试卷2

一、单选题（每题2 分，共16 分）1、传播学作为一门学科，诞生在【B 】A、中国B、美国C、德国D、日本2、报纸上的“读者来信”可以看作获取【D 】的一种形式。

A、熵B、噪音C、冗余信息D、反馈3、拉斯韦尔提出的传播模式是【B 】。

A、信息传送数学模式B、五W 模式C、两级传播模式D、议程设置模式4、赖特认为，传播的功能除了监测环境、联系社会、传承遗产之外，还有【D 】A、宣传B、规范C、教育D、娱乐5、《参考消息》的创办符合下列哪一条传播规律【C 】A、信息来源重要性B、诉诸情感C、防疫论D、休眠效应6、既能进行大众传播，又是人际传播重要工具的媒介是【D 】A、报刊B、广播C、电视D、互联网7、广告中使用动物形象来推销，符合宣传七种策略中的【B 】A、辱骂法B、转移法C、证词法D、平民百姓法8、德国学者伊丽莎白·诺纽曼提出的【D 】是一种强大效果理论。

A、教养理论B、知识沟假说C、第三者假说D、沉默的螺旋二、多选题（每题3 分，共24 分）1、下列哪些方法是量化/实证研究方法【A B C 】A、实地调查法B、内容分析法C、控制实验法D、哲学思辨2、人类传播的基本类型包括【A B C D 】A、自我传播B、人际传播C、组织传播D、大众传播3、人际传播的动机包括【A B C D 】A、认识自我B、建立人际关系C、控制周围环境D、进行情感沟通4、大众传播的功能包括【A B C D 】A、传播信息B、引导舆论C、教育大众D、提供娱乐5、下列传播活动哪些是在集权主义传播制度下进行的？【A D 】A、封建时代的传播活动B、当代西方资本主义国家的传播活动C、我国的新闻传播活动D、法西斯国家的传播活动6、麦克卢汉的理论包括【A B C 】A、媒介是人的延伸B、媒介即讯息C、冷媒介和热媒介D、媒介选择或然率公式7、下列对使用与满足理论的解说正确的是【A B C D 】A、这个理论从受众的角度出发来研究大众传播B、心理根源和社会根源引起了受众对信息的需求C、大众媒介通过不同形式来满足受众的信息需求D、最后导致需求的满足或其他（往往是非有意的）结果8、下列对创新与扩散论的解说正确的是【A B 】A、罗杰斯和休梅克的《创新的传播》是该理论的代表作B、它研究的是在社会中推广新技术、新知识的过程和效果C、用图表示的话，一项创新在社会中传播的过程大体上是一条直线D、比起人际传播来，大众媒介几乎没有任何传播效果三、名词解释（每题5 分，共分）1、信息人的精神创造物，是用以减少或者消除不确定性的任何事物。

2023年6月英语四级真题第2套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:Suppose the student union of your university is organizing an online discussion on interpersonal relationships. You are to write an essay on ways to maintain a warm and friendly relationship with your classmates and on the benefits of such a relationship. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) A man was bitten by a snake. C) A man kept a 4-foot snake as a pet.B) A man was taken to a hospital. D) A man fell off his toilet seat.2. A) Where the snake had been taken. C) How the snake was captured.B) Whether the snake was infected. D) Who owned the snake.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Taking her trash out in fancy dresses. C) Sharing her photos with famous movie stars.B) Amusing herself by going to ball parties. D) Posting her daughter's photos on social media.4. A) To make herself popular. C) To please her daughter.B) To amuse people. D) To record her achievements.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Eat as much as they want for $10. C) Have a meal even if they have no money.B) Have a chance of winning a $ 100 prize. D) Get a free meal after answering some questions.6. A) It was brought up by two staffers. C) It originated from a donation to her staff.B) It helped to popularize her restaurant. D) It was suggested by some of her customers.7. A) Fifty customers have offered donations. C) Many people have come to eat at the restaurant.B) More people have been giving than taking. D) Most staffers have received messages of kindness. Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He is a psychologist. C) He is a host for a TV program.B) He is a famous writer. D) He is a primary school teacher.9. A) Why social media accounts vanish without a trace.B) Why parents raise their children in different ways.C) Why people fail to respond to emails promptly.D) Why friends break off contact all of a sudden.10. A) They simply shut themselves down. C) They scream to get their parents back.B) They avoid showing their emotions. D) They attempt to ignore the whole situation.11. A) They may regard any difference as the end of a relationship.B) They are on better terms with friends and romantic partners.C) They try to express their feelings and thoughts effectively.D) They attach more value to their relationships with others.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Their price. C) Their quality.B) Their color. D) Their design.13. A) Jeans are a typical American garment.B). America makes the best-known brands of jeans.C) America has the best weaving tools in the world.D) Jeans are available in a greater variety in America.14. A) They are artificial. C) They are unique.B) They are natural. D) They are special.15. A) They are for casual wearing. C) They are much too pricey.B) They are popular with boys. D) They are worth the price.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passages and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) He desires more in life. C) He feels as inspired as other audience members.B) He wants to see it again. D) He longs to become a superstar himself.17. A) It is rather unrealistic. C) It is somewhat complicated.B) It is extremely artistic. D) It is relatively predictable.18. A) They are biased against women. C) They are full of shootings.B) They are basically misleading. D) They are too simple.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It can highlight leadership. C) It is a means to inspire creative thinking.B) It can help connect people. D) It is an intuitive way to solidify friendship.20. A) Allow them to recite data points. C) Enable them to remember the main idea.B) Make them more open to learning. D) Stimulate them to engage in discussions.21. A) Inspire listeners' imagination. C) Convey fundamental values.B) Enrich their own experience. D) Explain insightful ideas.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Immigrants outnumber U.S.-born Americans.B) Immigrants have been contributing to the U.S.C) Another wave of immigrants is hitting the U.S.D) The number of immigrants to the U.S. is declining.23. A) More of them expect their children to succeed in business.B) They have fewer chances to be hired by U.S. companies.C) They have founded most Fortune 500 companies.D) More of them are successful business people.24. A) They have higher installment loan debt than native-born Americans.B) Nineteen percent of them borrow money from friends and family.C) Their level of debt is lower than that of native-born Americans.D) Thirty-four percent of them use credit for their daily purchases.25. A) Keep their traditional values and old habits. C) Borrow money from financial institutions.B) Find employment in competitive businesses. D) Collaborate with native-born Americans.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirection s: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Morocco is responding to increasing energy demands by setting up one of the largest solar plants in the world.The Noor solar power station is ___26___ in the city of Ouarzazate and, once completed, will generate 580 million watts of electricity. The World Bank estimates it will serve 1.1 million people. It's ___27___ to be completed soon.Morocco's current energy comes ___28___ from imports. The nation hopes to get 50 percent of its energy from renewable sources by 2030. With demand for energy ___29___ at an annual rate of 7 percent, the new solar plant could be a ___30___ part of that goal."This makes Morocco a big ___31___ in the field of solar energy in the Arab region and the African continent. It could also be a forerunner for many other countries in the world that ___32___ on foreign imports of energy," said Ali Hajji, a solar energy specialist and engineering professor.Experts believe that the Middle East and North Africa have huge ___33___ for solar energy projects. This is partly because of adequate sunlight and partly because technology has become more ___34___ in the region."The last few years have seen a realization of ___35___ how competitive solar technologies can be," said Michael Taylor, a senior analyst at the International Renewable Energy Agency.A) affordable I) mostlyB) ancestor J) operatingC) crucial K) perhapsD) depend L) pioneerE) initial M) potentialF) insist N) risingG) just O) scheduledH) locatedSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by making the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.New Formula One Chief Hopes to Grab Americans' AttentionA) For the past four decades, the leader of Formula One car racing, one of the biggest annual sporting seriesin the world, was Bernie Ecclestone, a former motorcycle parts dealer who built it into an international presence essentially on his own.B) A skilled backroom operator who speaks without a filter, Ecclestone said often that in his opinion, thesport was at its best when he was allowed to act as "a dictator.”C) Yet now the dictator is gone. After an American company, Liberty Media, acquired the Formula Onecompetition recently, Chase Carey—a former executive with Fox Broadcasting Company and DirecTV who by his own admission is not a fierce racing fan—was named to replace Ecclestone and to try to renovate the organization's management, reach and ambition.D) Among the goals, Carey said in an interview on Tuesday, is one that just about every global sport seemsinterested in chasing: increasing interest in the United States. "People have said we're going to "Americanize' it," Carey said. "And we're not going to do that totally. But realistically, there are some elements of Americanization that the sport could use."E) While Formula One commands enormous audiences throughout much of the world, many Americansports fans know it as that other motorsport, the one that is not Nascar (纳斯卡车赛). Formula One teams race far more technologically advanced vehicles around tracks all over the world-in magnificent events in places like Malaysia, Monaco, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates, and on tradition-rich tracks like Silverstone in England and Monza in Italy too.F) The series has an annual race in Austin, Texas. But within "a few years," Carey said, he plans to bringanother to a destination American city, like New York, Los Angeles, Miami or Las Vegas. Carey's ambitious plan is two-fold: first, change the business model of Formula One, which he said was a "one-man show" under Ecclestone that had a largely narrow vision when it came to negotiating partnership deals; and second, alter the way fans experience the sport, both in person and remotely, so that connections between the audience and people within the series are easier to make.G) Increased digital access for fans, a more behind-the-scenes experience for broadcast viewers andinnovation in areas like virtual reality-what is it like to speed around a track inside a Ferrari?-are among the possibilities. "The sport has clearly been underserved," Carey said. "It doesn't do anything digitally.There's no marketing. It doesn't tell any stories. The goal in this is to make the fans connect to the live experience as much as possible, and the tools you have to do that, we're not using at all."H) The larger question, though, is a familiar one: Is there room for Formula One in the ever-crowded sportslandscape of the United States? Opinions vary, particularly because viewing habits among consumers continue to evolve. John Bloom, a professor at Shippensburg University who has studied American sports history, said the biggest challenge for any sport trying to increase its presence in the United States was framing itself in a way that had lasting appeal. "Sports generally become popular in some way because they establish a narrative," Bloom said. "When I think of motorsports in the U.S., what we allthink of is Nascar, and the narrative of Nascar is sort of rural, white, working-class Americans, mostly in the South, connecting with the atmosphere of those races. That's the narrative. When I think of the narrative of Formula One, it's a very different kind of audience."I) That difference, Carey said, is significant. While some might immediately link Formula One to Nascar interms of American growth, Carey said Formula One's brand research had indicated there was very little crossover; rather, Formula One fans generally cite other so-called elite events, like Wimbledon or the Ryder Cup, as competitions they enjoy. "Other than they're both cars, the Nascar fan base is a very different fan base," Carey said. "It's a very regional fan base. Formula One is a global, famous brand of stars. These are machines that shock and awe you."J) Carey's background is in deal making and innovation. At Fox Broadcasting Company, he was a top advisor for years, known for his skill in helping to lead the launch of the company into sports, as well as the start of Fox News Channel. After going to DirecTV, he positioned the satellite provider as a mainstream option in millions of households.K) Now, after Liberty Media paid $4.4 billion to acquire Formula One, he is charged with making the investment pay off. "I think they can build Formula One in the U.S.," said Patrick Crakes, an executive at In Vivo Media Group who spent 25 years at Fox Broadcasting Company before leaving in 2016 as a senior manager at Fox Sports. "People don't work on their cars anymore. They don't want that connection anymore. It's about technology and pushing the limits. It's about speed, danger and risk. And Formula One has that more than any other racing series."L) That is what hooked Carey, and he said he thought his experience was not unusual. He recalled attending Formula One's Monaco race last year and being overwhelmed by the ceremony leading up to the event, the way the race charmed the city for days ahead of the start. In his mind, it felt like a Super Bowl （超级碗橄榄球赛).M) Then, on race day, he watched as the cars rocketed out of a tunnel and went screaming toward a tight turn with the city's harbor and the Mediterranean Sea in the background framing the scene. He was fascinated."You can't help but be awed," he said, "and I think that feeling can be translated to the viewer."N) He added: "The broader sport is a little too inward-looking, and we need to be more open. In some ways, I'm glad to be coming from the outside. The guys who are in the sport forever are sitting there saying: 'We can't do that. We can't do that because it's never been done that way.""36. Chase Carey believes greater use should be made of digital technology to make Formula One moreaccessible to its fans.37. Chase Carey was deeply impressed by the ceremony preceding last year's Monaco race.38. One of Chase Carey's goals is to make Formula One more appealing to Americans.39. A former motorbike parts dealer led Formula One for the past forty years.40. Chase Carey thought the audience of Formula One could be made to share his feeling about the race.41. Chase Carey used to serve as a top advisor for a major broadcasting company.42. Chase Carey intends to make connections easier between the audience and the Formula One racers.43. The new leader of Formula One admitted he was not super interested in car racing.44. People's opinions differ as to whether Formula One can be promoted in the U.S.45. Compared with other racing series, Formula One focuses more on speed and involves more danger.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Supermarkets have long been suffering as one of the thinnest-margined businesses in existence and one of the least-looked-forward-to places to work or visit. For more than a decade, they have been under attack from e-commerce giants, blamed for making Americans fat, and accused of contributing to climate change.Supermarkets can technically be defined as giants housing 15,000 to 60,000 different products. The revolutionary idea of a self-service grocery, where people could hunt and gather food from aisles rather than asking a clerk to fetch items from behind a counter, first came about in America. There is some debate about which was the very first, but over the years a consensus has built around King Kullen Supermarket, founded in New York in 1930.For some 300 years, Americans had fed themselves from small stores and public markets. Shopping for food involved mud, noisy chickens, clouds of flies, nasty smells, bargaining, and getting short-changed. The supermarket imitated the Fordist factory, with its emphasis on efficiency and standardization, and reimagined it as a place to buy food. Supermarkets may not feel cutting-edge now, but they were a revolution in distribution at the time. They were such strange marvels that, on her first official state visit to the United States in 1957, Queen Elizabeth II insisted on an impromptu (即兴的)tour of a suburban-Maryland Giant Food.The typical supermarket layout has barely changed over the past 90 years. Most stores open with flowers, fruit and vegetables at the front as a breath of freshness to arouse our appetite. Meanwhile, they keep the milk, eggs, and other daily basics all the way back so you'll travel through as much of the store as possible, and be tempted along the way.In the early days, as the supermarket multiplied, so did our suspicion of it. We have long feared that this "revolution in distribution" uses corporate black magic on our appetite. The book The Hidden Persuaders, published in 1957, warned that supermarkets were putting women in a "hypnoidal trance (催眠恍惚状态)," causing them to wander aisles bumping into boxes and "picking things off shelves at random."46. What problem have supermarkets been facing?A) They are actually on the way to bankruptcy.C) They are forced to use e-commerce strategies.B) They have been losing customers and profits.D) They have difficulty adapting to climate change.47. What does the passage say about the idea of a self-service grocery?A) It was put forward by King Kullen. C) It has been under constant debate.B) It originated in the United States. D) It proves revolutionary even today.48. What did supermarkets do by adopting the Fordist factory approach?A) They modernized traditional groceries in many ways.B) They introduced cutting-edge layout of their stores.C) They improved the quality of the food they sold.D) They revolutionized the distribution of goods.49. What is the typical supermarket layout intended to do?A) Arouse customers' appetite to buy flowers, fruit and vegetables.B) Provide customers easy access to items they want to buy.C) Induce customers to make more unplanned purchases.D) Enable customers to have a more enjoyable shopping experience.50. What have people long feared about supermarkets?A) They use tricky strategies to promote their business.B) They are going to replace the local groceries entirely.C) They apply corporate black magic to the goods on display.D) They take advantage of the weaknesses of women shoppers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The traditional school year, with three months of vacation every summer, was first implemented when America was an agricultural society and the summer months were needed for farm work. Since then, we've completely changed as a nation. Students no longer spend summers farming, but they aren't in school, either. The average American student receives 13 weeks off from school each calendar year-with about 11 of those during the summer. Few other countries have more than seven weeks off in a school calendar.With the U.S. lagging behind other countries in academics, it's time to consider year-round schooling. One benefit of this change is that students will not fall victim to the "summer slide," or the well-documented phenomenon where students forget some of the knowledge they have acquired when too much time is taken off from school. Decades of research shows that it can take from 8 to 13 weeks at the beginning of every school year for students to get back to where they were before the summer holiday.But year-round schooling isn't just about academics. Teachers and students experience a closer relationship in year-round schools than they do in traditional schools and, in the absence of any long-term break, students do not feel detached from the school environment. These closer bonds and greater attachment pay off. Research shows that students in year-round schools are more self-confident and feel more positive about their schooling experience.But don't kids need time to relax? Some childhood development experts believe that time off from school is vital to healthy development as kids are not designed to spend so much of their time inside classrooms and the summer break provides a perfect opportunity to get outside. The problem with this argument is that most children aren't playing outside or even spending time with other kids. While some children visit summer camps, most stay at home, watching TV or playing games on electronic devices, which hardly benefits them.The U.S. has changed from a farming economy to a knowledge- and innovation-based economy, so it makes sense for the school year to change as well.51. Why did America's traditional school year have a three-month summer vacation?A) Students needed to help with farm work.B) Students needed time to learn necessary farming skills.C) The agricultural society then attached less importance to academics.D) America lagged behind other countries in making a scientific school calendar.52. What benefit will year-round schooling bring students in addition to improving their learning?A) It will help them get back to where their lessons started.B) It will enable them to absorb what they have learned.C) It will familiarize them with the school environment.D) It will strengthen their relationship with teachers.53. What do some childhood development experts believe about the long summer vacation?A) It meets students' need to study on their own.B) It enables students to learn about the outside world.C) It satisfies students' desire to stay longer at home.D) It contributes to students' healthy growth.54. What is the argument against the experts' idea of a long summer vacation?A) It does little good to most students.B) It benefits few students playing outside.C) It leads students to neglect their studies.D) It makes students addicted to computer games.55. What does the author think of the traditional school year in the U.S. today?A) Well-grounded. C) Outdated.B) Culture-bound. D) Welcomed.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.改革开放40多年以来,中国政府对高等教育越来越重视,高等教育已经进入稳步发展阶段。

无人机驾驶员、机长模拟试题（二）1、近程无人机活动半径在______（1 分）A．小于15km B．15~50km C．200~800km2、近程无人机活动半径在______以内（1 分）A.15kmB.15-50kmC.50-200km3、按照飞行高度区分，以下属于高空飞行的是______（1 分）A．4500米(含)至9000米(含)B．8000米(含)至12000米(含)C．6000米(含)至12000米(含)4、飞控子系统必须具备如下功能：______（1 分）A.无人机姿态稳定与控制，无人机飞行管理，应急控制B.无人机飞行管理，与导航子系统协调完成航迹控制，信息收集与传递C.无人机起飞与着陆控制，无人机飞行管理，信息收集与传递5、地面控制站飞行参数综合显示的内容包括______（1 分）A.飞行与导航信息、数据链状态信息、设备状态信息、指令信息B.导航信息显示、航迹绘制显示以及地理信息的显示C.飞行与导航信息、数据链状信息、地图航迹显示6、______主要是由飞行操纵、任务载荷控制、数据链路控制和通信指挥库等组成，可完成对无人机机载任务载荷等的操纵控制。

（1 分）A．指挥处理中心B．无人机控制站C．载荷控制站7、指挥控制与______是无人机地面站的主要功能（1 分）A.导航B. 任务规划C. 飞行视角显示8、地面站地图航迹显示系统可为无人机驾驶员提供飞行器______等信息（1 分）A.飞行姿态B. 位置C. 飞控状态9、空域是航空器运行的环境，也是宝贵的国家资源。

国务院、中央军委十分重视我国民用航空交通管制的建设工作，目前正在推进空域管理改革，预计划分三类空域，为_____。

（1 分）A．管制空域、监视空域和报告空域B．管制空域、非管制空域和报告空域C．管制空域、非管制空域和特殊空域10、在一个划定的管制空域内，由______负责该空域内的航空器的空中交通管制（1 分）A 军航或民航的一个空中交通管制单位B 军航和民航的各一个空中交通管制单位C 军航的一个空中交通管制单位11、机场标高指着陆区______的标高。

2021-2022学年一年级（下）期末数学试卷一、解答题（共1小题，满分14分） 1．（14分）口算。

168-= 8060-= 457-= 1630+= 667-=176-=309-=156-=831+=444-=712+= 5250-= 8(146)++= 20(128)-+=二、填一填，我不怕。

（每空1分，共27分）2．（4分）45的十位上是 ，表示 个十，个位上的是 ，表示 个一。

3．（2分） 个十和 个一合起来是67。

4．（2分）比50少30的数是 ，56比8多 。

5．（2分）与49相邻的两个数是 和 。

6．（2分）一个两位数，十位上的数是最大的一位数，个位上的数是最小的一位数，这个数写作 ，读作 。

7．（6分） 20角= 元 60分= 角34角= 元 角6元4角3-元= 元 角8．（3分）9．（2分）找规律填数。

2，5，8，11，14， ， 。

10．（2分）按规律接着画一画。

11．（2分）用做成一个，“1”的对面是 ，“3”的对面是 。

12．（4分）在横线上填上“>”“ <”或“=”。

736+ 376+ 728+ 872+ 329- 285140- 29四、把正确的答案序号填在（）里。

（每小题2分，共10分） 13．（2分）下面个位上是9的数是( ) A ．79B ．97C ．9014．（2分）比76大，比78小的数是( )A．77B．76C．7815．（2分）82个，4个，的个数比的个数() A．多得多B．少得多C．少一些16．（2分）妈妈买苹果用去8元，买西瓜用去9元，一共用去() A．17元B．1元7角C．7元1角17．（2分）有23个苹果，5个装一袋，要装()袋才能全部装完。

A．3B．4C．5五、解答题（共1小题，满分12分）18．（12分）数一数，填一填。

个个个（1）一共有个图形，（2）最多，最少。

六、看图列式计算。

（每题4分，共8分）19．（4分）看图列式计算。

古代汉语期末考试试卷（2）— 学年第一学期一 填空题(8%)1 《战国策》是一部＿＿＿时代的史料汇编，流传到现在的本子是经过西汉＿＿＿整理的。

对这部书，＿＿＿时期＿＿＿作过注。

2 《说文解字》是一部分析＿＿＿说解＿＿＿的专书，是＿＿＿时期＿＿＿所撰。

全书按＿＿＿排列，共有＿＿＿个部首。

3 汉代声训颇为流行，出现了一部声训专著，就是刘熙的＿＿＿。

它为后世＿＿＿ 理论的建立奠定了基础。

4 汉字形体的演变，经历了五个阶段，其中＿＿＿、＿＿＿、＿＿＿是古文字，＿＿＿、＿＿＿是今文字。

二 语法分析题(22%)1 词类活用常见的词类活用，其类型有：A 名词用如动词B 形容词用如动词C 量词用如动词D 动词的使动用法E 名词的使动用法F 名词的意动用法G 形容词的使动用法H 形容词的意动用法I 对动用法J 为动用法K 名词作状语请找出下面句子中的活用现象，写在横线上并在它的后面填写序号。

1) 师还，馆于虞。

（ ） 2) 越国以鄙远，君知其难也。

（ ） 3) 以其无礼于晋，且贰于楚也。

（ ） 4) 既东封郑，又欲肆其西封。

（ ）5) 遂置姜氏于城颍，而誓之曰。

（ ）6) 今君有区区之薛，不拊爱子其民，因而贾利之。

( ) 7) 邴夏御齐侯。

（ ） 8) 孟尝君客我。

（ ）9) 晋侯饮赵盾酒。

( )（ ） 10)蹇叔哭之，曰：“孟子，吾见师出而不见其入也。

” （ ）2 指出下列句子的句型，并填写序号。

A 双宾语句B 宾语前置句C 判断句D 被动句E 谓语前置句 1)且君尝为晋君赐矣。

2)姜氏何厌之有？学院-------------------------------------- 班级--------------------------------------------- 姓名------------------------------------- 学号-------------------------------------3)郗克伤于矢。

1.______to the sunlight for too much time will do harm to your-skin.A.ExposedB.Being exposedC.Having exposedD.To expose2.Remind me_____the medicine tomorrow.A.of takingB.takingC.to takeD.take3.The bank is reported in the local newspaper _______in broad daylight yesterday.A.to be robbedB.robbedC.to have been robbedD.having been robbed4.The little boy came to life ______he took the medicine given by Doctor Snow.A.at onceB.immediatelyC.at lastD.shortly5.The doctor suggested that the girl______in order to lose weight.A.must not eat lessB.ought not to eat lessC.had better not eat lessD.not eat less6.So______was he in his work that he didn’t notice that it was raining hard.A.takenB.devotedC.absorbedD.interesting7.We alol feel it is Jack as well as his wife that______for their son’s bad performance at school.A.are to blameB.is to the blamedC.are to be blamedD.is to blame8.---Who is _____the patient?----Maybe his sister.A.taking careB.looking forC.joining inD.attending on9.I’m sure your suggestion will ______solving the problem.A.contribute toB.devote toC.lead toD.keep to10.That gas pipeline project,_______in July 2008 and ______in 2012, will be the country’s longest gas pipeline project in history.Astarting; completing B.atarted; to be completedC.to start ; completedD.starting; completed11.The discovery of the new evidence led to________.A.the thief having caughtB.catch the thiefC.the thief being caughtD.the thief to be caught12.Only when ______.A.did he arrive the meeting beganB.he arrived did the meeting beginC.did he arrive the meeting beginD.he arrived the meeting began13.No sooner ______themselves in their seats in the theatre _______the curtain went up.A.they have settled; beforeB.had they settled; thanC.have they settled; whenD.they had settled; than14.In no country other than Britain, it has been said,______experience four seasons in the course of a single day.A.people canB.you canC.can itD.can one15.______he met with the difficulty did he realize the importance of our help.A.Even thoughB.Never untilC.Only beforeD.Ever since16.Is the hotel_____offered you a job_____you stayed the first time you arrived here?A.which; whereB.the one; in whichC.where;thatD.the one that; which17.This is the book I bought yesterday,________I spent 8 yuan.A.on whichB.for whichC.in whichD.at which18.We finally bought several books written by Shakespeare,______is one.A.which of themB.which of whoseC.of which thisD.and of them19.Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one______first is the library.A.repairedB.being repairedC.repairingD.to be repaired20.The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_______.A.expectationB.reputationC.contributionD.civilization21.Gun control is a subject_______Americans have argued for a long time.A.of whichB.with whichC.about whichD.into which22.A narrow strait _____Europe from Africa.A.separatesB.divedesC.makesD.takes23.She is in ______with her employers over sick pay.petitionpositionC.conflictD.confirme and see me whenever_______.A.you are convenientB.you will be convenientC.it is convenient to youD.it will be conventient to you25.-----Is there any possibility _____you could pick me up at the airport?-----No problem.A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.what26.----I’m really hungry now.----That’s because you have left your lunch_______.A.untouchingB.to be untouchedC.untouchedD.being untouched27.On August 12,2009 Typhoon Morakot swept across Taiwan island,______a lot of villages_____.A.left; damagedB.leaving; damagingC.leaviing; damagedD.left; damaging28.______of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend______her.A.Warning; followingB.Having warned; followingC.Having been warned; followingD.Warned; followed29.Having sports is certainly good for you, but it remains_______whether you’ll do it.A.to seeB.to be seenC.seeingD.seen30.______is expected, according to the online survey, is that prices of houses will not go up any more.A.AsB.It .C.WhatD.Which31.If you have a job,_______yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.A.do devoteB.don’t devoteC.devotingD.not devoting32.______is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which33.To accomplish the task, you’d better ______the ideas not related to it and pay more attention to the point.A.sweep awayB.sweep asideC.break offD.sweep up34.Though ______money, his parents managed to send him to university.cekedcking ofckingcked in35.______with so many challenges, Y ang Guang, a blind young fellow, didn’t give up; he made great efforts to win success.A.FacingB.To faceC.FacedD.Face36.The student, if well _____, will pass the examination without much difficulty.A.preparingB.preparedC.to prepareD.ready37.______, Jane was able to buy her mother a lovely new watch.A.To saveB.SavingC.SavedD.Having saved38.________a lot of people needed medical help, I decided to be a volunteer worker.A.KnowB.KnownC.KnowingD.To know。

高等代数试卷（2）1． 填空题：（2×10=20）1．若向量组可由线性表示，且r>s,则线性。

2．数域P上所有n阶反对称矩阵构成的线性空间的维数是；3．设是线性空间V的两个子空间，则的充分必要条件是= ；4．数域P上的两个有限维线性空间同构的充分必要条件是。

5．设V是数域P上的n维线性空间，是V上一切线性变换所成的P上的线性空间，则dim(L(V))= 。

6．设是线性空间V的一组基，则由这个基到基的过度矩阵是。

7．令P n[x]表示一切次数不大于n的多项式连同零多项式组成的线性空间，，则关于基下的矩阵是。

8．设是n维欧氏空间V上的一个正交变换，且（单位变换），则是变换。

9．欧氏空间V上的对称变换的特征根都是数。

10．设是n维欧氏空间V的一组标准正交基，则它的度量矩阵是。

二．判断题（每题1分，计10分）1．设。

（）2．两个等价的向量组一个线性无关，则另一个也线性无关。

（）3．若，，且V中的任意一个向量都可由线性表示，则实数是V的组基。

（）4．线性变换把线性无关的向量组变成线性无关的向量组。

（）5．如果一个线性变换是单射，则它无零特征根。

（）6．设是线性空间V上的一个线性变换，则的核与的象都是的不变子空间。

（）7．如果W是欧氏空间的一个子空间，那么对V的内积来说，W也作成欧氏空间。

（）8．设是欧氏空间V上的一个正交变换，则对于夹角等于的夹角。

（）9．两个n元二次型（与（等价的充分必要条件是A与B合同。

（）10．实二次型（正定的当且仅当A合同于单位矩阵。

（）三、证明题（10×3=30）1．在一个欧氏空间里，对任意向量有不等式；且仅当线性相关时等式成立。

2．设V是数域P上的n维线性空间，是V的一组基，那么对V的任意n个向量有且仅有一个线性变换 σ 使得。

3．设，令V表示A的全体实系数多项式矩阵关于通常加法与数乘运算构成的线性空间；证明：dim(V)=3.四、计算题（15×2=30）1．设，求出一个正交矩阵U，使得是对角矩阵。

第1页（共6页）秘密★启用前2022年毕节市初中毕业生升学考试数 学考生注意：1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡的规定位置．2．答题时，选择题使用2B 铅笔在答题卡上填涂，非选择题使用黑色字迹的笔在答题卡规定区域内作答，在试卷上作答无效．3．本试题共6页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟．一、选择题（本题15小题，每小题3分，共45分） 1．2的相反数是A ．2B ．2-C ．12D ．12-2．下列垃圾分类标识的图形中，既是中心对称图形又是轴对称图形的是A ．B ．C ．D ．3．截至2022年3月24日，携带“祝融号”火星车的“天问一号”环绕器在轨运行609天，距离地球277 000 000千米；277 000 000用科学记数法表示为A ．277×106B ．2.77×107C ．2.8×108D ．2.77×1084．计算()322x 的结果，正确的是A ．58xB ．56xC ．66xD ．68x5．如图，m ∥n ，其中∠1=40°，则∠2的度数为 A ．130° B ．140° C ．150° D ．160° 62cos 45-⨯︒的结果，正确的是AB．C． D．7．如果一个三角形的两边长分别为3，7，则第三边的长可以是A ．3B ．4C ．7D ．10第2页（共6页）8．在△ABC 中，用尺规作图，分别以点A 和C 为圆心，以大于12AC 的长为半径作弧，两弧相交于点M 和N ．作直线MN 交AC 于点D ，交BC 于点E ，连接AE ．则下列结论不一定正确的是 A ．AB =AE B ．AD =CD C ．AE =CE D ．∠ADE =∠CDE9．小明解分式方程121133xx x =-++的过程如下．解：去分母，得 32(33)x x =-+． ① 去括号，得 3233x x =-+． ② 移项、合并同类项，得 6x -=． ③ 化系数为1，得 6x =-．④ 以上步骤中，开始出错的一步是 A ．① B ．② C ．③D ．④10．如图，某地修建的一座建筑物的截面图的高BC ＝5 m ，坡面AB 的坡度为1AB 的长度为A ．10 mB ． mC ．5 mD ．m 11．中国清代算书《御制数理精蕴》中有这样一题：“马四匹、牛六头，共价四十八两（我国古代货币单位）；马三匹、牛五头，共价三十八两．问马、牛各价几何？”设马每匹x 两，牛每头y 两，根据题意可列方程组为A ．6448,5338x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩B ．6438,5348x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩C ．4648,3538x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩D ．4638,3548x y x y +=⎧⎨+=⎩12．如图，一件扇形艺术品完全打开后， AB ，AC 夹角为120°，AB 的长为45 cm ，扇面BD 的长为30 cm ，则扇面的面积是 A ．2375cm π B ．2450cm πC ．2600cm πD ．2750cm π13．现代物流的高速发展，为乡村振兴提供了良好条件．某物流公司的汽车行驶30 km 后进入高速路，在高速路上匀速行驶一段时间后，再在乡村道路上行驶1 h 到达目的地．汽车行驶的时间x （单位：h ）与行驶的路程y （单位：km）之间的关系如图所示．请结合图象，判断以下说法正确的是A ．汽车在高速路上行驶了2.5 hB ．汽车在高速路上行驶的路程是180 kmC ．汽车在高速路上行驶的平均速度是72 km/h D ．汽车在乡村道路上行驶的平均速度是40 km/hy第3页（共6页）14．在平面直角坐标系中，已知二次函数2y ax bx c =++（0a ≠）的图象如图所示，有下列5个结论： ①0abc >； ②20a b -=； ③930a b c ++>；④24b ac >； ⑤a c b +<．其中正确的有A ．1个B ．2个C ．3个D ．4个15．矩形纸片ABCD 中，E 为BC 的中点，连接AE ，将△ABE 沿AE 折叠得到△AFE ，连接CF ．若AB ＝4，BC ＝6，则CF 的长是 A ．3 B ．175C ．72D ．185二、填空题（本题5小题，每小题5分，共25分） 16．分解因式：228=m -______．17．甲乙两人参加社会实践活动，随机选择“做环保志愿者”和“做交通引导员”两项中的一项，那么两人同时选择“做环保志愿者”的概率是______．18．如图，在Rt △ABC 中，∠BAC ＝90°，AB ＝3，BC ＝5，点P 为BC 边上任意一点，连接P A ，以P A ，PC 为邻边作平行四边形P AQC ，连接PQ ，则PQ 长度的最小值为______． 19．如图，在平面直角坐标系中，正方形ABCD 的顶点A ，B 分别在x 轴、y 轴上，对角线交于点E ，反比例函数ky x=（x ＞0，k ＞0）的图象经过点C ，E ．若点A （3，0），则k 的值是______．18题图 19题图 20题图20．如图，在平面直角坐标系中，把一个点从原点开始向上平移1个单位，再向右平移1个单位，得到点A 1（1，1）；把点A 1向上平移2个单位，再向左平移2个单位，得到点A 2（1-，3）；把点A 2向下平移3个单位，再向左平移3个单位，得到点A 3（4-，0）；把点A 3向下平移4个单位，再向右平移4个单位，得到点A 4（0，4-）；…；按此做法进行下去，则点A 10的坐标为______．第4页（共6页）分数三、解答题（本题7小题，共80分） 21．（8分）先化简，再求值：2241442a a a a -⎛⎫÷- ⎪+++⎝⎭，其中2a ．22．（8分）解不等式组()328131322x x x x --⎧⎪⎨-<-⎪⎩≤，，并把解集在数轴上表示出来．4321-3-2-123．（10分）某校在开展“网络安全知识教育周”期间，在八年级中随机抽取了20名学生分成甲、乙两组，每组各10人，进行“网络安全”现场知识竞赛．把甲、乙两组的成绩进行整理分析（满分100分，竞赛得分用x 表示： 90100x ≤≤为网络安全意识非常强，8090x <≤为网络安全意识强，80x <为网络安全意识一般）． 收集整理的数据制成如下两幅统计图：甲组学生竞赛成绩统计图 乙组学生竞赛成绩统计图23题图123题图2分析数据：根据以上信息回答下列问题：（1）填空：a =______，b =______,c =______；（2）已知该校八年级有500人，估计八年级网络安全意识非常强的人数一共是多少？ （3）现在准备从甲乙两组满分人数中抽取两名同学参加校际比赛，求抽取的两名同学恰好一人来自甲组，另一人来自乙组的概率．24．（12分）如图，在△ABC中，∠ACB＝90°，D是AB边上一点，以BD为直径的⊙O与AC相切于点E，连接DE并延长交BC的延长线于点F．（1）求证：BF＝BD；（2）若CF＝1，tan∠EDB＝2，求⊙O的直径．25．（12分）2022北京冬奥会期间，某网店直接从工厂购进A、B两款冰墩墩钥匙扣，进货价和销售价如下表：（注：利润=销售价 进货价）（1钥匙扣分别购进的件数；（2）第一次购进的冰墩墩钥匙扣售完后，该网店计划再次购进A、B两款冰墩墩钥匙扣共80件（进货价和销售价都不变），且进货总价不高于2 200元．应如何设计进货方案，才能获得最大销售利润，最大销售利润是多少？（3）冬奥会临近结束时，网店打算把B款钥匙扣调价销售．如果按照原价销售，平均每天可售4件．经调查发现，每降价1元，平均每天可多售2件，将销售价定为每件多少元时，才能使B款钥匙扣平均每天销售利润为90元？26．（14分）如图1，在四边形ABCD中，AC和BD相交于点O，AO=CO，∠BCA=∠CAD．（1）求证：四边形ABCD是平行四边形；（2）如图2，E，F，G分别是BO，CO，AD的中点，连接EF，GE，GF，若BD=2AB，BC=15，AC=16，求△EFG的周长．26题图1 26题图2第5页（共6页）第6页（共6页）27．（16分）如图，在平面直角坐标系中，抛物线2+y x bx c =-+与x 轴交于A ，B 两点，与y 轴交于点C ，顶点为D （2，1），抛物线的对称轴交直线BC 于点E ． （1）求抛物线2+y x bx c =-+的表达式；（2）把上述抛物线沿它的对称轴向下平移，平移的距离为h （h >0），在平移过程中，该抛物线与直线BC 始终有交点，求h 的最大值；（3）M 是（1）中抛物线上一点，N 是直线BC 上一点．是否存在以点D ，E ，M ，N 为顶点的四边形是平行四边形？若存在，求出点N 的坐标；若不存在，请说明理由．。

试卷二一、单选题1.美国教育家布鲁纳强调学生在学习中的主动性和认知结构的重要性，认为教学的最终目的是促进学生对学科基本结构的掌握。

这种理论主张的学习方式是( A )A.发现学习B.认知结构学习C.意义学习D.接受学习2.最早对无意识现象进行深人研究的是( A )A.精神分析学派B.机能主义学派C.人本主义学派D.构造主义学派3.“吃不到葡萄说葡萄酸，得不到的东西就是不好的。

”这种心理防御方式称为( B )A.否认B.文饰B.投射 D.幻想4.下列情境中代表内在动机的情境是( D )A.课间休息时，小李回到教室做作业B.王老师对张华的单词测验成绩表示满意C.校长在全校大会上宣布三好学生名单D.陈英每天独自看几个小时电视5.在同一时间内能清楚把握对象的数量的是（ A ）A.注意的广度B.注意的分配C.注意的稳定性D.注意的转移6.“榜样学习”的教育效应最适宜的心理学解释理论是（ d ）A、强化说B、认知失调论C、从众说D、观察学习理论7.个体倾向于利用自己身体或内部参照作为信息加工依据的学习风格（ b ）A、场依存性B、场独立性C、冲动型D、沉思型8.先行组织者(用于接受学习)教学策略是给学习者提供（ c ）A、图表B、新知识C、引导性材料D、以上都对9.心理学家研究认为，态度的核心成分是（b ）A、认知成分B、情感成分C、行为倾向成分D、认知与情感成分10.学过正方体、长方体等形体体积计算公式，再学习一般柱体的体积计算公式（V=SH）,这种学习属于（A）。

A.上位学习B.下位学习C.并列结合学习D.发现学习11.在试误学习的过程中，在学习者对刺激情境做出特定的反应之后能够得到满意的结果时，其联结就会增强；而得到烦恼的结果时，其联结就会减弱。

桑代克将这一原理称为（A）。

A.效果律B.练习律C.准备律D.试误律12.动机冲突有多种形式，“鱼和熊掌不可兼得”的矛盾心理状态属于( A )A.双趋冲突B.双避冲突C.趋避冲突D.多重趋进冲突13.鲁班因茅草划破手这一事件引发思考而发明了锯，这类创造活动的心理影响机制主要是( D )A.功能固着B.迁移C.定势D.原型启发14.考试时，有些学生会因为老师站在旁边，一个字也写不出来。

一．单选题：1．决策选取最优方案的代价是（B ）。

A．差量成本B．机会成本C．边际成本D．应付成本2．如果本期销售量比上期增加，则可断定按变动成本法计算的本期营业净利润（B ）。

A．一定本期等于上期B．本期应当大于上期C．本期应当小于上期D．本期可能等于上期3．在其他因素不变的条件下，固定成本减少，保本点（B ）。

A．升高B．降低C．不变D．不一定变动4．保本作业率与安全边际率之间的关系是（D ）。

A．两者相等B．前者一般大于后者C．后者一般大于前者D．两者之和等于15．在管理会计学中，将“为实现管理会计目标，合理界定管理会计工作的时空泛围，统一管理会计操作方法和程序，组织管理会计工作不可缺少的前提条件”称为（ A ）。

A．管理会计假设B．管理会计原则C．管理会计术语D．管理会计概念6．如果完全成本法期末存货吸收的固定性制造费用大于期初存货释放的固定性制造费用，则完全成本法与变动成本法的营业净利润的差额（ C ）。

A．一定等于零B．可能等于零C．一定大于零D．一定小于零7．如果产品的单价与单位变动成本上升的百分率相同，其他因素不变，则保本销售量（ B ）。

A．上升B．下降C．不变D．不确定8．在不确定因素情况下，进行本量利分析时，各种有关因素的值是一个（B ）。

A．概率值B．确定值C．分数值D．负数值9．销售量不变，保本点越高，则能实现的利润（A ）。

A．越小B．不变C．越大D．不一定10．某企业全年发生的固定成本总额为600000元，预计当年实现目标利润300000元，产品销售单价500元/件，变动成本率为40%，则企业保本量是（ B ）。

A．1800件B．2000件C．4500件D．5000件11．已知某企业生产甲、乙两种产品，其单位贡献边际率分别为15%和20%，销售比重分别为40%和60%,则用加权平均法计算综合贡献边际率为（ C ）A ．15% B．%C ．18% D．20%12．如果某期按变动成本法计算的营业利润为6 000元，该期产量为3 000件，销售量为2 000件，期初存货为零，固定性制造费用总额为3 000元，则按完全成本法计算的营业利润为（ D ）元A．1 000 B．5 000 C．6 000 D．7 00013．责任会计的主体是（B ）A．管理部门B．责任中心C．销售部门D．生产部门14．下列项目中，不属于现金流出项目的是（A ）A．折旧费B．经营成本C．各项税款D．建设投资15．某企业的维修费是一项混合成本，在过去的12个月中，修理业务最高耗时30人工小时，发生修理费480元；修理业务最少时耗费12人工小时，发生修理费270元，则可分解出修理费用中固定成本为（C ）A．110元B．120元C．130元D．150元16．普通年金是指（A ）A．后付年金B．先付年金C．永续年金D．递延年金17．某企业只生产一种产品，单价6元，单位变动生产成本4元，单位销售和管理变动成本元，销量500件，则其产品贡献边际为（B ）元A．650 B．750C．850 D．95018．某产品保本作业率60%，边际贡献率35%，则其销售利润率等于（A ）。