the extract.2 In this dramatic personal account, firefighter Richard Picciotto recalls what he was doing and thinking,just before the north tower of the World Trade Center collapsed on 11 September 2001.4 Answer the questions.1 Where was Richard Picciotto at 9:59 am on 11 September 2001?He was on the 35th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center.2 Who was with him?About two dozen firefighters.3 What was everybody trying to do?They were resting and trying to work out what was going on.4 How long had they been in the building?Nearly an hour.5 What did they do when the noise started?They stood still.6 What was happening to the building?It was falling down.7 What did Picciotto start thinking about when he heard the noise?He started thinking about his family, job and the bagels in the kitchen.Unit 6 Streets full of heroes2008 Did Picciotto have the impression things were happening quickly or slowly? To him, it seems things were happening slowly while in truth they weren’t.9 How did Picciotto get out of the tower?He climbed through the rubble and led his men to safety.10 How many firefighters lost their lives?Altogether 343 firefighters.11 Why did Picciotto write Last Man Down?He wrote it as a tribute to his colleagues.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make a fire stop burning (extinguish)2 the total number of people who have been killed or hurt (toll)3 an extremely difficult or frightening situation (nightmare)4 a very sad event that causes people to suffer or die (tragedy)5 as much as possible (utmost)6 impressive actions that prove someone is very brave (heroism)7 happening in a confused way and without any order or organization (chaotic)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.For a firefighter arriving on the scene of a fire the first few minutes are usually the most (1) chaotic.He has to (2) extinguish the fire, he also needs to find out if human lives are in danger. When people aretrapped inside a building he must act swiftly to prevent (3) tragedy, or, –in the (4) nightmare scenario – tokeep the death (5) toll to a minimum. Actions like these require the (6) utmost degree of (7) heroism.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 He’s a very honest, fair and well-behaved sort of person. (decent)2 I’d like to express my thanks for everything you’ve done for me. (gratitude)3 There was a group of cows standing in the corner of the field. (herd)4 There have been very big increases in food prices over the last few months. (massive)5 All the people should leave the building immediately when the alarm sounds. (evacuate)6 She has displayed all the qualities needed for being a leader in her job. (leadership)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you are raring to go, are you eager to (a) leave, or (b) start an activity?2 If you get your bearings, do you (a) lose your way, or (b) find out where you are?3 If you are nowhere close to done, do you (a) still have a lot more work to do to finish the job, or (b) stillfeel strong and ready to work?4 If you haven’t made a dent in something, have you (a) made good progress, or (b) hardly begun the job?5 Is a racket (a) a loud and unpleasant noise, or (b) a low musical sound?Streets full of heroes Unit 62016 If something goes berserk, is it (a) quiet and well-behaved, or (b) out of control?7 Does whatever the hell it was suggest that the writer (a) knew exactly whatthe noise was, or (b) didn’tknow what the noise was?8 If something is part of the shorthand, can you (a) easily understand it, or(b) not understand it?9 If you are fumbling for a fix, are you (a) trying to understand something, or (b) trying to stay where you are?Active reading (2)Language points1 “Suddenly,” she wrote in her syndicated column, “I saw on the sidewalka figure of a man.” (Para 1)A syndicated column is a regular newspaper article sold to newspapers all around the country.2 “I felt certain that somewhere along the line she would stub her toe,” said Perkins, thinking ofWashington’s fishbowl atmosphere. (Para 3)To stub her toe means to do damage to herself or get hurt.In a fishbowl atmosphere, everyone can see what is happening in the fishbowl. The sentence means Perkins was sure sooner or later she would get into trouble and be criticized.3 I don’t know how she did it. What to lay it to? (Para 3)The expression what to lay it to means “how can one explain it?”.4 … “that a crippled man, victim of a cruel affliction, was able for more than ten years to ride thestorms of peace and war at the summit of the US …” (Para 3)A man in a wheelchair with a terrible disease could lead his country well both during the Great Depressionand World War.5 “Most people who have played second violin all their lives never have an opportunity to play firstviolin,” remarked Perkins. (Para 4)People who play second violin are those who do not lead or give solos and who are always of lesserimportance. To play first violin means to be the leader and take the initiative.6 “Now, if you want to know what I think about Mrs Roosevelt, she istuh-riffic! …” (Para 5)The word tuh-riffic means terrific. It is pronounced with a strong regional accent.7 On a trip to India ... introduced to the Indian Parliament by Pandit Nehru as “a representative ofresurgent humanity”. (Para 6)The expression resurgent humanity refers to recovering from the horrors of thefirst half of the 20thcentury. A representative of resurgent humanity refers to an example of the most admirable and progressivetype of person.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 Eleanor Roosevelt became a volunteer (c) .(a) when she met her husband(b) when her husband became President of the US(c) as a young woman(d) when she saw a homeless man in the street2 When she became the wife of the president (c) .(a) she gave up her job(b) she began to write for a newspaper(c) she reinvented the role of First Lady(d) she found it difficult to reconcile family life and public affairsStreets full of heroes Unit 62073 When she held her first press conference (a) .(a) she didn’t allow men to atte nd(b) she pushed her husband in on a wheelchair(c) she made speeches(d) her involvement in politics shocked people4 While Roosevelt was president, Eleanor (c) .(a) stayed a full-time wife and mother(b) made a lot of people angry(c) defended the rights of women and Afro-Americans(d) became the host of a television programme5 After her husband died she (c) .(a) retired from public life(b) became the only female delegate to the United Nations(c) helped implement the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(d) started writing for a newspaper6 In the last years of her life she (b) .(a) went to live in India(b) continued to promote the rights of women(c) was given a new task by President Kennedy(d) gave up her interest in politicsDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 someone who is chosen to represent a group of other people at a meeting (delegate)2 to believe that something is the cause of someone or something else (ascribe)3 a newspaper or television reporter, especially one who deals with a particular subject or area(correspondent)4 a very high level of skill or ability (genius)5 to control someone or something, often in a negative way, because you have more power or influence(dominate)6 used about a feeling or thought you do not realize you have (unconscious)7 to watch something in order to check that it works in the way that it should (oversee)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.Eleanor Roosevelt showed her (1) genius for getting the support of other (2) delegates in the UNAssembly. She was a great speaker who knew how to (3) oversee important meetings without being seento (4) dominate them. She was also a talented (5) correspondent and she wrote a daily column for manyyears. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s success as president was (6) ascribed by many to her support and wonderfulcharacter. She became involved in politics because of her sense of right and wrong and an (7) unconsciousneed to help people.Unit 6 Streets full of heroes2085 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 He has been unable to use his legs since birth. (crippled)2 We need to call a meeting for world leaders about this issue. (summit)3 The first thing I read in the newspaper is the regular section about the arts. (column)4 Our class visit to the United Nations was a wonderful experience. (marvelous)5 It’s import ant to try to influence politicians about the need to improve transport facilities in our area.(lobby)6 How many millions of people live in the very poor areas of Mumbai? (slums)6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 In a fishbowl atmosphere, are you (a) likely, or (b) unlikely to see what everyone is doing?2 Is a mishap a (a) positive, or (b) negative experience?3 If you have a humane attitude, are you (a) kind and caring, or (b) cruel and uncaring?4 If you win over someone to your cause, do you (a) defeat them, or (b) persuade them to join you?5 Does an affliction make your life (a) easy, or (b) difficult?6 If you ride the storm, do you (a) survive it, or (b) fall victim to it?7 Is a superlative performance (a) very good, or (b) just good?8 If a politician has a throng of admirers, are there (a) many people, or (b)a few who like them?9 If you are on a par with someone, are you in (a) the same position, or (b) different positions?Language in useword formation: gender-inclusive language1 Look at the sentences from the passages and answer the questions.Last man down: The fireman’s storyWe were firefighters, mostly, and we were in various stages of exhaustion.Streets full of heroes Unit 6211Please join Life magazine as we honor the power and humanity of Anna Eleanor Roosevelt by inductingher into the Hall of Heroes.1 What meaning do fireman and firefighter share?Someone whose job is to fight fires.2 What extra meaning is included in the word fireman?The person is male.3 Does the word heroes refer to men, women, or both?Both.2 Replace the underlined words with gender-inclusive language.1 Miss Read was the headmistress at school, and I was very fond of her. (headteacher)2 Mother Teresa and Eleanor Roosevelt are two great heroines of our time. (heroes)3 There were a lot of policemen standing at the entrance to the factory. (police officers)4 More than three hundred firemen died in the fire. (firefighters)5 We’ll ask one of our salesgirls to come and help you. (salespersons) Why is it that …?3 Rewrite the sentences using Why is it that ...?1 I don’t know why we haven’t been able to solve the problem of slums in this town.Why is it that we haven’t been able to solve the problem of slums in this town?2 I don’t know why we are not able to organize fair elections in this part of the world.Why is it that in this part of the world we are not able to organize fair elections?3 I don’t know why they never employ qualified people in this hotel.Why is it that in this hotel they never employ qualified people?4 I don’t know why the system of welfare is still not working properly in this country.Why is it that in this country the system of welfare is still not working properly?5 I don’t know why you always find such an easy answer to all the questionsI ask.Why is it that you always find such an easy answer to all the questions I ask?adj. + though it + be4 Rewrite the sentences using adj. + though it + be.1 My time in the United States was short, but it was interesting.My time in the United States, short though it was, was interesting.2 The scenes of destruction were terrible, but not surprising.The scenes of destruction, terrible though they were, were not surprising.3 The rescue operation cost a lot of money, but it was successful.The rescue operation, costly though it was, was successful.Unit 6 Streets full of heroes2124 The lesson he gave was extremely interesting, but it was soon forgotten. The lesson he gave, interesting though it was, was soon forgotten.5 Mother Teresa may have been old, but she was extremely active.Mother Teresa, old though she may have been, was extremely active.6 His actions may have been unconscious, but they have had very serious consequences.His actions, unconscious though they may have been, have had very serious consequences.collocations5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimesmore than one collocation is possible.1 My grandfather died suddenly after a massive heart attack.2 There was a column of smoke in the sky for days after 9/11.3 Eleanor Roosevelt wrote a daily / newspaper column for nearly 30 years.4 The stress began to take a toll on their marriage.5 The final death toll might be much higher than the police at first thought.6 How many newspaper columns have been written about the heroes of the last century?7 Do you have to pay a toll to drive on the motorway?8 Your idea was brilliant – a stroke of genius!9 My hero is my English teacher. He has a genius for helping us understand Shakespeare.10 When she died she left a massive amount of money to charity.6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 I thought how we firemen were always saying to each other, “I’ll see you at the big one.” Or, “We’ll allmeet at the big one.” I never knew how it started, or when I’d picked up on it myself, but it was part ofour shorthand. Meaning, no matter how big this fire is, there’ll be another one bigger, somewhere downthe road. We’ll make it through this one, and we’ll make it through that one, too. I always said it, at bigfires, and I always heard it back, and here I was, thinking I would never say or hear these words again,because there would never be another fire as big as this. This was the big one we had all talked about,all our lives, and if I hadn’t known this before – just before these chilling moments – this sick, blacknoise now confirmed it. (这段话由许多短句构成，要注意短句间语气的连接。

新标准大学英语3Unit1Active reading(1)4. b c c d c a5.productive attendance resistance ambitious acceptance script impressive6.attendance ambitious productive impressive resistance script acceptance7.mortgage deck surf coastal;defy lengthy8.b a b b b a b bActive reading(2)4.triple cemetery rear biography cram budding finite elapse5.elapsed;cemetery rear;crammed triple budding;biography finite6.a b a a b b a a7.a b b a a b b b aLanguage in use6.(1)我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。

当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。

我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。

以前每天下午5点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。

（2）明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。

明天甚至压根儿就不存在。

你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。

明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。

你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当下滴答滴答地走着，每分钟顺时针走60秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它就会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满了“本可以做”“本应该做”“本来会做”的事情。

Unit5Active reading (1)Language points1 It was snowing heavily … not just to track down the last-minute presents, but to escape the bittercold … (Para 1)To track down means to find something or someone after a long search.At Christmas many people give a lot of thought to find the right gift and buy presents well in advance,others wait and buy something at the last opportunity on Dec 24th to buy the last-minute presents.A place in society Unit 51572 He was not yet enjoying the Christmas spirit ... albeit a working dinner at Joanne’s. (Para 2)The word albeit is used for introducing a comment that slightly changes or reduces the effect of a previousremark, like even if it is / although …3 He was from a hard-working family in upstate Virginia … (Para 2)The word upstate means the place is in the northern part of a particular state in the US.4 But his demeanor concealed a Harvard law degree and an internship in DC witha congressman, ajunior partnership in a New York law firm, along with a razor-sharp intellect and an ability to thinkon his feet. (Para 2)Partnership refers to the position of being one of two or more people who own a company as partners.A junior partner is a newer or younger partner who has less responsibility or fewer shares than a seniorpartner.A razor-sharp intellect is a very intelligent mind, which is quick to think and react; it is as sharp as a razor.The ability to think on one’s feet means being able to think quickly in unexpected situations.5 Senator Rogers was a Democrat … who knew Capitol Hill inside out but who had neverthelessmanaged to keep her credibility with her voters as a Washington outsider. (Para 3)To know something inside out means to know something very well.A Washington outsider refers to someone who is outside the central groups or members of political circlesin Washington and is therefore possibly independent.Senator Rogers was in her third term of office (ie she had been a senator for at least eight years) and sheknew the Senate and the government institutions in Washington thoroughly. Still, she had kept an imagewith voters that she was an outsider (ie she had not been affected negatively by knowing Washington toowell or by becoming too much like other politicians).6 She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions andanti-capital punishment, asfine a progressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic. (Para 3)The prefix pro- means in favour of something or someone. The prefix anti- means against. Pro-abortion,anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, all of these examples have beenseen as important political issues in the US, which are debated in political campaigns and thereforepoliticians are generally expected to take a position on them. For example, Senator Rogers was in favourof reducing carbon emissions – the output of CO2 into the atmosphere, because she was aware of thenegative effect of high emissions on climate change.A progressive liberal is someone who believes in social or political change if most people want it,especially change that makes a system fairer.The expression this side of the Atlantic refers to North America. The other side of the Atlantic would be inEurope, and vice versa for speakers in Europe.7 It was election time in the following year, and the word was she was going to run for the Democraticnomination. (Para 3)The expression the word was means there was s ome talk that …, or people were saying that …Unit 5 A place in society158The Democratic nomination here refers to the official approval of a candidate for the president bythe Democratic party. The nomination takes place officially during the Democratic convention beforea presidential election campaign. Up to that point, there are candidates who run or compete for thenomination, later the Presidential candidates run for President. There are parallel processes in theRepublican party.8 He’d never been to Joanne’s … which had often been maligned, or its jazz orchestra, which had aguest slot for a well-known movie director who played trumpet, but because of the stellar qualityof its sophisticated guests: politicians, diplomats, movie actors,hall-of-fame athletes, journalists,writers, rock stars and Nobel Prize winners – in short, anyone who was anyone in this city of powerbrokers. (Para 4)To malign means to say unpleasant things about something or someone, usually unfairly.A guest slot refers to a guest appearance as a particular occasion in a series of performances orprogrammes.The expression anyone who is anyone means any really important person or someone with a well-knownname.Power brokers are the people who control or influence which people get political power in an area.The sentence means he knew the reputation of the restaurant for its famous guests; its reputation was notfor its food or live music (which included a jazz orchestra in which a famous film director sometimesplayed). The guests included politicians, diplomats, actors, journalists, writers, musicians and scientists –anyone who is well-known in Washington, a city in which many people are powerful or influential in thegovernment.9 Inside, the restaurant was heaving with people. (Para 5)The expression heaving with people means crowds of people are pushing and pulling, moving up anddown.10 “Good evening Miss Bacall, good evening Mr Hanks,” and clicked his fingers to summon anotherwaiter to show them to their table. (Para 8)Miss Bacall and Mr Hanks may be oblique references to film stars Lauren Bacall and Tom Hanks.To click one’s fingers means to make a noise with one’s fingers as a signal to summon or call someone.11 The head waiter blinked, and swallowed hard. (Para 22)To blink means to close and open one’s eyes quickly. Here, this shows surprise.To swallow hard means to make a movement in the throat as if swallowing food. Here this showsembarrassment – Alberto realized he has made a mistake.12 In a classless society, Rogers was the closest thing to aristocracy that America had. (Para 23)America has a reputation for being classless, ie it doesn’t have such social classes as European countriesare supposed to have. This means that there are no people like aristocrats, but Senator Rogers was sodistinguished that she seemed like an aristocrat, or very nearly an aristocrat.13 Alberto hovered for a moment, then went to speak to a colleague. (Para 23) To hover means to wait or stay for a moment while somebody decides what to do. This shows that he orshe is unsure for the moment.A place in society Unit 5159Reading and understanding2 Answer the questions.1 Where and when is the story set?The story is set in Joanne’s, a famous restaurant in New York on Christmas Eve.2 Who is Josh?Josh is a smart, hard-working lawyer in his early thirties. He is anAfrican-American.3 Why does he go to Joanne’s?He has an appointment at Joanne’s.4 Who is Jo Rogers?Jo Rogers is a senior Senator in Washington and a well-known person in America.5 How does the head waiter greet Josh?He greets Josh very badly. He has a disdainful, superior attitude towards Josh and behaves rudely.6 Where does he eventually seat him?At the back of the restaurant, close to the bathroom, near a half-opened window through which an icybreeze is blowing.7 What does everyone do when Jo arrives?Everybody becomes silent and turns to look at her and greets her with silent applause.8 What suggestion does the head waiter make?He suggests that they should sit at a better table in the middle of the restaurant, from which she can seeeverybody, or everybody can see her.9 Does Jo accept the invitation?No, she says the waiter brought her friend to that table, so they will stay there.3 Choose the best summary of the passage.Teaching tipsAsk Ss to give reasons why the other two summaries are not the best ones. Please see comments below.1 It’s Christmas time, and a young man comes into a very busy restaurant. The head waiter shows him to atable by an open window. A little later a well-known politician comes in and says she is dining with theyoung man. The head waiter suggests moving them both to a more comfortable table, but the politiciandeclines the offer, saying that she’s happy to stay there if her friend is happy there too.Comment: It summarizes some of the points. But the final sentence is wrong: The Senator doesn’t giveany conditions about staying at the table, she just says they will stay where the waiter seated her friend.2 A well-known politician arranges a meeting with a young man. She wants him to help her in her electioncampaign to become US President. They arrange to meet in a crowded restaurant, where they can speakinformally. The waiter doesn’t recognize the young man, and seats him at the worst table in the room,but when the politician arrives he realizes his mistake, as he knows the two need to be comfortable todiscuss politics.Comment: This is partially wrong and fails to capture the main idea, they arrange to meet at Joanne’sbecause it is a famous restaurant.Unit 5 A place in society1603 When a young black man arrives in a crowded and expensive restaurant, the head waiter makes him sitin the least comfortable place, even though a table has been booked for him and a “Ms Rogers”. WhenMs Rogers arrives, the waiter realizes that she is a well-known politician; and Ms Rogers realizes thather friend has been treated badly because of the colour of his skin. The waiter realizes his mistake too,and tries to make up for it, but it is too late.Comments: This is the best summary because it captures the main point about the treatment of Josh.The passage does not actually state that he was treated badly because of thecolour of his skin, but it isimplied and in the context it is likely to be the point of the story. Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.Teaching tips• To vary the way of doing the activity, ask Ss to work in pairs. Student A randomly picks a word in thebox and asks Student B about the meaning. Student B listens and finds the appropriate answer amongthe definitions. The point is that Ss should interact with each other. For example:A: Can you tell me the meaning of “sophisticated”?B: Yes, just a moment … it means knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject.That’s No 3.A: OK, thanks. (writes 3 beside the word)• In order to give the class an example, T may ask one pair to repeat the dialogue to the class. Theyshould try to speak fluently.1 money or goods that you give to an organization, especially one that helps people (donation)2 involving or done with a lot of energy, effort, attention etc (intense)3 knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject (sophisticated)4 supporting social and political change that aims to make a system fairer (progressive)5 capable of doing something in a satisfactory or effective way (competent)6 a new member of a company or an organization, especially someone who has recently joined (recruit)7 to deliberately make someone feel frightened, especially so that they will do what you want (intimidate)8 to experience or deal with something, especially a problem (encounter)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.There are two big political parties in the United States: the Republican party, which is traditionallythe more conservative of the two, and the Democratic party, which is said to be more (1) progressive.One of the most interesting and (2) intense moments in American political life is the election campaignwhich comes before the presidential elections. Both parties need a lot of money to pay for the campaign,for which they rely on (3) donations made by individuals and organizations. Theyalso need a lot of new(4) recruits to work on the campaign. These people are usually young, intelligent and hard-working,(5) competent in their jobs and not easily (6) intimidated, since they are likely to (7) encounter a lot ofproblems which have to be resolved quickly. But they also need to be highly (8) sophisticated, to beable to understand what the American people want, and to communicate with them through the style andorganization of the election campaign.A place in society Unit 5161Additional activityWhen Ss have completed Activity 5, ask them to work in pairs and prepare a brief presentation forCultural Encounters, a slot in a Chinese TV show which gives insights into other cultures around theworld. Each pair should discuss and think of an interesting way to present the information in Activity 5, eg tomake it an interview, a conversation, or a monologue to the camera. Ss will need to introduce the informationand make conclusions using their own words. Choose one or two pairs to make presentations. For example:A: And now it’s time for Cultural Encounters, a brief look at cultures around the world. Today we sharesome insights into election campaigns in the US … I am with Miss Xie who is from Washington DC,the city at the heart of American politics. So, Miss Xie, can you tell us about the two main politicalparties?B: Yes. There are two big political parties ...A: And what about the election campaigns?B: The election campaigns are certainly one of the most interesting and intense moments in Americanpolitical life ...A: And I gather the parties use volunteer recruits?...A: Well, that’s all for now. Thank you very much, Miss Xie. Please join us again next time for CulturalEncounters when we will be taking a look at the Brazilian carnival in Rio de Janeiro …6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 She’s a pleasant young woman, who is always very good company. (agreeable) She’s an agreeable young woman, who is always very good company.2 I’m afraid the reasons he gave me for not coming to the meeting were silly and unreasonabe. (laughable)3 It is important to fight dishonest and illegal behaviour by officials. (corruption)4 It’s freezing out here, I’m shaking with cold. (shivering)5 You might find someone to help you in the office, but I’m not sure. (doubtful)6 The attendant moved his shoulders up to suggest that he didn’t know the answer. (shrugged)7 Don’t be so annoyed because the service is slow, you won’t miss your flight. (impatient)8 The sound of people clapping at the end of the Senator’s speech lasted for five minutes. (applause)7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.Teaching tipsAs an efficient way to go over the answer, choose nine Ss and assign each one a number. Each studentthen gives the answer in the form of a complete sentence. T just calls out the numbers and say nothingunless there is a problem.1 If you track down something, do you (a) find it, or (b) lose it after a long search?2 Does someone who thinks on their feet make decisions (a) quickly, or (b) slowly?3 If you know something inside out, do you know it (a) only in part, or (b) very well?4 If you are in the running for a job, do you have (a) some chance, or (b) no chance of being chosen?5 Is a hall-of-fame athlete someone who will be (a) quickly forgotten, or (b) remembered for a long time?6 If the market is heaving with people, (a) is there a crowd of people there, or (b) are there not manypeople there?Unit 5 A place in society1627 If you summon someone, do you want them to (a) come to see you immediately, or (b) go away?8 If you refrain from doing something, do you (a) do it, or (b) not do it?9 If there is a flurry of activity, do a lot of things happen (a) all at once, or (b) over a long period of time?Active reading (2) Language points1 The company sent one of their engineers … where he was introduced to a small Saudi engineeringfirm … (Para 1)The word Saudi is the adjective about the country of Saudi Arabia, used to describe the people and relatedmatters, but not the language. Its language is Arabic, spoken as the major language in the Middle East andNorth Africa.2 This annoyed Johan nesson and his superiors … but the Saudis wanted the intermediary to be there.(Para 1)An intermediary is a go-between (Para 4, Line 6), someone who talks to each of the people or groupsinvolved in business or other matters, usually passing information from one to the other or trying topersuade them to agree with each other. So this person mediates between them.3 Just when Johannesson’s superiors started to doubt the wisdom of the corporation’s investment inthese expensive trips, a telex arrived from Riyadh ... (Para 2)To doubt the wisdom means people are not at all sure about the judgment or decision.4 When he came to Riyadh it appeared that the conflict was over a minor issue and could easily beresolved … (Para 3)A conflict could be resolved. Apart from resolving a conflict, other collocations worth noting are thatconflicts can be solved, settled or handled. Problems can lead to, create or provoke conflicts or become asource of conflict, and conflicts might be avoided, averted or prevented. Unit 5 A place in society1685 This is known in cultural anthropology as the extended family. (Para 5) The extended family is usually the wider family members of a married couple and children, withgrandparents and perhaps uncles, aunts and in-laws who live together or are in regular contact. The nuclearfamily (Para 6, Line 9) is a married couple and their children only, in the classical definition in sociology.6 The “we” group is distinct from other people in society who belong to “they” groups, of which thereare many. The “we” group (or in-group) is the major source of one’s identity …(Para 5)The in-group is the “we” group to which people feel they belong to first for their identity. Thecomplementary group is the out-group or the “they” group to which the in-group may sometimes beopposed, or at other times the in-group is just a tighter group within many larger out-groups.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Who was Johannesson?(a) A businessman with good contacts in Saudi Arabia.(b) An engineer who lived in Saudi Arabia.(c) An engineer working for a Swedish company.(d) A 30-year-old Swede with a British university degree.2 Why was he sent to Saudi Arabia?(a) To work for a Saudi engineering firm.(b) To work on a project funded by the Saudi government.(c) To take the place of a Swedish engineer who was already there.(d) To learn about Saudi customs and traditions.3 Why wasn’t he happy about the meet ings with the Saudis?(a) The Saudis spent too much time laughing and joking.(b) The trips to Saudi Arabia were long and tiring.(c) The Saudi brothers didn’t speak good English.(d) Another Swedish man was always present.4 What happened after the contract was signed?(a) Johannesson lost his job with the Swedish corporation.(b) The Swedish businessman returned to Sweden.(c) The attitude of the Saudis towards Johannesson changed.(d) The Swedish corporation stopped doing business in Saudi Arabia.5 Why was Johannesson sent to work in a different division?(a) As a reward for getting the contract with the Saudis.(b) Because he wasn’t suited to work with the Saudis.(c) Because he had become too friendly with the Saudis.(d) Because he had got too frustrated by the experience in Saudi Arabia.6 Why was he asked to return to Saudi Arabia?(a) The corporation wanted him to start a new project.(b) There was a lot of new work to do so two people were needed.(c) The engineer who replaced Johannesson fell ill and had to go home.(d) The Saudis trusted only Johannesson to sort out a small problem.A place in society Unit 51694 Work in pairs and answer the questions.1 Why don’t Saudis like doing business with a company?They want to work with an individual that they know and trust.2 Which type of group is a company: a “we” group or a “they” group?A company is a “they” group unless it is a small company.3 What type of family is there in a collectivist society?Families in co llectivist societies are usually “extended”, ie they consist of a larger number of peopleliving closely together.4 How does an in-group give people protection from the hardships of life? By being a focus of loyalty and through the help that members give to each other.5 In what type of society is there nuclear family?In individualist societies.6 Why aren’t people supposed to be dependent on a group in an individualist society?They are supposed to be able to stand on their own feet.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 support that you always give to someone or something because of your feelings of duty and lovetowards them (loyalty)2 to give someone the ability or opportunity to do something (enable)3 a company that sells the same goods or services as another company (competitor)4 a written legal agreement between two people or businesses that says what each must do for the other orgive to the other (contract)5 the control and operation of a business or organization (management)6 money used in a way that may earn you more money (investment)6 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.A Does your company do a lot of business abroad?B Yes, it does. We’ve recently signed a number of (1) contracts in the Middle East.A So you’re making a major (2) investment in that area?B Yes, we are. We also have a lot of (3) competitors in our line of business, so it won’t be easy.A Have you ever thought of working for one of them?B Not really, I’ve got a certain amount of (4) loyalty to my own company. I think that I’ve been treatedrather well by the (5) management. And if things go well, the new project I’m working on should(6) enable me to get promotion quite quickly.Additional activityActing on the radioWhen Ss have completed the activity, tell them it is time to perform as radio broadcasters. Ask them toread the whole conversation in pairs with as much fluency as they can, like reading a radio script. Later,Unit 5 A place in society170after Ss have practised for a short time, ask one pair to perform to the class. T has to introduce theirperformance as an extract from a radio script. Finally, ask the class for any comments: Did it sound like aradio broadcast? How could the actors improve their reading?7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You mayneed to make other changes.1 These 2,000 words form the most basic part of the English language. (core)2 Some British people think belonging to the European Union is vital to the UK’s national interests.(membership)Some British people think membership of the European Union is vital to the UK’s national interests.3 The process of sending the books may take up to two weeks. (delivery)The delivery of the books may take up to two weeks.4 They said they would cancel the contract if they weren’t paid by next Thursday. (threatened)They threatened to cancel the contrac t if they weren’t paid by next Thursday.5 Can’t you see the positive side? You always spend time talking about the bad things. (dwell on)6 Your inner strength will enable you to overcome life’s obstacles. (prevail over)Additional activityVocabulary challengeThis activity aims to encourage Ss to use the words in Activity 5 and Activity 7 productively. Ask Ss towork in pairs and think about the words in the box. Ask them to make one sentence that includes all thewords in the box. After a brief period of time, ask a few pairs to tell the class their examples. The classlisten to each example carefully and check whether all the six words are used. Finally, the class decidewhich is the best sentence and might be said in the appropriate context – thismeans Ss have to imagine apossible context. And ask some Ss to repeat the best sentence.Example 1 (Activity 5):Several competitors all wanted the contract, but the management felt particular loyalty to just oneinvestment company so they enabled that company to win the contract. Example 2 (Activity 5):Personally, I don’t think you should enable your friend to make an investment just because of loyalty toa company with bad management; rather she should make the investment with a competitor and have aproper contract.Example 3 (Activity 7):I really don’t wish to dwell on the way the manager threatened to change the delivery date of the corematerials, because your arguments about membership of the trade organization prevailed over what hewas suggesting.Example 4 (Activity 7):We prevailed over our competitors who belong to the core membership of the European Union when theythreatened to dwell on endless discussion about the delivery of new services.8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Does an intermediary try to get two people or groups to (a) agree, or (b) disagree with each other?A place in society Unit 51712 Is your successor in a job the person who comes (a) after, or (b) before you?3 If you have been nominated for a job, have you been (a) formally, or (b) only informally appointed?4 Is a go-between someone who (a) takes messages between two people, or (b) prevents them fromcommunicating?5 Is an individualist someone who (a) is, or (b) isn’t dependent on other people?6 If you can stand on your own feet, can you (a) look after yourself, or (b) see further than most people?7 Does parental advice come from (a) the government, or (b) your mother and / or father?Reading and interpreting9 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The story in the passage is an example of (b) .(a) a clash between two people with very different personalities(b) the difference between an “individualist” and a “collectivist” approach to business(c) the problem which occurs when people do business in a foreign language(d) a failure to do business2 The fact that most people in the world live in collectivist societies means(c) .(a) people don’t like to be alone(b) people need a lot of help to bring up their children(c) putting the needs of a group first helps protect the individual(d) people are taught not to stand on their own feet3 An “in-group”, or “we” group is (c) .(a) people who work for the same company(b) other people of your own age in society(c) the group which gives you your identity(d) a group you choose to belong to4 Children in collectivist societies (b) .(a) grow up in small families(b) are likely to be very loyal to their family(c) prefer having a lot of people to help look after them(d) are controlled by their family5 Children in individualist societies (b) .(a) are unlikely to have many playmates(b) are likely to leave home when they become adults(c) find it difficult to have relationships with other people(d) think of themselves as members of a groupLanguage in useword formation: pro- and anti-1 Look at the sentence from the passage Dinner at Joanne’s and answer the questions.She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions andanti-capital punishment, as fine aprogressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic.1 If she was pro-abortion, was she in favour of or against the possibility of having an abortion?She was in favour of the possibility of having an abortion.。

Unit 4Reading 1Language points1 Work in corporate America (Title)Corporate America is a general term given to a large non-government-owned organization or companyin the United States, eg a bank, a marketing research company etc. It has both positive and negativeconnotations. Positively, it means that a company or an organization produces wealth and improvespeople’s living standards in a free market and competitive society by p eople working together to achievethe goals. This mainly refers to financial gains and success. Negatively, it seems to indicate the promotionof self-interest, financial gains, greed and irresponsibility in the workplace.2 It is not surprising that modern children tend to look blank and dispirited when ... (Para 1)To look blank means that modern children show no sign of understanding or emotion about the corporateworkplace, they seem unresponsive and have blank looks.Someone who is dispirited does not have the hope, enthusiasm or interest that they had earlier; they are inlow spirits or downhearted.3 The parent could take his offspring to his place of business and let him watch while he repaired abuggy or built a table. (Para 2)A buggy is a vehicle used for babies and toddlers by carers (parents, grandparents and adults in caringprofessions), to push them around. It is also called a pushchair. In the US, it is called a stroller.4 When a child asked … his father could answer in terms that a child could come to grips with, suchas “I fix steam engines” or “I make horse collars”. (Para 3)The expression come to grips with normally means to face up to a problem, situation or difficult job anddeal with it. Here, it means that someone gets to understand something that is difficult or unpleasant. It hasthe similar meaning as to come to terms with, tackle, handle, manage etc. Horse collars are made of leather and fit around animals’ necks to allow themto pull heavy things. Whenhorses are used to pull carts or carriages they wear horse collars. Here, in corporate America, this is adeliberate image of something very old-fashioned, just like steam engines.5 How can he possibly envision anyone analyzing a system or researching a market? (Para 5)The word envision is a verb which means to show a visual scene in your mind, to imagine something thatis outside your experience, which has not happened or does not exist.6 Even grown men … and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled about what aspace salesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze asystem. (Para 6)The expression it is a safe bet means that the speaker or writer is sure about something (they would bewilling to risk money to confirm it).Changing times Unit 4117A space salesman deals with the arrangements for the use of space in offices and other places: How manyrooms might be needed for what purposes, what sorts of work people do in particular offices and how theoffice furniture and equipment can best be arranged for the maximum effectiveness, how much it coststo rent or use office accommodation in different parts of a city ... But probably, a space salesman mainlydeals with people who want to rent office space.In this sentence the writer is saying he is quite sure that neither the systems analyst nor the spacesalesman knows about each other’s work and what they actually do.7 The machines that make things make them in such a fashion that they will quickly fall apart insuch a way that repairs will be prohibitively expensive. (Para 7)The expression in such a fashion means in a particular way or manner.The cost is prohibitively expensive when it prevents you from buying something, as it is beyond the limitsof what you can afford. Or, we may say the cost is prohibitive.The sentence means that the machines make things in such a way that they will break or fall into piecesso that they can’t be cheaply repaired. It is implied that the things are made to be short-lasting so that themanufacturers can sell more later.8 The handful of people remotely associated with these machines can, of course,tell their inquisitivechildren “Daddy makes junk”. (Para 8)Inquisitive children are those who like to ask lots of questions, especially things that adults do not wantto talk about.9 Most of the workforce, however, is too remote from junk production to sense any contribution tothe industry. (Para8)The sentence means most workers are distant from the process of junk production so they do not feel thattheir work has any part in it.10 Others telephone to ascertain the whereabouts of paper. (Para 12)The expression ascertain the whereabouts of something means to find out where something is.11 Back at the office, the father orders the paper retyped and reproduced in quintuplicate, and thensent to another man for comparison with paper that was reproduced in triplicate last year. (Para 16)The word quintuplicate means that something is made into five copies. To quadruplicate means to makeinto four copies; triplicate three copies; and duplicate two copies. Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 old, broken or useless things (junk)2 relating to large companies, or a particular large company (corporate)3 to not approve of someone or something (disapprove)4 to form a picture of someone or something in your mind (visualize)5 an agreement in which you risk an amount of money by saying what you think will happen (bet)6 to find out something (ascertain)7 the space at the left or right side of a page where words are not usually printed or written (margin)8 to discuss something with other people in order to reach a decision (confer)9 important, respected, and admired (eminent)10 to twist your face into an expression that shows you are angry (scowl)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 It’s not easy to visualize what life was like in the age of the steam engine.2 If you disapprove of these plans, you should let me know exactly what you find wrong with them.3 Thomas’ room is full of junk like broken electrical equipment and old computer parts he doesn’t need.4 My bet is that this type of job w on’t give you much satisfaction.5 We’re going to need some time to confer with our lawyers before we make a decision.6 The margins of the pages in this document have all been written on.7 We can’t accept your application, without ascertaining the authenticity of your qualifications.8 It was a corporate decision to close the bank, not the choice of any individual.9 She’s a very nice person, and a very eminent professor.10 Why is he scowling at me? What have I done?6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the following words. You may need to makeother changes.1 A curious child is often eager to inquire about the jobs their parents do. (inquisitive)An inquisitive child is often eager to inquire about the jobs their parents do.2 Most people think the decision they took is impossible to understand. (incomprehensible)3 Could you write down any ideas you have during the meeting on this piece of paper? (jot)4 You are very careful about noticing details if you can remember exactly what the manager was wearing.(observant)5 I’m afraid we don’t know the place where Helen is right now. (whereabouts) I’m afraid we don’t know the whereabouts of Helen.Changing times Unit 41196 Don’t be unhappy and lacking in enthusiasm. I’m sure one of the app lications will be successful.(dispirited)7 I’d like to buy an open top car, but they’re all so terribly expensive. (prohibitively)7 Answer the questions about the expressions.1 If you look blank about something, do you (a) understand, or (b) not understand it?2 If you come to grips with a problem, do you (a) start to deal with it, or (b) stop thinking about it?3 When something falls apart, is it (a) in the wrong place, or (b) broken?4 When something wears out, does it (a) not look very nice, or (b) become old and unusable?5 If you mull over a problem, do you (a) think carefully about it for a longtime, or (b) quickly solve it?6 Do people sometimes say “It beats me” because they (a) understand, or (b) don’t understand something?Active reading (2)Language points1 There’s nothing new about our obsession with the new, says Dominic Sandbrook. (Introduction)Obsession is an emotional state in which someone or something is so important that you are alwaysthinking about them, in a way that seems extreme to other people.2 We live in a world of unprecedented, dazzling change. (Para 1)The word unprecedented means never having happened or existed before, eg an unprecedented situation,an unprecedented change.3 Thanks to globalization, national frontiers are collapsing around us, while technological innovationsare fundamentally reshaping our lives in ways we can barely comprehend. (Para 1)Because of the situation of globalization –that the whole world is developing a single complex economy,communication system and culture –it seems that there are no national borders and new technologies areinfluencing our lives in basic ways which we cannot really understand.4 So run the clichés, anyway. (Para 2)A cliché refers to a phrase or idea that is boring because people use it a lot, and it is no longer original andsounds empty. The expression so run the clichés means these are the clichés you often hear.5 But it is only our obsession with novelty, ignorance of deeper historical patterns and arrogantinsistence on our own importance that leads us into this kind of talk. (Para 2)Historical patterns refer to major events in history which make patterns because they are related to eachother or similar.Changing times Unit 41256 Yet there is a good case that we do not, in fact, live in very interesting times at all. (Para 2)A case here is a set of facts or arguments that you can state for or againstsomething. A case forsomething is positive support or a good case; a case against something is a counter-argument or reasonswhy the case is not valid; a poor case is weak and does not have solid facts or reasons behind it. You canstate, make or argue a case.7 Take the example of globalization, which, according to its American champion, Thomas Friedman ...influencing “the politics, environment, geopolitics and economics of virtually every country in theworld”. (Para 3)The word champion here refers to someone who publicly supports or defends a set of beliefs or politicalaims, ie a strong supporter.Geopolitics means the study of how a country’s position, economy or population can influence itspolitics, especially in relation to other countries.8 The Roman Empire, for example, is nothing if not a multi-ethnic, multicultural, transnationalentity … (Para 4)The word transnational means affecting or involving several countries. The prefix trans- means across.9 And for all the hype about the Internet, the brutal truth is that most of us use it to do remarkablyold-fashioned things ... (Para 6)Hype refers to the use of a lot of advertisements or other publicity to influence or interest people. To hypeup means to make something sound more interesting or impressive than it is. The brutal truth refers to the truth that is extremely honest, given in a way that seems unkind.10 We are always being told that the Internet has “opened up” the world, yeta staggering 90 per centof all web traffic is local. (Para 6)The word staggering means extremely surprising. Many people would think that much or most use, ortraffic, of the World Wide Web would be global or international, but the writer says that, surprisingly, 90 percent is local.11 When Stanley Kubrick’s film 2001: A Space Odyssey … talking to sentient computers and living onthe Moon. (Para 7)Sentient computers are computers which are capable of feeling things through the physical senses.12 But the cinema-goers of 1968 would have been deeply disappointed to realizethat in fact theywould be living in Milton Keynes and watching Midsomer Murders. (Para 7) This sentence presents a contrast with the previous sentence which gave a picture that people had in 1968of possibly going into space. Instead, their future turned out to be living in a very ordinary town of manynew streets which all seem identical (like Milton Keynes) and watching detective stories about ruralvillages on TV (like Midsomer Murders, a TV series based in rural southern England).13 Even our neophilia is nothing new. (Para 8)The prefix neo- means modern or new. The suffix -phile describes someone who loves or likes something;thus an anglophile likes English things, a francophile likes French things, a sinophile likes Chinesethings. The word neophilia means the love of new things or novelties.14 If so, then we are lucky, because we don’t. (Para 10)We are lucky because we don’t live in interesting times, which means we should avoid the chaos andanxiety of interesting times.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 an emotional state in which someone or something is so important to you that you are always thinkingabout them (obsession)2 the study of the way that goods and services are produced and sold and the way money is managed(economics)3 to proudly tell other people about what you have done or can do, or about something you own (boast)4 a car (automobile)5 an area or town near a large city but away from its centre, where there are many houses, especially formiddle-class people (suburb)6 a new idea, method, piece of equipment etc (innovation)7 something that you suggest is true, although you do not say it directly (implication)8 the limits of your experience (horizons)6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.1 The middle-class dream used to be to live in a peaceful suburb and own a new automobile.2 Today we have an obsession with healthy lifestyles and the latest technological innovations.3 He has good reason to boast about the progress he has made in his career.4 The implication is obvious: We are beginning to understand the impact of globalization.5 Most of us need a professor of economics to explain how our horizons have been pushed back by theopening up of new world markets.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.Teaching tipsSs need to realize that some adjectives, eg unprecedented and plausible, that you are going to insertshould go before the nouns.1 The water has risen to levels which we have never seen before. (unprecedented) The water has risen to unprecedented levels.2 Can you give me any reason which I can believe to explain what has happened? (plausible)Can you give me any plausible reason to explain what has happened?3 I think that the decision was based on the fact that he doesn’t know anything. (ignorance)I think that the decision was based on his ignorance.4 The news you’ve just given me is absolutely incredible. (staggering)5 I hope this crisis will be followed by a period in which there is no change. (stability)6 Are computers the best thing that ever happened to us, or a piece of bad luck caused by someone whowants to hurt us? (curse)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.Teaching tipsTo go over the answers, T gives ten Ss a number, each between one and ten. T calls “One”, then S1 readsQuestion 1 to the class. He / She should choose the correct answer and make it a complete sentence. Tcalls “Two” and S2 reads Question 2 etc. T doesn’t need to say anything unless a student gives a wronganswer. In that case, T should ask other Ss to help them.Changing times Unit 41291 If a change is dazzling, is it (a) very impressive, or (b) not impressive at all?2 If you use clichés in your writing, does your writing (a) contain some boring words or ideas thatpeople have used a lot, or (b) contain lots of fresh thoughts?3 If someone is arrogant, do they think that they (a) never, or (b) always know better than everyone else?4 Is an entity something that (a) has, or (b) doesn’t have internal unity?5 If you behave in a brutal way, are you (a) very gentle, or (b) very violent?6 Do people who always grumble never seem (a) happy, or (b) unhappy about anything?7 If you brag about something, do you talk (a) in a proud way that annoys people, or (b) patientlybecause it is hard to understand?8 Is the advent of something another way of talking about (a) the appearance, or (b) the disappearanceof something?9 If you refer to the magnitude of a problem, do you think that it might be (a) big, or (b) small?10 If something happens in the wake of something else, does it (a) come before it, or (b) follow it?Language in usein such a way / fashion that …1 Rewrite the sentences using in such a way / fashion that …1 Because of the way this office is built, it is difficult to avoid wasting energy on heating.This office is built in such a way that it is difficult to avoid wasting energy on heating.2 Due to the way in which the instructions were written, I couldn’t understand how to assemble theproduct.The instructions were written in such a fashion that I couldn’t understand how to assemble the product.3 Because of the way in which they welcomed me, I immediately felt at home in the new office.They welcomed me in such a way that I immediately felt at home in the new office.4 Due to the way in which problems are dealt with, it is unlikely that the top managers ever get to knowabout them.The problems are dealt with in such a fashion that it is unlikely that the top managers ever get to knowabout them.5 Because of the way in which I was taught English, I will probably never forget it.I was taught English in such a way that I will probably never forget it.word formation: in-, un-, dis-2 Look at the sentences from the passage Work in corporate America and answer the question.What do the prefixes in-, un- and dis- have in common?They are all negative prefixes meaning not.3 Replace the underlined words with the word in brackets and the appropriate prefix. You may need tomake other changes.1 I’m afraid Matthew has turned out to be no good at his job. (competent) I’m afraid Matthew has turned out to be incompetent at his job.2 I don’t have the same opinion as you. I think he’s doing fine. (agree)I disagree with you. I think he’s doing fine.3 If you click here, you can cancel the last change you made to the document. (do)If you click here, you can undo the last change you made to the document.4 How many people are without a job in this town? (employed)How many people are unemployed in this town?5 I didn’t know that you had introduced all these new rules. (aware)I was unaware that you had introduced all these new rules.6 Obviously, it wasn’t o ur intention not to obey the orders. (obey) Obviously, it wasn’t our intention to disobey the orders.Unit 4 Changing times1347 I’ve had a look at the report and I think it is not complete. (complete) I’ve had a look at the report and I think it is incomplete.8 I don’t know my colleagues very well, but I don’t have any bad feelings towards them. (like)I don’t know my colleagues very well, but I don’t dislike them.9 I’m afraid that software is not compatible with our system. (compatible) I’m afraid that software is incompatible with our system.for all + noun phrase4 Rewrite the sentences using for all + noun phrase.1 Although we are concerned about the environment, there is little that we can do to protect it.For all our concern about the environment, there is little that we can do to protect it.2 He has a lot of knowledge about the world of finance, but he doesn’t seem to know how to invest moneywisely.For all his knowledge about the world of finance, he doesn’t seem to know how to invest money wisely.3 Although she said a lot of kind words, I don’t think she really appreciated just how much time we hadspent on this project.For all her kind words, I don’t think she really appreciated just how much time we had spent on this project.4 He has hundreds of bright ideas about developing new products, but he never seems able to put themdown on paper.For all his bright ideas about developing new products, he never seems able to put them down on paper.5 I do have a lot of doubts about this new software, but I recognize that it is quite innovative.For all my doubts about this new software, I recognize that it is quite innovative.as + adj. …as5 Rewrite the sentences using as + adj. …as.1 I am confused about how to apply for the job. Similarly, they are confused about who can apply.I am as confused about how to apply for the job as they are about who can apply.2 My wife and I were worried about staying longer than we were supposed to. Similarly, our hosts wereworried that we might not have enjoyed the meal.My wife and I were as worried about staying longer as our hosts were that we might not have enjoyedthe meal.3 Our generation knows little about cassette recorders and record players. Similarly our parents knowlittle about iPods and MP3 players.Our generation knows as little about cassette recorders and record players as our parents know aboutiPods and MP3 players.4 We are curious about what he does for a living. Similarly, he is curious about what our company does.We are as curious about what he does for a living as he is about what our company does.Changing times Unit 41355 I have very little idea about how to shoe a horse. Similarly, he doesn’t have much idea about how torepair a motorbike.I have as little idea about how to shoe a horse as he has about how to repaira motorbike.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 margin This word usually means the space at the side of a page where you don’t write anything.(a) Do you have a habit of jotting notes in the margin when reading books? Yes, I do. But other people just take notes on a separate piece of paper because they don’t want tospoil the book.(b) If you win an election by a narrow margin, how big is the victory?The victory is not big; it is just a narrow or close victory.(c) What sort of problems are faced by people who live on the margins of society? They may face social and economic problems because they have fewer opportunities and may findit difficult to join the mainstream society.(d) If the margin of error in a calculation is very small, what are the chances that the calculation iswrong?The chances are small and any errors are likely to be very small.2 ignorance This word usually means lack of knowledge or facts about something.(a) If an answer that you give betrays your ignorance, how do you feel?You feel embarrassed because your answer has shown people your ignorance and most people donot like to show this in public.(b) Do you think that ignorance of the law can ever be an excuse for breaking it?It’s a human excuse because it means that you didn’t know the law on that point, but it is not a legalexcuse.(c) Do you know of any decisions that have been taken but which were based on ignorance?Yes. In the early days of the stock market in China, some people bought sharesin the belief that allshares would make money quickly, but later they lost money when the shares lost value. They boughtthe shares in ignorance about how the market works and they had little idea of the risks.3 sheer This word is usually used for emphasizing the amount or degree of something.(a) If somebody tells you that your company is sheer delight, how would you feel?I would feel complimented because that’s a nice thing to say to anyone. (b) If you were overcome by sheer weight of numbers, was it the quality or quantity of the oppositionthat defeated you?It would have been the quantity of the opposition, eg the large number of opponents.(c) Do you think it is easy to climb a sheer cliff face?Not at all, because that kind of cliff is nearly vertical and it is very difficult to climb without training.Unit 4 Changing times1367 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 Even grown men who do market research have trouble visualizing what a public relations man doeswith his day, and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled about what a spacesalesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools needed to analyze a system.即使是那些从事市场研究工作的成年人也难很想象公关部的人每天都在做些什么。

Unit 1Active reading (1)5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 achieving good results (productive)2 the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc (attendance)3 the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change (resistance)4 determined to be successful, rich, famous etc (ambitious)5 agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion (acceptance)6 the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc (script)7 very good, large, or showing great skill (impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.(1) attendance(2) ambitious(3) productive(4) impressive(5) resistance(6) script(7) acceptance7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 (mortgage)2 (deck)3 (surf)4 (coastal; defy)5 (lengthy)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 (b)2 (a)3 (b)4 (b)5 (b)6 (a)7 (b)8 (b)Active reading (2)4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 involving three things of the same kind (triple)2 an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery)3 the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)4 a book that someone writes about someone else’s life (biography)5 to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it (budding)7 continuing only for a limited time or distance (finite)8 to pass (elapse)5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1 elapsed ,cemetery2 rear,crammed3 triple4 budding ,biography5 finite6 Answer the questions about the words.1 (a)2 (b)3 (a)4 (a)5 (b)6 (b)7 (a)8 (a)7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 (a)2 (b)3 (b)4 (a)5 (a)6 (b)7 (b)8 (b)9 (a)Language in use (Omitted)7 Translate the paragraphs into English.1 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。

新标准大学英语综合教程3课后翻译答案Unit1英译中（也是背诵段落)1 。

We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here，that we would never get a chance like this again，and we became determined not to waste it。

我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了,所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴.Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year。

当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要.No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class，so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong。

我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。

Libraries which were once empty after five o'clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning.以前每天下午五点以后,图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座。

Guys wore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride，like medals proving their diligence。

小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪,却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章.2 Tomorrow？It's all a lie；there isn’t a tomorrow。

《新标准大学英语综合教程3》课后习题答案Unit 1(productive)(attendance)(resistance)(ambitious)(acceptance)(script)(impre ssive)Unit 6(extinguish)(toll) (nightmare)(tragedy)(utmost)(heroism)7.happening in a confused way and without any order or organization (chaotic)For a firefighter arriv ing on the scene of a fire the first few minutes are usually the mostActive reading(2)(delegate)(ascribe)(correspondent)(genius)(dominate)(unconscious) (oversee)character. She became involved in politics because of her sense of right and wrong and an (7) need to help people.Active reading(2)(persevere)(literally)(venture)(confidence)(sustain)(frustrated)I never thought I would become a musician. I’ve always liked music, but didn’t study it at school and I found it a bit (1) not to be able to read music or to sing in tune. That is, until the day I decided to learn to play the piano. It was quite a difficultActive reading(2)(humble)(justify) (undergo)feast)(calendar)(youngster)(charm)(goodness) (preach)mankind.Unit 9Active reading(1)(heir)(successive)(dominant)(migrate)(historic)(prior to)(resident) (administrative) (conquest)time, the language was Anglo-Saxon, an early form of English. Thus, almost overnight, the (4)language of Britain – the language of the courts, for example, becamebecame the (9)language. By the time of Shakespeare, it was clear that the English language had survived the invasion.Unit 10Active reading(1)(fairy(morality)(deliberately)(secondary)(misleading)(durable)(myth)modern versions of the same stories.。

Unit 1Active reading (1)Catching crabsLanguage points1… and we all started to get our heads down … (Para 1)To get one 7 s head down means to concentrate and focus on studying. In other British informal contexts, it can mean to sleep. Note also, to keep one" s head down means to continue to do something quietly, especial 1y when there is trouble happening around you.Unit 1 Discovering yourself2Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. (Para 1)This is a conversational elliptical sentence. A standard way of saying this is：The most important things, of course, were the final exams in Apri 1 and May in the following year.3No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. (Para 1)Peer group pressure is the pressure to conform that people, especially children and youngpeople, oftenfeel from the immediate group of those around them who are of the same age or status.4Libraries … were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys wore the bagsunder their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their diligence. (Para 1) The expression standing room only means there are no more seats avai table because the place is crowded. This expression is often used in public performances, for sports events and on public transport to mean that you have to stand because the place is packed with people・Bags under thoir eyes refer to loose dark areas ofskin that you got when you have not had enough sleep.The expressi on guys wore the bags under their eyes wi th pride means tha t tho st udon ts were proud that their tired appearanee showed how hard they had been studying, and the bags under their eyes were 1ike medals.5It wasn，t always the high flyers with the top grades who knew what they were going to do. (Para 2)A high flyer refers to someone who has achieved a lot and has the ability and determination to continue to be successful in their studies or job. In university, a high flyer is a top student・6Quite often it was the quieter, less impressive students who had the next stages of their life mapped out. (Para 2)To h&ve something mapped out means to have something that will happen planned in detail.7One had landed a job in his brother，s advertising firm in Madison Avenue, another had got a script under provisional acceptance in Hollywood. (Para 2)To land a job means to got a job that you wanted.Provisional acceptance refers to sn acceptanee whi ch is arranged (in princi ple), but is not yet definite. 11 is temporary and could be changed.8The most ambitious student among us was going to work as a party activist at a local level. (Para 2) A party activist is someone who takes part in activities that are intended to achieve political change, someone who is a member of a political organization.9We all saw him ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day. (Para 2)To end up somewhere means to be in a particular place or state after doing something or because of it.Here, a party activist might end up in Congress, as a resuIt of making career progress.10But most people were either looking to continue their studies … and then settle down with a family, a mortgage and some hope of promotion. (Para 2)To look to continue their studies here means to hope or expect to continue their studies - whether they can do so would probably depend on their exam resuIts and grades. You can also look to someone for help、advice or support. Discovering yourself Unit 1A mortgage is a legal agrccment in which you borrow money from a bank or financial organization in order to buy a house. You pay back your mortgage by making monthly payments, pl us interest. Thus, getting a mortgage for many young people means getting a flat or house of their own.11I braced myself for some resistance to the idea. (Para 10)A brace is a piece of wood or metal which supports an object so that it does not fall down. So to brace oneself means to hold oneself together in readiness for something difficuIt or unpleasant.12You don' t need to go into a career which pays well just at the moment. (Para 16)To go into a career means to start working in a particular job, business or career.13Several times the crab tried to defy his fellow captives， without luck. (Para 25)The crab tried to defy the others as it resisted others or refused to obey them when it tried to escape. The expression without luck means without success, being unable to do what you want・Reading and understanding3Choose the best summary of what happened in the crab cage.3The cage was full of crabs. One of them was trying to escape, but each time it reached the top the other erabs pulled it back. In the end it gave up trying and started to provent other crabs from escaping・4Choose the best answer to the questions.1What happened to the students in the fal1 of the final year?(a)They became more relaxed.(b)They became more serious.(c)They spent more time outside.(d)They stopped going to lessons.2Why did some people have bags under their eyes in the morning?(a)They" d been to an all-night party.(b)They， d started worrying about their future.(c)They5 d spent all night in the library.(d)They wanted to impress their teachers.3Which students had already planned their future?(a)The ones who had the best grades.(b)The ones who came from wealthy families・(c)The quieter ones who dicin' t have the best grades.(d)The ones who wan ted to get married and start a family. 4Why did the writer go home?(a)lie wan ted to speak to his fat her.(b)He could st udy bet ter at home t han at college ・(c)He had to attend a job interview.(d)Tt was a nationsl holiday.Unit 1 Discoven ng yourself5Why did his father take him out to catch crabs?(a)They needed to get something to eat for dinner•(b)He wanted to show him how to catch crabs.(c)He wanted to tell him something about life.(d)They both wanted to onjoy the coastline and the sea.6What advice did his father give him?(a)Get to know yourself better.(b)Watch what others do carefully.(c)Always liston to your father.(d)You can' t always do what you want.Dealing with unfamiliar words5Match the words in the box with their def i nit ions. 1achicving good resuIts (productivo)the fact of being present st an event, or the refusal to accept something new, such determined to be successful, rich, famous agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion thewritton words of a play, film, telcvisionprogramme, speech etc (script) very good, 1arge, or showing great ski 11 (impressive)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.To be a successful film scriptwriter takes more than training although (1) attendance on a screenwriting course will definitely help you learn the skills. You also need to be very (2) ambitious - the film business is very competitive. You have to be prepared to work hard and be very (3) productivo because it takos more than just one good idea to mako it big. No matter how (4) impressive your idea is, there wi11 always be (5) resistance from producers because it' s too expensive. So make sure you have plenty of others to show them. What are you waiting for? Get on with writing that brilliant(6) script and plan your (7) acceptance speech for when you win your first Oscar!7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 We 5 ve seen a place we like and wo' re applying for a loan to buy a house, (mortgage)2 We stood on the top floor of the boat and wstched the coast disappear into the horizon. (deck)3 I love to walk along the beach and watch the waves breaking, and the white water hitting the shore, (surf)4 In seaside areas in the north-east of the country, life is hard and fishermen have to go against the forces of nature every time they go to work, (coastai ； defy)5 Agreement was finally reached after a long and heated discussion. (lengthy)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you watch an impromptu performanee of something, has it (a) been prepared, or (b) nol been prepared?2 When you map out your future, do you (a) plan it carefully, or (b) draw a sketch of it on paper?Discovering yourself Unit 12 3 4 5 6 of going regularly to school, church etc (attendsnce) asa plan, idea, or change (resistanee) etc (ambitious) (acceptance)3If you brace yourself for something unplcasant, do you (a) try not to think about it, or (b) prepare yourself for it mentai 1y and physical1y?4Do you moor a boat by (a) turning the steering wheel, or (b) tying it to a post with a rope?5Is a rusty piece of metal something that (a) is bright and shiny, or (b)might have been left out in the rain and is covered with brown substance?6If a bowl is brimming with soup, is it (a) very full, or (b) half empty?7If someone is being held captive, are they (a) free to do as they pl ease, or (b) being kept as aprisoner?8If you have figured out something, have you (a) added numbers together, or (b) understood it?Active reading (2)2Work in pairs. Look at the title of the passage and choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1 The passage wi11 be (c) •(a)a newspaper article about life expectancy(b)a sad story about death(c)advice about how to make the most of your life(d)a warning that modern lifestyles are bad for hea1thUnit 1 Discovering yourself122 The passage is likely to be (d) •(a)serious(b)funny(c)depressing(d)a mixture of al 1 threelikely to say (b) •3 The passage is(a) young peopledon， t think enough about death (b)life is short(c) people are dying unnecessari]y(d) people don ， t enjoy life enoughWe are all dyingBackgroundinformationThe passage is taken from Everything That Happens to Me Is Good, a book of thoughts, expertences and insights from the life of Geoff Thompson. The writer worked in many different jobs, including nine years as a “bouncer n in a nightclub in London (a bouncer has the tough job of making sure that no one causes trouble, eg if they are rude, drunk or violent), lie then trained full-time in karate, judo and other martial arts and became well-known as a martial arts instruetor. Ho lived out his dream to become a writer, authoringLanguage points1 I have some good news and some bad news for you (as the joke goes). The bad news - and I ，m very- sorry to be the bearer - is that we are all dying. It' s true. I ，ve checked it out. (Para 1) Good news and bad news are often paired together in jokes and in commonts on new information or recent events where there is a mixture of positive and negative aspects, eg The good news is •… But the bad news is … over 30 books on self-defeneo and sclf-improvement and has recently screen. wherever there is discomfort thereAsked what he had 1 earnt from his years in martial arts, he is growth, but what people do is and there' s no growth in comfort ・ So look for areas of growth that and learn to become comfortabic in been making films and writing for thesaid, "The main thing I’ ve 1 earned is that to look for growth in areas of comfort - areuncomfortable but allow you to grow,those areas.To check something out means to examine something or someone in order to be certain that everything is correct, true, satisfactory or acceptable. Check this out! is an attention-getting exclamation which means here， s something interesting to have a look at.2… we are all going to be either coffin dwellers or trampled ash in the rose garden of some local cemetery. (Para 1) Coffin is a long box in which a dead person is buried. The expression coffin dweller is a humorous way to refer to dead people.The expression trampled ash in the rose garden of some local cemetery refers jokingly to the ashes of a dead person placed in a cometery garden where people walk on the buried ashes.Discoven ng yourself Unit 1133After all, we never quite know when the hooded, scythe-carrying, bringer-of-the-last-breath might come-a-cal1ing. (Para 1)The expression the hooded, scytho-carrying, bringcr-of-the-last breath refers to the reaper, a person who reaps or cuts corn for the harvest and is a symbol of death from medieval times of the West. A reaper is personified as a tall figure dressed in a black cloak with a hood covering his face and carrying a scythe, a cutting tool with a long curved metal blade used for cutting, or reaping long grass or corn. The reaper brings death or brings your last breath. The expression when the reaper arrives means when death comes to you.4… and nothing underlines the uncertainty and absolute frailty of humanity like the untimely exit of a friend. (Para 1) The word exit here means leaving this world or death. The word untimely means happening at a time that is not suitable because it causes problems. An untimely death is too soon or when a person is young.5Knowing that we are all budding crypt-kickers takes away all the uncertainty of life. (Para 3)That we are all budding crypt-kickers is a humorous way of saying that we are al 1 potentially soon to be buried, ie dead. 6The prologue and epilogue are already typed in. All that，s left is the middle bit … choose the meat of the story. (Para3)A prologue is a piece of writing at the star t of a bo ok, or the begin ning of a play, film or TV programmethat introduces a story. An epilogue is at the end of a novel, play or piece of writing, which carries an extra comment or extra informstion about what happens after the main story. Here, the writer' s point is that the prologue (birth) and epilogue (end, death) of your life are already written, but we all choose to write the middle bit - the meat of the story. 7So, all those plans that you have on the back burner, you know, the greatthings you，re going to dowith your life “when the time is right” ？(Para 4)A hack burner is literally one of the back parts of a cooker which is used for heating or cooking food. Metaphorically, if you put something on the back burner, it means you have decided not to do it unti1 later. It is atthe back of the cooker, just simmering or cooking slowly, so you don， tgive it priority because it doesn5 t need your full attention. The expression this back-burner stuff (Para 10) thus refers to thingswhich have low priority and got little attention.8There" s only a promissory note that we are often not in a position to cash. (Para 5)A promissory note is a document giving detai 1s of your promise to pay someone a particular amount of money by a particular date. The writer means that tomorrow, or the future, is like a promissory note for which you never get the cash, because the future never comes unless you act now and use time wisely, as if tomorrow is today.9… but regret and a rear-view mirror full of "could haves” , a should haves” and “would haves" . (Para 5) A rear-view mirror is a mirror fixed to the front window of a car that lets the driver see what is happening behind. Here, the mirror refers to the past, which is behind us. We don" t want such a mirror full of regrets about things we could / should / would have done, but did not do.Unit 1 Discovering yourself1410I love watching people ingeniously stack the cucumber around the side of the bowl - like they" re filling a skip - and then cramming it so high that they have to hire a forklift truck to get it back to the table … They just know that they only have one shot at it. (Para 6)A skip is a large metal container used in the building industry for wasto； it is carried away by a truckwhen it is ful!•A fork/ift truck is a vehicle that uses two long metal bars at the front for 1ifting and moving heavy objects. The writer is using the images of a skip and a truck to emphasize how people use the opportunity to serve themselves, because they only have one shot - they only have one chance or attempt, they can" t return for more salad in this type of buffet, so they make the most of this opportunity.11So what I’ m thinking is (and this is not molecular science) … (Para 10)It means this is not specialized knowledge. It' s not rocket science； it' s simple and straightforward・12The right time is the cheque that" s permanently in the post, it never arrives. (Para 10)That the cheque is in the post means money has been sent, its on its way. This is often said as an excuse for late payment, so if the cheque' s permanently in the post, it means the money never comes.13It， s the girl who keeps us standing at the corner of the Co-op looking like a spanner … She' s stood us up. (Para 10)The expression looking like a spanner on the street corner means he 1 ooks awkward and out of place, waitifor a girl who is late and never arrives.To stand someone up means not to come to meet them when you have arranged to meet them, especially someono with whom you are having or starting a romantic rclationship・ The word us is an informal and persorml way to include others who will recognize that this is a typical experienee.14Act now or your time will elapse and you， 11 end up as a sepia-coloured relative that no one can puta name to in a dusty photo album. (Para 13)The expression you7 11 end up as a sepia-coloured relative means that in the end you will be only anold half-forgotten photograph in a photo album・I can ' t put a name to someone is said when you halfrecognize a person but you car/ t quite remember his name.15Better to leave a biography as thick as a whale omelette than an epitaph. (Para 14)An omelette is flat round food made by mixing eggs together and cooking them. The expression as thick as a whale means extremely thick・ The writer means it is better to leave a very large biography than an epitaph, or, in other words, live a full life which is worth writing about・Reading and understending3Choose the best summary of the passage.3Life is short. So there" s no point in planning for a future which may never come. Now is the time to do what we want to do. There' s no time to lose.Dealing with unfamiliar words4Match the words in the box with their definitions.1involving three things of the same kind (triple)2an area of ground where dead people are buried (cemetery)Discovering yourself Unit 1153the part of a place or thing that is at the back (rear)4 a book that someone writes about someone else" s life (biography)5to put people or things into a space that is too small (cram)6at the very beginning of a career and likely to bo successful at it (budding)7continuing only for a limited timo or distance (finite)8to pass (elapse)5Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.1About two hours elapsed before we reached the cemetery where the war dead were buried.2I sat in the rear seat behind the driver. My three sistors were all crammed in tho front.3The entranee to the car park was blocked, so the road was ful1 of cars which had been tri ple-parked one against another, making it almost impossible to get past.4We have a number of budding authors in our class this year, one of whom has written a fascinating biography of his grandmother.5The time we have on this earth may be finit® but there are no limits to the human imagination.6 Answer the questions about the words.1 If you substantiate a claim, do you (a) prove it is true, or (b) persuade someone that it is true?2 If someone tramples over something, do they (a) pour water over it, or (b) wa1k al 1 over it?3 If someone J s arrival is untimely, is it (a) at the wrong moment, or (b) late?4 If events are described chrono1ogica 1ly y do they occur (a) in the order in which they happened, or no particular order?5 Is ingeniously likely to mean (a) artistically, or (b) cleverly?6 Is knackered an informal Bri tish word meaning (a) very relaxed, or (b) extremely tired?7 Is patently likely to mean (a) obviously, or (b) usually?8 When something is allotted to you, is it (a) given to you, or (b) taken from you?8 If you make the best of somet hi ng, do you (a) enjoy it while you can, or (b) work hard to make it a success? 9 If a girl stands you up, does she (a) fai1 to turn up for a date, or (b) refuse to sit down when you ask her to?(b) in 7 1 2 3 4 Answer the questions about If If If the phrases.do you (a) find you check somet hi ng out, you see some th i ng from the sidelines, do something is down to you, is it your (a) (a) will you look at it later, you have something on the back burner, out, you (a) take part bad luck, or (b) responsibility? or ⑹ or (b) not think about it?in the action, or (b) stay away from are you interested it? in it now?5 If6 If7 If you are time is you can chance to do in a positionticking away, 力日ye one shot it?to do somet hi ng, does it seem at something, are you (a) able, or (b) unable to do as if it wi11 last forever, or (b) to it? be passing quickly? (a) (a) are you allowed to shoot it, or (b) do you have only oneLanguage in useword formation: compound words1Find more examples of each use of hyphens in the passage We are all dying . •I’ ve double- and triple-checked it. (compound verb)•budding crypt-kickers (compound noun)•a rear-view mirror (compound adjective)•the once-a-year holiday to Florida or Spain (compound adjective)•back-burner stuff (compound adjective)•standing at the corner of the Co-op (compound noun)•a sepia-coloured relative that no one can put a name to (compound adjective) 2Rewrite the phrases using compound adjectives.1a party which is held late at night (a late-riight party)2a library which is we 11 stocked (a well-stocked 1ibrary)3a professor who is world famous (a world-famous professor)4some advice which is well timed (some well-timed advice)5a population which is growing rapidly (a rapidly-growing population)6an economy which is based on fmo markct (a free-market economy)7a boat trip which lasts for half an hour (a half-hour boat trip)It' s what / how ・・・ that ・••3Rewrite the sentences using It，s what / how … that …1What other people think of us is determinod by how we behave.It/ s how we behave that det erm ines what other people think of us.Unit 1 Discovering yourself202What sort of job we are going to end up doing is usually determined by our character.Tt ? s what our character is that usual 1 y determines what sort of job we are going to end up doing.3 What we do as a career isn' t always determined by the marks we get at university. It isn' t always what marks we get4 How we react to life ， s problems It is often what we experienced in5 Whon we die is determinod by our It/ s what our genetic clock is and whatchanges we make to it that determine when we die.It is / was not just that …but ・••4 Rewrite the sentences using It is / was not just that … but …1 Not only were the shops all closed for Thanksgiving, there was also no one in the streets.Tt wasn ，t just that the shops were al 1 closed for Thanksgiving, but there was no one in the streets.2 Not only did she spend all her time at college going to parties, she also took the time to gain a first-class degree. It wasn^ t just that she spent all her time at college going to parties, but she took the time to gain a firstclass degree.3 Not only were they not listening to what he said, it also seemed as if they weren‘ t at all interested・It wast just that they weret listening to what he said, but it seemed as if they weren ， t at all interested.4 Not only was I upset, I also felt as if I was going to burst out crying.It wasn' t just that I was upset, but I felt as if I was going to burst out crying.5 Not only was the Grim Reaper intended to frighten people, it was also a figure of fun.It wast just that the Grim Reaper was intonded to frightcn people, but it was also a figure of fun.collocations5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 settle When you settle somewhere you go there to stay.at uni vers ity that determine what we do as a career, is oftendetermined by our childhood experiences.ourchildhood that dotermines how we rcact to life' s problems, gonotic clock, and the changos we make to it.(a)Where is dust likely to settle in a room?On the surfaces that aret used very often or aret cleaned.(b)If you settle an argument, is the conclusion satisfactory?Yes, it is, because the disagreement is solved and each party is satisfied with the outcome.(c)If you settle the bill y what is there left to pay?Nothing, bccause you have paid overything that is owed・(d)What do you do when you settle back to watch a film?We relax in a comfortable chair and enjoy it.2smooth This word can mean flat or soft, comfortable, easy or confident.(a)If the sea is smooth, are you likely to feel seasick?No, because the sea is calm. We will feel seasick if it is rough・Discoven ng yourself Unit 121(b)If a changeover from one government to the next is smooth, are there lots of problems?No, because the changeover has gone well, without difficulties.(c)Is it a good idea to trust a smooth talkedNot n ecessari 1 y, because some people who talk con fide ntly 1 i ke that do so to trick you, like aconfidence trickster or conman.3offer This word can refer to something you would like someone to take, something someone gives, or something that is for sale.(a)If you decline an offer,do you say "yos” or "no” ?We say “no” , because we are refusing it.(b)If you offer an apology to someone for something you have done, what do you say?We shoul d say, “I apologize" or "T m sorry" •(c)Where are you likely to see special offerlIn a shop, becausc the shop is offering a special price or reduction for something.(d)If some one has a lot to offer, wha t kind of person are t hey?They are intel 1igent, talented, gifted or creative and they wi11 bring these kinds of qualities to their work.4bear If you bear something you carry or bring it. If you cannot bear something, you dislike it or cannot accept it. (a)If you bear something in mind y do you forget it?No, wo will remember it and consider it for a particular occasion in future.(b)If you bear a resemblance to some one, in what way are you like them?We look similar in certain physical features.(c)Is there anything you can ' t bear to think about?I can5 t bear to think too much about some of the problems in the world, famine, war, poverty etc. In the modern world, why don' t we just solve them?5resistaneo This word can refer to the refusal to accept something new, the ability not to be harmed by something, or opposition to someone or something.(a)If there is resistance to an idea、 do people accept it?No, not easily・ They refuse to accept the idea maybe because it" s just a bad idea, or they may changetheir mind if they undorstand it bettor.(b)If the soldiers met with resistance^ what happened?The soldiers met opposition from those they were fighting against.(c)Is there a way to build up your resistance to cold?Yes, we can keep ourselves as healthy as possible with a good diet and getting enough exercise sothat we are less likely to catch a cold, or if we do got one, we won， t suffer so badly.6Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chanee 1ike this again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important of course were the final exams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o' clock in the。

Unit 17 Translate the paragraphs into English.1 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。

有的人认为对未来应该有一个明确的目标和详细的计划，为日后可能遇到的挑战做好充分的准备；有的人则认为不用过多考虑未来，因为未来难以预料。

(map out; brace oneself for; uncertainty)Students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university.Some think they should have a definite goal and detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for anychallenges, whereas some others think they don’t have to think much about the future, because future isfull of uncertainties.2 经过仔细检查，这位科学家得知自己患了绝症。

虽然知道自己将不久于人世，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是准备好好利用剩下的日子，争取加速推进由他和同事们共同发起的那个研究项目，以提前结项。

(tick away; make the best of; have a shot at)After a very careful check-up, the scientist was told he had got a fatal disease. Although he knew thathis life was ticking away, instead of complaining about the fate, the scientist decided to make the best ofthe remaining days, and speed up the research project he and his colleagues initiated, and have a shot atcompleting it ahead of schedule.Unit 2Reading and understanding3 Answer the questions.1 What were Sylvia Plath’s most important memories?She remembered winning a prize, Paula Brown’s new suit and the view from her window.2 Where did she live and what could she see from her bedroom window?She lived on the bay side of town, on Johnson Avenue, and she could see the lights of Boston and LoganAirport from her bedroom window.3 What did the view make her want to do?It made her want to fly in her dreams.4 Why did she have such vivid dreams?Because she was rarely tired when she went to bed.5 Who appeared in her dreams?Superman appeared and taught her to fly.6 Why did she enjoy the radio adventures of Superman?Because she loved the sheer poetry of flight.7 Where did her friend and she play Superman?At the dingy back entrance to the school, an alcove in a long passageway.Unit 2 Childhood memories468 Why do you think they chose Sheldon to be the villain?Because he was a mamma’s boy and was left out of the other boys’ games.9 How did she feel about her Uncle Frank?She admired him as she thought he bore an extraodinary resemblance to Superman incognito.4 Choose the best summary of the passage.3 Sylvia Plath wrote about her real and imaginary life as a child.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 accurate and true (definite)2 continuing all the time (perpetual)3 to spin quickly in circles (whirl)4 to shine very brightly (blaze)5 to laugh in a nervous, excited or silly way that is difficult to control (giggle)6 to encourage someone to speak or continue speaking (prompt)7 to fall to the ground (tumble)6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.Plath never needed to be (1) prompted to talk about her childhood memories. They were very (2) definiteand still real to her as an adult. She imagined she could fly and (3) whirl through the air like Superman.Coming from the highways around Boston was the (4) perpetual sound of traffic. In the distance a planewas taking off, its lights (5) blazing into the night sky. She remembered the sound of (6) giggling whichcame from the group of girls. Sadly in her later life it seemed as if Superman had (7) tumbled to earth.7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1 The lights at the airport went on and off all day and night. (blinked)2 The playground was like a desert. It was without any interesting or positive features and unfriendly.(barren)3 The boys were playing a children’s game in whi ch the players chase and try to touch each other and thegirls were gossiping and giggling. (tag)4 Pulling the legs off insects is a form of action causing extreme physical pain by someone as apunishment, and is extremely cruel. (torture)5 The similarity in appearance between the twins was striking. (resemblance)6 He would cover candy with a piece of cloth used for cleaning lips and hands, and make it disappear.(napkin)8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If you look through a kaleidoscope, are you likely to see (a) changing coloured patterns, or(b) a singlecoloured pattern?2 If you flaunt something, do you (a) deliberately try to make people notice, or (b) try to hide it?3 If you marvel at something, do you find it (a) boring, or (b) surprising and fascinating? Childhood memories Unit 2474 Are shooting stars likely to (a) move brightly through the night sky, or (b) stand still?5 Is the twilight likely to be (a) at the end of, or (b) in the middle of the day?6 If you drift off to sleep, are you likely to fall asleep (a) quickly, or (b) slowly?7 If someone is bookish, are they likely to be (a) more, or (b) less interested in reading books than doingother activities?8 If you make up something, do you (a) invent it, or (b) borrow it from someone else?9 If you come into your own, are you likely to show (a) how effective and useful, or (b) ineffective anduseless you can be?10 Is a villain likely to be a (a) good, or (b) bad person?11 If you are left out of something, are you likely to be (a) included, or (b) excluded? Active reading (2)Language points1 These changing ideas about children have led many social scientists to claim that childhood is a“social construction”. (Para 4)A social construction refers to the process or result of creating an idea or system of behaviour in socialcontexts, ie it is created and developed between people and is not something natural or genetic.Childhood memories Unit 2532 Social anthropologists have shown this in their studies of peoples ... (Para 5)Social anthropologists are scholars and researchers who study human societies, customs and beliefsfrom a social perspective, which may be distinct from the focus of physical anthropologists or linguisticanthropologists.3 Because they can’t be reasoned with, and don’t understand, parents treat them with a great deal oftolerance and leniency. (Para 5)Tolerance is the attitude of someone who is willing to accept other people’s beliefs or way of life withoutcriticizing them even if they disagree with them. The word leniency means giving a punishment or actingin a way that is not as severe or harsh as it could be.4 They are seen as being closer to mad people than adults because they lack the highly prized qualityof social competence … (Para 6)Something is prized if it is considered to be very important or valuable. The examples in the passageemphasize how different cultural communities may give importance to quite different qualities which theyexpect from children, so the children are brought up very differently.5 They are regularly told off for being clumsy and a child who falls over may be laughed at, shoutedat, or beaten. (Para 6)To tell someone off means to criticize someone angrily for doing something wrong. If you are told off fordoing something in a serious or official way, you are reprimanded.6 Looking at it from a cross-cultural perspective shows the wide variety of childhoods that exist acrossthe world … (Para 11)A cross-cultural perspective is a view which considers different cultures separately or independently andthen makes comparisons. An intercultural perspective would look at the relations and interactions betweendifferent cultures or communities, taking inside views of each culture into account. A transculturalperspective would look at different cultures using knowledge, skills and insights which are thought toapply to a wide range of cultural contexts and which would help people in intercultural contexts.Reading and understanding3 Read the passage again and complete the table.Teaching tips• When Ss have completed the table on their own, divide the class into seven groups, each groupbeing responsible for one row in the table. They have to summarize the characteristics of childhoodof this ethnic group, and also include an example. Then they report to the class. Each group shouldalso add related information they learned from the passage, and the language and culture notes. Thepresentation of each group could be given from that exact roles of parents from that exact cultural orethnic group. If this is difficult, T may give each group a copy of the example below, and ask them topractise and present it to the class.• As a way to follow this up, T can ask each group, one by one, to compare their result with that ofanother group, without looking at their books. An alternative follow-up is for the T, together withone or two Ss, to take the roles of TV reporters who meet each group and ask them “on camera” tocompare themselves with another group, and talk about how they understand the other group from across-cultural perspective.Unit 2 Childhood memories544 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The characteristics of childhood a hundred years ago (d) .(a) would have interfered in their education(b) are similar to those of today(c) would be illegal today(d) meant that children were treated more like adults2 The idea that childhood is a social construction suggests that (a) .(a) children experience childhood in different ways according to the society in which they live(b) enormous transformations have taken place within a relatively short time(c) children in the past worked harder(d) all children are different from adults3 Both Inuit and Tongan parents understand that (b) .(a) their children need to be treated in a way which would be considered harsh by outsiders(b) their children don’t yet possess certain prized qualities, such as reasoning and social competence(c) growing up is a process of acquiring thought, not social skills(d) bringing up their children requires tolerance and discipline4 Parents of Beng children treat them with great care because they (d) .(a) think children know all human languages and understand all cultures(b) think life in the earthly world is unpleasant(c) believe the children still live in a spirit world(d) fear the children may choose to return to the spirit world where they lived before they were born5 Western childcare practices (c) .(a) include allowing eight-year-old girls to work and 12-year-old girls to marry(b) treat the child in a bizarre and possibly harmful way(c) see the child as being incompetent, dependent on the parents, and incapable of looking after other children(d) are only similar to Yanamamö childcare practices in that girls help out at home, and boys are allowedto play well into their teens6 The main idea of the passage is that (c) .(a) history shows us how our perception of childhood has changed(b) childhood is viewed in different ways according to the child’s cultural and social upbringing(c) both history and society can affect our perception of childhood(d) Western notions of childhood are outdated and not informed(continued)Unit 2 Childhood memories56Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Read the passage again and find the words in the box. Choose the best definition in the context of thepassage.1 consumption(a) the process of buying or using goods(b) the process of eating, drinking, or smoking something2 colonial(a) relating to a system or period in which one country rules another(b) made in a style that was common in North America in the 18th century3 knit(a) to make something such as a piece of clothing using wool and sticks called knitting needles(b) to join together or work together as one group or unit4 harsh(a) unpleasant and difficult to live in(b) strict, unkind, and often unfair5 contact(a) communication between people, countries, or organizations either by talking or writing(b) a situation in which people or things touch each other6 impose(a) to force someone to have the same opinion, belief as you(b) to cause extra work for someone by asking them to do something that may not be convenient for them7 perspective(a) a way of thinking about something(b) a sensible way of judging how good, bad, important etc something is in comparison with other things6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.Our (1) knowledge and understanding of childhood is undergoing a process of (2) nonstop change. Inthe West we see children as being (3) in need of adult control. However, among other (4) socio-culturalgroups with similar traditions children are (5) mainly considered to be capable of assuming greaterresponsibilities. So there is a (6) strong desire for (7) someone who does not belong to this group tothink that such practices might be odd or even harmful. But while most ethnic groups may at first show(8) hesitation about integrating other traditions and customs with their own, (9) outside pressures usuallymake them change their traditional view of childhood.Key: (1) notion (2) continual (3) dependent on (4) ethnic (5) largely(6) temptation (7) an outsider (8) reluctance (9) external7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Is prosecution likely to be (a) the act of accusing someone of a crime, or (b) the process of supervisionby the social services?Childhood memories Unit 2572 Is intricate likely to be (a) very basic, or (b) very detailed in design?3 Is leniency likely to involve (a) kindness and understanding, or (b) strict discipline?4 If someone tells you off, are they (a) criticizing, or (b) praising you?5 Is a mischievous child likely to (a) be well behaved, or (b) enjoy having fun by causing trouble?6 If a child is wilful, are they likely to cause damage or harm (a) deliberately, or (b) by mistake?7 When a child is unsupervised, are they likely to be (a) looked after by adults, or (b) without an adultlooking after them?8 Is something bizarre likely to be (a) strange and difficult to explain, or (b) very usual? Language in useunpacking complex sentences1 Look at the sentences from the passage Superman and answer the questions.1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a suddenshock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on thejust in time.(a) What were believable?Her dreams about flying were believable.(b) How real were they?They were very real.Unit 2 Childhood memories60(c) Who had the sense of having tumbled like Icarus?The writer, Sylvia Plath.(d) Why would she wake up with a breathless sense?Because she felt she was really flying.(e) What did the breathless sense feel like?It felt like a sudden shock.(f) Why did she catch herself on the soft bed just in time?Because she felt she was falling.2 We even found a stand-in for a villain in Sheldon Fein, the sallow mamma’s boy on our block who wasleft out of the boys’ games because he cried whenever anybody tagged him and always managed to falldown and skin his fat knees.(a) What did we find?We found someone who could be a villain.(b) Who was the stand-in for a villain?Sheldon Fein.(c) What was he like?He was sallow and a mamma’s boy.(d) Where did he come from?He came from their block.(e) Why was he left out of the boys’ games?Because he always cried and fell over.(f) What happened when he always managed to fall down?He skinned his knees.2 Rewrite the sentence from the passage Cultural childhoods in a diagram below.He has written how a Yanamamö girl is expected to help her mother from a young age and by the age often will be running a house.3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box.Sometimes more than one collocation is possible.1 The Australian bush fires blazed for several days before they were brought under control.2 As a child Ruth’s long dark hair tumbled down her back.3 He comes from a very close-knit / tight-knit family with three brothers and two sisters.4 I remember my father used to knit his brows / eyebrows together when he was thinking hardsomething.5 It was extremely hot and the sun was blazing.Hehaswrittenhow aYanomamö girlfrom a youngage andwill be runninga houseis expected to helpher motherby the age of tenChildhood memories Unit 2616 Did you knit that jumper / hat yourself? It’s really beautiful!7 I’m watching the financial markets – I think the prices of stocks will tumble quite soon.4 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a suddenshock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on the softbed just in time. These nightly adventures in space began when Superman started invadingmydreams and teaching me how to fly. He used to come roaring by in his shining blue suit with his capewhistling in the wind, looking remarkably like my Uncle Frank who was living with mother andme. In the magic whirling of his cape I could hear the wings of a hundred seagulls, the motors of athousand planes.我的飞行梦像达利的风景画那么真实可信，以致于自己常常会在一阵惊吓中醒来，好像伊卡罗斯那样从空中摔下来，虽然发现自己刚好掉到软软的床上，但也被吓得喘不过气来。