英语动词-ing形式作主语和宾语

动词-ing形式作主语【归纳】★动词-ing形式作主语，表示一般或抽象的多次性动作，谓语动词用单数。

如：Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit.★动词-ing形式常用于“It is / was +名词/形容词... +动词-ing形式”句型中。

其中，常用此句型的名词有no use, no good, fun等；形容词有useless, nice, good, interesting等。

如：It's no use asking me what I don't know.It was useless speaking.动词-ing形式作宾语【归纳】★有些动词（短语）后只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能跟动词不定式作宾语。

常见的有：enjoy, admit, imagine, finish, advise, allow, permit, escape, avoid, appreciate, suggest, keep, practise, consider, mind, give up, look forward to, put off, get used to, insist on等。

如：I want to travel because I enjoy meeting people and seeing new places.Dana admitted feeling hurt by what I had said.She imagined herself sitting in her favourite armchair back home.Have you finished reading that magazine?Why don't you give up smoking?We're so much looking forward to meeting you.★有些动词后既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语，也可跟动词不定式作宾语, 且后接以上两种形式作宾语时意义上没有什么区别。

一、动词-ing形式作主语和宾语考点一：动词-ing形式的基本用法动词-ing具有名词的性质，可在句中担当主语、宾语、标语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，动词-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性和习惯性的动作。

动词-ing形式作主语通常放在句首。

但不能单独做谓语。

考点二：动词-ing做主语的用法：1）动词-ing作主语时，往往表示习惯性、经常性的动作，在口语中也表示具体的动作。

如：Paiting is his hobby.2)动词-ing形式作主语和不定式作主语一样，也可以用it做形式主语，但不定式作主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。

如：It is no use talking without doing.光说不做是没用的It is so hot. what I want to do now is to have a swim in a river.天这么热，现在我想做的事情就是在河里游泳。

动词-ing形式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，可以用it作形式主语。

常用的结构：1. It is + no use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing2. It is + nice / good / interesting / a waste of…etc. + v-ing例如：It is no use crying over spilt milk.事考点三：动词-ing形式作宾语的用法1.有些动词或动词短语常用动词-ing形式作宾语：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,enjoy,escape,finish,keep,mind, miss, suggest等动词; can’t stand, give up, feel like, keepon, think of, set about, dream of等短语。

避免错过少延期建议完成多练习喜欢想象禁不住承认否定与嫉妒逃避冒险xxxx忍受保持不介意考虑欣赏还愿意2.在下列短语中，to是介词，后面应用动词-ing形式作宾语：be / get us ed to, look forward to, devote…to, pay attention to,object to等。

动词-ing 形式作主语和宾语一、动名词的形式Eg. satisfying equipping confusing二、动名词的时态与语态Eg. *Tom ’s / His coming to help encouraged all of us.*Peter suggested Tom(‘s) /his / Tom/ him consulting teh teacher about the maths problems.. *Can you imagine Yuan(‘s) /his / Yuan/ him producing such a rice strain ?四、动名词做主语1、没用的, 浪费…It is no use / useless /no good doing sth ..It is a waste of time/money doing sthEg. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is useless speaking.光说没用但： It is great fun doing/ to do sth It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth2、….没有意义 :There is no point/ sense doing sth 做某事没有意义There is no V-ing = It is impossible to V . ….根本不….There is no denying that…不可否认There is no joking that…不是玩笑…There is no telling that…不晓得五、动名词做宾语1、动词 + --ing:avoid, admit, advise, allow, consider, deserve 值得, delay 延迟, deny 否认, discuss, enjoy, escape, imagine, keep, miss, mind, permit, prevent, practice,assist sb in 帮助某人, agree on, believe in, be aware of 意识到, be busy in, be occupied in 被占领,be interested in, dream of, depend on, feel like, give up, not have sb doing, have difficulty /trouble/a problem (in) , have a good time (in), spend st/sm (in), insist on, put off, prevent sb from 阻止某人, on the point of 将要, succeed in, set about 开始做, sth. be worth doing,…be addicted to 沉迷于, be/ get used to, be accustomed to 习惯于, be equal to 等于, be familiar to,contribute to, devote …to, lead to, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to 开始认真处理, object to 反对, be opposed to 反对, stick to, …介短: thanks to, due to, owing to, …3、+ doing / to do..意义差别不大 hate, like/love, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt4、+ doing/ to do …意义差别明显：regret, remember, forget, stop, prefer, try, mean, go on, can’t help, be used to ，be afraid5. -ing 主动形式表被动含义 = to be doneneed/want/require doingneed/want/require to be doneeg: The sick woman required examining/ to be examined。

动词--ing形式作主语和宾语概念引入动词-ing形式，即在动词原形的词末加-ing的形式，是非谓动词的一种。

在传统语法中动词-ing形式分成两部分：用法相当于名词的叫“动名词”，用法相当于形容词和副词的被称为“现在分词”。

在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为“-ing形式”。

1. Getting water from wet to dry places is necessary.2. If not, what kind of plant would you like to try growing?3. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.4. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.句1动词-ing及其宾语和状语一起作句子的主语，句2中growing是动词try的宾语。

这两个动词-ing形式都是动名词。

句3中disturbing修饰problem，是定语，句4中using及其宾语一起作状语，说明句子的谓语“are producing harvests”的方式。

这两个动词-ing形式都是现在分词。

注意：句4的producing与are一起构成现在进行时，是谓语形式，不属于本单元语法范畴。

用法讲解动名词的结构概述动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。

它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。

动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。

1. 动名词的否定结构动名词的否定结构由“not+动名词”组成。

如：Trying without success is better than not trying at all.实验没有成功也比不实验好。

动词-ing形式(短语)作主语和宾语一、动词-ing形式(短语)作主语1. 动词-ing形式(短语)作主语，表示比较抽象或泛指的动作。

如：Telling a lie got him into a great deal of trouble.Surfing is a popular sport along coastal areas.2. 动词-ing形式(短语)作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，可以用it 作形式主语。

如：It is no use complaining —it doesn’t he lp solve the problems.In my opinion, it is simply a waste of time and money raising pets.二、动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语1. 作动词宾语。

有些动词后常跟动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语，这类动词常见的有admit, allow, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, consider, dislike, mind, miss, finish, keep, imagine, risk, practise, suggest等。

如：We are considering flying to Paris for the coming holiday.It seems that he doesn’t mind working late into the night.2. 作介词宾语。

介词后可接动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语。

如：She entered without knocking at the door.My sister is busy in reading picture books.注意：1. 有些动词后接动词-ing形式(短语)和动词不定式(短语)作宾语意义不同，如：remember to do sth. 记住要做某事remember doing sth.记得曾经做过某事regret to do sth. 遗憾(抱歉)要做某事regret doing sth. 为做过某事而感到后悔try to do sth. 努力去做某事try doing sth.试着做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事want doing sth. 需要被做某事(用动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义)2. 在动词-ing形式(短语)前面可以加上其逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。

动词+ing形式的用法动词的 -ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加 -ing构成，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补语、状语和定语。

一、动词-ing形式作主语动词-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

如：Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.Swimming is the best sport in summer.Seeing is believing.注：有时，为了使句子保持平衡，可以用it作形式主语。

如：It’s nice talking with you.It’s a waste of time arguing with such a woman.二、动词-ing形式作宾语动词-ing形式既可作动词、短语动词的宾语，又可作介词的宾语。

1. 以下动词或短语需接动词-ing形式作宾语：admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, finish, keep, mind, suggest等动词；dream of, feel like, give up, keep on, prefer… to, succeed in, think of等短语。

2. 在下列短语中，to是介词，后面应该用动词-ing形式作宾语：be / get used to, look forward to, devote … to, pay attention to等。

3. 有些动词既可能带-ing分词作宾语，也可以带to不定式作宾语，但在语义上却有很大的差别。

forget doing 忘记做过某事；forget to do 忘记要做某事remember doing 记得做过某事；remember to do 记住要做某事stop to do 停下来去做某事；stop doing 停止做某事mean doing 意味着做；mean to do 打算做try to do 努力做某事；try doing 试一试做某事regret doing 后悔做了某事；regret to do 遗憾要做某事can’t help doing 禁不住做；can’t help (to) do不能帮忙做chance to do 碰巧去做某事；chance doing 冒险试一试做某事go on to do 接着又做另一件事；go on doing 继续做同一件事4. 在allow, advise, permit等动词后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，如果这些词后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。