人教高中英语选修9 U2 Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending 课件(共15张PPT)

Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading —Pre­readingJames Cook was born in 1728 in Marton, England.His father, a Scottish migrant farm worker, allowed James to work on coal­carrying boats at eighteen.Cook sp ent his free time learning math and navigation.This led to his appointment as mate (大副)．Searching for something more adventurous, in 1755 he volunteered for the British Royal Navy and took part in the Seven Years War and played an active part in charting wrence River, which helped England Navy capture Quebec from the French.The First Voyage.Following the war, Cook was given the mission to lead an expedition to observe the rare passage of Venus across the face of the sun in order to determine the accurate distance between the earth and sun.He set sail from England in August, 1768 and stopped at Tahiti where he did the observation.He proceeded to the West Indies and across the Indian Ocean to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa.The Second Voyage.The Royal Navy promoted James Cook to Captain following his return and had a new mission for him, to find the Unknown Southern Land.Cook led two ships and headedto Cape Town in July, 1772.He proceeded south from Africa and turned around after encountering large amounts of floating pack ice.Actually he came within 75 miles of the Antarctica at that time.But he found no habitable southern continent and arrived back in Britain in July, 1775.The Third Voyage.The Navy wanted Cook to determine if there was a Northwest Passage, a mythical waterway between Europe and Asia across the top of North America.Cook set out in July of 1776 and rounded the southern tip of Africa and headed east across the Indian Ocean until his navigation of the Bering Sea was stopped by the impassible Arctic ice.Upon yet again discovering that something did not exist, he continued his voyage.His last stop was in February, 1779 at Hawaii where he was killed in a fight with islanders over the theft of a boat.Cook's explorations greatly increased European knowledge of the world.As a ship captain and skilled cartographer, he filled in many gaps on world maps.His contributions to eighteenth century science helped further exploration and discovery for many generations.True (T) or False (F)：1．James Cook led the British Royal Navy and captured Quebec from the French.( )2．The aim of Cook's last voyage was to find a Northwest Passage between Europe and Asia.( )3．Cook was named Captain after his first voyage.( )4．Captain Cook died in a conflict with the Hawaii local people.( )答案：1.F 2.T 3.F 4.TⅠ.高频单词点击1．voyage n．航海；航行2．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯→merciful adj.仁慈的3．alongside prep.靠着；沿着adv.在旁边；沿着边4．exploration n．探险；探测→explorer n．探险者；勘探者；考察者→explore v．勘探；探索；调查研究5．minimum adj.最小的；最低的6．pole n．地极；柱；杆7．horizon n．地平线；视野8．nowhere adv.无处9．offshore adj.离岸的；海面上的10．outward adj.外面的；向外的adv.向外；在外11．secure adj.安全的；可靠的→securely adv.安全地；可靠地→security n．安全；可靠12．random adj.任意的；随便的→randomly adv.随便地；任意地13．awkward adj.难使用的；笨拙的→awkwardly adv.笨拙地；尴尬地→awkwardness n．笨拙；尴尬14．reference n．参考→refer v．参考；查阅15．precise adj.精确的；准确的16．simplify v．使简化；使简易17．portable adj.便携式的；手提的18．shortcoming n．缺点；短处19．update vt.更新20．tendency n．趋向；倾向；偏好→tend v．趋向；走向21．reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的；可依靠的→reliably adv.可靠地→rely v．依靠；信赖Ⅱ.重点短语必记1．at the mercy of 受……支配；任……处置2．work out 计算出；制订出3．as well as 也4．rather than 而不是5．in relation to 与……有关；涉及Ⅲ.常用句型必备1．How do_you_think seamen found their way before mordern accurate methods of navigation were invented?2．We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made_it_possible_to_plot_a_ship's_position_on_a_map.3．This seems to_have_been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk.4．Nobody knew that the earth turns eastwards at about 15 degrees every hour, but sailors did_know an approximate method of calculating longitude using speed and time.1．When did early sailors have a practical method of measuring longitude?A．The 12th century.B．The 17th century.C．The 15th century.D．The 16th century.2．What does seaweed look like when it is near land?A．It looks nice.B．It looks small.C．It looks fresh.D．It looks dark.3．Where are we now when the North Star is along the horizon?A．At the equator. B．At the North Pole.C．At the South Pole. D．At sea.4．From the reading we have learned________.A．why early seamen wanted to sail the seven seasB．that there is useful information in an encyclopediaC．that early sailors went exploring the seas using their skills and simple instrumentsD．why latitude and longitude are important to plot a ship's position5．The main idea of this passage is about________.A．that keeping alongside the coastline is first and most useful form of explorationB．the skills and navigational aids early seamen used while sailing the oceans C．that finding longitude and latitude is a must to plot a ship's position on a mapD．how the early sailors used their skills and simple instruments答案：1～5 BCACBⅤ.根据课文改错1．We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made possible to plot a ship's position on a map.made后加it2．There is a special cloud formation which indicates there is land close.close后加by3．Sailors often saw seamen in the sea and could tellthrough the colour and smell how long it had been there.through→by4．Sea birds could be used to showing the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen.showing→show5．An early method of measuring speed involved throwing a knotted rope tying to a log over the side of the ship.tying→tiedⅥ.课文缩写填空This reading explains how seamen explored the oceans and what kind of __1__ (navigation) instruments were used to sailors __2__ the seventeenth century __3__ they were navigating the open seas without seeing land.The __4__ (voyage) of travellers before the 17th century show that they were not __5__ the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids.The seamen could use celestial bodies, wildlife, the weather or the sea __6__ (keep) alongside the coastline.They could also use __7__ compass to help find the direction that the ship needs to go.They could use the __8__ (bear) circle to measure the sun's position and tell if they were sailing on their correct rather than a random course.__9__ the astrolabe, the quadrant and the sextant could help give the seamen the local time and allowed them to find their latitude __10__ sea.答案：1.navigational 2.before 3.when 4.voyages 5.at 6.to keep 7.the 8.bearing 9.While 10.at。

Section_ⅡWarming Up & Reading — Language Points1．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯show mercy to sb. 怜悯某人have mercy on 对……表示怜悯without mercy 残忍地，毫无同情心地at the mercy of 任凭……的摆布；在……的支配中当他们年轻时，他们就被教导怜悯那些无家可归的人。

When the ship failed to work at sea, the sailors were at the mercy of the wind and the rain.当船在海上不能行进时，船员们任由风雨摆布。

merciful adj. 仁慈的；宽容的merciless adj. 无情的；冷酷的奴隶主很冷酷，并且总是残忍地对待他的奴隶。

[即境活用1]用与mercy有关的单词及短语完成片段He is such a merciful man as always has_mercy_on those homeless animals, which are usually at_the_mercy_of the coldness and storm. But sometimes he shows_no_mercy_to those he doesn't like.他是一个仁慈的人，总是怜悯那些任由寒冷雨雪摆布的无家可归的动物。

但是有时对那些他不喜欢的人与物，他一点也不会怜悯。

2．minimum(1)n.[C]最小量，最小数，最低限度，最小值You must get a minimum of 40 questions right to pass the examination.你最少必须答对40道题才能通过考试。

The minimum pass mark in the examinations is 60 out of 100.考试的最低及格分数是100分中答对60分。

Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading —Pre­readingHow cold is too cold for a jog? For most people, below freezing temperatures generally put a stop to outdoor exercise, but Siberian native Boris Fyodorov is not most people.Minutes after the calendar ticked over to 2014 this past New Year's Eve, Fyodorov set off on a solo, out and back marathon run from his home in the Siberian village of Oymyakon, completing the 26.2 mile course —his first marathon —in just over five hours. During the run he experienced temperatures as low as －38 ℃.And that was just the way he wanted it. “I heard about other marathons around the globe, naming themselves ‘the coldest’， like the most recent North Pole marathon with runners going at －28 ℃，” Fyodorov told the Siberian Times.“I thought surely this cannot be right. Our Oymyakon is the coldest inhabited place in northern hemisphere. Why don't we arrange a marathon here？”Oymyakon is widely considered to be one of the coldest places on the planet, and its record low temperature of －68 ℃， recorded in 1933, is tied for the coldest recorded temperature for any inhabited place on Earth. The average January temperature in the area is －50 ℃.Not only did Fyodorov finish the marathon in high spirits, but he also wants it to be colder the next time he tries it. “I really want to organize the nextOymyakon marathon in January when the air goes down to －50 ℃ or －60 ℃，” he said.True (T) or False (F)：1．Fyodorov completed the 26.2­mile course in only five hours.( )2．Fyodorov wants to challenge himself next time.( )答案：1.F 2.TⅠ.高频单词点击1．approximate adj.近似的；大概的→approximately adv.近似地，大约地2．conventional adj.习俗的；传统的→convention n．集合，习俗，惯例3．laughter n．笑；笑声→laugh v. & n. 大笑；嘲笑4．adjustment_n．调整；调节→adjust v．调整，调节5．tough adj.强硬的；困难的adv.顽强地6．extreme adj.极端的；偏激的→extremely adv.极端地，非常7．unfit adj.不适宜的；不太健康的→fit adj.健康的，适合的8．fascinate vt.使着迷；入迷→fascinating adj.迷人的→fascination n．魅力9．urge n．推动力，激励，驱策vt.催促；力劝vi.强烈要求，极力主张→urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的→urgency n．紧急10．accomplish vt.完成；实现→accomplishment n．完成，成就11．motivation n．动机→motivate v．激励，激发12．devotion n．热爱；投入→devote v．献身，致力Ⅱ.重点短语必记1．in reality 事实上，现实意义上的2．be hard on 对……苛刻，对……刻薄3．come through 穿过，克服，完成4．ahead of 在……之前，优于5．get into 被录取，使处于……状态Ⅲ.常用句型必备1．Rather Ashrita attempts to break records in very imaginative events and in very interesting places.2．While these activities might seem childish and cause laughter rather than respect, in reality they require an enormous amount of strength and fitness as well as determination.3．Sri Chinmoy says that it is just as important for people to develop their bodies as it is to develop their minds, hearts and spiritual selves.4．He believes that there_is_no_limit_to people's physical abilities.Ⅳ.课文大意理解1．Which of the following is not Ashrita's beliefs?A．There's no limit to people's physical abilities.B．I'd like to think that I was a role model, that people see my sport and say “Wow, I'd like to try that”．C．The body is just an instrument of the spirit.D．You can use your sprit to accomplish anything.2．What are some of the physical difficulties Ashrita has experienced when somersaulting?A．Dizziness, extreme tiredness and pain.B．Struggle to stay on top.C．Neck adjustments.D．Legs' shaking.3．The number of continents in which Ashrita has broken records is________.A．fiveB．sixC．sevenD．four4．Which of the following topics about Ashrita does the text cover?A．Ashrita's family life.B．Place and date of birth.C．His occupation.D．His first Guinness record.5．What's the main idea of the text?A．How Ashrita came to be a sportsman.B．Ashrita's physical skills.C．Ashrita's beliefs and success.D．Guinness records Ashrita has broken.答案：1～5 BACDCⅤ.根据课文改错1．More than twenty of these he still holds, including the record of having the most records.第二个of→for2．It takes a lot of concentration and great sense of balance to stay on it.great前加a3．Ashrita came to be a sportsman is an interesting story.Ashrita前加How4．While Ashrita makes stand on top of a 75 cm Swiss ball look easy, it is not.stand→standing5．Every time when Ashrita tries to break a record, he reaches a point where he feels he can not physically do any more.去掉whenⅥ.课文缩写填空Ashrita Furman likes the challenge of breaking Guinness records.He has broken__1__ (approximate) 93 Guinness records, but these records are not made in any __2__ (convention) sport.Ashrita attempts to break records in very __3__ (imagine) events, such as hula hooping, pogo stick jumping and somersaulting.While these activities might seem childish，__4__ reality they require a great deal.How Ashrita came to be a sportsman is interesting.His __5__ (motivate) comes through his __6__ (devote) to Sri Chinmoy, his teacher.Sri Chinmoy is an Indian meditation teacher and he believes there is no limit __7__ people's physical abilities.Sri Chinmoy urged Ashrita __8__ (enter) the marathon.When he won third place, he came to the understanding __9__ he is able to accomplish anything.With this confidence, Ashrita keeps __10__ (try) to break records.答案：1.approximately 2.conventional 3.imaginative 4.in 5.motivation 6.devotion 7.to 8.to enter 9.that 10.trying。

Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading —Pre­readingOn May 13, 1787, a fleet of English ships set sail for Australia with about 750 people.These men and women were not ordinary passengers.They were convicts being sent to Australia as punishment for their crimes.Laws in England during this period were very harsh, and people were punished severely for even the smallest crimes.A man could be sentenced to death for hunting on another man's property or he could be put to death for chopping down someone else's tree.For many other crimes, the punishment was“transportation”．The guilty person was shipped to a distant land where he was forced to work without pay.Often women and children were shipped to other land, too.In 1770, Captain Cook had discovered the continent of Australia and claimed it for England.At first, England found no use for this vast land on the other side of the world, but then the American Revolution took place.England could no longer ship her convicts to the American colonies.So she turned to Australia as a good place for her prisoners.A former naval captain was picked to accompany the convicts to the new colony.His job was to help them build a settlement which he would govern.The captain was glad to go.He believed the convicts could learn to live in peace.He felt they would obey the laws in a new country.In January 1788, the English fleet and its strange cargo landed in Australia.After days of searching, the captain found a fine harbor.The land nearby had trees and streams.The convict colony made a new beginning here.Australia's history had begun.True (T) or False (F)：1．From the passage we know that England's laws have changed very much since 1787.( )2．The passengers that were sent to Australia were all prisoners who would be sentenced to death.( )3．England sent convicts to Australia because the place was too far for the convicts to escape.( )4．It seems true that a great country may grow from a small colony.( ) 5．While it is not directly stated, the passage suggests that Captain Cook claimed Australia for the convicts.( )答案：1.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.FⅠ.高频单词点击1．associate vt.使发生联系；使联合；结交→association n．联合；联盟；联系；交往，友情；友谊2．barrier n．障碍物；栅栏；屏障3．brochure n．(作介绍或宣传用的)小册子4．adequate adj. 适当的；足够的→adequacy n. 适当；足够→adequately adv. 适当地；足够地5．ecology n．生态学；生态→ecological adj.生态学的；生态的→ecologically adv.生态地→ecologist n．生态学家6．autonomous adj.自治的；自主的；独立的→autonomy n．自治；自主；独立7．federal adj.联邦的；联合的；联邦制的→federation n．联邦；联合会，联盟8．defence(defense)n.防卫；辩护→defend v．保护某人(某物)免受伤害；保卫某人(某物)9．policy n．政策；方针10．tax n．税；税款v.对……征税→taxation n．征税；税款11．nation n．国家；民族→national adj.国家的；民族的→nationality n．国籍12．citizen n．市民；公民→citizenship n. 公民身份；公民的职责和权力13．celebration n. 庆祝；庆典→celebrate v. 庆祝；祝贺→celebrated adj.著名的；驰名的14．tolerate vt.忍受；容忍→toleration/tolerance n．容忍；忍受；宽容→tolerant adj.容忍的；忍受的15．homeland n．祖国；本国16．reservation n．保留；预定→reserve v．保留；订位→reserved adj.预定的；保留的→reservedly adv.保留地17．rainfall n．降雨；降雨量18．agriculture n. 农业；农学→agricultural adj. 农业的；农学的Ⅱ.重点短语必记1．associate with 与……联系2．match ...with 找到能与……相配合或相适应的3．be made up of 由……组成4．be responsible for 对……负责5．on board 搭乘(船，飞机，火车，汽车等)；在船上、飞机上、车上的6．part of ... ……的(一)部分7．out_of respect 出于尊敬Ⅲ.常用句型必备1．Australia is a popular destination with tourist from all over the world who come to experience its unique ecology.2．It is also_possible_to_climb_the_rock,_but most people don't do this out of respect for the Aboriginal people who consider the rock to be sacred.3．Drive 250 km northwestwards from Hobart along the A10 highway and_you'll_arrive at the southern end of the magnificent Cradle Mountain National Park and World Heritage area.4．Why do you think the population of Australia is so small when it is such a large country?Ⅳ.课文大意理解1．Text 1 may be________.A．a postcard from someone on holidayB．an advertisementC．a newspaper articleD．part of a text from an encyclopedia2．Which of the following statements about Australia is NOT right? A．Australia is the six largest country in the world.B．Australia is the smallest continent.C．The centre of Australia has few settlements.D．The federal parliament lies in Canberra.3．When is Australia Day?A．25 January.B．24 January.C．26 January.D．27 January.4．Citizenship ceremonies don't include________.A．displays of singing and dancing from many of the miqrants' homelands B．the tasting of food from all over the worldC．more than 9,000 people will become Australian citizensD．over 200 locations across the nation walk around Uluru5．Which part of Australia get the most rainfall?A．The south­eastern coastal area.B．The centre of the continent.C．A few coastal areas.D．Western Australia.答案：1～5 DBCDCⅤ.根据课文改错1．Australia is the only country that are also a continent.are→is2．Australia is made of six states.made后加up3．Along the way you will spot a fascinated variety of wildlife. fascinated→fascinating4．I've made a reservation by the Indian Pacific train to Perth.by→on5．There is also a range of short walks.is→areⅥ.课文缩写填空Australia is in the smallest continent —Oceania.__1__ is a mainly dry country with only a few coastal area __2__(have) adequate rainfall.Most Australians live in the south­eastern coastal a rea.The centre of the continent has few __3__ (settle)．Australia is __4__ popular destination with many tourists coming __5__ (experience) its unique ecology.__6__ Australian states are autonomous, it has a federal government responsible __7__ matters that affect people all over the country.The federal parliament is __8__ (locate) in Canberra.__9__ Australia Day, in over 200 locations across the nation, over 9,000 people will become Australian __10__ (citizen)．答案：1.It 2.having 3.settlements 4.a 5.to experience 6.Though/Although 7.for 8.located 9.On 10.citizens。

Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading — Pre­readingJames Cook was born in 1728 in Marton, England.His father, a Scottish migrant farm worker, allowed James to work on coal­carrying boats at eighteen.Cook spent his free time learning math and navigation.This led to his appointment as mate (大副)．Searching for something more adventurous, in 1755 he volunteered for the British Royal Navy and took part in the Seven Years War and played an active part in charting wrence River, which helped England Navy capture Quebec from the French.The First Voyage.Following the war, Cook was given the mission to lead an expedition to observe the rare passage of Venus across the face of the sun in order todetermine the accurate distance between the earth and sun.He set sail from England in August, 1768 and stopped at Tahiti where he did the observation.He proceeded to the West Indies and across the Indian Ocean to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa.The Second Voyage.The Royal Navy promoted James Cook to Captain following his return and had a new mission for him, to find the Unknown Southern Land.Cook led two ships and headed to Cape Town in July, 1772.He proceeded south from Africa and turned around after encountering large amounts of floating packice.Actually he came within 75 miles of the Antarctica at that time.But he found no habitable southern continent and arrived back in Britain in July, 1775.The Third Voyage.The Navy wanted Cook to determine if there was a Northwest Passage, a mythical waterway between Europe and Asia across the top of North America.Cook set out in July of 1776 and rounded the southern tip of Africa and headed east across the Indian Ocean until his navigation of the Bering Sea was stopped by the impassible Arctic ice.Upon yet again discovering that something did not exist, he continued his voyage.His last stop was in February, 1779 at Hawaii where he was killed in a fight with islanders over the theft of a boat.Cook's explorations greatly increased European knowledge of the world.As a ship captain and skilled cartographer, he filled in many gaps onworld maps.His contributions to eighteenth century science helped further exploration and discovery for many generations.True (T) or False (F)：1．James Cook led the British Royal Navy and captured Quebec from the French.( )2．The aim of Cook's last voyage was to find a Northwest Passage between Europe and Asia.( )3．Cook was named Captain after his first voyage.( )4．Captain Cook died in a conflict with the Hawaii local people.( )答案：1.F 2.T 3.F 4.TⅠ.高频单词点击1．voyage n．航海；航行2．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯→merciful adj.仁慈的3．alongside prep.靠着；沿着adv.在旁边；沿着边4．exploration n．探险；探测→explorer n．探险者；勘探者；考察者→explore v．勘探；探索；调查研究5．minimum adj.最小的；最低的6．pole n．地极；柱；杆7．horizon n．地平线；视野8．nowhere adv.无处9．offshore adj.离岸的；海面上的10．outward adj.外面的；向外的adv.向外；在外。