西安交通大学研究生实用英语写作试题

研究生英语作文经典题目1. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a prominent topic in recent years, as it brings a plethora of benefits and potential risks to our society. On one hand, AI can greatly improve efficiency and accuracy in various fields. For instance, in the medical field, AI can help in diagnosing diseases and developing personalized treatment plans. In addition, AI can enhance productivity and reduce costs in industries such as manufacturing and logistics. On the other hand, the reliance on AI may lead to job displacement and ethical concerns. As more tasks become automated, it is crucial to ensure that individuals are equipped with skills that complement AI technology. Additionally, the development of autonomous AI raises concerns about privacy, security, and fairness. It is necessary for us to strike a balance between embracing the advantages of AI while addressing its potential disadvantages.2. The Impact of Social Media on SocietySocial media platforms have revolutionized the way we communicate, share information, and engage with one another. The impact of social media on society can be both positive and negative. On one hand, social media has provided individuals with a platform to express their opinions, connect with like-minded people, and raise awareness about social issues. It has also facilitated information dissemination, making it easier for news to reach a wider audience. However, the prevalence of social media has also led to concerns such as cyberbullying, privacy invasion, and addiction. It is important for individuals to use social media responsibly, and for society to address the challenges associatedwith it, such as the spread of misinformation and the erosion of face-to-face communication skills.3. The Importance of Environmental Conservation Environmental conservation is of paramount importance for the sustainable development of our planet. It involves preserving and protecting natural resources, biodiversity, and ecosystems. The consequences of environmental degradation are severe, ranging from climate change to the loss of species. It is crucial for individuals, governments, and organizations to take collective action towards environmental conservation. This can include minimizing carbon emissions, promoting renewable energy sources, implementing effective waste management systems, and preserving natural habitats. Education and awareness campaigns play a significant role in encouraging individuals to adopt sustainable practices and make informed choices. By prioritizing environmental conservation, we can ensure a better future for generations to come.4. The Influence of Technology on EducationTechnology has revolutionized the field of education, shaping the way students learn and interact with information. The influence of technology on education can be seen through various advancements, such as online learning platforms, educational apps, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence. These tools provide opportunities for personalized learning, access to a wealth of resources, and collaboration beyond physical boundaries. However, the integration of technology in education also presents challenges. It is essential to ensure equal access to technology for all students, address concerns related to privacy and security, and maintain abalance between technology usage and traditional teaching methods. By harnessing the power of technology, we can create a more inclusive and effective education system.。

硕士西交大课后英语作文1. I love my university because it provides a great learning environment. The professors are knowledgeable and passionate about their subjects, which makes the classes engaging and interesting. Additionally, the campus is beautiful and well-maintained, creating a peaceful atmosphere for studying.2. One of the things I appreciate about my universityis its emphasis on practical skills. In addition to theoretical knowledge, we are encouraged to participate in internships and practical projects. This hands-on experience has helped me develop important skills that will be valuable in my future career.3. The diversity on campus is another aspect that I enjoy. I have had the opportunity to meet and interact with students from different countries and backgrounds. This has broadened my perspective and taught me to appreciate different cultures. It's fascinating to learn about theircustoms, traditions, and ways of thinking.4. The university also offers various extracurricular activities, allowing students to pursue their interests outside of academics. I joined a sports club and it has been a great way to stay active and make new friends. There are also clubs and organizations for different hobbies and interests, providing a platform for students to connect and collaborate.5. The support system at my university is exceptional. There are resources available for academic assistance, career counseling, and personal support. The staff and faculty are always willing to help and guide students. This has made my university experience much smoother and less stressful.6. The opportunities for research at my university are abundant. I have had the chance to work on researchprojects with professors, which has allowed me to delve deeper into my field of study. This hands-on research experience has been invaluable in enhancing myunderstanding and critical thinking skills.7. The campus facilities are top-notch. The libraries are well-stocked with a wide range of books and resources, making it easy to access the information I need for my studies. The laboratories are equipped with modern technology and equipment, providing a conducive environment for practical experiments and research.8. The university organizes various events and workshops throughout the year, enriching the overall learning experience. These events cover a wide range of topics and allow students to explore new areas of interest. It's a great way to expand knowledge beyond the classroom and interact with experts in different fields.9. The alumni network of my university is strong and supportive. Many successful professionals have graduated from my university and they are always willing to provide guidance and mentorship to current students. This network opens up opportunities for internships, job placements, and professional development.10. Overall, my university has provided me with a well-rounded education and a memorable college experience. I am grateful for the opportunities and resources that have been available to me, and I am confident that my education here will prepare me for a successful future.。

研究生英语考试作文题目回答1:Title: Graduate English Exam Essay TopicThe Graduate English exam essay topic is an essential part of the examination as it evaluates the language proficiency, critical thinking ability, and writing skills of the candidates. The essay prompts are designed to assess how well students can articulate their ideas, present arguments, and communicate effectively in English.The topics given for the essay portion of the exam vary widely, ranging from current affairs, social issues, technological advancements, to literature and culture. The purpose of this variety is to gauge the candidate's knowledge, awareness, and understanding of various subjects, as well as their capability to construct a well-organized and coherent essay.The essay topics are also structured to test the candidate's analytical and problem-solving skills, as they often require students to critically analyze a given scenario, makeconnections between different concepts, and propose solutions or arguments.In preparing for the Graduate English exam essay, candidates should focus on developing a strong thesis statement, organizing their thoughts coherently, and providing relevant and compelling evidence to support their arguments. Moreover, it is essential to demonstrate a good command of English grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure to effectively convey ideas.One popular essay topic might revolve around the impact of social media on society. Candidates would need to analyze the positive and negative effects of social media, propose solutions to mitigate its adverse impacts, and present awell-structured argument supported by evidence and examples.In conclusion, the Graduate English exam essay topics play a crucial role in assessing the candidate's language proficiency, critical thinking skills, and ability to articulate ideas effectively. It is important for candidates to prepare by broadening their knowledge base, practicingwriting on diverse topics, and honing their English language skills to excel in this portion of the examination.毕业生英语考试作文题目是考试的重要部分，它评估了考生的语言能力、批判性思维能力和写作技巧。

陕西西安交通大学研究生入学考试英语真题考试时间：2022年5月15日考试地点：陕西西安交通大学一、听力测试（共30分）本部分共分为三个小节，每个小节均包含一道长对话和两篇短文。

请听清题目后，从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案。

小节一：1. What does the woman want to do?A. Get a refund for the book.B. Buy another book.C. Borrow a book from the library.2. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Take a taxi to the office.B. Drive to the office herself.C. Take a bus to the office.小节二：3. Why is the man disappointed?A. He didn't pass the exam.B. His presentation was not successful.C. The project deadline was postponed.4. What does the woman advise the man to do?A. Review the material again.B. Ask the professor for help.C. Attend more seminars.小节三：5. What does the man offer to do for the woman?A. Help her with her homework.B. Drive her to the airport.C. Accompany her to the concert.6. What does the woman think of the concert?A. She is excited about it.B. She heard it is not worth attending.C. She hasn't made up her mind yet.二、阅读理解（共40分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案。

研究生英语考试作文题目English: As a postgraduate student, I am constantly reminded of the importance of critical thinking and independent research in the academic world. In my opinion, critical thinking allows individuals to analyze and evaluate information in a systematic and logical manner, which is essential for producing high-quality research. Moreover, independent research enables students to make original contributions to their field of study and develop a deep understanding of their chosen topic. Therefore, it is crucial for postgraduate students to develop these skills through rigorous training and practice. Additionally, as future scholars and professionals, we have a responsibility to use our critical thinking and research skills to address important societal issues and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in our respective fields.Translated content: 作为研究生，我不断地被提醒在学术世界中批判性思维和独立研究的重要性。

English articlesPassage 1Alone or together?Nowadays there’re various ways transportation, so we have many choices when we are going out. We can not only take public transportations such as buses, taxis, trains or subways in some big cities but also choose private transportations including private cars, bicycles, motorcycles and so on. So when we need to go out, we can have different choices depending on the places we are going to. If you want to go to somewhere that is very far, you’d better take a train or a plane, while when you are going to a place near your home, such as going to work, riding a bicycle is a great decision.Now that there are so many kinds of transportations, what are their characteristics and what occasions are best for them to be used?Public transportations are always served for all citizens, so the most important point is that they can accommodate many people at the same time. For example, most buses can take more than thirty people, and even more if people squeeze in crazily----just like what most of us usually do. Another important characteristic of public transportation is that they are often cheaper than private transportations, making it more popular among people.Private transportations, differently, are usually available for fewpeople. As you can see, generally speaking, a private car can only take no more than four people. It is because that they are usually used by a family or a person himself, so too many seat would be a waste and also make the car inconvenient. It brings us to another point of private transportation. They can be really convenient for individual because they are more flexible and people don’t have to wait for a bus or a taxi or run breathlessly to get a train.When comparing these two kinds of transportations, we can find that they both have many advantages and some disadvantages, too. Public transportations are cheap and it can take people to places that are very far, which cannot be achieved by private transportations. What’s more, as public transportations can accommodate a great number of people, spaces, energy and resources would be saved. But the problem is that public transportations are inconvenient, uncomfortable and there are many unsafe factors such as the fire, explosion and so on. As for private transportations, although they may be a little expensive, they are really convenient for people. But the question is that too many private cars without clear energy may cause a bad air condition.Then which kind is better? In my opinion, private transportation is better than public transportation. I hold this view for the following reasons.First, public transportations can be really unsafe. Recently thenumber of accidents caused by buses is increasing sharply. For there are usually a great deal of people on buses, making them very crowded, accidents like fire and explosion can be very dangerous and usually just a few people in the bus can escape.Second, private transportations are much more convenient. Most people hates waiting for buses especially when one has something important to do. At this time, a private car or even just a motorcycle would be a great choice. You must be sad if you got late for an important meeting by waiting for a bus.Thirdly, we shouldn’t stop using private transportations for they pollute the air. To be honest, private cars cause a great pollution. But what we should do is to develop cleaner energy rather than stop using cars. Now that cleaner energies have been founded, why don’t we use them on cars as soon as possible?So in conclusion, I think private transportations are better. But of course both of them have advantages and disadvantages. What we should do is to make the best use of their strengths and avoid their weaknesses.(640 words)Passage 2Internet, Bad or Not?From the time the internet was invented, the world was bound tobe different. It seemed to be official.You can be connected to the internet almost everywhere and every second. In the morning, you wake up and look at your cellphone to see if there are some new massages or not. At the lunchtime, you enjoy your meal and enjoy the funny things from the microblog at the same time. And in the evening, you might chat with a friend that you have never seen, which is called “net friend”. Besides, you send an e-mail to your teacher to submit your homework, which is done absolutely by the information that you found on the internet without thinking. After submitting the work, you smile and say with satisfaction,” the internet is really a good thing!”Well, is the internet really a good thing? What influences has it brings to us? In my opinion, the internet has great influences on everyone’s life, some of them are good, while others are not that positive. So we have to analyze this question from two sides.On one hand, the internet can do good to our behavior on several aspects. First, as it shows us what the world is like and we can easily see all kinds of things around the world on the internet, it can make us much more familiar with the world, which benefits to us. Second, the internet makes it more convenient for us to do many things, such as submitting our work, which has been mentioned above. So, we will have more time to do something according to our plan. As a result, the internet can makeour life more farctate. Beside, as many people will communicate with strangers on the internet, it may increase p eople’s ability to communicate with others, so it may make people more outgoing in the real world.But on the other hand, the internet can be really harmful and it can do harm to our behavior. First, although communicating on the internet may improve our ability of communication theoretically, few can achieve that in fact. A lot of people are rude and irresponsible on the internet because they think that no one knows who they are and so they regard it as a place to release themselves and even curse others just for fun. Second, as there is too much various information on the internet, so many people are indulged in it. As we can see in the canteen of the school, most of the students stick their eyes on the screen of their cellphone while having meal, and after meal they go back their dormitory to continue on the computer. Their lives have been occupied by the internet. Third, the internet makes people become estranged from each other. So the relation between people become worse and worse.To conclude, the internet has many advantages and disadvantages. It makes it easier for us to learn something but also makes us away from the real world. So we’d better make use of it properly and never abuse it!(517 words)Passage 3Escape from the modern worldThere’s no doubt that nowadays the economy has been rising rapidly and the world has been a greatly developed one, quite different from what it used to be when we were little boys. The living condition of us has been improved, too. Today we can see many places for entertainment, including beautiful parks, all kinds of courts and many other things for people to release themselves. Now that there are so many establishments to relax, are people relaxed enough? No, in fact, most people today are always living under great pressure. They feel stressed for many reasons, some for the difficulties of their works, some for the hardness of the life, some for too many social engagements, and still more just for the noise of the surroundings.With so much pressure lingering, most people want to escape from the noisy world. They try to go for walk in the parks, play all kinds of balls or play yoga. But many of them find it useless because they still find the surroundings too noisy. Then what’s the best way?In my opinion, the best way to escape from the pressure is to travel around the mountains and rivers or lakes where there are not so many noisy and crowded people. I hold this idea for the following reasons.First, we get stressed for that we feel it difficult to do something or we are tired of doing something. Maybe the work that the boss gives you is far beyond your ability, or maybe you can not stand it that you have to smile to all those superiors no matter how much you hate them in fact, all these things make you unhappy. So to relieve the pressure, you’d better do something that can make you happy. Travelling is a good choice.Second, travelling in the mountains and beside the waters make your body comfortable. To analyze it scientifically, travelling can make one’s heart and lung more energetic. The view of the big green mountains, the clear water and fantastic silence can calm you down, immersing you into a quiet environment where you will forget anything. So you will feel relaxed and all the pressure will be thrown away.Someone may think that after travelling, the pressure will come back again. Well, listening to some light music is also an excellent choice. It has just the same function as travelling. Listening to light music and be absolutely immersed in it, then you will feel as if you are in another world that only exists in your own mind. In that case, you can just think of things that you like and ignore those you hate.In a word, to escape from the pressure of the modern world, you can either travel or just listen to light music, both of them will take you to a place that is far from the noise of so many crowded people.(490 words)。

硕士英语作文题目Master's English Writing Topic。

In recent years, the popularity of studying abroad has been on the rise. More and more students choose to pursue their higher education in foreign countries. This trend has sparked a heated debate among educators, parents, and students themselves. In this essay, we will delve into the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad and explore the reasons behind this growing trend.To begin with, studying abroad offers numerous benefits. Firstly, it provides students with the opportunity to experience a different culture and immerse themselves in a new environment. This exposure to different customs, traditions, and perspectives broadens their horizons and enhances their global awareness. Additionally, living in a foreign country forces students to step out of their comfort zones and become more independent. They learn to navigate unfamiliar surroundings, manage their finances, and adapt to new social norms. These skills are invaluable and greatly contribute to personal growth and development.Furthermore, studying abroad often opens doors to better academic opportunities. Many prestigious universities and colleges are located outside one's home country, offering top-notch education and resources. By studying in these institutions, students can gain access to cutting-edge research facilities, renowned professors, and a diverse range of academic programs. This exposure to high-quality education can significantly enhance their knowledge and skills, giving them a competitive edge in the global job market.However, studying abroad also poses challenges and drawbacks. One major concern is the financial burden it places on students and their families. Tuition fees, living expenses, and travel costs can be exorbitant, making it difficult for some students to afford studying abroad. Moreover, being away from home for an extended period can be emotionally challenging. Students may experience homesickness, loneliness, and cultural shock. The absence of familiar support systems can affect their mental well-being and academic performance.Another downside of studying abroad is the potential language barrier. While many universities offer English-taught programs, students may still face difficulties in fully understanding lectures, participating in class discussions, or completing assignments. This language barrier can hinder academic progress and social integration, leading to feelings of isolation and frustration.Despite these challenges, the desire to study abroad continues to grow. There are several reasons behind this trend. Firstly, globalization has created a highly interconnected world. Students recognize the importance of gaining international exposure and cross-cultural competence to thrive in today's globalized workforce. Secondly, studying abroad allows students to build a strong network of international contacts, which can be advantageous for future career prospects. Lastly, the allure of exploring new places, experiencing different cuisines, and engaging in exciting adventures appeals to many young individuals seeking personal growth and self-discovery.In conclusion, studying abroad offers a multitude of benefits, including cultural immersion, personal development, and access to top-quality education. However, it also presents challenges such as financial constraints, homesickness, and language barriers. Despite these drawbacks, the increasing popularity of studying abroad can be attributed to the desire for global exposure, career advantages, and personal enrichment. It is crucial for students to carefully weigh the pros and cons before making a decision, considering their individual circumstances and goals.。

DefinitionA brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer composition. lengthDepends on your purposes.A summary can be:As short as a single sentence (a nutshell statement)Or as long as 30% of the length of the original (a detailed summary). PurposesFor writers:Capture what they understand about an articleFor readers:Assess the writer's understanding of the articleHelp decide if they want to read the original articleRequirementsMake sure your grasp of the main trend of thoughtReduce explanation and illustration to the essential minimumUse the most economical wording possibleProcess (1)Previewing the workTitle/ subtitleFirst and last several paragraphsOther itemsheads or subheadspictures, charts, or diagramsitalic type or boldface printProcess (2)Reading the article thoroughlyDo not slow down or turn backMark main points and key supporting detailsPay special attention to all the items noted in the preview.Look for definitions, examples, and enumerationsProcess (3)Rereading the work carefullyReread more carefully the areas you have identified as most important Focus on other key points that may have been missedTaking notesKey supporting pointsProcess (4)Preparing the first draft (1)Identify at the start of the summary the title and author of the work. Include in parentheses the date of publication. For example, “In ‘Beyond the Gender Myths’ (Time, October 19, 1998), Margot Hornblower states…”Process (4)Preparing the first draft (2)Do not write an overly detailed summary.Remember that the purpose of a summary is to reduce the original work to its main points and essential supporting details.Process (4)Preparing the first draft (3)Express the main points and key supporting details in your own words. Do not imitate the style of the original work.Process (4)Preparing the first draft (4)Quote from the material only to illustrate key points. Also, limit your quotations. A one-paragraph summary should not contain more than one or two quoted sentences. Process (4)Preparing the first draft (5)Revise your first draft, paying attention to the principles of effective writing (unity, coherence, conciseness and transition).Write the final draft of the paper.StrategiesThe key is to use your own words to generalize about the entire article, rather than following the organization and/or wording exactly as the author has described it.The Cult of Busyness------------ Barbara EhrenreichNot too long ago a former friend and soon-to-be acquaintance called me up to tell me how busy she was. A major report, upon which her professional future depended, was due in three days; her secretary was on strike; her housekeeper had fallen into the hands of the Immigration Department; she had two hours to prepare dinner party for eight; and she was late for her time-management class. Stress was taking its toll, she told me: her children resented the fact that she sometimes got their names mixed up, and she had taken to abusing white wine.All this put me at a distinct disadvantage, since the only thing I was doing at the time was holding the phone with one hand and attempting to touch the opposite toe with the other hand, a pastime that I had perfected during previous telephone monologues. Not that I'm not busy too: as I listened to her, I was on the alert for the moment the dryer would shut itself off and I would have to rush to fold the clothes before they settled into a mass of incorrigible wrinkles. But if I mentioned this little deadline of mine, she might think I wasn't busy enough to need a housekeeper, so I just kept on patiently saying "Hmm" until she got to her parting line: "Look, this isn't a good time for me to talk. I've got to go now."I don't know when the cult of conspicuous busyness began, but it has swept up almost all the upwardly mobile, professional women I know. Already, it is getting hard to recall the days when, for example "Let's have lunch" meant something other than "I've got more important things to do than talk to you right now.'' There was even a time when people used to get together without the excuse of needing something to eat -- when, in fact, it was considered rude to talk with your mouth full. In the old days, hardly anybody had an appointment book, and when people wanted to know what the day held in store for them, they consulted a horoscope.It's not only women, of course; for both sexes, busyness has become an important insignia of upper-middle-class status. Nobody, these days, admits to having a hobby, although two or more careers -- say, neurosurgery and an art dealership -- is not uncommon, and I am sure we will soon be hearing more about the tribulations of the four-pay-check couple. Even those who can manage only one occupation at a time would be embarrassed to be caught doing only one thing at a time. Those young men who jog with their headsets on are not, as you might innocently guess, rocking out, but are absorbing the principles of international finance law or a lecture on one-minute management. Even eating, I read recently, is giving way to "grazing" -- the conscious ingestion of unidentified foods while drafting a legal brief, cajoling a client on the phone, and, in ambitious cases, doing calf-toning exercises under the desk. All the bustle, my busy friends would explain -- they want to succeed.But if success is the goal, it seems clear to me that the fast track is headed the wrong way. Think of the people who are genuinely successful: path-breaking scientists,best-selling novelists, and designers of major new software. They are not, on the whole, the kind of people who keep glancing shiftily at their watches or making small lists entitled "To Do." On the contrary, many of these people appear to be in a daze, like the distinguished professor I once had who, in the middle of a lecture on electron spin, became so fascinated by the dispersion properties of chalk dust that he could not go on. These truly successful people are childlike, easily distractible, fey sorts, whose usual demeanor resembles that of a recently fed hobo on a warm summer evening.The secret of the truly successful, I believe, is that they learned very early in life how not to be busy. They saw through that adage, repeated to me so often in childhood, that anything worth doing is worth doing well. The truth is, many things are worth doing only in the most slovenly, halfhearted fashion possible, and many other things are not worth doing at all. Balancing a checkbook, for example. For some reason, in our culture, this dreary exercise is regarded as the supreme test of personal maturity, business acumen, and the ability to cope with math anxiety. Yet it is a form of busyness which is exceeded in futility only by going to the additional trouble of computerizing one's checking account -- and that, in turn, is only slightly less silly than taking the time to discuss, with anyone, what brand of personal computer one owns, or is thinking of buying, or has heard of others using.If the truly successful manage never to be busy, it is also true that many of the busiest people will never be successful. I know this firsthand from my experience, many years ago, as a waitress. Any executive who thinks the ultimate in busyness consists of having two important phone calls on hold and a major deadline in twenty minutes, should try facing six tablefuls of clients simultaneously demanding that you give them their checks, fresh coffee, a baby seat, and a warm, spontaneous smile. Even when she's not busy, a waitress has to look busy -- refilling the salt shakers and polishing all the chrome in sight -- but the only reward is the minimum wage and any change that gets left on the tables. Much the same is true of other high-stress jobs, like working as a telephone operator, or doing data entry on one of the new machines that monitors your speed as you work: "success" means surviving the shift.Although busyness does not lead to success, I am willing to believe that success -- especially when visited on the unprepared -- can cause busyness. Anyone who has invented a better mousetrap, or the contemporary equivalent, can expect to be harassed by strangers demanding that you read their unpublished manuscripts or undergo the humiliation of public speaking, usually on remote Midwestern campuses. But if it is true that success leads to more busyness and less time for worthwhile activities -- like talking (and listening) to friends, reading novels, or putting in some volunteer time for a good cause -- then who needs it? It would be sad to have come so far -- or at least to have run so hard -- only to lose each other.Summary Writing (40 points)1. Content: 301) proper citation: the title, writer’s name; (5 points)2) theme: the author questions the relationship between busyness and success and points out the real significance of life; (5 points)3) key points:a. by illustrating her personal experience with a busy friend who called her, the author observes that there’s a wrong worship of busyness among modern people; (5 points)b. she argues that the secrete of the truly successful people is to learn what not to do and she offers some examples of the distinguished professor; (5 points)c. and she also points out that the busiest people may never be successful and then she recalls her past life as a waitress to support this ; (5 points)d. finally she concludes that even when the true success comes, people still should not forget what are more important in their lives, such as communicating with friends, enjoying spiritual works and helping others; (5 points)2. Wording: 5 points (Copying of the original sentences should be avoided.)3. Mechanism: 5 points (coherence and conjunction)Computers and Education in America--Dudley Erskine DevlinINTRODUCTION PART:(Background/ Hook)In the last decade, computers have invaded every aspect of education, from kindergarten through college. The figures show that schools have spent over two billion dollars installing two million new computers. Recently, with the explosive increase of sites on the Internet, computers have taken another dramatic rise. In just five years, the number of Internet hosts has skyrocketed from 2 million to nearly 20 million. It is not uncommon for 6th graders to surf the Net, design their own home pages, and e-mail their friends or strangers they have "met" on the Web. Computer literacy is a reality for many junior high students and most high school students. (Ask questions/ State thesis)In the midst of this technological explosion, we might well stop and ask some key questions. Is computer technology good or bad for education? Are students learning more or less? What, exactly, are they learning? And who stands to benefit from education's current infatuation with computers and the Internet?In the debate over the virtues of computers in education, the technological optimists think that computers and the Internet are ushering us into the next literacy revolution, a change as profound as Gutenberg's invention of the printing press. In contrast, a much smaller but growing number of critics believe that cyberspace is not the ideal classroom. I agree with the critics. If you consider your own experience, you'll agreethat the benefits of computer literacy are at best wildly overrated. At their worst, computers and the Internet pander to the short attention spans and the passive viewing habits of a young television generation.(Preview the target points)The technological optimists sing a siren song of an enchanted new land where the educational benefits of computers and the Internet are boundless. First, they boast that children can now access information on every conceivable subject. If little Eva or little Johnny wants to learn about far-away cultures, they can access sites from their own homes that will teach them about the great languages and cultures of the world. Second, these starry-eyed optimists warble about how the Internet has created a truly democratic space, where all children--rich, poor, black, white, and brown--have equal access to information and education. Third, they claim that computers will allow students to have e-mail conversations with experts on any subject around the world. No longer will students be limited by their own classroom, their teacher, or their environment. Distance learning is the wave of the future, and classrooms will become obsolete or at least optional. In the words of John Sculley, former CEO of Apple Computer, the new technologies have created an "avalanche of personal creativity and achievement" and they have given students the "ability to explore, convey, and create knowledge as never before." Children who used to hate going to school will now love to learn to read and write, to do math and science. They will voluntarily spend hours learning on the Web instead of being bored to death by endless books and stodgy teachers.BODY PART:(Refute point by point)Sound too good to be true? Let's examine these claims, one by one. First, promoters of computer learning are endlessly excited about the quantity of information available on the Internet. The reality, however, is quite a different story. If you've worked on the Internet, you know that finding and retrieving information from a Web site can sometimes be tedious and time consuming. And once you find a site, you have no idea whether the information will be valuable. Popular search engines such as Yahoo! are inefficient at finding relevant information, unless you just want to buy a book on or find a street map for Fargo, North Dakota. Information is definitely available on the Web, but the problem is finding relevant, reliable, and non-commercial information.Next, the optimists claim that the Internet is truly a democratic space with equal access for everyone. Again, the reality falls short. First, access to an Internet provider at home costs over a hundred dollars a month, once you add up service and long distance fees. And then there's the technology barrier--not every person has the skills to navigate the Web in any but the most superficial way. Equal access is still only a theoretical dream, not a current reality.Finally, computers do allow students to expand their learning beyond the classroom, but the distance learning is not a utopia. Some businesses, such as Hewlett Packard, do have mentoring programs with children in the schools, but those mentoring programs are not available to all students. Distance learning has always been a dreamof administrators, eager to figure out a cheaper way to deliver education. They think that little Eva and Johnny are going to learn about Japanese culture or science or algebra in the evening when they could be talking with their friends on the phone or watching television. As education critic Neil Postman points out, these administrators are not imagining a new technology but a new kind of child: "In [the administrator's] vision, there is a confident and typical sense of unreality. Little Eva can't sleep, so she decides to learn a little algebra? Where does little Eva come from? Mars?" Only students from some distant planet would prefer to stick their nose in a computer rather than watch TV or go to school and be with their friends.(Supplement)In addition to these drawbacks are other problems with computers in education. There is the nasty issue of pornography and the rampant commercialism on the Internet. Schools do not want to have their students spend time buying products or being exposed to pornography or pedophiles. Second, the very attractiveness of most Web sites, with their color graphics and ingenious links to other topics, promotes dabbling and skimming. The word "surfing" is appropriate, because most sites encourage only the most surface exploration of a topic. The Internet thus accentuates what are already bad habits for most students: Their short attention spans, their unwillingness to explore subjects in depth, their poor reading and evaluation skills. Computers also tend to isolate students, to turn them into computer geeks who think cyberspace is actually real. Some students have found they have a serious and addictive case of "Webaholism," where they spend hours and hours on the computer at the expense of their family and friends. Unfortunately, computers tend to separate, not socialize students. Finally, we need to think about who has the most to gain or lose from computers in the schools. Are administrators getting more students "taught" for less money? Are big companies training a force of computer worker bees to run their businesses? Will corporate CEO's use technology to isolate and control their employees?CONCLUSION PART:(Restate thesis/ Make analogs/ Offer other solutions)In short, the much ballyhooed promise of computers for education has yet to be realized. Education critic, Theodore Roszak has a warning for us as we face the brave new world of computer education.Like all cults, this one has the intention of enlisting mindless allegiance and acquiescence. People who have no clear idea of what they mean by information or why they should want so much of it are nonetheless prepared to believe that we live in an Information Age, which makes every computer around us what the relics of the True Cross were in the Age of Faith: emblems of salvation.I think if you examine your own experience with computers, you'll agree that the cult of computers is still an empty promise for most students. Computers, the Internet, and the Web will not magically educate students. It still must be done with reading, study, good teaching, and social interaction. Excellence in education can only be achieved the old fashioned way--students must learn it.Mei Long's work:With the development of the Internet, it becomes more and more difficult for people to live without the Internet. As everything goes both ways, when bringing much convenience to life, Internet also carries massive false information. So the discussion that whether network real name system should be extended to all of the Internet arouses most people's interest.In the discussion of "whether network real name system should be extended to all of the Internet ", LIFANGFANG believed that network real name system can decrease the crime rate in the network, and concerning the security of personal privacy is not difficult problem, which I find it quite questionable for the following reasons.First of all, if network real name system can decrease the crime in the network, let's see what happened in South Korea. South Korea is the first country who has put the network real name system in force. A survey found that the number of BBS libel decreased from 13.9% to 12.2% after the implementation of network real name system. But at the same time the average number of BBS users decreased from 2585 to 737. We can see it's the decrease of netizen which helped reduce the crime rate, rather than the network real name system.The network real name system is really harmful to the communication on the Internet. The most important characteristic of Internet is user anonymity. If network real name system carry out, maybe the number of grumble and rumor on the Internet will decrease, but it will also harm the netizen's enthusiasm of participating in politics and monitoring the government. People will choose to cancel the registration on the website or reduce their speech because they are afraid of being revenged.Moreover, the security of personal privacy is a big problem. It's very dangerous that let's strangers get your personal information. The criminal can use it for swindle, steal and so on. Network real name system makes websites more vulnerable by hackers. On July 2011, some information losing cases happened in South Korea, many non-governmental organizations and experts blamed these accidents to network real name system. The administrative security department of South Korea claimed that the government would cancel the network real name system gradually.From the above, I think it's not the right time for the network real name system extending to all of the Internet. What we should do is being responsible for our words and deeds on the Internet and creating a better network environment through our efforts. In a word, the civilization of the Internet needs the effort of everyone. Sample Test for PracticePart I: Summary Writing (40 points)Read the following article carefully, and then write a summary of it in about 200 words.Why Chinese Mothers Are SuperiorBy Amy ChuaA lot of people wonder how Chinese parents raise such stereotypically successful kids. They wonder what these parents do to produce so many math whizzes and music prodigies, what it's like inside the family, and whether they could do it too. Well, I can tell them, because I've done it.What Chinese parents understand is that nothing is fun until you're good at it. To get good at anything you have to work, and children on their own never want to work, which is why it is crucial to override their preferences. This often requires fortitude on the part of the parents because the child will resist; things are always hardest at the beginning, which is where Western parents tend to give up. But if done properly, the Chinese strategy produces a virtuous circle. Tenacious practice is crucial for excellence; rote repetition is underrated in America. Once a child starts to excel at something—whether it's math, piano, pitching or ballet—he or she gets praise, admiration and satisfaction. This builds confidence and makes the once not-fun activity fun. This in turn makes it easier for the parent to get the child to work even more.Chinese parents can get away with things that Western parents can't. Once when I was young—maybe more than once—when I was extremely disrespectful to my mother, my father angrily called me "garbage" in our native Hokkien dialect. It worked really well. I felt terrible and deeply ashamed of what I had done. But it didn't damage my self-esteem or anything like that. I knew exactly how highly he thought of me. I didn't actually think I was worthless or feel like a piece of garbage.By contrast, Western parents have to tiptoe around the issue, talking in terms of "health" and never ever mentioning the f-word, and their kids still end up in therapy for eating disorders and negative self-image. (I also once heard a Western father toast his adult daughter by calling her "beautiful and incredibly competent." She later told me that made her feel like garbage.)Chinese parents can order their kids to get straight as Western parents can only ask their kids to try their best. Chinese parents can say, "You're lazy. All your classmates are getting ahead of you." By contrast, Western parents have to struggle with their own conflicted feelings about achievement, and try to persuade themselves that they're not disappointed about how their kids turned out.I've thought long and hard about how Chinese parents can get away with what they do. I think there are three big differences between the Chinese and Western parental mind-sets.First, I've noticed that Western parents are extremely anxious about their children's self-esteem. They worry about how their children will feel if they fail at something, and they constantly try to reassure their children about how good they arenotwithstanding a mediocre performance on a test or at a recital. In other words, Western parents are concerned about their children's psyches. Chinese parents aren't. They assume strength, not fragility, and as a result they behave very differently.For example, if a child comes home with an A-minus on a test, a Western parent will most likely praise the child. The Chinese mother will gasp in horror and ask what went wrong. If the child comes home with a B on the test, some Western parents will still praise the child. Other Western parents will sit their child down and express disapproval, but they will be careful not to make their child feel inadequate or insecure, and they will not call their child "stupid," "worthless" or "a disgrace." If a Chinese child gets a B—which would never happen—there would first be a screaming, hair-tearing explosion. The devastated Chinese mother would then get dozens, maybe hundreds of practice tests and work through them with her child for as long as it takes to get the grade up to an A.Second, Chinese parents believe that their kids owe them everything. The reason for this is a little unclear, but it's probably a combination of Confucian filial piety and the fact that the parents have sacrificed and done so much for their children. (And it's true that Chinese mothers get in the trenches, putting in long grueling hours personally tutoring, training, interrogating and spying on their kids.) Anyway, the understanding is that Chinese children must spend their lives repaying their parents by obeying them and making them proud.By contrast, I don't think most Westerners have the same view of children being permanently indebted to their parents. My husband, Jed, actually has the opposite view. "Children don't choose their parents," he once said to me. "They don't even choose to be born. It's parents who foist life on their kids, so it's the parents' responsibility to provide for them. Kids don't owe their parents anything. Their duty will be to their own kids." This strikes me as a terrible deal for the Western parent.Third, Chinese parents believe that they know what is best for their children and therefore override all of their children's own desires and preferences. That's why Chinese daughters can't have boyfriends in high school and why Chinese kids can't go to sleepover camp. It's also why no Chinese kid would ever dare say to their mother, "I got a part in the school play! I'm Villager Number Six. I'll have to stay after school for rehearsal every day from 3:00 to 7:00, and I'll also need a ride on weekends." God help any Chinese kid who tried that one.Don't get me wrong: It's not that Chinese parents don't care about their children. Just the opposite. They would give up anything for their children. It's just an entirely different parenting model.Western parents worry a lot about their children's self-esteem. But as a parent, one of the worst things you can do for your child's self-esteem is to let them give up. On the flip side, there's nothing better for building confidence than learning you can do something you thought you couldn't.Western parents try to respect their children's individuality, encouraging them to pursue their true passions, supporting their choices, and providing positive reinforcement and a nurturing environment. By contrast, the Chinese believe that the best way to protect their children is by preparing them for the future, letting them seewhat they're capable of, and arming them with skills, work habits and inner confidence that no one can ever take away. (1087 words)From The Wall Street JournalPart II: Essay Writing (60 points)Please write an essay (title self-made) in about 400 words to refute the opinions of the article in Part I. Choose the main points to focus on and develop your argumentation with the proper logical patterns you have learnt. You need to include the hook, thesis restatement, topic sentences, supporting sentences, and concluding sentences in your article.。