文字增益法翻译练习题
- 格式:doc
- 大小:37.50 KB
- 文档页数:3
新编实用翻译考试题及答案一、单项选择题(每题2分,共10分)1. 下列哪项不是翻译中常见的问题?A. 语言差异B. 文化差异C. 个人偏好D. 语法结构2. “信、达、雅”是翻译的三大标准,其中“雅”指的是:A. 忠实原文B. 通顺易懂C. 文字优美D. 语言简洁3. 在翻译过程中,译者应该:A. 完全忠实原文B. 适当增减内容以适应目标语言C. 忽略文化差异D. 只关注语言的直译4. 下列哪项不是翻译技巧?A. 直译B. 意译C. 机器翻译D. 归化5. 翻译中,“四字格”的使用通常指的是:A. 保留原文的四个词B. 替换为等效的四个词C. 忽略不译D. 翻译成四个词的短语二、句子翻译(英译汉,每题5分,共20分)1. "The project is expected to be completed by the end of the year."翻译:2. "She has a natural talent for playing the piano."翻译:3. "Despite the heavy rain, the match continued without interruption."翻译:4. "His speech was so inspiring that it brought tears to everyone's eyes."翻译:三、段落翻译(汉译英,每题10分,共20分)1. 中国的春节是最重要的传统节日之一,人们通过举行家庭团聚、吃年夜饭、放鞭炮和拜年来庆祝这个节日。
翻译:2. 随着科技的发展,移动支付已经成为了人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分,它极大地方便了我们的购物和交易方式。
翻译:四、短文翻译(英译汉,15分)"Innovation is the driving force behind economic growth andsocial progress. It is the key to solving many of the world's most pressing problems, from climate change to public health crises. By fostering a culture of innovation, we can unlock new opportunities and build a better future for all."翻译:五、短文翻译(汉译英,15分)“教育是社会发展的基石,它不仅能够提升个人的知识水平和技能,还能够促进社会的整体进步。
翻译理论试题及答案翻译作为一门学科,涉及广泛,其中的理论内容是学习者们必须掌握的基础知识。
下面将为大家提供一些常见的翻译理论试题及其答案,希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
试题一:解释下列术语:源语、目的语、等效、文化转换、信达雅。
答案:- 源语(Source Language):指待翻译的原始语言,即需要从中翻译出来的语言。
- 目的语(Target Language):指翻译的目标语言,即需要将源语翻译成的语言。
- 等效(Equivalence):翻译中的一个重要原则,指源语和目的语相互对等的关系,即通过翻译使得目的语的表达效果与源语相近。
- 文化转换(Cultural Turnover):翻译过程中需要进行的一种转换,指将源语中的文化元素转化为目的语中的相应文化元素,以确保翻译的准确性和流畅性。
- 信达雅(Faithfulness, Expressiveness, and Elegance):翻译的基本要求,即翻译要忠实于源语,表达得准确、清晰,并具有一定的文学美感。
试题二:请解释直译与意译的区别,并分别举例说明。
答案:- 直译(Literal Translation):指将源语的字面意思翻译成目的语的过程,忠实于原文文字表达,不注重意思的转换。
例如,将英文句子"I am hungry"直译为汉语"我饿了"。
- 意译(Free Translation):指在翻译过程中根据语境、文化等因素进行意思转换的过程,注重传达信息和意义。
例如,将英文句子"Break a leg"意译为汉语"祝你好运"。
试题三:简要解释语际翻译和语内翻译的概念,并分别阐述其应用场景。
答案:- 语际翻译(Interlingual Translation):指将一种语言翻译为另一种完全不同的语言的过程,涉及到不同语言系统之间的转换。
这种翻译常用于国际交流、翻译出版等领域。
Translation Exercises (with reference keys)(for the third grade English majors)Part One: SentencesExercise 1 Comprehension and Expression (1)Exercise 2 Articles (2)Exercise 3 The translation of “It” (3)Exercise 4 The expletive “There” (4)Exercise 5 Passive voice (5)Exercise 6 Nouns in English (5)Exercise 7 Prepositions (6)Exercise 8 Diction (用词) (7)Exercise 9 Amplification (增益) (8)Exercise 10 Omission (省略) (9)Exercise 11 Conversion (词性转换) (9)Exercise 12 Inversion (调整词序) (10)Exercise 13 Negation (反译) (11)Exercise 14 Division (拆译) (12)Exercise 1 Comprehension and Expression1.That’s all Greek to me. 那个我一窍不通。
2.He was up to his neck in debt. 他负债累累。
(或:他债台高筑。
)3.The enemy troops fled in disorder. 敌军狼奔豕突。
(豕shǐ,猪)4.The naughty boy was upsetting the other children, so I showed him the door.那个顽皮的孩子扰乱别的孩子,所以我把他撵走了。
1.下列句子的翻译需要用到增补手法的是:( A )A.I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.B.The Harrow custom of calling the roll is different from that of Eton. C.I knew her before I ever met your mother.D.Mark his professions to my poor husband. Can anything be stronger?2.下列不属于西方最流行的翻译标准的是:( B ) A.equivalent valueB.identityC.functional equivalenceD.equivalent effect1. 指出下列所用到的翻译手法:You can never tell. ------很难说。
( A )A. omission.B. dictionC. negationD. conversion2. Air pressure decreases with altitude. -----气压随着海拔的增加而下降。
( C )A. conversionB. omissionC. amplificationD. negationWho said "convey as the original says"? BA. Yan FuB. Dao AnC. Fu LeiD. Lu XunWhat is the focus of both literal translation and liberal translation? B A. Culture B. Social background C. Linguistic transfer D. LinguisticenvironmentEnglish is a ___C__ language dominated by_____, whereas Chinese is a _____ language dominated by _____.A.semantic nouns morphological verbsB.semantic verbs morphological nounsC.morphological nouns semantic verbsD.morphological verbs semantic nounsEnglish syntactic features are the_B____, and English is_____ prominent language, but Chinese syntactic features are the_____.A.hypotaxis predicate parataxisB.hypotaxis subject parataxisC.parataxis subject hypotaxisD.parataxis predicate hypotaxisWhich is not one of devices of textual cohesion ? DA collocationB referenceC synonymyD ParataxisWhich is not one of the procedure of translation ? CA understandingB checkC lookingD expressionWhen translating long sentences, we should realize that the sentence structure of Chinese is---A--?A. bamboo-likeB. chain-likeC. circle-likeD. tree-like1 篇章是表达整体概念的—B—单位。
文言文翻译实用技能提升训练10题一、技法概说(一)翻译的原则:直译为主,意译为辅。
直译是指在尽量保留原文的内容、形式和风格的基础上进行翻译,意译则指在翻译过程中为了使语句更加通顺,或是为了照顾当代读者的语言习惯而对原文的内容和形式做出适当的改变和调整。
文言文的翻译要严格遵循“直译为主,意义为辅”的原则,这也是高考考查的侧重点。
(二)翻译的标准:信、达、雅。
“信”,即忠实于原文,不曲译,不乱译;“达”指遣词用句要做到通顺畅达,符合当下的语言表达习惯和规范;“雅”指在翻译风格鲜明、意境优美的古诗文时要用语雅致,保留原汁原味。
其中,“信”和“达”为高考考查的侧重点。
(三)翻译技法六字诀:留、补、组、删、调、贯。
“留”,指保留人名、地名、官名、朝代名等古代专有名词不译;“补”,指补出省略的主语、宾语、介词等成分;“组”,指将古文中的单音节词组成或换为现代汉语中的双音节词;“删”,指删去多余的结构助词、音节助词等多余的、无实际意义的虚词;“调”,指调整状语后置、宾语前置、定语后置等倒装结构的语序;“贯”,指在把握语境和大意的基础上,融会贯通、灵活运用翻译技巧。
二、提升训练1.(1)骞留岁余,竟不能得月氏要领,乃还,复为匈奴所得。
(2)今诚以厚币赂乌孙,招以益东,与汉结昆弟,其势宜听。
2.(1)今主一宴而耻人之君相,又弗备,曰‘不敢兴难’,无乃不可乎!(2)才有余而德不足,以至于颠覆者多矣,岂特智伯哉?3.(1)谭至,不与席而让之,谭顿首辞谢;良久,乃遣之。
(2)崇,将也,得带剑侍侧。
卒有变,足以相当。
4.(1)崇沈深宽厚,有方略,魏主素知其忠笃,委信不疑。
(2)亮去留自擅,违我经略,虽有小捷,岂免大咎。
5.(1)因区别部类,录而序之。
今定林寺经藏,勰所定也。
(2)既成,未为时流所称。
勰自重其文,欲取定于沈约。
6.(1)惜其未始有传焉者,故累记其所属,遗之其人,书之其阳,俾后好事者求之得以易。
(3)古之人其有乐乎此耶?后之来者有能追予之践履耶?7.(1)怠荒是戒,励精是图,庶可以回天意,慰人心。
姓名高莉萍学号 201210415123 专业班级英语师范1班文字增益法-翻译练习练习题一一、试译下列各句,注意在斜体名词前后增加动词:1.We talked for almost six hours, through dinner and well into the night.我们谈论了将近6个小时,从吃饭一直到晚上。
2.My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time.我做工作,干家务,与朋友交往占据了我所有时间。
二、试译下列各句,注意在斜体名词前增加形容词:1.“ This is grasping at straws, I know, ” said the helpless man.我知道这是一个救命的稻草,这个无助的人说道。
2.With the meeting to begin in just a couple of hours, I hadn’t the time to worry about suchtrifles.再有2个小时会议就要开始了,我没有多余的时间去担心那些琐事。
三、试译下列各句,注意在斜体动词前增加副词:1.Now and then his boots shone.有时他把鞋擦的亮闪闪。
2. A seagull (海鸥)saw the light from my window and darted up to it.一只海鸥看到了我窗前的一束光就迅速地朝那飞了过去。
3.They lingered long over his letter.他们在他的信上徘徊了很长时间。
4.He turned a chair around and straddled it, resting his chin on the back.他把椅子转过来叉开腿做在上面,并把他的下巴放在椅背上。
四、试译下列各句,注意在斜体不及物动词后增加名词:1.He began to see things and to understand.他开始看透并去理解事物。
增益法-翻译练习1.The privatization of the postal savings and postal life insurance business will create a private bank and an insurance company that will be among the world’s largest. (重复作为增益手段)2.Japanese companies expanding their operations into global markets are receiving marketing, language and cultural support from the firm at their new locations. (修辞性增益,重复作为增益手段)3.Whether that was down to the brilliance of central banks or the deflationary pressures emanating from China and India is still a matter of debate. (语义性增益,语法结构性增益)4.The points of contention in the violation of privacy rights have been diverse, ranging from the publication of personal secrets, personal background and love affairs, to the publication of pictures without permission. (行文方式性增益) 5.The balance of payments accounts is a record of all international transactions that are undertaken between residents of one country and residents of other countries during some period of time. (语义性增益)6.The change in plan resulted from a misjudgment on the part of the firm’s top management on what the company’s employees and business partners wanted.(语义性增益,语法结构性增益)7.During the ten years’ application of WTO, the Dispute Settlement System plays a very important role in the field of international trade dispute settlement. As the key process of the whole system, panel jurisdiction wins more and more respect.(背景信息性增益)尝试翻译(关于词语前后更加合理的搭配)1.China’s top industrial regulator said on Tuesday that the country is unlikely to seea “double dip” in its economy in the second half of this year.2.Assuming the laboratory tests go well, and you can quote us a competitive price, we’d certainly be able to place more substantial orders on a regular basis. 3.The claim concerning the quality of the commodity shall be lodged within 30 days after arrival of the cargo at the port of destination.。
笔译理论与技巧——课后练习题习题,英汉翻译句子第三课1.China has joined the multilateral group controlling the export of nuclear materials and technology in an important step to bring its policies on proliferation in line with those of Western powers.2.Beijing, China's capital, has become the latest of several industrial centres to fall victim to electricity shortages, with authorities preparing to impose rolling blackouts on some 6,400 factories from yesterday until the end of August.3.The rate of increase in China's car sales slowed dramatically in June, sending the market into potentially more perilous territory for the local and multinational manufacturers that have recently committed more than $l0 billion to new capacity in the country.4.Chinese industrial output growth rebounded in August after months of decline, challenging hopes that the government is successfully engineering a smooth economic "soft landing" and fuelling speculation that Beijing will soon order an interest rate rise.5.Despite this backwardness (in the communications) -or perhaps because of it-China hopes to leapfrog into the digital era by bypassing many of the costly transitional technologies that industrial nations are now seeking to replace with more advanced digital systems.6.Today's teachers know they have to make lessons fast-moving and entertaining for children raised on television and computer games.7.China's fixed-asset investment in October was up 26.4percent from a year earlier, down from the previous month but at a level analysts said was still high enough for Beijing to keep a tight grip on credit.8.In March, the US filed its first WTO complaint against Beijing, over what the US says is a discriminatory tax on semiconductors. With the EU about to follow the same path, China could soon be embroiled in trade disputes with two of its biggest trading partners and investors.第三课1.中国加入了控制核材料和技术出口的多国集团。
翻译1、I challenge my own conclusion.(选用适当的词汇)我重新考虑我的结论。
2、Still to come: a car called the Violet in Japan, but due for a new name before American introduction.(选用适当的词汇)有待上市:一种在日本本土称之为“紫罗兰”的小汽车,销往美国时得给它起一个新的名字。
3、Deaths and fasts are provoking bombings, gun battles, riots and public concerns.(选用适当的词汇)死亡和绝食正在引发爆炸事件、枪战及骚乱,从而也引起了公众的普遍关注。
4、They denounced the exposure of children to such corrupting literature.(选用适当的词汇)他们指责不该让儿童接触这类腐蚀心灵的文学作品。
5、They expansionists and their like now think the time has come for them to raise a hue and cry.(选用适当的词汇)扩张主义者及其一伙认为时机已到,他们可以贼喊捉贼地喧嚣一阵了。
6、But Egypt was recovering her true self , drawing lessons both from her own mistakes and from her enemies.(选用适当的词汇)但是埃及人正在恢复自己的本来面目,她既从自己的错误中吸取教训,又从自己的敌人那里得到借鉴。
7、From life to death is man’s reach.(选用适当的词汇)人生历程就是从生到死。
8、If he is anything of a gentleman, he will keep his promise, I should think. (选用适当的词汇)他如果有一点点绅士风度,我想他会守约的。
增词法(上)试译下列句子Success is often just an idea away.原译:成功往往只是一个念头的距离。
改译:成功与否往往只是一念之差。
分析:“原译”似乎与原文一一对应、丝丝入扣。
但却含糊不清,让人难解其意。
“改译”增加了“与否”二字起到了画龙点睛的作用,让人茅塞顿开。
The dust, the uproar(喧嚣)and the growing darkness threw everything into chaos.原译:烟尘、喧闹声和渐浓的夜色使一切都陷入混乱之中。
改译:烟尘滚滚,人声嘈杂,夜色愈浓,一切都陷入混乱之中。
分析:“改译”增加“滚滚”、“人声”几个字,不仅将原文意思表达得淋漓尽致,而且“四字格”的运用也使译文音韵和谐、琅琅上口。
英汉两种语言由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时常常有必要在译文的词量上作适当的增加,使译文既能忠实地传达原文的内容和风格,又能符合译入语的表达习惯。
增词法(amplification):亦称增词或增益法,指的是在英汉翻译中适当增加原文中无其形而有其义的词语,以使译文自然通顺,完整、贴切地表达原文的思想内容。
翻译时倘若过于拘泥于原文的表达形式,采用一对一的逐词死译,往往就会使译文生硬晦涩,令人费解,有时甚至背离原文的意思。
但是,增词法并不意味着译者可以随心所欲、任意地添枝加叶,而必须遵守一条基本原则:——增加原文字面虽未出现,但却为其实际内容所包含的词语。
增词一般用于以下三种情况:一是为了意义上的需要;二是为了修辞上的需要;三是为了语法(句法)上的需要。
根据意义上或修辞上的需要一、增加量词1)由于英语中没有量词,数词(包括不定冠词a)与可数名词往往直接联用,而汉语却往往要借助量词。
因此翻译时应根据汉语表达习惯恰当地增加表示其形状、特征或材料的量词。
a bike 一辆自行车a mouth 一张嘴a full moon 一轮满月Repeat the experiment using a wooden ruler,a metal spoon,a coin,a tin lid,a pencil and a rubber eraser.用一把木尺、一把金属匙、一枚硬币、一个铁盒盖、一枝铅笔和一块橡皮,重做这个试验。
英汉笔译1-7单元综合练习答案第一章综合练习及参考译文1.翻译下列句子,注意斜体部分的表达并说明翻译的特点1) I took advice on the matter.【译文】就此事我已征求过意见。
2) They are all of age.【译文】他们都是成年人。
3) It has made the headlines that the president’s wife threatened her husbands with public exposure.【译文】总统夫人说要公开揭发丈夫,这件事成了头条新闻。
4) He often talks horse.【译文】她常吹牛。
5) They lingered long over his letter.【译文】他们反复看了他的来信。
6) Between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.【译文】咱们私下里说说,我看那人不怎么样。
7) There is something in the wind.【译文】好像要出事了。
(风里有些什么东西。
)8) She has the making of a good teacher.【译文】她具有一个优秀教师的潜质。
9) You never realize how fortunate you are to have good health until it is suddenly brought home to you by the sight of suffering.【译文】除非你亲眼目睹体弱多病之苦,不然,你是不会意识到你有一个健康的身体有多好。
10) That notion is being nurtured by people.【译文】有人在吹这种风。
11) Dawn breaking over the islands, very beautiful in a soft grey light with many clouds. There is a transparency about thelight here which cannot be described or painted.【译文】曙色中的海岛美极了,晨曦柔合,彩云片片。
第十四讲句子翻译题一、考点能够运用所学的文言文知识进行简单的翻译。
二、知识点讲解(一)“信、达、雅”的原则。
“信”就是忠实原文,准确表达原文的意思,不随意增减内容。
“达”就是通顺流畅,用符合现代汉语的语法习惯来表达,使译文清晰明了。
“雅”就是优美自然,尽量使译文生动、形象。
(二)翻译方法1.对译法:逐字逐句对应翻译。
示例:“吾日三省吾身”,翻译为“我每天多次反省自己”。
2.替换法:用现代词汇替换古代词汇。
示例:“走”在古文中常表示“跑”,“两股战战,几欲先走”中的“走”应翻译为“跑”。
3.调整法:调整语序,使其符合现代汉语表达习惯。
示例:“何陋之有”,宾语前置,应翻译为“有什么简陋的呢”。
4.保留法:保留人名、地名、官名、年号等专有名词。
示例:“庆历四年春,滕子京谪守巴陵郡”,保留“庆历四年”“滕子京”“巴陵郡”。
三、方法点拨1.年号、人名、地名、官名、物名、书名、国名等专有名词保留原样,不用翻译。
例如:“庆历(年号)四年春,滕子京(人名)谪守巴陵郡(地名)”。
可把这个句子译为:庆历四年的春天,滕子京被贬了官,做了巴陵郡的太守2.句子中没有实际意义的词语应删去。
例如:“陈胜者,阳城人也”。
“者……也”表判断,无义,应删去。
可把这个句子译为:陈胜是阳城人。
“沛公之参乘樊哙者也”——沛公的侍卫樊哙。
“者也”是语尾助词,不译3.文言文中有些特殊句式(如主谓倒装、宾语前置、状语后置等倒装句)和现代汉语的语序不一样,翻译时要作适当的调整。
例如:“甚矣,汝之不惠(主谓倒装)!”可把这个句子译为:你的不聪明也太严重了。
4.所翻译的句子若是省略句,则要把省略了的成份增补出来。
补出省略的成分或语句,要加括号。
例如:“乃丹书帛曰‘陈胜王’(省略主语)。
”可把这个句子译为:他们(主语)就用朱砂在绸子上写上‘陈胜王’三个字。
四、例题解析(一)卓茂让马卓茂字子康,南阳宛人也。
尝出门,有人认其马。
茂问之曰:“子亡①马几何时?”对曰:“月余日矣。
翻译考试题库及答案一、单选题(每题2分,共20分)1. 翻译中“直译”和“意译”的主要区别在于:A. 直译更注重原文的字面意思,意译更注重原文的深层含义B. 直译更注重原文的深层含义,意译更注重原文的字面意思C. 直译和意译没有区别,都是翻译方法D. 直译和意译是同一种翻译方法的不同称呼答案:A2. 在翻译过程中,遇到文化差异导致的障碍时,应采取的策略是:A. 直接忽略文化差异,按照原文直译B. 完全按照目标语言的文化习惯进行调整C. 寻找文化共性,进行适当的文化适应D. 保持原文不变,让读者自行理解答案:C3. 翻译中的“忠实性”原则指的是:A. 忠实于原文的字面意思B. 忠实于原文的风格和语气C. 忠实于原文的内容和形式D. 忠实于原文的作者意图答案:C4. 下列哪个选项不是翻译中的常见问题?A. 语言障碍B. 文化差异C. 技术限制D. 信息过载答案:D5. 翻译中“等效性”原则主要强调的是:A. 译文与原文在形式上的相似性B. 译文与原文在内容上的相似性C. 译文与原文在效果上的相似性D. 译文与原文在风格上的相似性答案:C6. 在翻译中,如何处理专业术语?A. 直接使用原文中的专业术语B. 根据目标语言的习惯进行适当调整C. 忽略专业术语,使用通用词汇替代D. 创造新的词汇来描述专业术语答案:B7. 翻译中的“动态对等”理论是由哪位学者提出的?A. 尤金·奈达B. 彼得·纽马克C. 约翰·卡特福德D. 莱昂纳多·达·芬奇答案:A8. 在翻译中,如何处理原文中的双关语?A. 直接忽略B. 寻找目标语言中的对应双关语C. 保持原文不变,让读者自行理解D. 用注释的方式解释双关语的含义答案:B9. 翻译中的“功能对等”理论主要强调的是:A. 译文与原文在形式上的对等B. 译文与原文在功能上的对等C. 译文与原文在内容上的对等D. 译文与原文在风格上的对等答案:B10. 在翻译中,如何处理原文中的隐喻?A. 直接翻译成目标语言的字面意思B. 寻找目标语言中的对应隐喻C. 保持原文不变,让读者自行理解D. 用注释的方式解释隐喻的含义答案:B二、多选题(每题3分,共15分)11. 翻译中可能涉及的领域包括:A. 文学翻译B. 法律翻译C. 科技翻译D. 旅游翻译E. 以上都是答案:E12. 翻译中常见的错误类型包括:A. 语法错误B. 词汇错误C. 逻辑错误D. 风格错误E. 以上都是答案:E13. 翻译中常用的技巧包括:A. 增译B. 减译D. 直译E. 以上都是答案:E14. 翻译中可能遇到的挑战包括:A. 语言差异B. 文化差异C. 技术限制D. 个人偏好E. 以上都是答案:E15. 翻译中常用的工具包括:A. 词典B. 翻译软件D. 专业术语库E. 以上都是答案:E三、判断题(每题1分,共10分)16. 翻译是一种语言活动,与文化无关。
Translation Exercises:(增词法)1。
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses。
核辐射这种现象多少有点神秘,其部分原因是人类器官无法觉察到它的存在。
2. Some motions appear to be very simple; others very complicated。
有些运动看起来很简单,有些运动看起来则很复杂。
3. Which do you like better: grammar or translation exercises?你喜欢语法练习,还是翻译练习?4。
They include silks and colored thread.它们包括各种丝绸和彩线。
5。
In spite of difficulties, he succeeded in finishing his task。
尽管困难重重,他成功地完成了任务.6。
The middle-aged teacher carried on teaching work in spite of the diseases。
尽管那位中年教师身患种种疾病,他仍坚持进行教学工作。
7. In America, motorcar factories were closing down in early 1961。
1961年初,美国的汽车工厂纷纷倒闭。
8。
Day after day he came to his work---sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning。
他每天来干活——-扫地,擦地板,收拾房间.9。
I could knit when I was seven。
我七岁时就会织毛衣。
10。
Her bravery surprised all。
文字增益法-翻译练习
练习题一
一、试译下列各句,注意在斜体名词前后增加动词:
1.We talked for almost six hours, through dinner and well into the night.
2.My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time.
二、试译下列各句,注意在斜体名词前增加形容词:
1.“ This is grasping at straws, I know, ” said the helpless man.
2.With the meeting to begin in just a couple of hours, I hadn’t the time to worry about such
trifles.
三、试译下列各句,注意在斜体动词前增加副词:
1.Now and then his boots shone.
2. A seagull saw the light from my window and darted up to it.
3.They lingered long over his letter.
4.He turned a chair around and straddled it, resting his chin on the back.
四、试译下列各句,注意在斜体不及物动词后增加名词:
1.He began to see things and to understand.
2.He ate and drank, for he was exhausted.
3.The invading troops looted and raped wherever they went.
五、试译下列各句,注意在斜体形容词前增加名词:
1.He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.
2.Stephen came out of the hot mill into the damp wind and cold wet streets, haggard and
worn.
六、试译下列各句,注意在斜体名词前增加表复数的词:
1.Very acute problems exist among them.
2.They drove in a black limousine, past groves of birch trees and endless rows of identical
new buildings.
七、试译下列各句,注意斜体动词需要增加表时间的词:
1.I knew it quite well as I know it now.
2.They had always been able to control things. Now control was getting away from all of
them.
八、试译下列各句,注意在斜体数词后增加量词:
1.This too was a complete lie.
2.You might just take a look at my coat before this afternoon. See if it wants pressing.
九、试译下列各句,注意斜体部分需要增加适当的语气助词:
1. “All that made this Christmas Day was my knowing it was .”
3.The little boy had brought with him knife, scissors and what not, tinkling in his pocket.
练习题二
一、试译下列各句,注意增加适当的词:
1.“How shall I do it ?”—“Just as you wish. ”
2.Sometimes their faces froze , sometimes their feet and their hands.
3.Either you do it, or we will get somebody who will.
4.They show skill in their sneak attacks and ferocity when cornered.
二、试译下列各句,通过增词来表示原文中的含蓄条件句:
1.Any leak, even at this late date, could have tremendous international repercussions.
2.They would not have done such a thing without government approval.
3.The bridge was painted a dull green color. Under any other circumstances I probably
would have found it ugly.
三、试译下列各句,通过增词来表示斜体的do (dose, did)所代替的意义:
1.He did not really represent their opinions to the higher-ups, although he claimed he did.
2.The guard inside the prison had no guns. But those in the towers did.
四、试译下列各句,通过增词使斜体的抽象名词具体化:
1.His arrogance made everyone dislike him.
2.There had been an ease of international tension.
3.Preparations for the conference had been plagued by many problems.
五、试译下列各句,注意在必要处增加概括词:
1.They talked about inflation, unemployment and environmental pollution.
2.Thus he grew in body and soul.
六、试译下列各句,注意增加承上启下的词:
1.He stepped to the platform and paused: a little dingy station, a small crowd of travelers.
2.Border formalities, the French officials were polite and efficient, the Nazi authorities
aloof and superior.
练习题三
1.从《高级英语》第一册中找出至少2个含有文字增益法翻译方法的例句,标明出处,并简要说明增益法的种类。
2.在课后的50个翻译练习题中找出至少2个使用不同类型的增益翻译方法的句子,在汉语翻译中下划线划出增益部分,并简要说明增益的类型。
例如:
英语:She was small and slight, pale, but very beautiful.
汉语翻译:她身量瘦小,面色苍白,但模样倒很漂亮。
(说明:形容词前增补名词)。