2019年地理词汇英语翻译(L开头)-文档资料

地理专业词汇英语翻译(S)saddle 鞍safe yield 安全出水率safety 安全safety copy 第二底图safety zone 安全地带sagebrush desert 蒿属荒漠salic horizon 积盐层salification 积盐saline alkali soil 盐碱土saline deposit 盐分沉淀物saline land 盐地saline meadow 盐化草甸saline soil 盐土saline spring 盐泉saline water 咸水salinity 盐度salinization 盐化salivation 唾液分泌salmonellosis 沙门氏菌病salorthid 盐磐旱成土salt and halite deposit 盐和石盐矿床salt balance 盐分平衡salt content 盐度salt crust 盐结皮salt desert 盐土荒漠salt dome 盐丘salt index 盐分指标salt lake 盐湖salt marsh 盐水沼泽salt pan 盐盘salt resistance 抗盐性salt secretion 盐分泌salt sensitiveness 盐分敏感性salt steppe 盐渍草原salt tolerance 耐盐度salt weathering 盐风化salting out effect 盐析效应saltwater 盐水saltwort 钾猪毛菜salty soils 盐化土壤salvage 废弃物samarium 钐sample 样品sample area 标地sample interval 取样间隔sample region 样区sampler 采样器sampling 采样sampling method 抽样法sampling theorem 取样定理sanatorium 疗养院sand 沙sand bath 砂浴sand dune 沙丘sand grains 砂粒sand hill 砂丘sand ridges 沙脊sand storm 沙暴sand wave 砂波sand whirl 沙旋风sandbergerite 锌铜矿sandstone 砂岩sandstone soil 砂岩土sandy clay 砂质粘土sandy clay loam 砂质粘壤土sandy desert 纯沙沙漠sandy desert soils 砂质漠境土sandy loam 砂壤sandy muck 砂质腐泥土sandy soil 砂土sangpaltonite 上八洞石sanidine 透长石sanson flamsteed projection 桑森弗兰斯蒂投影法sanson projection 桑森弗兰斯蒂投影法sap 汁液sap fruit 多汁果saponite 皂石sapphire 蓝宝石sapping 基蚀saprist 高分解有机土saprodontia 龋齿sapropel 腐泥sapropelic coal 腐泥煤sapropelite 腐泥岩saprophagous animals 食腐动物saprophagous organisms 腐生生物saprophyte 腐生植物saprophytism 腐生satellite 卫星satellite cloud image 卫星云图satellite coverage 卫星覆盖范围satellite derived sea surface temperature 卫星海面温度satellite geodesy 卫星大地测量学satellite hydrology 卫星水文学satellite meteorology 卫星气象学satellite oceanology 卫星海洋学satellite operation control center 卫星运行控制中心satellite photogrammetry 卫星摄影测量satellite photography 卫星摄影satellite remote sensing 卫星遥感satellite sounding 卫星探测satellite town 卫星城镇satellite wind 卫星风saturated adiabatic lapse rate 饱和绝热递减率saturated air 饱和空气saturated mineral 饱和矿物saturated rock 饱和岩石saturated soil paste 饱和土浆saturated solution 饱和溶液saturation 饱和saturation deficiency 饱和差saturation extract 饱和浸提液saturation index 饱和指数saturation magnetization 饱和磁化saturation percentage 饱和百分率saturation point 饱和点saturnigraphy 土星表面学sausage structure 香肠构造savanna 稀噬草原savanna forest 稀瘦原林save image 保存图象saxoul 梭梭scabies 疥疮scalar 标量scalar quantity 标量scale 鳞scale accuracy 比例尺精度scale calculated from a map 求得比例尺scale conversion 比例尺改变scale denominator 比例尺分母scale determination 比例尺确定scale division 缩尺分划scale error 尺度误差scale model 缩尺模型scale of seismic intensities 地震烈度表scale of survey 测图比例尺scale preservation 比例尺不变性scale structure 鳞片结构scaling factor 比例系数scaly structure 鳞片状结构scan digitizer 扫描数字化仪scan image 扫描影象scan plotter 扫描绘图机scan resolution 扫描分辨率scandium 钪scanner 扫描仪scanner aerial image 扫描航空图象scanner distorsion 扫描图像失真scanning device 扫描装置scanning field 扫描场scanning line 扫描线scanning method 扫描法scanning microwave radiometer 扫描微波辐射计scanning microwave spectrometer 扫描微波频谱仪scanning point 扫描光点scanning sonar 扫描声呐scanning speed 扫描速度scapolite 方柱石scarrys 岩岛群scatterd radiation 散射辐射scattered light 散射光scattering 散射scattering matrix 散布矩阵scavenger 食腐动物scawtite 碳硅钙石scheelite 白钨矿schematic map 草图schematic profile 示意剖面scheme 略图schist 结晶片岩schist forming process 片理schistose structure 层状结构schistosity 片理schistosomiasis 血吸虫病schistosomiasis japonica 日本血吸虫病school cartography 教学地图制图学school map 教学地图schorlite 黑电气石schungite 次石墨science of disaster 灾害学science of sciences 科学学scientific information 科学情报scintillation 闪烁scintillation counter 闪烁计数器scintillation detector 闪烁检测器scintillator 闪烁体sciophyte 阴地植物scirocco 五可风scismic zone 地震带sclerophyte 硬叶植物scleroscope 硬度计sclerotinite 菌核体scoria 熔岩渣滓scoria cone 火山渣锥scoria tuff 滓状凝灰岩scour 洗刷scouring sand 漂洗砂scraper 刮刀scratching hardness 擦硬度scree 岩屑堆screen 网屏screen analysis 筛析screen angle 网目角度screen density 网线数screen gear 网屏齿轮screen image 屏像screen plate 网目版screened area 加网区screened negative 加网阴图片screened positive 加网阳片screening 加网scribe coating 刻图膜scribe key 刻绘底图scribing 刻图scribing instruments 刻图工具scrub 低矮丛林scud 碎云sculpture 纹饰sculptured relief 刻蚀地形sea breeze 海风sea cave 海蚀洞sea cliff 海崖sea clutter echo 海面干扰回波sea current 海流sea floor 海底sea floor spreading theory 海底扩张说sea hemisphere 海半球sea ice 海冰sea level 海平面sea level change 海面变动sea level line 海面线sea level pressure 海平面气压sea mile 海里sea mounts 海底山sea salt 海盐sea surface 海面sea surface current 表层海流sea surface roughness 海面粗糙度sea surface wind 海面风sea terraces 海成阶地sea urchins 海胆类sea water 海水sea water color 海水颜色sea water encroachment 海水倒灌sea wind 向岸风seam 层seaport 海港seaquake 海震season 季节seasonal aspect 季相seasonal dynamics 季节性动态seasonal form 季节型seasonal lake 季节湖seasonal migration 季节性迁移seasonal periodicity 季节周期seasonal variation 季节变异seasonal vicariad 季节性代替种seasonally frozen ground 季节性冻土seaweeds 海藻secant 割线secchi disc 透萌板seclusion 闭塞secondary alkalinity 次生碱度secondary anomaly 次生异常secondary clay 次生粘土secondary community 次生群落secondary concretion 次生结核secondary cyclone 副气旋secondary deposit 次生矿床secondary depression 副低压secondary dispersion halos 次生分散晕secondary enrichment 次生富集secondary enrichment zone 二次富集带secondary environment 次生环境secondary fold 小褶曲secondary forest 次生林secondary geochemical anomaly 次生地球化学异常secondary minerals 次生矿物secondary ore 次生矿secondary rainbow 副虹secondary standard 二次标淮secondary structure 次生构造secondary succession 次生演替secondary wave 次波secretion 分泌secretory nerve 分泌神经section 部分sectorized picture 分区图secular equilibrium 久期平衡secular movements of the earth's crust 长期地壳运动secular subsidence 缓慢沉陷secular upheaval 缓慢隆起secular variation 长期变化sedge 苔草sedge grass spruce forest 苔草禾本云杉林sedge meadow 莎草草甸sediment 沉积sediment discharge 输沙量sediment discharge measurement 输沙量测定sedimentary complex 沉积杂层sedimentary cycle 沉积旋回sedimentary deposit 沉积矿床sedimentary facies 沉积相sedimentary layer of the earth's crust 地壳沉积层sedimentary mantle 沉积盖层sedimentary peat 沉积泥炭sedimentary petrography 沉积岩石学sedimentary petrology 沉积岩石学sedimentary placer deposit 沉积砂矿床sedimentary rhythm 沉积岩韵律sedimentary rock 沉积岩sedimentation 沉积酌sedimentation analysis 沉降分析sedimentation equilibrium 沉积平衡sedimentation rate 沉淀速度sedimento eustatism 积沉性海面升降运动sedimentology 沉积学sedimentophilous elements 亲沉积元素sedimetary geochemistry 况积物地球化学sedimetary ore deposit 沉积矿床seed 种子seed bed 苗床seed plant 种子植物seed year 结实年seeding 幼苗seeding felling 下种伐seeding time 播种期seepage 渗透seepage anomaly 渗出异常seepage line 浸润线seepage loss 渗出损失segment 节segment of a globe 地球仪分段segmentation 分段segregated ice 离析冰segregation 分泌seiches 湖面波动seism 地震seismic focus 震源seismic intensity 烈度seismic intensity scale 地震强度分级seismic map 地震图seismic oscillation 地震动seismic plane 地震面seismic prospecting 地震勘探seismic ray 地震波射线seismic waves 地震波seismic zoning 地震区划seismicity 地震活动seismogeography 地震地理学seismogramm 地震图seismograph 地震仪seismology 地震学seismometer 地震仪seismometry 地震测量seismoscope 地震仪seismotectonic map 地震构造图seismotectonics 地震构造学seladonite 绿鳞石selection 选择selective absorption 选择吸收selective cutting 选择砍伐selective erosion 选择侵蚀selective migration 选择迁移selective revision 部分修测selective weathering 选择风化selectivity 选择性selenium 硒selenium pollution 硒污染self cleaning capacity 自净能力self excitation 自激self mulching 自幂self organization 自组织self organizing system 自组织系统self pollination 自花传粉self potential 自然电位self regulation 自动第self thinning 自己疏伐selfing 自体受精selvage clay 脉壁泥semeline 榍石semi deciduous rain forest 潮湿半落叶热带林semianthracite 半无烟煤semiarid climate 半干旱气候semiarid soil 半干旱土壤semiconductor thermometer 半导体温度表semidesert 半荒漠semidiurnal tide 半日潮semidiurnal wave 半日波semimature soil 半熟土semimetal 半金属seminatural vegetation 半自然植被semiobservation 半测回semipolar bond 半极性键semiprecious stone 半宝石senility 老年期sense of smell 嗅觉sense organ 感觉瀑sensible heat 可感热sensitivity 感光度sensitivity of a measuring instrument 计测仪崎敏度sensitivity ratio 敏感比sensitivity time correction 灵敏度时间校正sensitometer 感光计sensitometric characteristic curve 感光特性曲线sensitometry 感光度测定sensor 感受器sensory area 感觉区separation 分选separation energy 分离能separation of isotopes 同位素分离separator 分选机sepiolite 海泡石sepsis 败血症septic poison 腐败毒septicemia 败血症septum 隔膜sequence 次序sequence of crystallization 结晶顺序sequence photography 连续摄影sequential form 后继地形sequential operation 顺序操作sequential sampling 序贯抽样serclimax 演替系列顶极serial scan 串联扫描sericite 绢云母sericite schist 绢云片岩sericitization 绢云化sericulture 蚕业series 系列series of scales 缩尺系列series parallel scan 串并联扫描serotherapy 血清疗法serpentine 蛇纹石serum 血清serum albumin 血清白蛋白serum sickness 血清病sesquioxide 倍半氧化物sessile animals 固着动物seston 悬浮物set 集合set of maps 地图组seta 刚毛setting 浓缩settlement place 居民地settling 沉陷settling basin 沉沙地settling velocity 沉降速度severe storm 暴风sewage 废水sewage treatment 污水处理sex hormone 性激素sexadecimal number system 十六进制记数制sextant 六分仪sexual generation 有性世代sexual reproduction 有性生殖shade bearing tree 阴性枢shade enduring plant 耐荫性植物shade leaf 阴叶shade plant 阴地植物shade tolerance 耐荫性shade tree 绿荫树shading 遮蔽shadow 阴影shadow zone 盲区shaft 竖坑shale 板岩shale soil 页岩土shallow focus earthquake 浅源地震shallow ploughing 浅耕shallow root 浅根shallow sea deposit 浅海沉积shallow water 浅水区shallow well 浅井shape 形状sharp crested weir 锐顶堰sharp marginal definition 边缘清晰度sharpening 锐化sharpness 敏锐sharpness of a line 线划光洁度shear clevage 剪劈理shear fault 剪断断层shear folding 剪褶皱shear fracture 剪断裂shear joint 剪节理shear strength 抗剪强度shear wave 切变波shear zone 剪碎带shearing force 剪切力shearing stress 切应力sheet assembly 镶嵌sheet assembly using positive materials 正片镶嵌sheet corner values 图廓点坐标值sheet erosion 片蚀sheet flood 表流sheet flow 薄层地表水流sheet format 图幅尺寸sheet index 她图sheet layout 图廓整饰样图sheet line system 地图分幅sheet margin 图边sheet memoir 地图说明sheet numbering system 地图分幅编号sheet pile 板桩sheet structure 片状结构shelf 陆架shelf channel 陆架谷shelf ice 陆架冰shelf sea 陆架海shell 贝壳shell bank 贝壳堤shell mound 贝冢shell zone 壳状区shelter 隐避处shelter belts 护田林带shiandra 五味子shield 地盾shield dunes 盾状沙丘shield volcano 盾状火山shifting sand 飞砂shifting snow 高吹雪shingle 扁砾石shingle block structure 叠瓦构造shipboard sonar 舰艇声纳shipping line map 水路交通图shoal 浅滩shoalbank 砂洲shock 禾束堆shoot 萌蘖shooting 摄影shooting flow 急流shore 海滨shore deposits 海滨沉积物shore ice 滨冰shore line 海岸线shore line of emergence 上升滨线shore line of equilibrium 平衡海岸线shore line of submergence 下沉滨线shore sonar 海岸声呐shore type 岸边式shore wind 岸风shoreface terrace 滨前沉积阶地shoreline change 海岸线变化short day plant 短日照罪short flame coal 短焰煤short grass meadow 矮草草甸short grasses 短草short period forecast 短期预报short wave radiation 短波辐射shoshonite 正边粗玄岩shot 丸状结构shot structure 丸状结构shoulder of trough valley 槽谷肩showery rain 阵雨shrinkage cracks 干缩裂缝shrinkage limit 收缩限度shrinkage limit of soil 土壤收缩限shrinkage of clay 粘土的收缩酌shrinkage water 收缩水shrub 灌丛热带稀噬草原;灌木shrub invasion 灌木侵入shrub steppe 灌丛干草原shutter 快门shutter disc 快门片shutter efficiency 快门效率shutter speed 快门速度sial 硅铝层siallitization 硅铝化酌sialsphere 硅铝层siberian dwarf pine 偃松siberite 紫电气石side 面side chain 侧链side condition 边条件side length 边长side looking sonar 侧视声纳side mark 边规side view 侧视图side wall 井壁sidereal day 恒星日sidereal time 恒星时sidereal year 恒星年siderite 菱铁矿siderolite 石铁陨石sideronatrite 纤钠铁矾siderophile elements 亲铁元素sierozem 灰钙土sieve 筛子sieve analysis 筛析sieve mesh 筛孔sieve opening 筛孔sieve residue 筛渣sight axis 视准轴sight line 视准线sighting 照准sighting device 照准装置sighting mark 照准标sighting plane 照准面sighting point 照准点sightseeing district 旅游地sightseeing place 旅游地sightseeing resource 旅游资源sign 标志signal 信号signal anemometer 信号风速计signal center 通信枢纽signal to noise ratio 信噪比signalized point 标志点significanc level 显著性水平significance test 显著性检验significant slope 有效波陡significant wave height 有效波高silica alumina ratio 硅铝率silica sand 硅砂silica sesquioxide ratio 硅铝铁率silicate 硅酸盐silicatization process 硅化过程siliceous concretion 硅质结核siliceous rocks 硅质岩类siliceous sediments 硅质沉积siliceous shale 硅质页岩siliceous sinter 硅华siliceous slag 硅土矿渣siliceous soil 硅质土壤silicic acid 硅酸silicification 硅化silicified wood 硅化木silicon 硅silicosis 硅肺silk screen printing 丝网印刷silky lustre 绢丝光泽sillimanite 硅线石silt 粉砂silt agglomeration 粉粒聚积silt load 混浊度silt loam 粉砂壤土silt sampler 泥沙取样器silting 泥泞siltstone 粉砂岩silty clay 粉砂粘土silty clay loam 粉砂粘壤土silver 银silver deposit 银矿床silviculture 森林学simasphere 硅镁岩similarity 相似性similarity coefficient 相似系数similarity distance 相似性距离similarity level 相似性水平similigley 假潜育simoon 紊风simple conic projection 普通圆锥投影simple folding 简单褶皱simple lattice 单晶simple map 素图simple volcano 单火山simulation 模拟实验simulation method 模拟法simulation technique 模拟法siner bar 冲魂杆single bond 单键single color printing 单色印刷single grain structure 单粒结构single map 单张地图sinian period 震旦纪sink hole 灰岩坑sink lake 落水洞湖sinter 泉华sinter cone 泉华丘sintering 烧结sinuosity 弯曲sinuosity of river 水龙折sinusoidal projection 正弦曲线投影siphon barometer 虹吸气压表sismondinite 镁硬绿泥片岩site 生境site class 级site quality 地位质量situation plan 平面布置图size 尺寸size composition 颗粒组成size cumulative curve 粒度分布曲线size frequency curve 颗粒分布粒径曲线size grade of soil 土壤粒径度size of grain 颗粒大小sizing 筛分sizing analysis 粒度分析skarn 矽卡岩skeleton 骨格skeleton soil 粗骨土sketch 草图sketch map 地图草图skew angle 倾斜角skewer 标杆skin temperature 表层温度sklodowskite 硅镁铀矿slack water 憩流憩潮slag 矿渣slag formation 造渣slate 板岩slaty clay 片岩状粘土sleet 雨夹雪slick 油膜slickenside 断层擦痕;滑面slide 载玻片slide rule 计算尺sliding 滑动sliding erosion 滑塌侵蚀sliding surface 滑面slight alkalinity 微碱性slime 稀泥slime fungi 粘液菌slime water 泥浆水slimy gley soil 淤泥潜育土slip cleavage 滑劈理slip fault 滑断层slip off slope 滑走坡slope 坡slope bog 斜面沼泽slope deposit 坡地沉积slope diagram 坡度尺slope erosion 坡地侵蚀slope processes 斜坡过程sludge acid 淤渣酸slumping 坍塌slush 软冰small circle 小圆small flag 信号旗small flat bottom valley 平谷small hail 小雹small leaved forest 小叶林small scale map 小比例尺地图small scale map series 小比例尺地图系列small town 集镇small trench 小沟smallest size to scale 比例尺最小值smectite 蒙脱石smithsonite 菱锌矿smog 烟雾smoke 尘云smonitza 黑油土smooth features 柔性smooth fracture 平滑断口smooth profile 光滑剖面smoothed curve 平滑曲线smut 黑粉病snake venom 蛇毒snow 雪snow bank 雪堆snow bridge 雪桥snow cover 积雪snow crystals 雪晶snow density 积雪密度;雪的密度snow depth 雪深snow drift 吹雪snow grains 雪粒snow line 雪线snow map 雪图snow melt 融雪snow melt water 融雪水snow pellets 霰snow protection plantation 防雪林snow sampler 积雪采样器snow shower 阵雪snow stage 雪尺snow storm 雪暴snow survey 测雪snow water 融雪水snow wreath 风积雪堆snowbreak 雪折snowfall 降雪量snowfield 雪原snowflake 雪花snowmelt 融雪水snowmelt runoff 融雪径流snowmelt runoff forecast 融雪径沥报snowpatch 雪区snowstorm 雪暴soaked soil 潜育土soap spent lye 皂液sociation 基群丛sod 草皮soda feldspar 钠长石soda rhyolite 钠疗岩soda trachyte 钠性粗面岩soddy karst 覆盖喀斯特soddy podzolic soil 生草灰化土sodic soil 钠质土sodium 钠sodium adsorption ratio 钠吸附率sodium selenite 亚硒酸钠sodium soil 钠质土soft ground 软土地面soft negative 软底片soft rime 雾淞soft target 软目标soft water 软水soggendalite 多辉粗玄岩soil 土壤soil abundance 土壤丰富soil acidity 土壤酸度soil aeration 土壤通气性soil aggregate 土壤团聚体soil air 土壤空气soil alkalinity 土壤碱度soil analysis 土壤分析soil animal 土壤动物soil association 土壤组合soil atmosphere 土壤空气soil auger 土钻soil bacteria 土壤细菌soil bacteriology 土壤细菌学soil binding nature 土壤的凝聚性soil biochemistry 土壤生物化学soil biology 土壤生物学soil borer 土钻soil capillarity 土壤毛管性soil characteristics 土壤特性soil chemism 土壤的化学酌soil chemistry 土壤化学soil class 土纲soil classifcation 土壤分类soil climate 土壤气候soil climate relationship 土壤气候相关性soil climatology 土壤气候学soil colloid 土壤胶体soil color 土色soil complex 土壤复体soil compression 土壤压实soil conditioner 土壤改良剂soil conditioning 土壤改良soil conditions 土壤条件soil conservation 土壤保持soil conservation measures 土壤保持措施soil consistency 土壤结持度soil constituent 土壤成分soil constitution 土壤组织soil corrosion 土壤溶蚀soil covering 土壤覆盖soil creep 土层蠕动soil cultivation 土壤耕作soil degradation 土壤退化soil density 土壤密度soil denudation 土壤侵蚀soil desinfection 土壤消毒soil development 土壤发育soil disinfectant 土壤消毒剂soil dispersion 土壤分散soil draining 土壤排水soil dressing 撒布肥土soil dynamics 土壤动力学soil erosion map 土壤侵蚀图soil evaporation 土壤蒸发soil evolution 土壤演变soil exhaustion 土壤耗竭soil exploration 土壤甸soil extract 土壤浸出物soil factor 土壤因素soil family 土科soil fauna 土壤动物区系soil fertility 土壤肥力soil flora 土壤植物区系soil formation 成土过程soil forming factor 土壤形成因素soil forming processes 土壤形成过程soil freezing 土壤冻结soil genesis 土壤发生soil geography 土壤地理学soil goechemistry 土壤地球化学soil heterogeneity 土壤差异性soil horizon 土层soil identification program 土质识别程序soil improvement 改进soil in situ 原生土soil index 土壤指数soil ingineering 土工学soil inoculation 土壤接种soil investigation 土壤甸soil judging 土壤评价soil layer 土层soil management 土壤管理soil mantle 土被soil map 土壤图soil mapping 土壤绘图soil maturity 土壤成熟度soil mechanics 土质力学soil microbes 土壤微生物soil microbiology 土壤微生物学soil microflora 土壤微生物区系soil micromorphology 微土壤学soil microorganism 土壤微生物soil mineral 土壤矿物soil moisture 土壤湿度soil moisture constant 土壤含水量常数soil moisture content 土壤水分soil moisture regime 土壤湿润状态soil moisture tension 土壤水分张力soil monolith 土壤整段标本soil mosaic 土壤镶嵌soil organism 土壤生物soil paludification 土壤沼泽化soil particles 土粒soil permeability 土壤渗透性soil physics 土壤物理学soil pollution 土壤污染soil porosity 土壤孔隙度soil productivity 土壤生产力soil profile 土壤剖面soil property 土壤性质soil protective cover 土壤保护覆盖层soil reaction 土壤反应soil region 土壤区soil regionalization 土壤区划soil respiration 土壤呼吸soil sample 土样soil sampler 土壤取样器采样土钻soil science 土壤学soil self purification 土壤自净酌soil series 土系列soil sieve 土壤筛soil skeleton 土壤骨soil slide 土层崩塌soil solution 土壤溶液soil species 土种soil stabilizer 土壤稳定剂soil sterilization 土壤灭菌soil stratification 土壤层序soil stratigraphy 土壤地层学soil stratum 土层soil structure 土壤结构soil survey 土壤甸soil swamping 沼泽化soil taxonomy 土壤分类学soil temperature 土壤温度soil test 土壤试验soil testing 土壤甸soil texture 土壤质地soil thermometer 土壤温度计soil type 土类soil type map 土壤类型图soil use classification 土壤利用分类soil variety 土壤变种soil water 土壤水soil water zone 土壤水带sol 溶胶solar activity 太阳活动solar constant 太阳常数solar corona 日华solar day 太阳日solar eclipse 日蚀solar energy 太阳能solar halo 日晕solar radiation 太阳辐射solar salt 太阳盐solar spectrum 太阳光谱solar system 太阳系solar tide 太阳潮solar time 太阳时solenoid 力管solfatara 硫气孔solid colloid 固态胶体solid color 普染色solid matter 固态物质solid rainfall 固态降水solid solution 固溶体solifluction 土流solifluction flow 泥流solifluction terrace 土磷地solod 脱碱土solodic planosols 脱碱化粘磐土solodization 脱碱化solodized solonetz 脱碱化碱土solonchak 盐土solonchaks 盐土solonetz 碱土solonetzic soil 碱化土壤solonetzization 碱化solstice 至点solubility 溶度solubility coefficient 溶解系数solubility curve 溶解度曲线solubility parameter 溶度参数solubility product 溶度积soluble silica 可溶性硅石soluble sodium percentage 可溶性钠百分率solum 土层solute 溶质solute runoff 溶质径流solution 溶液solution heat 溶解热solvation 溶剂化solvent 溶媒solvent effect 溶剂效应solvolysis 液解somatotropic hormone 生长激素sombric horizon 暗黑色层somma 外轮山sonar 声呐sonic prospecting 声波勘探sonobuoy 声呐浮标sorption 吸着sorting 分选酌sorting coefficient 粒度分配系数sounding 测深sounding balloon 探测气球sounding machine 测深仪sounding rocket 探空火箭sounding rod 测深杆sour humus 酸性腐殖质source 源头source map 资料图source of runoff 径链源source of sediments 沉积源地source region 源地source rock 源岩south african low 南非气旋;南非底压south atlantic high 南大误反气旋;南大误高压south east trade wind 东南信风south indian anticyclone 南印度洋反气旋south pacific high 南太平洋反气旋south point 南点south pole 南极south temperatue zone 南温带southeast trades 东南信风southerly exposure 向阳面山坡southern hemisphere 南半球southern slope 向阳面southwest monsoon 蜗季风sowing machine 播种机sowing time 播种期soybean 大豆space 宇宙space biochemistry 宇宙生化学space cartography 宇宙制图学space coordinate 空间坐标space environment 太空环境space lattice 空间点阵space mark 空间测标space oblique mercator projection 空间斜墨卡托投影space parallax 空间视差space photogrammetry 太空摄影测量space photography 太空摄影space reconnaissance 太空侦察space remote sensing 空间遥感space resources 太空资源space survey 宇宙测绘space tug 轨道间飞船spacecraft 太空飞行器spacelab 航天试验室spadix 肉穗花序spallation product 散裂产物spatial aerotriagulation 空中三角测量spatial frequency 空间频率spatial frequency spectrum 空间频谱spatial information 空间信息spatial resolution 空间分辨率spatial spectrum analyzer 空间频谱分析仪spatiography 空间地理学special maps 专用地图special purpose map 专题地图speciation 物种形成species 种species area curve 种面积曲线species composition 种组成species ecology 种生态学species specificity 种特异性specific gravity 比重specific heat 比热specific heat of water 水的比热specific humidity 比湿specific ionization 比电离specific reaction 特殊反应specific resistance 比阻力specific surface 比面积specific surface of soil 土壤比表面specific volume 比容积specific water retention 保留比specific weight 比重specific weight of soil 土壤比重specific yield 单位出水量specification of colors 色彩制定specificity of enzymes 酶的专性specimen 试样specimen sheet 样图speckle 光斑spectral analysis 光谱分析spectral band 光谱带spectral characteristic 波谱特性spectral characteristic curve 光谱特怔线spectral color 光谱颜色spectral distribution 谱分布spectral hygrometer 光谱湿度计spectral image generalization 光谱图像综合spectral line 光谱线spectral reflectance of arboreal species 乔木手的光谱反射率spectral reflective characteristic of green plant 绿色植物的反射光谱特性spectral resolution 光谱分辨率spectral sensitivity 光谱感光度spectral sensitization 光谱增感spectral series 光谱系spectrazonal aerial photography 多谱段航空照相spectrazonal system 多波段光谱系统spectrochemical analysis 光谱化学分析spectrogram 光谱图spectrograph 摄谱仪spectrometer 分光计spectrophotometer 分光光度计spectropolarimeter 分光偏振计spectropyrheliometer 日射光谱仪spectroscope 分光镜spectrum analyzer 频谱分析器spectrum of sparks 闪光光谱speleobiology 洞穴生物学speleology 洞穴学spent acid 废酸spermatophyte 种子植物sphagnum 泥炭藓sphagnum bog 水藓沼泽sphagnum cover 水藓类地被sphagnum peat 水藓泥炭sphagnum spruce forest 泥炭藓云松林sphalerite 闪锌矿sphen 榍石sphere 球spherical coordinates 球面坐标spherical excess 球面角超spherical mirror 球面镜spherical surface 球面spheroid 球体spheroid geodesy 球面大地测量学spheroidal coordinates 球面坐标spheroidal jointing 球状节理spheroidal structure 球状结构spheroidal weathering 剥落spiauterite 纤锌矿spice plant 香料植物spike 穗spilite 细碧岩spill 溢出spillway 溢道spilosite 绿点板岩spine title of atlas 地图集背面标题spinel 尖晶石spit 沙嘴spodic andosols 灰化暗色土spodic cambisols 灰化始成土spodic horizon 灰化淀积层spodosol 灰土spoil 废石spoilage 印刷废品sponge 海绵硬朊spongy parenchyma 海绵组织spongy porosity 海绵状孔隙spontaneous generation 自然发生spontaneous ignition 自发着火spontaneous magnetization 自发磁化spontaneous mutation 自发突变spontaneous polarization 自发极化spontaneus fission dating 自然裂变年代测定法sporadic distribution of salinity 斑状盐渍分布sporangium 孢子囊spore 孢子spore and pollen analysis 孢粉分析spore bearing plants 孢子植物spore coat 孢壁sporoblast 成孢子细胞sporophyll 孢子叶sporophyte 孢子体sporulation 孢子形成spot 地点spot analysis 点滴分析spot height 地面点高度spotted slate 斑点板岩spout 龙卷sprayer 喷雾器spread spectrum communication 扩频通信spreading of ocean floor 海底扩张spring 泉spring bog 泉水沼泽spring crop 春播罪spring fen 泉水沼泽spring flood 春汛spring frost 晚霜spring habit 春性spring swamp 泉水沼泽spring tide 大潮spring water 泉水springness 春性sprinkling irrigation 喷灌spruce 云杉spruce forest 云杉林;酢浆草动杉森林spur 短枝spur traverse 支导线sputnik 人造地球卫星squall 阵风squall front 飙线squall line 阵风线squamose structure 鳞片状结构square 正方形square check irrigation 方格灌溉square cylindrical projection 方格投影square grid 方格网square measure 平方尺度stability 稳定性stability of river channel 河道稳定性stabilization 稳定stabilized grain structure 稳定粒状结构stabilizer 稳定器stable channel 稳定河槽stable humus 稳定腐植质stable isotope 稳定同位素stable isotope geochemistry 稳定同位素地球化学stable stratification 稳定层结stack 海蚀柱stadia levelling 视距高程测量stadia rod 视距尺stadia surveying 枧距测量stadimeter 测距仪stadiometer 测距仪staff 标尺staff gage 水尺stage 时期stage of old age 老年期stagnant ice 停滞冰川stagnant water 滞水stagnation 停滞stagnation period 停滞时间stagnoplankton 静水飘浮植物stain 染色剂stalactite 钟乳石stalagmite 石笋stamping tripod 注记压印器stand age class in photo interpretation 龄级组判读stand density 生长密度standard 标准standard atmosphere 标准大气standard atmospheric pressure 标准大气压standard cell 标准电池standard color 标准色standard colour tone 标准色调standard density 标准密度standard depth 标准深度standard deviation 标准差standard isobaric surface 标准等压面standard measure 标准量度standard measuring equipment 标准测量装置standard ocean 标准海洋standard section 标准剖面standard solution 标准溶液standard thermometer 标准温度表standardization 标定standing crop 现存量standing wave 驻波stannine 黄锡矿stannolite 锡石star 恒星star catalogue 星表star chart 星图star pair 星对starfishes 海星类state farm 国营农场state of dormancy 休眠状态state reserve 国家自然保护区static error 静态误差static metamorphism 静力变质static stability 静力稳定性static water level 静水位station 测站station equation 测站方程stationary anticyclone 静止反气旋stationary cyclone 静止气旋stationary front 静止锋stationary random process 平稳随机过程stationary state 定态statistic 统计量statistical band model 统计带模式statistical decision theory 统计决定理论statistical forecast 统计顶报statistical graphic method 统计图法statistical inference 统计推断statistical map 统计地图statistical mask 统计掩模statistical method 统计法statistical quality control 统计法质量管理statistical reliability 统计的可靠性statistical seismology 统计地震学statistical test 统计检验statistical yield estimation 统计估产statoscope 高差仪staurolite 十字石steadiness 稳定性steady flow 稳定流steady motion 定常运动steam fog 蒸发雾steam pressure 蒸汽压力steel tape 钢带尺steep bed 急倾斜层steep coast 陡崖steep fault 陡角断层steep slope 急坡steinheilite 堇青石stellar magnitude 星等级stem 茎stem succulents 肉茎植物stemflow 沿茎水流stenohaline organisms 狭盐性生物stenooxybionts 狭氧性生物stenophagous animals 狭食性动物stenostomia 口狭窄stenothermobionts 狭温生物step fault scarp 阶状断层崖step faults 阶状断层step relief 梯状地形step sonar 步距式声呐steppe 草原。

地理相关英语词汇（1）一、基础词汇1. 地球（Earth）：我们生活的星球，位于太阳系中的第三颗行星。

2. 大陆（Continent）：地球上面积较大的陆地，如亚洲、非洲、北美洲等。

3. 海洋（Ocean）：地球上广阔的盐水区域，如太平洋、大西洋、印度洋等。

4. 国家（Country）：具有独立政治实体和固定领土的区域。

5. 地图（Map）：展示地球表面或某一区域的图形表示。

6. 河流（River）：地表自然水流，通常由源头流向海洋或湖泊。

7. 山脉（Mountain Range）：一系列相连的山峰，如喜马拉雅山脉、阿尔卑斯山脉等。

8. 气候（Climate）：一个地区长期的天气状况和大气现象。

9. 生态系统（Ecosystem）：生物与非生物环境相互作用的一个自然系统。

10. 自然资源（Natural Resources）：自然界中人类可以利用的物质和能量，如水、土地、矿产等。

二、地形地貌词汇1. 高原（Plateau）：相对平坦且海拔较高的地区，如青藏高原。

2. 平原（Plain）：地势低平，起伏较小的地区，如华北平原。

3. 山峰（Mountain）：地形高耸，尖锐或圆形的陆地部分。

4. 峡谷（Canyon）：河流长期侵蚀形成的深而狭窄的地形。

5. 沙漠（Desert）：降水量极少的地区，地表覆盖沙子或石块。

6. 湖泊（Lake）：位于陆地上的淡水或咸水水域，如青海湖、洞庭湖等。

7. 沼泽（Marsh）：土壤水分饱和，生长有特殊植被的地区。

三、地理现象词汇1. 地震（Earthquake）：地球表层快速释放能量，导致地面震动的一种自然现象。

2. 火山爆发（Volcanic Eruption）：地球内部岩浆喷发到地表的现象。

4. 洪水（Flood）：河流、湖泊水位急剧上涨，淹没周边地区的一种自然现象。

5. 干旱（Drought）：长时间无降水或降水量明显减少，导致土壤水分不足的现象。

四、地理学术词汇1. 地理信息系统（GIS）：一种用于捕捉、存储、分析和管理地理空间数据的系统。

growing season 生长期growth 生长growth curve 生长曲线growth factor 生长因子growth information 长势信息growth regulator 生长第物质growth ring 生长轮growth substance 生长物质grubbing 挖除伐根gruenerite 铁闪石guanite 鸟粪石guano 鸟粪guidance 制导guide copy 底图guide elements 旨元素guide fossil 标准化石gulch 冲沟gulf 海湾gully erosion 挖深浸蚀gullying 沟道下切gum tree forest 桉村林gust 阵风gust frequency 阵风频率gustiness 阵性gutenberg discontinuity 古登堡间断面guttation 吐水gymnosperms 裸子植物gypsic horizon 石膏层gypsic xerosols 石膏干旱土gypsic yermosols 石膏漠境土gypsophil 喜石膏植物gypsophilous plants 喜石膏植物gypsophyte 石膏植物gypsum crust 石膏结壳gypsum salt series 石膏盐分系列gypsuming 施用石膏gyre 环流gyro 陀螺仪gyrocompass 回转罗盘gyrostat 回转稳定器gyrotheodolite 陀螺经纬仪gyttja 腐殖泥habit 习惯habitat 生境habitat conditions 生境条件habitat factor 生境因素hachure 晕线hachure method 地貌晕线方法hachured map 晕线图hachures 晕线hachures of a relief feature 地貌晕线hachures of relief by shadow 阴影晕线法hachuring 地貌晕线法hade 伸角hafnium 铪hail 雹hailstone 雹块hailstorm 雹灾hair crack 细裂hair hygrometer 毛发湿度计haircap moss spruce forest 金发藓云杉林hairline 细线hakutoite 白头岩half earth plant 半地中植物half image 半影half life 半减期half sheet 半页图half shrub 半灌木half sphere 半球half tone 半色调half tone block 线划铅版half tone print 半色怠刷half value period 半减期halfbog soil 半沼泽土haliplankton 海水浮游生物halloysite 叙永石halmyrolysis 海底分解halo 光晕halocline 盐跃层halogen rocks 盐类岩石halomorphic soil 盐成土halophile 适盐生物halophilism 嗜盐性halophytes 盐生植物halophytic vegetation 盐生植被haloplankton 咸水浮游生物haloseries 盐生演替系列halzoun 片吸虫病hamada 石漠hand camera 手提摄影机hand colouring 手工着色hand lettering 手写注记hand operated camera 手控摄影机hand photogrammetric camera 手控摄影机hanging glacier 悬冰川hanging junction 悬垂合流悬垂汇流hanging valley 悬谷hanging wall 上盘hanging water 悬着水hanling radius 酌半径haplaquent 普通潮新成土haplaquept 普通潮始成土haplaquod 普通潮灰土haplaquoll 弱发育潮软土haplic acrisols 典型强淋溶土haplic andosols 弱发育暗色土haplic cambisols 普通始成土haplic cherozems 普通黑钙土haplic ferralsols 普通黄红色铁铝土haplic gleysols 普通潜育土haplic kastanozems 普通栗钙土haplic luvisols 弱发育淋溶土haplic phaiozems 典型灰色森林草原土haplic planosols 普通粘磐土haplic podzoluvisols 普通灰化土haplic solonchaks 弱发育盐土haplic solonetz 弱发育碱土haplic xerosols 薄层干旱土haplic yermosols 薄层漠境土haploboroll 薄层极地软土haplohumod 薄层腐殖灰土haplohumox 薄层腐殖质氧化土haplohumult 薄层腐殖质老成土haplorthod 普通灰土haplorthox 薄层正常氧化土haploxeralf 薄层干热淋溶土hapludoll 薄层湿软土hapludult 薄层湿老成土haplumbrept 薄层暗始成土haplustalf 薄层干淋溶土haplustoll 普通干软土harbour chart 港口图hard acid 硬酸hard base 硬碱hard copy 硬拷贝hard cushion vegetation 硬叶垫状植被hard grasses 硬禾本科植物hard leaved forest 硬叶林hard negative 硬底片hard pan 硬盘hard rock 硬岩石hard target 硬目标hard water 硬水hardened horizon 硬层hardening 锻炼hardness 硬度hardness of water 水的硬度hardware 硬件hardware of automated cartography 自动制图硬件hardwood forest 阔叶手harmonic analysis 低分析harmonic curve 低曲线harmonic fold 谐和褶皱harmonic trend surface analysis 低瞧面分析harmotome 交沸石harrow 耙harrowing 耙地harvest 收获harvester 收割机hatchettite 伪晶蜡石hatching 晕线hatching of water surface 水域晕线hausmannite 黑锰矿hawaiian high 夏威夷高压hay 干草hay harvest 干草收割haystack 干草堆haze 轻雾haze reduction filter 去雾滤光片hazel coppice 榛林hazel nut 榛head drop 落差head erosion 头部侵蚀heading stage 抽穗期headward erosion 向源侵蚀headwater 河源头headwind 逆风health resort 疗养地health resort zone 疗养地带healthy leaves 健康叶片heap cloud 直展云heart wood 木芯heat absorption 吸热heat apoplexy 热射病heat balance 热量平衡heat budget 热量平衡heat equator 热赤道heat equilibrium 热平衡heat exchange 热交换heat exchange in atmosphere 大气中热量交换heat exchange in sea 海中热量交换heat exchange in soil 土壤中热量交换heat flow 热流。

地理类英文单词Geography-related English VocabularyIntroductionEnglish is a widely spoken language around the world, and having a good grasp of geography-related vocabulary can greatly enhance our understanding and communication skills in various situations. In this article, we will explore different categories of geography-related English words and their meanings. Let's delve into the fascinating world of geographic terminology.1. LandformsLandforms are natural features on the Earth's surface that have distinctive shapes and characteristics. Here are some commonly used English words to describe landforms:1.1 Mountains: Elevated landmasses with steep slopes and towering peaks. Examples include the Himalayas, the Rocky Mountains, and the Alps.1.2 Valleys: Low-lying areas between mountains or hills, often with rivers flowing through them. Famous valleys include the Nile Valley, the Grand Canyon, and the Rhine Valley.1.3 Plateaus: Flat, elevated areas of land with steep sides. Notable plateaus include the Tibetan Plateau, the Colorado Plateau, and the Deccan Plateau.1.4 Plains: Broad, flat areas of land with fertile soil. The Great Plains in North America, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and the Russian Plain are well-known examples.2. Bodies of WaterWater covers a significant portion of the Earth's surface, and there are various bodies of water that play a crucial role in shaping landscapes and supporting life. Let's explore some important water-related vocabulary:2.1 Oceans: Vast bodies of saltwater that cover most of the Earth's surface. The five major oceans are the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean.2.2 Seas: Smaller saltwater bodies partially enclosed by land. Examples include the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Caribbean Sea.2.3 Rivers: Large natural streams of water that flow into lakes, seas, or oceans. Notable rivers include the Amazon River, the Nile River, and the Yangtze River.2.4 Lakes: Inland bodies of water, generally larger than ponds. Prominent lakes include the Great Lakes, Lake Baikal, and Lake Victoria.3. ClimateClimate refers to the long-term weather patterns of a particular region. Understanding climate-related vocabulary is essential when discussing geographical features and their impact. Here are some climate-related words:3.1 Temperature: The degree of hotness or coldness in a particular area. It is often measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.3.2 Precipitation: Any form of water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail.3.3 Humidity: The amount of water vapor present in the air. It affects how hot or cold we perceive the temperature to be.3.4 Climate Zones: Divisions of the Earth's surface based on distinct climatic features. Some common climate zones are tropical, temperate, arid, and polar.4. Natural DisastersGeography is closely associated with natural disasters, which can have a devastating impact on human lives and the surrounding environment. Understanding relevant vocabulary is important in disaster management and communication. Here are a few words related to natural disasters:4.1 Earthquake: A sudden shaking or trembling of the ground, often caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's surface.4.2 Tsunami: A series of enormous ocean waves triggered by underwater seismic activities, such as an earthquake.4.3 Volcano: An opening in the Earth's crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected during eruptions.4.4 Hurricane: A large, rotating storm system characterized by strong winds and heavy rainfall. Hurricanes are also known as typhoons or cyclones, depending on the region.ConclusionExpanding our geographic vocabulary not only improves our language skills but also deepens our understanding of the world around us. From landforms to natural disasters, bodies of water to climate zones, the English language offers a comprehensive range of words to describe various geographic phenomena. So, let's continue to explore and learn more about our planet through the lens of the English language.。

地理词汇英语翻译(L开头) labradorite 拉长石laccolite 岩盘laccolith 岩盘lack 缺乏lactate 乳酸盐lactic acid 乳酸lactic acid bacteria 乳酸菌lactic acid fermentation 乳酸发酵lactose 乳糖lacustrine deposits 湖积物lacustrine soil 湖积土lacustrine terrace 湖平原ladar 激光雷达ladar scanning 雷达扫描lagoon 泻湖lagoon coast 泻湖海岸lagoon deposits 泻湖沉积lagoon sediment 泻湖沉积物lahar 火山泥溜lake 湖lake basin 湖盆lake chalk raw soil 湖积白垩粗质土lake landscape 湖泊景观lake of cold air 冷空气湖lake plain 湖平原lake sediment anomaly 湖积物异常lake terrace 湖阶地lake type 湖泊型lakeside 湖岸lambert orthomorphic conical projection 兰勃特等角圆锥投影lambert's azimuthal projection 兰勃特方位投影lamella 壳层lamellar structure 薄层状结构lamina 薄片laminar boundary layer 层吝界层laminar flow 层流laminated clay 层状粘土laminated moor 层状泥炭laminated rock 页岩lamination of maps 图面贴膜lamprophyre 煌斑岩land and sea breeze 海陆风land breeze 陆风land bridge 陆桥land capability classification 地力分类land capability map 地力图land cover 土地覆盖land creep 地滑land evaluation 土地评价land facies 陆相land fog 陆雾land hemisphere 陆半球land hydrographic map 陆地水文图land information system 土地信息系统land levelling 土地平整land management 土地管理land planning 土地规划land reclamation 土地改良land resource 土地资源land resource map 土地资源图land resource survey 土地资源甸land retirement 土壤退化land structure 土地结构land subsidence 土地下沉land survey 土地测量land type map 土地类型图land types 土地类型land use 土地利用land use capability 土地利用率land use classification 土地利用分类land use classification system 土地利用分类系统land use data 土地利用数据land use interpretation 土地利用判读land use map 土地利用图land use mapping 土地利用制图land use monitoring 土地利用监测land use pattern 土地利用模式land use planning 土地利用规划land use survey 土地利用甸land use type 土地利用类型land utilization 土地利用land value 土壤价值land wind 岸风landform analysis 地形分析landform classification map for flood prevention 泛滥地形分级图landform type map 地貌类型图landforms 地形landforms map 地势图landmark navigation 地标导航landsat 陆地卫星landsat image 陆地卫星影像landscape 景观landscape class 景观等级landscape ecosystem 景观生态系统landscape geochemical prospecting 景观地球化学勘探landscape inversion 景观倒转landscape maps 景观图landscape physics 景观物理学landscape science 景观学landslide 土滑landslide clay 土滑粘土landslide configuration 山崩地形landslide slope 山崩坡landslide terrace 山崩阶地landslide zone 山崩区landslip 土滑landspout 陆龙卷landwaste 岩屑lane 路线lanthanide contraction 镧系收缩lanthanide elements 镧系元素lanthanides 镧系元素lanthanum 镧lapilli 火山砾lapilli tuff 火山砾凝灰岩laplace azimuth 拉普拉斯方位角lapse rate 温度垂直梯度larch forest 落叶松林larch tree 日本落叶松larch tree forest 落叶松林large blocked structure 大块状结构large crumb 大团块large furrow 大沟large scale map 大比例尺地图large scale plan 大比例尺平面图larva 幼虫laser 激光laser active homing guidance 织激光寻的制导laser altimeter 激光测高计laser beam 激光束laser distance measuring instrument 激光测距仪laser fluorescence 激光荧光laser remote sensing 激光遥感laser scan digitizer 激光扫描数字化仪laser semiactive homing guidance 半织激光寻的制导last quarter 下弦late frost 晚霜late glacial deposits 后期冰川沉积物latency 潜伏latent bud 休眠芽latent heat of vaporization 汽化潜热latent image 潜像latent instability 潜在不稳定latent valency 潜化合价lateral anomaly 侧移异常lateral crater 侧火山口lateral erosion 侧蚀lateral error 横向误差lateral inclination 横向倾斜lateral migration 侧向迁移lateral moraine 侧碛lateral overlap 横向重叠lateral pressure 横压力lateral root 侧根lateral shoot 侧条laterite 砖红壤lateritic crust 砖红壤结壳lateritic red earth 砖红壤性红壤lateritic red loam 砖红壤性红壤lateritic soil 砖红壤性土laterization 砖红壤化latitude 纬度latitude correction 纬度校正latitude determination 纬度测定latosol 砖红壤latter math 再生草lattice defect 点阵缺损lattice energy 晶格能lattice expansion 晶格膨胀lattice spacing 格子距离lattice structure 晶架构造laumontite 浊沸石launching site 发射阵地laurdalite 歪霞正长岩laurel forest 月桂林laurisilvae 照叶林lava 熔岩lava ash 熔岩灰lava dome 熔岩穹丘lava flow 熔岩流lava fountain 熔岩喷泉lava lake 熔岩湖lava neck 熔岩颈lava scum 熔岩沫lava sea 熔岩海lava sheet 熔岩床lava soil 熔岩土壤lava spring 熔岩泉lava stalactite 熔岩钟乳lava tunnel 熔岩洞lava volcano 熔岩火山查字典地理网有最全面的地理知识，欢迎大家继续阅读学习。

地理专业名词中英文对照1、大气ATMOSPHERE大气组成Atmospheric composition空气质量Air quality大气化学Atmospheric chemistry大气成分Atmospheric components大气颗粒物Atmospheric particulates二氧化碳Carbon dioxide温室气体Greenhouse gases氧气Oxygen臭氧层Ozone layer大气过程Atmospheric processes空气,水相互作用Air-water interaction大气环流Atmospheric circulation大气降水Atmospheric precipitation碳循环Carbon cycle蒸发作用Evaporation降水增加Precipitation enhancement降雨Rainfall太阳辐射Solar radiation蒸腾作用Transpiration风Winds空气污染Air pollution酸雨Acid rain空气污染物Air pollutants氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物Deposited particulate matter飞灰Fly ash雾Fog薄烟Haze空内空气污染Indoor air pollution 烟雾Smog气候问题Climatic issues农业气象学Agrometeorology气候Climate气候变化Climatic change气候带Climatic zones干旱Drought全球变暖Global warming温室效应Greenhouse effect湿度Humidity微气候影响Microclimate effects海平面上升Sea level rise人工影响天气Weather modification2、岩石圈LITHOSPHERE固态地球Solid Earth洞穴Caves地震活动Seismic activity地震监测Seismic monitoring火山Volcanoes风蚀Wind erosion3、陆地生态系统TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS土壤Soils农用土地Agricultural land碱地Alkali lands污染的土地Contaminated land污染的土壤Contaminated soil沙坑Gravel pits荒地Heath lands土地承载能力Land carrying capacity土地污染Land pollution土地开垦Land reclamation土地恢复Land restoration土地使用分类Land use classification边缘土地Marginal lands沙石开采Sand extraction沉积Sedimentation土壤潜力Soil capabilities土壤保持Soil conservation土壤污染Soil contamination土壤退化Soil degradation土壤侵蚀Soil erosion土壤改良Soil improvement土壤盐碱化Soil salination水蚀Water erosion干旱地区生态系统Arid land ecosystems干旱土地Arid lands沙漠化Desertification抗旱Drought control旱作Dry farming沙丘固定Sand dune fixation沙丘Sand dunes半干旱地区生态系统Semi-arid land ecosystems 森林生态系统Forest ecosystems植树造林Afforestation针叶林Coniferous forests森林砍伐Deforestation森林保护Forest conservation森林火灾Forest fires草地火灾Grass fires绿化带Greenbelts本地森林Indigenous forests再造林Reforestation植被恢复Revegetation亚热带生态系统Sub-tropical ecosystems温带森林Temperate forests温带林地Temperate woodlands树木Trees热带生态系统Tropical ecosystems热带森林Tropical forests热带森林生态系统Tropical forest ecosystems林地生态系统Woodland ecosystems温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Temperate ecosystems and cold zone ecosystems 南极生态系统Antarctic ecosystems南极地区Antarctic region北极生态系统Arctic ecosystems北极地区Arctic region寒带生态系统Cold zone ecosystems草地生态系统Grassland ecosystems永久冻土生态系统Permafrost ecosystems极地生态系统Polar ecosystems温带生态系统Temperate ecosystems山地生态系统Mountain ecosystems高原生态系统Highland ecosystems登山运动Mountaineering湿地生态系统Wetlands ecosystems红树沼泽Mangrove swamps水禽Waterfowl水涝地Waterlogged lands流域管理Watershed management水边开发Waterside development生物多样性和保护区Biological diversity and protected areas适应性强的物种Adaptable species藻类Algae两栖动物Amphibians动物习性Animal behaviour动物资源Animal resources节肢动物Arthropods生物多样性Biological diversity生物资源Biological resources生物圈保护区Biosphere reserves群落生境Biotopes鸟类Birds植物园Botanical gardens基因资源保护Conservation of genetic resources 生态平衡Ecological balance濒危动物物种Endangered animal species濒危植物物种Endangered plant species河口保护区Estuarine conservation areas动物区系Fauna植物区系Flora食物链Food chain捕猎Hunting无脊椎动物Invertebrates陆地哺乳动物Land mammals哺乳动物Mammals海洋保护区Marine conservation areas微生物Microorganisms移栖种Migratory species国家公园National parks国家保护区National reserves寄生生物Parasites偷猎Poaching灵长目Primates保护区Protected areas受保护的物种Protected species爬行动物Reptiles陆地生物资源Terrestrial biological resources植被Vegetation杂草Weeds野生生物Wildlife野生生物保护Wildlife conservation野生生物生境Wildlife habitats动物园Zoological gardens细菌Bacteria酶Enzymes真菌Fungi基因库Gene banks种质Germ plasm微生物资源Microbial resources原生生物Protozoa病毒Viruses酵母Yeasts生物技术问题Biotechnological issues农业生物技术Agricultural biotechnologies生物伦理学Bioethics生物安全Biosafety生物技术Biotechnologies无性繁殖Cloning与健康有关的生物技术Health-related biotechnologies诱变剂Mutagens突变微生物释放Mutated microorganisms release突变体Mutants繁殖控制Reproductive manipulationDNA重组技术Recombinant DNA technology动物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of animals植物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of plants生物技术的社会,经济影响Socio-economic impact of biotechnologies 致畸剂Teratogens4、淡水FRESHWATER淡水资源Freshwater resources淡水保护Conservation of freshwater水坝Dams冰Ice湖泊Lakes自然排水系统Natural drainage systems河流流域开发River basin development河流Rivers雪Snow地下水Subterranean water地表水Surface waters水资源保护Water resources conservation水资源开发Water resources development淡水生态系统Freshwater ecosystems集水区Catchment areas国际河流流域International river basins湖泊流域Lake basins池塘尾渣Ponds tailings河流流域River basins淡水恶化Freshwater degradation河流污染River pollution径流Run-off沉积物移动Sediment mobilization沉积物运移Sediment transport沉积盆地Sedimentary basins渗漏Seepage凤眼蓝Water hyacinth水葫芦;凤眼兰;凤眼莲;凤眼蓝;风信花水污染Water pollution水的盐化Water salination饮用水供应Drinking water supply脱盐Desalination饮用水Drinking water饮用水处理Drinking water treatment城市配水系统Municipal water distribution systems 农村供水Rural water supply污水处理厂Sewage treatment plants水泵Water pumps水处理Water treatment水井Water wells5、海洋环境MARINE ENVIRONMENTS海洋生态系统Marine ecosystems藻花Algal bloom海底生态系统Benthic ecosystems海洋污染Marine pollution污染沉积物Marine sediments海洋环境Ocean circulation洋流Ocean currents海洋Oceans海洋温度Ocean temperature赤潮Red tide海平面Sea level潮,潮汐Tides沿海生态系统Coastal ecosystems群岛Archipelagoes沿海地区Coastal areas沿海开发Coastal development沿海环境Coastal environments海岸侵蚀Coastal erosion疏浚Dredging河口生态系统Estuarine ecosystems岛屿生态系统Island ecosystems小岛屿Small islands海洋生物资源Living marine resources水生哺乳动物Aquatic mammals水生微生物Aquatic microorganisms水生植物Aquatic plants珊瑚礁Coral reefs甲壳纲动物Crustaceans鱼类Fish海洋资源保护Marine resources conservation软体动物Molluscs水生贝壳类动物Shellfish6、环境管理ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT资源管理Resources management深海矿藏Deep sea deposits森林管理Forest management森林政策Forest policy资源的地埋分布Geographic distribution of resources土地价值Land values矿产资源Mineral resources国家保护计划National conservation programs自然资源Natural resources自然保护Nature conservation不可再生资源Non-renewable resources资源净损耗Net resource depletion矿床Ore deposits石油资源保护Petroleum resources conservation可再生资源Renewable resources资源估价Resource appraisal资源保护Resource conservation海底开发Sea bed exploitation海底采矿Sea bed mining本地资源的利用Utilization of local resources环境规划Environmental planning发展合作Development cooperation发展计划Development planning生态发展Ecodevelopment经济发展Economic development经济计划Economic planning环境核算Environmental accounting环境审计Environmental auditing环境健康影响评价Environmental health impact assessment 环境影响Environmental impact环境影响评价Environmental impact assessment环境影响状报告书Environmental impact statement环境指标Environmental indicators环境政策Environmental policy环境风险评估Environmental risk assessment财政资助Financial assistance土地利用规划Land use planning环境管理指标Environmental management indicators环境质量指标Environmental quality indicators试验项目Pilot projects政策规划Policy planning施压集团Pressure groups区域规划Regional planning自助计划Self-help programmes工农业选址Siting of industry社会调查Social surveys发展状况Status of development可持续发展Sustainable development可持续发展指标Sustainable development indicators技术评价Technology assessment运输计划Transport planning环境经济问题Environmental economic issues环境定价Environmental valuation环境成本Environmental costs外部Externalities重置成本Replacement costs贸易对环境的影响Trade impact on environment已定价值的生态系统组成部分valued ecosystem components 经济管理手段Economic management instruments成本-效益分析Cost-benefit analysis发展中国家债务Developing countries debt环境股票交易Environmental stock exchange政府环境开支Government environmental expenditures绿色财政手段Green fiscal instruments环境成本内在化Internalisation of environmental costs以绿色标志促销Marketing with green labelling资源的定价政策Pricing policies of resources结构调整计划Structural adjustment programs税收差别Tax differentiation可交易的许可证Tradeable permits7、人类住区HUMAN SETTLEMENTS人类住区管理Human settlements management建成区Built-up areas经济规划Economic zoning用火安全要求Fire safety requirements历史遗址Historical sites住房改善Housing improvements住房需求Housing needs住房规划Housing programmes住房质量标准Housing quality standards工业区Industrial areas非高峰时间工作Off-peak working办公室Offices城区发展模式Patterns of urban growth规划的城区发展Planned urban development 再建房屋Rehousing租赁房屋Rental housing居民区Residential areas建筑安全标准Safety standards for buildings 商店Shops建筑业标准Standards for building industry 城区设计Urban design建成结构Built structures桥梁Bridges建筑材料Building materials建筑物Buildings建筑技术Building technology施工技术Construction technology建筑工程Construction works农业建筑Farm buildings政府建筑Government buildings高层建筑High-rise buildings工业建筑Industrial buildings本地建筑材料Local materials for building拖车住房Mobile homes核研究中心Nuclear research centres装配式房屋Prefabricated buildings结构Structures隔热Thermal insulation基础设施Infrastructure通道Access roads水上娱乐活动Aquatic recreational amenities 汽车停放Automobile parking建成的排水系统Built drainage systems电力分配Electric power distribution公共花园Public gardens公路Highways空地Open spaces管道Pipelines运动场Playgrounds公园Public parks公用事业Public utilities道路建设Road construction道路养护Road maintenance体育设施Sports facilities电信Telecommunications运输系统Transport systems隧道Tunnels城市供水Urban water supply公共服务Public services人类住区的社会,经济方面Socio-economic aspects of human settlements 生育控制Birth control社区服务Community services社区参与Community participation通勤Commuting消费方式Consumption patterns文化指标Cultural indicators发展模式Development patterns残疾人Disabled persons毒品滥用Drug abuse生态旅游Ecotourism计划生育Family planning性别问题Gender issues无家可归Homelessness住房集资Housing finance人类迁居Human migration人口Human population人权Human rights土地分配Land allotment生活方式Lifestyles低价住房Low-cost housing流动工人Migrant workers少数民族Minorities社区改善计划Neighbourhood improvement schemes新社区New communities流浪者Nomads非高峰时间通勤Off-peak commuting公共卫生Public health种族关系Race relations娱乐Recreation农村地区Rural areas环境卫生Sanitation社会指数Social indicators社会-经济因素Socio-economic factors旅游Tourism旅行Travel贫困阶层Under-privileged people 城市地区Urban areas城区改造Urban renewal城区压力Urban stress妇女地位Women status8、人类住区的环境方面Environmental aspects of human settlements空调Air conditioning尸体处置Disposal of the dead区城供热District heating住房密度Housing density过度拥挤Overcrowding难民Refugees旅游设施Tourist facilities城市衰败Urban decay9、农业AGRICULTURE农业方式Agricultural practices农业设备Agricultural equipment农业管理Agricultural management农业方法Agricultural methods农业害虫Agricultural pests农业生产Agricultural production农业储藏Agricultural storage动物疾病Animal diseases动物营养Animal nutrition养蜂业Apiculture水产养殖Aquaculture害虫的生物控制Biological control of pests 生物固氮Biological nitrogen fixation堆肥Composts等高耕作Contour farming受控燃烧Controlled burning作物保护Crop protection挽畜Draught animals鱼类养殖Fish culture渔业管理Fisheries management谷物Grains作物虫害传染Infestation of crops粮食虫害传染Infestation of food灌溉Irrigation灌溉渠Irrigation canals灌溉农业Irrigation farming天然肥料Natural fertilizers有机农业Organic farming病虫害控制Pest management杀虫剂标准控制Pesticide control standards 植物病害Plant diseases家禽饲养Poultry farming林农轮作Shifting cultivation树木苗圃Tree nurseries滴灌Trickle irrigation农工业Agro-industry畜产品Animal products饮料工业Beverage industry酿造业Brewing industry蒸馏业Distilling industry食品辐照Food irradiation食品保存Food preservation食品贮藏Food storage食品运输Food transport林产品Forest products烟草Tobacco农用化学品Agrochemicals化学肥料Chemical fertilizers杀真菌剂Fungicides除草剂Herbicides杀虫剂的代谢Metabolism of pesticides硝酸盐Nitrates亚硝酸盐Nitrites亚硝胺Nitrosamines营养物Nutrients有机磷化物Organophosphorus compounds 杀虫剂的持久性Persistence of pesticides杀虫剂路径Pesticide pathways杀虫剂Pesticides磷酸盐Phosphates杀虫剂的毒性Toxicity of pesticides杀虫剂的使用Utilization of pesticides10、工业INDUSTRY工业生产过程Industrial processes制铝工业Aluminium industry适用技术Appropriate technology高炉Blast furnaces纤维素Cellulose化学工业Chemical industry清洁技术Clean technologies服装工业Clothing industry乳品业Dairy industry脱盐工厂Desalination plants干洗Dry cleaning炼铁工业Iron industry纤维素Cellulose化学工业Chemical industry清洁技术Clean technologies服装工业Clothing industry乳品业Dairy industry脱盐工厂Desalination plants干洗Dry cleaning炼铁工业Iron industry洗烫衣服Laundering皮革工业Leather industry金属加工Metal finishing金属电镀Metal plating金属冶炼Metal smelting矿产业Mineral industry采矿Mining天然气开采Natural gas extraction原油开采Oil extraction石油提炼Petroleum refining印刷工业Printing industry纸浆工业Pulp industry采石Quarrying橡胶加工Rubber processing炼钢工业Steel industry露天剥采Strip mining焦油生产Tar production焦油使用Tar use木材保存Wood preservation工业产品Industrial products消费品Consumer goods危险品Dangerous goods工业材料Industrial materials天然纤维Natural fibres包装Packaging涂料Paints产品标签Product labelling可再用容器Reusable containers合成洗涤剂Synthetic detergents合成纺织纤维Synthetic textile fibres漆Varnishes木产品Wood products11、运输TRANSPORTATION空运Air transportation空中交通规则Air traffic regulations飞机Aircraft飞机发动机排放物Aircraft engine emissions飞机噪音Aircraft noise机场Airports航天运输Space transportation陆上运输Land transportation自行车Bicycles内燃机Combustion engines铁路运输Railway transport道路安全Road safety道路交通工程Road traffic engineering 道路运输Road transport道路Roads城市交通Urban traffic车辆检验Vehicle inspection水上运输Water transportation渔轮Fishing vessels内河运输Inland water transport内陆水道Inland waterways国际水道International watercourses 海运Maritime transport航运的危害Navigational hazards油轮Oil tankers港口Ports潜水艇Submarines12、能ENERGY能源Energy sources动物粪便作燃料Animal dung as fuel 沼气Biogas生物量Biomass生物质能Biomass energy木炭Charcoal煤Coal原油Crude oil能源资源Energy resources浓缩铀Enriched uranium矿物燃料Fossil fuels燃料酒精Fuel alcohol薪柴Fuel wood地热能Geothermal energy碳氢化合物Hydrocarbon compounds 烃Hydrocarbons水电Hydroelectric power液化气Liquefied gas甲烷Methane天然气Natural gas可再生能源Renewable energy sources不可再生能源Non-renewable energy resources 无污染能源Non-polluting energy sources核能Nuclear energy核燃料Nuclear fuels油类Oils油页岩Oil shales泥炭、泥煤Peat汽油Petrols从废料中提取的燃料Refuse derived fuels太阳能Solar energy焦油砂Tar sands海洋热能Thermal sea power潮汐能Tidal energy铀Uranium波浪能Wave energy风能Wind energy能源过程Energy processes煤气化Coal gasification煤液化Coal liquefaction电力Electric power发电厂Electric power plants蓄电装置Electrical storage devices能源保护Energy conservation能源转换Energy conversion能源效率Energy efficiency能源政策Energy policy能源生产Energy production能源利用Energy use能源利用方式Energy utilization patterns气体液化Gas liquefaction照明Lighting天然气勘探Natural gas exploration核能利用Nuclear energy uses核电站Nuclear power plants近海石油钻探Offshore oil drilling石油勘探Oil exploration日照加热Solar heating13、环境化学ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 无机物质Inorganic substances酸Acids氧化铝Alumina氯Chlorine盐酸Hydrochloric acid硫化氢Hydrogen sulphide硫酸盐Sulphates硫酸Sulphuric acid光化学试剂Photochemical agents光化学效应Photochemical effects有机物质Organic substances有机硅化合物Organosilicon compounds酚Phenols外激素，信息素Pheromones植物油Vegetable oils生物化学过程Biochemical processes 酸化Acidification 需氧过程Aerobic processes厌氧过程Anaerobic processes生物降解Biodegradation脱氮作用Denitrification富营氧化Eutrophication杀虫剂的相互作用Interaction of pesticides电离辐射Ionizing radiation代谢(作用)，新陈代谢(作用) Metabolism固氮Nitrogen fixation非电离辐射Non-ionizing radiation光合作用Photosynthesis物理,化学过程Physico-chemical processes放射性Radioactivity毒性Toxicity污染POLLUTION污染物Pollutants气溶胶，气雾剂Aerosols农业废物Agricultural wastes石棉Asbestos商业噪音Commercial noise混合污染Composite pollution作物废物Crop waste二恶英Dioxins农家场院废物Farmyard waste火、火灾Fire危险物质Hazardous substances危险废物Hazardous wastes重金属Heavy metals医院废物Hospital wastes工业废水Industrial effluents工业排放物Industrial emissions工业烟尘Industrial fumes工业噪声Industrial noise无机污染物Inorganic pollutants铅污染Lead contamination液体废物Liquid wastes丢弃物，废气物Litter汞污染Mercury contamination微污染物Micropollutants采矿废物Mining wastes机动车辆排放物Motor vehicle emissions城市废物Municipal waste氮氧化物Nitrogen oxides噪声污染Noise pollution恶臭公害Odour nuisance有机物污染Organic pollutants难降解有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants 有机溶剂Organic solvents有机卤化物Organohalogen compounds医药废物Pharmaceutical wastes塑料废物Plastic wastes多氯联苯Polychlorinated biphenyls聚合物废物Polymer wastes放射性物质Radioactive substances氡Radon橡胶废物Rubber waste锯屑Sawdust污水Sewage屠宰场废物Slaughterhouse waste固体废物Solid wastes热污染Thermal pollution有毒物质Toxic substances有毒废物Toxic waste毒素Toxins痕量元素Trace elements痕量物质Trace materials交通噪音Traffic noise废物，垃圾Trash废热Waste heat木材废料Wood waste对流层臭氧Tropospheric ozone污染源Pollution sources生物武器Biological weapons水泥工业Cement industry化学武器Chemical weapons烟囱Chimneys冷却水Cooling waters机动车辆Motor vehicles摩托车Motorcycles核武器Nuclear weapons海洋倾倒Ocean dumping石油泄漏Oil spills废金属Scrap metals挖掘堆积Excavation heaps污染治理Pollution abatement隔音Acoustic insulation化学污染清除Chemical decontamination燃料脱硫Desulphurization of fuels过滤器Filters噪音治理Noise abatement污染治理设备Pollution abatement equipment 污染控制技术Pollution control technology辐射防护Radiation protection洗涤器Scrubbers分离器Separators防烟Smoke prevention废物最少化Waste minimization废物Wastes电池处理Battery disposal废物的化学处理Chemical treatment of waste处置场所Disposal sites废物焚烧Incineration of waste矿山回填Mine filling残油回收Oil residue recuperation放射性废物管理Radioactive waste management 回收的材料Recycled materials回收Recycling材料再利用Reuse of materials卫生填埋Sanitary landfills海洋排泄口Sea outfall化粪池Septic tanks污水处置Sewage disposal污水处理系统Sewage treatment systems固体废物处置Solid waste disposal废物同化处置Waste assimilation capacities废物转化技术Waste conversion techniques废物处置Waste disposal废物土地处置Waste disposal in the ground废物处置税Waste disposal taxes废物回收Waste recovery废物利用Waste use水的再利用Water reuse14、人体健康HUMAN HEALTH污染物的危害Hazards of pollutants在人体组织中的积累Accumulation in body tissues镉污染Cadmium contamination环境健康危害Environmental health hazards人体接触污染物Human exposure to pollutants污染物的长期效应Long-term effects of pollutants核安全Nuclear safety污染物的影响Pollutant effects污染风险Pollution risk辐射效应Radiation effects药物的副作用Side effects of pharmaceutical drugs有毒物质的协同效应Synergistic effects of toxic substances 与环境有关的疾病Environmentally related diseases致癌物Carcinogens南美锥虫病Chagas'' disease人类的疾病Human diseases免疫疾病Immunological diseases婴儿死亡率Infant mortality疟疾Malaria盘尾丝虫病Onchocerciasis病原生物体Pathogenic organisms辐射病Radiation sickness血吸虫病Schistosomiasis人类疾病传染媒介Vectors of human diseases工作环境Working environment人机工程学Ergonomics职业健康Occupational health职业安全Occupational safety振动Vibration营养与保健Nutrition and health care过敏素Allergens基本食物要求Basic food requirements食品Food食品添加剂Food additives食用色素Food colourants食品污染Food contamination保健Health care卫生设施Health facilities高蛋白食品High protein foods医院Hospitals营养不良Malnutrition医疗Medical treatment药用植物Medicinal plants营养Nutrition食品的营养价值Nutritive value of food毒物Poisons吸烟Smoking主食Staple foods传统保健Traditional health care15、灾难DISASTERS灾难现象Catastrophic phenomena生物体的意外释放Accidental release of organisms 雪崩Avalanches旋风Cyclones沙漠蝗虫Desert locusts地震Earthquakes环境事故Environmental accidents流行病Epidemics洪水Floods飓风Hurricanes山崩Landslides人为灾难Human-made disasters核事故Nuclear accidents放射性污染Radioactive contamination释放Release地震海浪Seismic sea waves泄漏Spillage暴风雨Storms台风Typhoons应急减灾措施Emergency relief measures灾难清理作业Disaster clean-up operations防灾准备Disaster preparedness防灾Disaster prevention灾难救援Disaster relief流离失所人员Displaced persons紧急救援Emergency relief应急避难所Emergency shelter环境应急计划Environmental contingency planning 防洪Flood control放射性污染清除Radioactive decontamination临时住房Temporary housing临时避难所Temporary shelter生境破坏Habitat destruction陆地活动Land-based activities自然改变Physical alterations16、监测MONITORING环境监测Environmental monitoring生物指标Biological indicators生态标志Ecolabelling污染物鉴别Identification of pollutants噪声监制Noise monitoring污染物分析Pollutant analysis污染物分布Pollutant distribution污染物浓度Pollutant levels污染物监测Pollutant monitoring污染物路径Pollutant pathways污染物来源鉴别Pollutant source identification 污染监测Pollution monitoring辐射监测Radiation monitoring交通监测Traffic monitoring监测数据Monitoring data空气质量管理Air quality management大气监测Atmospheric monitoring本底监测Baseline monitoring环境标准Environmental criteria环境评价Environmental assessment部门评价Sectoral assessment环境统计Environmental statistics森林资源评估Forest resource assessment洪水监测Freshwater monitoring工业生产统计Industrial production statistics长期预报Long-term forecasting长期趋势Long-term trends海洋监测Marine monitoring监测基准Monitoring criteria污染基准Pollution criteria污染标准Pollution norms质量控制Quality control水盾Water quality天气监测Weather monitoring天气预报Weather prediction野生生物种群统计Wildlife population statistics 监测技术Monitoring techniques分析设备Analytical equipment大气模型Atmospheric models自动检测Automatic detection测量仪器的标定Calibration of measuring equipment 色谱分析Chromatographic analysis气象色谱法Gas chromatography模型制作，模型设计Modelling监测仪器Monitoring equipment放射性示踪技术Radioactive tracer techniques采样技术Sampling techniques模拟Simulation河道观测Stream measurement毒理测定Toxicological testing报警系统Warning systems监测系统Monitoring systems17、环境法ENVIRONMENTAL LAW国内立法National legislation农业立法Agricultural legislation污染防治激励措施Antipollution incentives环境犯罪Environmental crimes环境激励措施Environmental incentives环境责任Environmental liability环境过失Environmental misconduct环境质量标准Environmental quality standards环境补贴Environmental subsidies林业立法Forestry legislation健康立法Health legislation住房立法Housing legislation工业立法Industrial legislation对破坏环境的惩罚Penalties for environmental damage 污染者付费原则Polluter-pays principle污染控制法规Pollution control regulations污染责任Pollution liabilities公众对土地的获取Public access to land法规控制Regulatory control国际环境关系International environmental relations入海通道Access to the sea双边协定Bilateral conventions环境安全Environmental security环境破坏行为Environmental vandalism环境冲突Environmental warfare危险废物的出口Export of hazardous wastes全球性公约Global conventions国际标准化International standardization国际贸易International trade国际性重要的失态系统Internationally important ecosystems海洋事故的责任Liability for marine accidents核破坏的责任Liability for nuclear damages军事活动Military activity事先知情同意Prior informed consent危险废物运输的事先通告Prior notification for hazardous waste transport 区域性公约Regional conventions技术转让Technology transfer贸易避垒Trade barriers越境污染Trans-frontier pollution危险物质的运输Transport of hazardous materials18、环境信息ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION信息基础设施Information infrastructure图书馆Library信息中心Information centre数据中心Data centre培训中心Training centre因特网服务提供商Internet service provider信息网络Information networks环境术语Environmental terminology电子信息网络Electronic information network广域网Wide area network因特网Internet万维网World Wide Web主页Homepage超文本Hypertext公告牌系统Bulletin board system新闻组Newsgroup邮寄清单Mailing list电子函件Electronic mail信息技术Information technology多媒体技术Multimedia technology遥感中心Remote sensing centre地理信息系统实验室GIS laboratory环境意识Environmental awareness公共信息Public information新闻发布Press release视听演示Audio-visual presentation信息工具包Information kit录象Video展示Exhibit照片Photograph新闻通讯Newsletter广播节目Radio programme电视节目Television programme环境教育Environmental education环境培训Environmental training公共关系Public relations联络渠道Communication channels信息系统Information systems文献目录信息系统Bibliographic information system文献目录信息Bibliographic information技术信息Technical information本地知识Indigenous knowledge信息查询系统Referral information system供查询的信息Referral information统计信息系统Statistical information system统计信息Statistical information术语Terminology同义词Thesaurus分类Classification图书馆服务Library services查阅服务Reference service文件编索引Indexing of document文件出错document lending图书馆之间的借贷Inter-library loan信息的选择性传播Selective dissemination of information 光盘只读存储查询服务CD-ROM search service因特网查询服务Internet search service信息服务Information services在线服务On-line services信息交流中心Information clearing-house数据处理Data processing数据收集Data collection数据记录技术Data recording techniques信息处理Information processing专家系统Expert system决策支持系统Decision-support system软件开发Software development数据库Database相关数据库Relational database信息交换Information exchange与地学有关的信息Geo-referenced information遥感Remote sensing多谱线扫描器Multispectral scanner分辨率Resolution像素Pixel谱带Spectral bands红外线Infrared紫外线Ultraviolet雷达Radar轨迹Path景物确认Scene identification图象处理数字系统Image processing digital systems数字图象处理技术Digital image processing techniques 图象识别Pattern recognition镶嵌图案Mosaics图象滤光Image filtering图象增强Image enhancement几何修正Geometric corrections影像配准Image registration图象分类Image classification受监视的图象分类Supervised image classification未被监视的图象分类Unsupervised image classification 彩色组成Colour composition大气修正Atmospheric corrections地理信息系统Geographic information systems地理信息系统的数字系统GIS digital systems地理信息系统的数字格式GIS digital formats矢量Vector点Point线Lines多边形Polygons光栅Raster属性Attributes地理信息系统的数字技术GIS digital techniques内插Interpolation布网格Gridding光栅到矢量Raster to vector矢量到光栅Vector to raster边界Boundaries国家边界National boundaries次国家边界Sub-national boundaries行政边界Administrative boundaries与地理相关的数据Geo-referenced data地理投影Geographical projections坐标系统Coordinate system纬度Latitude经度Longitude19、联合国United Nations政府间的Intergovernmental政府的Governmental工业的或商业的Industrial or commercial非政府组织Non-governmental organization专业团体Professional society学术的Academic进入术语Terms of access协商费用Charges negotiable按回收成本为基础Cost recovery basis固定的收费时间表Fixed schedule of charges一般情况下免费Normally without charge在交换的基础上On exchange basis20、学科SUBJECT DISCIPLINES科目Subjects 声学Acoustics农业生态学Agricultural ecology 农业经济学Agricultural economics农业工程Agricultural engineering 农业林学Agroforestry分析化学Analytical chemistry 动物生态学Animal ecology动物遗传学Animal genetics 畜牧学Animal husbandry动物生理学Animal physiology 建筑学Architecture大气物理学Atmospheric physics 细菌学Bacteriology生物化学Biochemistry 生物气候学Bioclimatology生物地球化学Biogeochemistry 生物学Biology植物学Botany 心脏病学Cardiology制图学Cartography 化学工程Chemical engineering化学海洋学Chemical oceanography 土木工程Civil engineering气候学Climatology 细胞学Cytology电气工程Electrical engineering 内分泌学Endocrinology流行病学Epidemiology 河口生物学Estuarine biology河口海洋学Estuarine oceanography 食品科学Food science林学Forestry 淡水生物学Freshwater biology遗传工程学Genetic engineering 遗传学Genetics地质学Geology 地貌学Geomorphology地球物理学Geophysics 工艺地质学Geotechnology冰川学Glaciology 血液学Haematology园艺学Horticulture 人体生物学Human biology人体生理学Human physiology 水文地理学Hydrography水文学Hydrology 溶液培养学Hydroponics免疫学Immunology 无机化学Inorganic chemistry湖沼学，淡水生物学Limnology 海洋生物学Marine biology船舶工程Marine engineering 海洋地质学Marine geology材料科学Materials science 机械工程学Mechanical engineering 气象学Meteorology 微生物学Microbiology微气候学Microclimatology 采矿工程Mining engineering。

oceanology 海洋学ochraqualf 淡潮淋溶土ochre 舣ochrept 淡始成土ochric andosols 淡暗色土ochric epipedon 淡色表层ochric ferralsols 淡色铁铝土ochric podzols 淡色灰壤octahedron 八面体ocular 目镜odinite 拉辉煌斑岩odometer 里程表odorant 着嗅剂odour 气味office operation 内业official cartography 官方地图制图official map 官方地图offset machine 胶印机offset printing 胶版印刷offshore 滨外的offshore bar 近岸沙洲offshore current 离岸流oikesis 定居oil basin 含油盆地oil bearing rock 油母岩oil deposit 石油矿床oil field 油田oil field water 油田水oil gas 油气oil geology 石油地质学oil horizon 含油层oil plant 油料罪oil pool 油藏oil sand 油砂oil seepage 油苗oil shale 油页岩oil slick 油膜oil well 油井old mountains 老年山old red sandstone 古老红色砂岩old stage 老年期old valley 老年谷olfaction 嗅觉oligocene 渐新世oligoclase 奥长石oligodynamic action 微毒酌oligotrophic brown soil 贫瘠棕色土oligotrophic conditions 贫瘠条件oligotrophic lake 寡养湖oligotrophic moor 寡养沼泽oligotrophic plant 寡养植物olive 油橄榄olivine 贵橄榄石ombrogenic bog 喜雨沼泽ombrogenous peat 可变泥炭ombrograph 雨量记录仪ombrometer 雨量计ombrophilous plant 喜雨植物ombrophobe 嫌雨植物ombrophyte 喜雨植物on demand system 按需股务系统oncogeography 肿瘤地理学oncolysis 瘤细胞溶解one crop system 单作one dimensional correlation 一维相关one side sight 单向照准线onkilonite 橄辉霞玄岩online data processing system 联机数据处理系统onshore wind 向岸风ontogenesis 个体发生ontogeny 个体发生oolitic limestone 鲕状石炭岩ooze mud 软泥opal 蛋白石opalization 乳白化opaque paint 不透谜料open canopy 稀疏林冠open chain 开链open channel 摸open channel flow 摸流open community 稀疏群落open commuunity 稀疏群落open cut drain 玫open ditch drainage 玫排水open fault 张开断层open fold 开褶皱open forest 疏林open pit 露天开采坑open river stage 畅廉位open sand 松砂open system 开放系统open water 开敞水面operating instruction 使用说瞄operating program 操滋序operating system 操椎统operation 运算operations research 运筹学ophicalcite 蛇纹大理岩ophitic texture 辉绿结构opoka 蛋白土oppression 抑制optical attenuation length of sea water 海水光学衰减长度optical camouflage 光学伪装optical density 光学深度optical density of atmosphere 大气光学密度optical depth 光学深度optical digital processor 光学数字处理机optical electronic viewing instrument 光电观察仪器optical enlargement 光学放大optical glass 光学玻璃optical image 光学图像optical mechaical scanning 光机扫描optical mechanical projection 光学机械投影optical mechanical rectification 光学机械纠正optical micrometer 光学测微器optical mosaic 光学镶嵌optical pantograph 光学缩放仪optical phenomenon 光学现象optical radiation 光辐射optical scanning system 光学扫描系统optical sighting device 光学照准器optical system 光学系统optical transformation of photograph 航摄照片的光学变换optical wedge 光楔optics 光学optimal control 最佳控制optimal design 优化设计optimeter 光学比较仪optimization method 最优化法optimum 最适条件optimum density 最佳密度optimum moisture 最适水分orbit 轨道orbit calculation 轨道计算orbital altitude 轨道高度orbital eccentricity 轨道偏心率orbital motion 轨道运动orchard savanna 果园热带稀林草原order 目order of crystallization 结晶次序ordering 排序ordinary chernozem 普通黑土ordinary polyconic projection 普通多圆锥投影ordinary water discharge 常泄水量ordinate 纵坐标ordnance survey 军事测量ore 矿石ore body 矿体ore bunch 矿袋ore deposit 矿床ore dressing 造矿ore geochemical anomaly 成矿地球化学异常ore grade 矿石品位ore mineral 矿石矿物ore reserve 矿石储量ore shoot 富矿体ore surface halo 矿上晕oreforming element 成矿元素organ 瀑organic acid 有机酸organic chemistry 有机化学organic colloids 有机胶体organic compound 有机化合物organic environment 有机环境organic fertilizer 有机肥料organic geochemistry 有机地球化学organic geochemistry method 有机地球化学法organic matter 有机物organic rock 有机岩organic silt 沼泥炭organic soil 有机土organic substance 有机物质organic weathering 有机风化organization 组织organo metallic compound 有机金属化合物organomercurous fungicide 有机汞杀菌剂orictocoenosis 化石群oriental region 东洋区orientation 方位orientation elements 方位元素orientation movement 定向运动。

单词音标类别architecture['ɑ:kitektʃə]地理建筑Asian ['eiʃən地理国土barrier['bæriə] 地理建筑basement['beismənt] 地理建筑basin['beisən] 地理自然地理环境beach[bi:tʃ] 地理自然地理环境bedroom['bedruːm地理建筑border['bɔ:də]地理国土boundary['baundəri] 地理国土bridge[bridʒ] 地理建筑brook[bruk] 地理自然地理环境capital['kæpitəl] 地理区划cemetery['semitəri] 地理建筑channel['tʃænlz]地理自然地理环境chart[tʃɑ:t] 科技地理concrete[kən'kri:t,地理建筑construct[kən'strʌkt] 地理建筑corner['kɔ:nə]地理自然地理环境corridor['kɔridɔ:] 地理建筑cottage['kɔtidʒ] 地理建筑country['kʌntri] 地理国土creek[kriːk]地理自然地理环境delta['deltə地理自然地理环境desert1['dezət] 地理自然地理环境direction[di'rekʃən地理方位distance['distəns]地理方位distant['distənt] 地理方位dormitory['dɔrmətɔri地理建筑drain[drein] 地理建筑entrance['entrəns地理建筑envelope['envələup] 地理方位excavate['ekskəveɪt]地理建筑extensive[ik'stensiv地理方位extent[ik'stent地理方位exterior[ik'stiəriə地理区划fence['fens] 地理建筑fountain['fauntin]地理自然地理环境frontier[fridʒ] 地理方位garage['ɡærɑ:dʒ, ɡə'r地理建筑globe[ɡləub]科技地理Greece[ɡri:s]地理国土Greek[griːk地理国土ground[ɡraund] 科技地理gypsy['dʒɪpsi地理国土人称谓hinder['hində]地理方位homeland ['həʊmlænd]地理国土horizon[hə'raizən]科技地理地理建筑政治单位house[haus, hauz]inland['inlənd地理区划inner['inə]地理方位interior[in'tiəriə]地理方位intermediate[,intə'mi:djət地理方位jungle['dʒʌŋɡl地理自然地理环境lobby['lɔbi]地理建筑local['ləukəl]地理区划location[ləu'keiʃən地理方位longitude['lɔndʒitju:d,科技地理mainland['meinlənd]地理区划mansion['mænʃ(ə)n地理建筑marble['mɑ:bl] 科技地理marsh [mɑːʃ地理自然地理环境meadow['medəu]地理自然地理环境Mexican['meksɪkən]地理国土Mexico['meksikəu地理国土mountain[mauntin地理自然地理环境Norway['nɔ:wei地理国土oasis[əʊ'eɪsɪs地理自然地理环境ocean['əuʃən]地理自然地理环境Oceania [,oʃɪ'ænɪə地理国土orient['ɔ:riənt, 地理区划outskirts['autskə:ts]地理区划passage[ˈpæsɪdʒ]地理建筑地理自然地理环境peninsula[pi'ninsjulə]place[pleis]地理建筑经济活动plain[plein]人评价地理自然地理环境portugal['pɔ:tjuɡəl]地理国土province['prɔvins] 地理区划pyramid['pirəmid地理建筑rebuild[riː'bɪld地理建筑regional['ri:dʒənəl]地理区划ridge[ridʒ]人身体地理建筑river['rivə地理自然地理环境Romania[rəu'meinjə地理国土rural['ruərəl地理自然地理环境Scottish['skɔtiʃ地理国土shore[ʃɔ:] 地理自然地理环境地理方位situate['sɪtʃʊeɪt; -tjʊsituated['sitjueitid地理方位skirt[skə:t] 人衣饰地理区划southern['sʌðən] 地理方位Soviet['sovɪ'ɛt地理国土space[speis]地理方位square[skwεə] 地理建筑stable['steibl]地理建筑政治工作活动stream[stri:m]地理自然地理环境suburb['sʌbə:b] 地理区划Swiss[swɪs地理国土temple['templ地理建筑人身体territory['teritəri] 地理区划tower['tauə] 地理建筑tropical['trɔpikəl] 地理区划tunnel['tʌnl地理国土动词动手turning['tɜːnɪŋ] 地理自然地理环境underlie[,ʌndə'lai] 地理方位urban['ə:bən]地理区划Vietnam[,vjet'næm]地理国土villa'vɪlə] 地理建筑volcano[vɔl'keinəu地理自然地理环境warehouse['wεəhaus, 地理建筑westerner['westənə]地理国土westwards['westwədz]地理方位。

地理词汇中英对译entisol 新成土entrenched meander 嵌入曲流；深切曲流entrenched stream 嵌入河；深切河entrenched valley 嵌入〔河〕entrepot 转口港entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurial factor 企业管理因素environmental capacity 环境容量environmental conservation 环境保护environmental constraint 环境限制environmental degradation 环境退化environmental education 环境教育environmental gradient 环境梯度environmental hazard 环境灾害；环境危害environmental impact 环境影响environmental impact statment 环境影响报告environmental improvement 环境改善environmental lapse rate 环境〔温度〕environmental perception 环境感观environmental planning 环境规则environmental pollution 环境污染environmental quality 环境质素environmental resources 环境资源environmental risk 环境风险Eocene epoch 始新世epeirogenic movement 造陆运动ephermeral (1)短生植物，(2)短生ephermeral stream 季节性河流；间歇〔性〕epicdermis 表皮epicentre 震央；震中epiphyte 附生植物Equator 赤道equatorial air mass 赤道气团equatorial climate 赤道气候equatorial low 赤道低〔气〕equatorial rain forest 赤道雨林equatorial trough 赤道低压槽eradication of disease 消除疾病erg (sandy desert) 砂质荒漠；砂质沙漠erodibility 可侵蚀性erosion 侵蚀erosion cycle 侵蚀循环erratic 漂石eruption 爆发escarpment 单斜山；马头丘estancia 大牧场(南美)estate (1)大农场，(2)estuarine delta 河口三角洲estuary 河口湾ethnic area 种族区ethnic group 种族群ethnic minority 少数种族ethnic segregation 种族隔离Eurasia 欧亚大洲eustasy 海面升降；海面进退eustatic movement 海面升降运动eutrophic 富养分eutrophication 富养化〔作用〕evaporation 蒸发〔作用〕evapotranspiration 蒸发蒸腾作用even (regular) slope 均匀坡evergreen forest 常绿林evolution 演化；进化excavation (1)掘蚀，(2)挖掘excessive urbanization 过度城市化exchange capacity 交换量exchangeable cation 交换性阳离子；交换性正离子exfoliation 剥离〔作用〕exhaust gas 废气；排气exhumation 剥露〔作用〕exogenic process 外力作用；外成作用exotic river 外源河exponential curve 指数曲线export 出口export-oriented industry 出口导向工业exposed coast 裸露海岸；暴露海岸extended family 大家庭extensive farming 粗放式农业；广耕法external economies 外部经济效益external force 外〔营〕external migration 国外迁移；境外迁移extinct species 已灭绝生物品种extinct volcano 死火山extinction of species 品种灭绝extrapolation 外推法；外插法extreme climate 极端气候extreme environment 极端环境extreme event 极端事件extreme value 极值extrusion 喷出；挤出extrusive rock 喷出岩extrusive vulcanicity 喷出火山作用eye of tropical cyclone 〔热带气旋〕fabricating industry 装配工业factor of location 区位因素；布局因素factor of production 生产因素factor substitution 因素代替Fahrenheit scale 华氏温度表fall-line 瀑布线（美）fallow 休耕fallow time 休耕时间family planning 家庭计划；计划生育family-life cycle 家庭生活周期farm size 农场面积farm unit 农场单位farmer's calender 农民行事历farming 农业；耕作farming efficiency 农耕效率farming landscape 农业景观farming method 耕作方法farming practice 农耕方式farming research 农业研究farming season 农事季节farming settlement 农业聚落farming system 农业系统farmland 农地farmstead 农庄fathom line 〔等〕fault 断层；断裂fault breccia 断层角砾岩fault line 断层线；断裂线fault plane 断层面fault scarp 断层崖faulting 断层〔作用〕fault-line scarp 断层线崖fauna 动物群；动物区系fazenda 大农场（巴西）feature 形貌；特征feedback 反馈feedback loop 反馈环feeder road 支线公路feeding habit 摄食习性fell-field (1)荒高地，(2)稀矮植物区felspar (feldspar) 长石fen 沼泽fern 羊齿类动物；蕨ferrallitic soil 铁铝土Ferrel's law 费利尔定律ferricrete 铁质壳ferruginous soil 铁质土；富铁土fertility (1)肥力，(2)生育力，(3)出生率fertilizer 肥料fetch 吹程；浪程field boundary 农田边界field capacity (field moisture capacity) 田间持水量field crop 杂粮；大田作物field investigation 实地调查field moisture capacity (foeld capacity) 田间持水量field observation 实地观察；野外观察field of view 视野；视场field reconnaissance 实地查勘；野外查勘；实地初测；野外初测field size 农地面积field sketching 实地描绘；野外描绘field study 实地考察；野外考察field survey 实地调查；野外调查filtration 过滤financial centre 金融中心fine texture soil 幼质地土壤fine-grained rock 幼粒岩石finger lake 指状湖finished product 制成品finite population 有限总体fiord (fjord) 峡湾firebreak 隔火路firn (neve) 粒雪；永久积翮；永久冰雪fish pond 鱼塘fishing ground 渔场fissure eruption 裂缝喷发fixed cost 固定成本fixed dune 固定沙丘fjord (fiord) 峡湾flash flood 洪滥；山洪暴发flat rock 平岩flatted factory 分层工厂大厦flat-topped hill 平顶山floating dock 浮坞floating population (1)浮动人口，(2)水上人口flocculation 絮凝〔作用〕flood (1)泛滥，(2)洪水flood abatement 消洪；灭洪flood alleviation 缓洪flood control 防洪；洪水控制flood crest (peak) 洪峰flood damage 洪〔水灾〕flood detention 滞洪flood discharge 洪水流量flood diversion 分洪flood duration (period) 汛期；洪水期flood forecasting (prediction) 洪水预报flood frequency 洪水频率flood hazard 洪患flood hydrograph 洪水过程线flood insurance 洪水保险flood irrigation 漫灌；淹灌flood level 洪水位flood peak (crest) 洪峰flood period (duaration) 汛期；洪水期flood prediction (forecasting) 洪水预报flood proofing 防洪flood protection 防洪；防汛flood regulation 洪水调节flood relief channel (floodway) 分洪道flood season 洪水季；汛期flood stage 洪水位flood storage 蓄洪flood wall 防洪墙flood warning 洪水警报flooding routing 洪水演算flooding wave 洪水波floodplain 泛滥平原floodplain management 泛滥平原管理floodway (flood relief channel) 分洪道flora 植物群；植物区系flow chart 流程图flow diagram 流程图flow line 流向线flow of energy 能量流动flow of resources 资源流动flow of structure 流状构造flow-line map 流向线图fluvial deposit 河流沉积物fluvial landform 河流地貌；河流地形fluvial morphology 河流形态fluvial process 河流作用fluviological deposit 冰水沉积物focal point 汇点；焦点focal region 汇点区fodder crop 饲料作物foehn (fohn) 焚风fog 雾fog drip 雾滴fohn (foehn) 焚风fold 褶曲；褶皱fold mountain 褶曲山；褶皱山folding 褶曲〔作用〕foliated structure 菊状结构food chain 食物链food crop 粮食作物food processing industry 食品加工业food web 食物网foodhill settlement 山麓聚落footloose industry 无导向工业；随意区位工业forced migration 强迫迁移foreground 前景foreland 前地foreshock 前震foreshore 前滩forest 森林；树林forest floor (1)林地，(2)林床；林地被覆物forest reserve 护林区forestry 林业form ratio 宽深比（河流）forward bearing 向前方位fossil 化石fossil oil 化石燃料fracture zone 裂缝带fragment 碎屑free face 崖壁；直坡free-market economy 自由市场经济freeze-thaw action 冻融作用freezing 结冰freezing level 结冰高度freight rate 运费率；运价frequency 频数；频率；次数frequency distribution 频率分布frequency polygon 频数多边形；频率多边形fresh rock 新鲜岩石friable rock 酥炸土friction 摩擦；阻力friction of distance 路程阻力frictional drag (resistance) 摩擦曳力；摩擦阻力frictional layer 摩擦层frictional resistance (drag) 摩擦阻力；摩擦曳力frigid zone 寒带fringing reef 岸礁；边礁；裙焦front 锋frontal fog 锋面雾frontal precipitation 锋面降水frontal rain 锋面雨frontogenesis 锋生〔作用〕/frost 霜frost action (frost shattering) 冻裂〔作用〕frost wedging 冻楔作用frost-free days (period) 无霜期fruit gathering 野果采摘fuel 燃料fumarole 喷气孔fume 烟function 功能functional classification 功能分类functional hierarchy 功能层系functional segregation 功能分化functional specialization 功能专门店functional unit 功能单位functional zone 功能区fungicide 杀真菌剂fungus 真菌furrow irrigation 沟灌gabbro 辉长岩galaxy 星系gale 大风；烈风gallery forest 走廊林gap 山峡gap town 峡口城市garden city 花园城市garment industry 制衣业；成衣业gaseous waste 气体废料gauging station 测水站；水文测量站gelifaction 胶凝〔作用〕genetics 遗传学gentle slope 缓坡geo 海蚀隙geochemical cycle 地球化学循环geographical (true) north 正北geographical inertia 地理惯性geographical information system (GIS) 地理信息系统geologic (geological) time scale 地质年〔代〕geological age 地质年代geology 地质学geometric distribution 几何分布geometric progression 几何等级geostrophic wind 地转风geosyncline 地槽geothermal power 地热能geyser 间歇喷泉ghetto 〔城市中〕gill netting 刺网法glacial deposit (drift) 冰川沉积物；冰碛glacial landform 冰川地貌；冰川地形glacial plain 冰成平原glacial recession (retreat) 冰川后退glacial snout 冰川鼻；冰川前端glacial till (till) 冰川沉积物；冰碛物glacial trought 冰川槽glaciated valley 冰川谷glaciation 冰川作用glacier 冰川；冰河glaciofluvial deposit 冰水沉积；冰河沉积；冰川沉积gleization (gleying) 潜育〔作用〕gley soil 潜育土gleying (gleization) 潜育〔作用〕global circulation 全球环流global warming 全球增温globe 地球仪gneiss 片麻岩Gondwanaland 冈瓦那古陆gorge 峡谷gour (mushroom rock, pedestral rock) 菌状石；风蚀柱graben (rift valley) 地堑；裂谷grade (1)均夷，(2)粒级，(3)等级，(4)地度graded profile 均衡剖面gradient 坡度gradient wind 梯度风grain diameter 粒径grain elevator 谷物仓库granite 花岗岩granular distintegration 粒状崩解granule 团粒；颗粒graph 图表graphical interpretation 图表阐析graphical representation 图示；以图样表达grassland (1)草原，(2)草地gravel 砂砾gravity 重力；地心吸力gravity flow 重力水流gravity model 引力模式；重力模式grazing 放牧great circle 大图圈green area 绿化地区green belt 绿化带green manure 绿肥green philosophy 绿色哲学Green Revolution 绿色革命greenhouse effect 温室气体Greenwich (Prime) meridian 本初子午线grey desert soil 灰钙土grey desert steppe soil 灰色荒漠草原土grey-brown desert soil 灰棕色荒漠土grey-brown forest soil 灰棕色森林土grid 〔方〕grid line 格网线；图网线grid method 格网法；图网法grid north 格网北；图网北grid pattern 格网状grid reference 格网坐标；图网坐标grid road pattern 格网状道路型式grid square 格网方格；图网方格gridiron method 方格法grike 〔岩〕grinding 研磨作用gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值；本地生产总值gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值gross national product (GNP) per capita 人均国民生产总值gross primary production 总第一级生产量；总初级生产量gross raw material 毛量原料ground moraine 底碛ground photograph 地面照片ground radiation 地面幅射ground water 地下水ground water recharge 地下水补给groundmass 基质grouped data 分组数据；分组资料；分类数据；分类资料growing season 生长期growth centre 成长中心growth form 生长型groyne 海堤guard cell 保卫细胞gully 冲沟gully control 沟蚀防治gully erosion (gullying) 冲沟侵蚀；沟蚀gust 阵风gypsum 石膏habitat 生境hachuring 晕滃法Hadley cell 哈得来环流圈haematite (hematite) 赤铁矿hail 雹hailstone 雹块hailstorm 雹暴halo 晕；日晕halomorphic soil 盐成土halophilous plant (halophyte) 盐生植物hamada (hammade, rocky desert) 石〔质荒〕hamlet 小村庄hammade (hammade, rocky desert) 石〔质荒〕hand specimen 手标本handicraft industry 手工业hanging glacier 悬冰川hanging valley 悬谷hardness 硬度hardpan 硬盘hardwood 硬木Harris & Ullman's Multi-Nuclei Model 哈里期和乌尔复核心模式harvest 收成；收获haulage 运费hazard 灾害；公害haze 霾head of navigation 通航终点headland 岬headwater erosion 向源侵蚀；溯源侵蚀headwater erosion 源头heat (thermal) capacity 热容量heat (thermal) pollution 热污染heat absorption 热吸收heat balance 热量平衡heat budget 热量收支heat island 热岛heat release 放热heat transfer 热量输送heat wave 热浪heath 荒原heavy industry 重工业heavy metal 重金属heavy soil 黏重土〔壤〕hectare 公顷hectopascal (hPa) 百帕斯卡hematite (haematite) 赤铁矿herb 草本植物herbicide 除草剂；除莠剂herbivore 食草动物Hercynian mountain-building movement 海西造山运动herding 畜牧hertz 赫（频率单位）heterogeneous 异类；异质heterotroph 异养生物hierarchy 层系；阶层high class residential zone 高等阶层住宅区；高尚住宅区high density development 高密度发展high order function 高级功能high order goods 高档商品high pressure area 高压区high pressure system 高压系统high technology 高科技high tide 高潮；满潮highland climate 高山气候high-order manufacturing 高级工业high-rise building 高建楼宇high-rise development 高建发展high-water mark 高潮线；高水位线highway transport 公路运输hill-shading 晕渲法；阴影法hinterland 腹地histogram 直方图historical factor 历史因素historical inertia 历史惯性histosol 有机土；泥灰土；沼泽土hoar frost 白霜hobby-farmer 业余农民Holocene epoch 全新世Home Ownership Scheme 居者有其屋计划homeostasis 自动平衡；体内平衡homestead 家园；田园；宅地homogeneous 同类；同质honeycomb weathering 蜂窝状风化〔作用〕horizantal integration 水平式合拼；横向合并；横向联合horizantal linkage (lateral linkage) 水平式联系；横向联系horizon (1)地平线，(2)土层horizontal distance (equivalent) 水平距离horizontal scale 水平比例〔尺〕horn (pyramidal peak) 角峰horse latitudes 亚热带无风带horst 地垒horticulture 园艺〔业〕host 寄主hot desert 热带荒漠；热带沙漠hot spring 温泉household 户；户口housing estate 屋housing problem 房屋问题Hoyt's Sector Theory 霍伊特楔形模式；霍伊特扇形模式human adjustment 人为调节；人为调节的行动humic acid 腐殖酸humid climate 湿润气候humidity 湿度humification 腐殖质化〔作用〕humus 腐殖质hurricane 飓风hybrid 杂种hydration 水化〔作用〕hydraulic action 水力作用hydraulic head 〔压力〕hydraulic radius 水力半径hydridaisation 杂交；杂化hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物hydro-electric power 水力发电hydrograph 水文过程线hydrological (water) cycle 水分循环hydrology 水文学hydrolysis 水解〔作用〕hydromorphic soil 水成土hydrophyte 水生植物hydrosphere 水圈；水界hygrometer 湿度计hygrophyte 湿生植物hygroscopic nuclei 吸湿核心hygroscopic water 浅成岩hypothesis 假设hypothesis testing 假设检验ice age 冰河时期；冰期ice cap 冰盖；冰冠ice cap climate 冰盖气候；冰冠气候ice crystal 冰晶；冰晶体ice nuclei 冰核ice sheet 冰原；冰盖iceberg 冰山ice-dammed lake 冰堰湖igneous activity 岩浆活动igneous rock 火成岩illiteracy rate 文盲率illuvial horizon 淀积层immature soil 未成年土immigrant 移民immigration 国外移入impended drainage 不良排水impermeable 不透水impermeable rock 不透水岩impervious rock 不透水岩import 进口import substitution 代替进口；进口取代in situ 原位incineration 焚化；焚烧incised meander 深切曲流inclination of the earth's axis 地轴倾斜度independent variable 自变量；自变数index 指数；指标indicator species 指示物种indigenous population 土著indigenous species 本地品种induced earthquake 诱发地震industrial activity 工业活动industrial agglomeration 工业集聚industrial area 工业区industrial base 工业基地industrial chain 工业链锁industrial development 工业发展industrial dispersion 工业离散industrial district 工业区industrial estate 工业industrial growth 工业增加industrial inertia 工业惯性industrial land use 工业土地利用industrial landscape 工业景观industrial linkage 工业联系industrial location 工业区位industrial pattern 工业型式industrial population 工业人口industrial relocation 工业区位转移Industrial Revolution 工业革命industrial sector 工业部门；工业部份industrial shift 工业转移industrial sururb 市效工业区industrial waste 工业废料industrial zone 工业区industrialization 工业化industry (1)工业，(2)行业infant mortality rate 婴儿死亡率infanticide 杀婴infiltration rate 下渗率；渗润率infinite population 无限总体inflation 通货膨胀inflitration 下渗〔作用〕/informal recreational activities 非形式化康乐活动infrared radiation 红外线幅射infrastructure 基本建设；基本设施inland drainage 内陆水系inland port 内陆港inlet 小湾in-migration 国内人口迁移；向内人口迁移inner city 内城区inner city decay 内城衰落inorhanic pollutant 无机污染物input 投入；输入insecticide 杀虫剂inselberg 岛山；残丘inshore fishing 近岸捕鱼insolation 日射instability 不稳定〔状态〕institutional factor 制度因素institutional influence 制度影响institutional land use 社团土地利用instrusion 侵入instrusive rock 侵入岩instrusive vulcanicity 侵入火山活动integrated iron and steel works 钢铁联合企业intensity of development 发展密度intensity of rainfall 降雨强度intensive farming 精耕法；集约式农业interception (1)截留，(2)截取intercropping 间种〔法〕interdependence 相互依赖interflow 间层流；表层流interlocking spur 交错山咀intermediate technology 中等科技intermittent stream 间竭河流；断续河流；季节河流intermontance basin 山间盆地internal force 内〔营〕internal migration 国内迁移；境内迁移internal structure of city 城市内部结构International Date Line 国际日期〔变更〕interpolation 插值〔法〕interquartile range 四分位数间距interrelationship 相互关系interrupted stream 中断河Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) 热带幅合带inter-tropical front 热带锋inter-urban interaction 城市间相互作用inter-urban migration 城市间人口迁移interviewing 访问intervisibility 互见度intra-urban interaction 市内相互作用intra-urban migration 市内人口迁移intra-urban mobility 市内流动intra-urban transport 市内运输intrazonal soil 隐域土invasion 〔植物〕inversion layer 逆温层investment 投资ionisation 电离〔作用〕iron and steel industry 钢铁业irregular (uneven) slope 不均匀坡irrigation 灌溉irrigation canal 灌溉渠island arc 岛弧isobar 等压线isobaric surface 等压面isodapane 等总运费线isohyet 等雨量线isolated state 孤立国isoline (isopleth) 等值线isoline map 等值线地图isopleth 等值线isoseismal line 等震线isostasy 地壳均衡isostatic adjustment 〔地壳〕isotherm 等温线isotim 等运费线isthmus 地峡jet stream 射流；〔对流层顶〕joint 节理joule 焦耳journey to school 上学旅程journey to shop 购物旅程journey to work 上班旅程Jurassic period 侏罗纪kame 冰砾阜kame terrace 冰砾阶地kaolin 高岭土karez 坎儿井karst region 岩溶地区；喀斯特地区katabatic wind 下坡风kettle (kettle hole) 锅穴key 图例kilojoule 千焦耳kinetic energy 动能knick point 裂点；节点knoll 圆丘knot (1)浬／小时；浬，(2)山结Koppen's climate classification 柯本气候分类〔法〕krasnozem 红壤K-value K值labour 劳力；劳动力；劳工labour mobility 劳工流动[性]labour resources 劳力资源labour-intensive industry 劳工密集工业labour-oriented industry 劳工导向工业laccolith 岩株; 岩盖lacustrine deposit 湖泊沉积lacustrine plain 湖成平原ladang 迁移农业; 移动性农业; 游耕(东南亚) lafe expectancy 预期寿命lagoon (1)舄湖, (2)气化塘laissez-faire policy 自由放任政策lake 湖泊laminar flow 层流; 片流land breze 陆风land extensive industry 广占土地工业land intensive industry 土地集约工业land pollution 陆地污染; 土地污染land reform 土地改革land rent 地租land subsidence 土地沉陷; 地陷; 地面沉降land tenure 土地占有制land use (utlization) 土地利用land use adjustment 土地利用调整land use classification 土地利用分类land use intensity 土地利用密度land use map 土地利用图land use pattern 土地利用型式land use survey 土地利用调查land use type 土地利用类型land use zone 土地用途区land use zoning 土地用途分区制land utilization (use) 土地利用land value 地价landfill 堆填区landform 地貌; 地形landlocked country 内地国家landlordism 地主所有制landmark 地界标志landmass 陆块land-ownership 土地拥有权landscape 景观landscape evaluation 景观评价landslide (landslip) 山泥倾泻; 山崩lapilli 火山砾lapse rate [温度]递减率;[温度]直减率large scale map 大比例[尺]地图latent heat 潜热lateral erosion 侧蚀; 旁蚀lateral linkage (horizontal linkage) 水平式联系; 横向联系lateral moraine 侧[冰]碛laterite 砖红壤laterization 砖红壤化[作用]latitude 纬度latitudinal extent 纬度相距; 纬线跨度latosol 砖红壤性土Laurasia 劳亚古陆lava 熔岩lava cone 熔岩锥lava dome 熔岩穹lava flow 熔岩流lava pleateau 熔岩高原layer colouring (tinting) 分层着色法leaching 淋溶[作用] ; 淋滤[作用]least cost 最低成本least-cost location 最低成本区位leeward slope 背风坡legend 图例; 图式leguminous crop 豆科作物less developed country 欠发达国家levee (natural dyke) 天然堤levee failure 崩堤; 决堤level of development 发展水平level crossing 平交道levelling (1)削平; 夷平[作用], (2)平整土地, (3)水准测量ley (1)临时性草地, (2)轮作草地ley crop 休闲期作物ley farming 休闲期耕作liana 藤本植物lichen 地衣life cycle 生命周期life form 生活型life table 生命表light industry 轻工业light intensity 光强度light soil 轻质土lightening 闪电lignite 褐煤limb of fold 褶曲翼lime 石灰lime accumulation 石灰累积[作用]limestone 石灰岩limiting factor 限制因素limon 黄土(欧洲)line (linear) scale 直线比例尺line fising (lining) 绳钓法line graph 线形图line of weakness 弱线line transect 横切线; 线状样条linear (line) scale 直线比例尺linear city 长形城市linear settlement 带状聚落lining (line fishing) 绳钓法linkage 联系lithosol 石质土lithosphere 岩石圈litter (1)枯枝落叶; 枯死地被物, (2)垃圾littoral zone 滨海带; 海岸带livestock rearing 畜养[业] ; 饲养[业] ; 畜牧[业] livestock waste collection 禽畜废物收集load 搬运物; 负载物loam 壤土loamy sand 壤质沙土local wind 地方性风; 本地风locality 地点location 区位locational analysis 区位分析locational factor 区位因素locational pattern 区位型式locational quotient 区位商数locational rent 区位租locational requirment 区位需求locational triangle 区位三角形lock 船闸; 水闸lode 矿脉loess 黄土log graph 对数图logarithm 对数logging 伐木long (longitudinal)profile 纵剖面long lining 延绳[钓]法long term planning 长期规划long wave 长波long=range forecasting 长期预报longitude 经度longitudinal (concordant)coast 顺向海岸; 纵式淤岸longitudinal (long) profile 纵剖面longitudinal dune 纵向沙丘longitudinal extent 经度相距; 经线跨度longitudinal wave 纵波longshore drift 沿岸漂移Lorenz curve 罗兰氏曲线low class residential zone 低等阶层住宅区low density development 低密度发展low order function 低级功能low order goods 低级商品low pressure area 低压区low pressure system 低压系统low technology 低科技low tide 低潮lower class limit 组下限lower course 下游lower-income group 较低收入组别lowland 低地low-order manufacturing 初级工业low-rise development 低建发展low-water mark 低潮线; 低水位线lumbering 伐木[业]macronutrient 主要营养素magma 岩浆magnetic declination (variation) 磁偏角magnetic north 磁北magnetic variation (declination) 磁偏角magnitude 强度main stream 干流mallee scrub 桉树灌丛（澳洲）malnutrition 营养不良Malthusian theory 马尔萨斯〔人口〕mangrove 红树林man-land ratio 人地比率man-land relationship 人地关系man-made earthquake 人为地震manpower resources 人力资源mantle (1)地幔；(2)风化覆盖层mantle plume 地幔热柱manufactured goods 制成品manufacturing industry 制造业manure 粪肥map enlargement 地图放大〔法〕map extract 地图摘录map interpretation 地图阐释；地图判读map projection 地图投影map reading 地图阅读map reduction 地图缩小〔法〕map symbol 地图符号mapping 地图编绘；绘图marble 大理岩；大理石marginal cost 边际成本marginal land 边际用地；边际地marine (martime) climate 海洋〔性〕marine organism 海洋生物maritime (marine) climate 海洋〔性〕maritime air mass 海洋气团market area 市场区market gardening (truck farming) 园艺农业；蔬菜耕种market threshold 市场限值market town 墟镇marketing principle 市场原则market-oriented industry 市场导向工业marsh 沼泽；湿地mass movement (mass wastage, mass wasting) 块体移动；块体运动；物质坡移mass production 大量生产；大规模生产mass transit 集体运输mass wasting (mass movement, mass wastage) 块体运动；块体移动；物质坡移material index 原料指数matrix 〔矩〕mature soil 成年土maximum temperature 最高温度maximum thermometer 最高温度计meadow soil 草甸土mean 平均值mean annual temperature 年平均温度mean daily temperature 日平均温度mean deviation 平均差；平均偏差mean sea level 平均海平面meander 曲流；河曲measurement 量度mechanical (physical) weathering 机械性风化；物理性风化mechanically formed sedimentary rock 机械作用形成的沉积岩mechanization 机械化medial moraine 中〔冰〕median 中位数Mediterranean agriculture 地中海式农业Mediterranean climate 地中海〔式〕megahertz 兆赫（频率单位，千周／秋）megalopolis 大城市群区；巨大城市带；巨大都会带megathermal climate 高温气候melting pot 各种族融化地（美）meltwater 融水mental map 意象图mercury barometer 水银气压计meridian 子午线；经线merino sheep 麦兰奴种绵羊mesa 方山；平顶山mesophyte 中生植物mesothermal climate 中温气候Mesozoic era 中生代metabolism 代谢作用metamorphic rock 变质岩metamorphism 变质作用meteorology 气象学methane 甲烷；沼气metropolis 都会metropolitan area 都会区metropolitan primacy 大都会首市现象mica 云母microclimate 微气候；小气候microclimatic survey 微气候测量；小气候测量micron 微米micronutrient 微量营养素micro-organism 微生物microrelief 微地形microthermal climate 低温气候mid-Atlantic ridge 大西洋中脊middle course 中流middle-class residential zone 游中等阶层住宅区middle-income group 中等收入组别mid-latitude desert 中纬度荒漠；中纬度沙漠mid-latitude zone 中纬度地带midnight-sun 夜半太阳mid-oceanic ridge 大洋中脊mid-year population 年中人口migration 迁移migratory dune 流动沙丘milestone 里程碑Milky Way 银河millet (1)小米，(2)狗尾草属植物millibar 亳巴million city 百万人口城市Minamate disease 水鈱病（日）；甲基汞中毒mineral 矿物mineral resources 矿物资源mineral soil 矿物质土壤mineralization 矿化作用minimum temperature 最低温度minimum thermometer 最低温度计mining 采矿minority group 少数群minority race 少数民族Miocene epoch 中新世miracle rice 奇迹米misfit stream 不〔相〕mist 薄雾mistral 密史脱拉风（地中海北岸）mixed farming 混合农业mixed land use 混合土地利用mobile belt 活动带mobility 流动性modal class 众数组mode 众数mode of transport 运输方式model (1)模式，(2)模型moderately populated 中量人口密度Mohorovicic Discontinuity (Moho) 莫霍〔洛维奇〕moisture 水分；湿气；水汽molasse (1)磨砾石，(2)稠糖浆mollisol 软土molten rock 熔岩monadnock 残丘monitoring 监测；监察monoculture 单一作物种monopoly 独占；垄断；专卖monsoon 季〔候〕monsoon climate 季风气候monsoon forest 季风林montane (mountain) forest 高山树林mor 粗腐殖质；酸性有机质moraine 冰碛moraine-dammed lake 冰碛堰塞湖more developed country 较发达国家mortality rate 死亡率moss 藓motor-car industry 汽车制造业mottled zone 斑纹带mountain 高山mountain (montane) forest 高山树林mountain arc 山弧mountain barrier 高山屏障mountain breeze (wind) 山风mountain building 造山运动mountain climate 高山气候mountain range 山脉mountain root 山根mountain wind (breeze) 山风mud-flat 泥滩mudflow 泥流mudstone 泥岩mulch 覆盖物mull 细腐殖质multi-function city 多功能城市multinational enterprise 跨国企业multiple cropping 复种；多造耕作multiple nuclei model 多核心模式multiplier effect 乘数效应multi-purpose scheme 多目标计划；多用途计划multi-purpose trip 多目标旅程multi-storey building 多层建筑物municipality 〔直辖〕mushroom rock (gour, pedestal rock) 菌状石；风蚀柱nappe 逆掩褶曲；推覆体national primacy 国家性首市现象nationality 国籍natural arch 天然拱natural disaster 自然灾害natural dyke (levee) 天然堤natural ecosystem 自然生态系统natural environment 自然环境natural harbour 天然港natural hazard 自然灾害natural increase 自然增长natural landscape 自然景观natural resources 自然资源natural selection 自然选择natural system 自然系统natural vegetation 自然植被nature conservation 自然保护nature reserve 自然保护区nature trail 自然教育径nearest neighbour analysis 最近邻分析negative correlation 负相关negative feedback 负反馈negative population growth 负人口增长negative relationship 负关系；负相关negative skewness 负偏态neighbourhood shopping centre 邻近购物中心neo-natal mortality rate 新生婴儿死亡率nesting 镶嵌net migration 净移民〔量〕net primary production 净第一级生产量；净初级生产量net solar radiation 净太阳辐射net terrestrial radiation 净地面辐射network 网；网络neve (firn) 粒雪；永久积雪；永久冰雪new town 新市镇niche (1)雪，(2)小生境nimbostratus 雨层云nimbus 雨云nitric acid 硝酸nitrification 硝化作用nitrogen cycle 氮循环nitrogen fixation 固氮作用nitrogen-fixing bacteria 硝化细菌nocturnal cooling 夜间冷却nodal city 中心市nodal region 核心区node 集点nodule 球；结核noise barriers 隔音板noise pollution 噪音污染nomadic herding 游牧业nominal scale 名目分类non-basic sector 非基础部门non-biodegradable 不能生物降解non-renewable resources 非再生资源norm 规范；标准；常模normal curve 正态〔分布〕normal distribution 正态分布；常态分布normal fault 正断层normal lapse rate 正常〔温度〕North Pole 北极northeast trades 东北信风northern hemisphere 北半球northing 北行线notch 〔海蚀〕nourishment 营养物nuclear energy 核能nuclear family 核心家庭nuclear fission 核分裂；核裂变nuclear fusion 核聚变nuclear pollution 核〔能〕nuclear power 核动力nuclear power plant 核电厂nuclear reactor 核反应堆nucleated pattern 核心型式nucleated settlement 核心聚落nucleation 聚集null hypothesis 虚假设nullah 渠number line 数线nutrient 养分nutrient cycling 养分循环nutrient enrichment 养分富集oasis 绿洲；沃洲oasis farming 绿洲农业；沃洲农业oblique aerial photograph 倾斜航空照片；倾斜空中照片obsequent stream 逆向河occluded front 锢囚锋occlusion 锢囚〔作用〕occupational structure 职业结构ocean 海洋ocean basin 海洋盆地ocean current 洋流ocean trench 海沟oceanic (marine) climate 海洋〔性〕oceanic circulation 海洋环流oceanic crust 大洋地壳oceanic plate 海洋板块offensive trade 厌恶性行业offshore bar 滨外沙洲offshore fishing 深海捕鱼；远洋捕鱼作业offshore wind 离岸风oil derrick 油井架；钻井高塔oil refinery 炼油厂oil rig 钻油平台oil spill 〔海上〕oil trap 油圈闭；油捕〔区〕oilfield 油田oil-shale 油页岩old fold mountain 古褶曲山脉；古褶皱山脉Oligocene epoch 渐新世omnivore 杂食动物onshore wind 向岸风open space 空旷地；游息用地open system 开放系统opencast mining 露天开采法opportunity cost 机会成optimal choice 本最佳选择optimal location 最优区位optimiser 争取最适宜情况者optimum condition 最适宜情况；最佳条件optimum population 适度人口orbit 轨道order (1)序；次序，(2)阶；级ordinal scale 等级分类Ordovician period 奥陶纪ore 矿；矿石organic matter 有机质organic pollutant 有机污染物organic soil 有机〔质〕organic weathering 有机性风化organically formed sedimentart rock 生物作用形成的沉积岩organism 生物体；有机体orienteering 野外定向orienteering compass 定向罗盘orogenesis (orogeny) 造山作用orogeny (orogenesis) 造山作用orographic (relief) rain 地形雨orographic uplift 地形抬升outback 内陆（澳洲）outcrop 〔岩石〕outlying business district 外围商业发展区out-migration 向外迁移output (1)产出；(2)产量outwash deposit 冰水沉积物outwash plain 冰水沉积平原overburden 覆盖层overcast 天阴。

地理专业词汇英语翻译(27)geodetic satellite 测地卫星geodetic survey 大地测量geodetic zenith 大地天顶geodetics 测地学geodimeter 光电测距仪geodynamics 地球动力学geoenergetic theory 地球能量论geoflexure 地球褶皱geognosy 地球构造学geographic azimuth 地理方位角geographic coordinate net 地理坐标格网geographic coordinate values 地理坐标值geographic coordinates 地理坐标geographic cycle 地理循环geographic data 地理资料geographic data base 地理资料库geographic data handling 地理数据外理geographic elements 地理要素geographic information 地理信息geographic information system 地理信息系统geographic latitude 地理纬度geographic longitude 地理经度geographic meridian 地理子午线geographic name 地理名称geographic network 地理坐标网geographic north 地理北geographic pathology 地理病理学geographical components 地理成分geographical distribution 地理分布geographical environment 地理环境geographical information system 地理信息系统geographical isolation 地理隔离geographical landscape 地理景观geographical map 地图geographical position 地理位置geographical variation 地理变异geographical vicariad 地理的替代种geographical zonality 地理地带性geographical zonation 地理地带性geographical zone 地理带geography 地理学geohistory 地史学geohydrology 水文地质学geoid 地球体geoidal height 大地水准面高geoisotherm 等地温线geologic barometer 地质压力计geologic column 地质柱状图geologic map 地质图geologic time scale 地质年代表geological aerosurvey 地质航空勘测geological age 地质时代geological column map 地质柱状地图geological cycle 地质回旋geological environment 地质环境geological formation 地质建造geological map of bed rocks 基岩地质图geological profile 地质剖面geological remote sensing 地质遥感geological reserves 地质储量geological structure 地质构造geology 地质学geomagnetic axis 地磁轴geomagnetic latitude 地磁纬度geomagnetic pole 地磁极geomagnetic reversal 地磁反向geomagnetism 地磁geometer 测地仪geometric correction 几何校正geometric distortion 几何畸变geometric generalization 几何综合geometric mean 几何平均geomicrobiological prospecting 地球微生物探矿geomicrobiology 地球微生物学geominating capacity 发芽能力geomorphic contrasts 地貌衬度geomorphic history 地貌发展史geomorphic levels 地貌水准面geomorphologic agent 地貌营力geomorphologic map 地形图geomorphological profile 地貌剖面geomorphological regionalisation 地貌的区域化geomorphology 地形学geonomics 经济地理学geony 地原学geophagia 食土癖geophagy 食土癖geophone 地震检波器geophotogrammetry 地面摄影测量术geophysical prospecting 地球物理勘探geophysics 地球物理学geophysiography 地球学geophyte 地下芽植物geophytes 地下芽植物geopotential 重力势geoscopy 测地学geospheres 陆圈geostationary meteorological satellite 地球静止气象卫星geostationary meteorological satellite system 地球静止气象卫星系统geostationary operational environmental satellite 同步环境实用卫星geostationary orbit 地球静止轨道geostationary satellite 地球静止卫星geostratigraphy 全球地层学geostrophic current 地转风气流geostrophic wind 地转风geosuture 地缝合线geosynclinal area 地槽区geosynclinal belt 地槽带geosynclinal system 地槽系geosyncline 地槽geotechnical system 地质工学系geotechnics 土工学geotechnological regionalization 地学工程技术区划geotectonic geology 大地构造地质学geotectonic map 大地构造图geotectonics 构造地质学geotecture 大地构造geothermal gradient 地温梯度geothermal remote sensing 地热遥感geothermal well 地热井坑geothermy 地热geotropism 向地性germ 萌芽german measles 风疹germanium 锗germicide 杀菌剂germinating ability 发芽能力germination 发芽geyser 间歇泉geyserite 硅华ghost echo 回波giant's kettle 瓯穴giantism 巨人症gibbsite 三水铝矿gigantism 巨人症gilgai 粘土小洼地gismondite 多水高岭土glacial 冰河的glacial amphitheater 粒雪盆glacial anticyclone 冰原反气旋glacial cycle 冰川旋回glacial denudation 冰蚀glacial deposit 冰川沉积glacial erosion 冰蚀glacial erosion cycle 冰蚀轮回glacial erosion lake 冰蚀湖glacial flora 冰川植物群glacial forms of relief 冰川地形glacial geology 冰川地质学glacial lake 冰川湖glacial moulin 冰川磨glacial period 冰纪glacial polish 冰川磨片glacial pot hole 冰川穴glacial scratches 冰川擦痕glacial stage 冰川期glacial stairway 冰蚀谷阶梯glacial steps 冰蚀谷阶梯glacial stream 冰河glacial stria 冰川擦痕glacial till 冰碛物glacial trough 冰川槽glacial valley 冰蚀谷。