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Lesson 6212-05-2013control n 控制smoke n 烟desolate adj 荒凉的threaten v 威胁surrounding adj 周围的destruction n 破坏，毁坏flood n 洪水，水灾anthority n （常用复数）当局grass-seed n 草籽spray v 喷撒quantity n 量root n 根century n 世纪patch n 小片blacken v 变黑，发暗control 1n 控制，管理control of sb/sth control over sb/sth children who lack parental control 缺乏父母管教的孩子egHe got so angry that he lost control of himself. 他气的无法自制。
（so …that…如此…以至于..)be in control of sth = in charge of 指挥/控制或管理…egWho is in control of the plan? 谁负责这个计划呢？bring sth under control=get sth under control 控制住某事be under control 某事在控制之中egThe fire has been brought under control. 火势已受到控制。
egDon`t warry. Everything is under control.别着急，一切在控制之中。
be out of control / get out of control 失去控制egThe children were out of the control .管不住这些孩子们了。
egThe fire was out of the control.大火失去控制了。
2vt 管理，控制，操纵，支配control sb 控制某人control sth 控制某事control prices 控制价格control traffic 管理交通egI cannot control my emotions./ I cannot control my feelings.我无法控制自己的感情。
Lesson62 After the fire讲义重点一、重要单词control：n. 控制;重要短语：in control在控制之内；under control 在控制之下；get out of control失控;smoke: n. 烟(雾); v. 吸烟;smokey :adj. 多烟的(名词加-y, 变为形容词); heavy smoker 烟瘾重的人; nonsmoker不抽烟的人desolate: adj. 荒凉的；极度孤独的(与人相连时)lonely: adj. 孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的(与地方连表示孤零零的，但并不表示无人居住)threaten: v. 威胁的; threaten sb. with sth:以……来威胁/恐吓某人; The thief threatened him with a knife.小偷用一把刀威胁他。
Surrounding：adj. 周围的；Surroundings：n. 环境(在周边的事物) destruction：n. 破坏, 毁灭; destructive: adj. 毁灭性的;construct: v. 建设(为……创造更好的条件);construction n.建设,建筑; constructive: adj. 建设性的(意见); authority: n. 当局;n. 权威;spray: v. 喷撒spray sth. over/on 往……上喷洒;quantity n. (数)量quantities of 大量的……;注意区分：quality :n. 质量blacken：v. 变黑，发暗;-en后缀表示动词，译为“使……变得……”weak adj. 虚弱的—> weaken v. 使……变弱，削弱.二、重要知识点1. Heavy rain wouldnot only wash away the soil but wouldcause serious floods as well.大雨不仅会冲走土壤，而且还会引起严重的水灾。
Lesson 62 After the fire【New words and expressions】（15）★control n. 控制in control 在控制之内under control 在控制之下,被控制out of control 失控control<v.> sth.I can control it. =I can manage it. 我能对付(口语)under arrest <n.> 被逮捕★smoke n. 烟（雾）smoke v. 吸烟smokey adj. 多烟的（名词加-y, 变为形容词）smokey area 吸烟区nonsmokey area 禁烟区rain – rainy ；cloud - cloudysmoker n. 抽烟的人heavy smoker 烟瘾重的人nonsmoker不抽烟的人Don't smoke! = No smoking!He smoked heavily.smoking area / smoking room 吸烟室smoking apartment 火车上的吸烟车厢cigarette = cigar n. 香烟★desolate adj. 荒凉的（与地方相连，表示无人居住, 荒无人烟的）；极度孤独的(与人相连时)lonely adj. 孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的（与地方连表示孤零零的，但并不表示无人居住）★threaten v. 威胁的threaten to do sth. 威胁着要做……（与人相连）；有迹象表明……It threatened to rain. 有迹象表明天要下雨了。
threaten sb. with sth. 以……来威胁/恐吓某人The thief threatened him with a knife.★surrounding adj. 周围的surroundings n. 环境(在周边的事物)atmosphere n. 大气层, 氛围(在周边的人文环境)★destruction n. 破坏, 毁灭destroy v. 破坏destructive adj. 毁灭性的construct v. 建设(为……创造更好的条件)construction n.建设,建筑construction bank 建设银行constructive adj. 建设性的(意见) build v. 建设(具体的建某物)★flood n. 洪水, 水灾flood = floods 都对，都可以用，无区别★authority n. 当局(常用复数authorities)authority n. 权威（单数）★spray v. 喷撒spray sth. over/on 往……上喷洒★quantity n. （数）量quantities of 大量的……quality n. 质量★root n. 根What is the root cause?根本原因是什么？root of… ……的根take root 生根come out 长出来shoot come out 发芽（shoot n. 芽）flower come out 开花get out 出去★patch n. 小片，颜色和周围不同的部分patch n. (平面上的)一片, 补丁(本意)What is that yellow patch on the wall? 墙上那块黄斑是什么？a patch of 一小片；patches of 许多片a piece of / a bit of / a sheet of 一片，一块……★blacken v. 变黑，发暗-en后缀表示动词，译为“使……变得……”weak adj. 虚弱的—> weaken v. 使……变弱，削弱复合词（由两个词组合而成一个词），如fireman派生词（加前缀或后缀的词）如-tion ——名词后缀；- less ——形容词后缀【课文讲解】1、Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.fight sth. 和……作搏斗get it under control表示“使它得到控制”，get有“使……处于某种状态”的含义，“get+宾语+介词短语”作宾补: Get the room in order.2、A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.a short time before和a short time ago都可以与段时间相连a short time before 不久以前，从过去某一点时间算起，一段时间以前a short time ago 过去某段时间，从现在算起，一段时间以前for miles around 方圆几英里（around表示“在周围，向四周”）3、Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. rise up (from) 升上来4、Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.winter was coming on 冬季即将来临(季节的来临的通用表达式)，come on的过去进行时形式表示的是过去将来时，它在这里表季节的“到来，来临”：wash away 冲掉，冲走，洗掉5、When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.put out 扑灭order 定购type 强调与其他同类的东西有明显不同的特征的种类，与kind有区别6、The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.quantity单数时仅表示“数量”，既可以用于表示多也可以用于表示少：They drank a large /great /small quantity of beer last night. quantity复数表“大量”：He bought books in (large) quantities.7、By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root.take root表示“生根”，也可表某处思想/想法等“扎根”：The idea has taken root in his mind.8、In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.in place of 替代，取代(只能指代位置、空间，原来放的东西现在不在了)Jane answered the phone in place of Mary.instead of 替代+没做的事Instead of staying home, I went to school. （此句就不能用“in place of”，而指地点空间时，既可以用“in place of”也可以用“instead of”。
新概念英语第二册课堂笔记：第62课lesson 62control n 控制smoke n 烟desolate adj 荒凉的threaten v 威胁的surrounding adj周围的destruction n 破坏，毁灭flood n 洪水，水灾authority n （常用复数）*grass-seed n 草籽spray v 喷撒quantity n 量root n 根century n 世纪patch n 小片blacken v 变黑，发暗control str （v）：控制i can control iti can manage it我能对付介词短语：in control：在控制之内under control：在控制之下out of control：失控arrest：逮捕under arrest：被逮捕smoke：（v）吸烟Don't smokeNo smokingcigarette,cigar：(n)香烟smoke：烟雾full of smoke名词加-y，变为形容词smokey：（a.）多烟的smokey area：吸烟区nonsmokey area：吸烟区heavy smoker：烟瘾重的人lonely：孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的desolate：荒凉的，极度孤独的desolate＋地方－－无人居住，荒无人烟的threaten to do：威胁着要做...threaten sb with sth：以什么来威胁某人it threatened to rain有迹象表明明天要下雨了surrounding：环境（在周边的事物）atmosphere：大气层，氛围（在周边的人文环境）destroy（v）：破坏destructive：毁灭性的construction：建设，建筑build：建设（具体的建某物）construct：建设（为...创造更好的条件）spray sth over/on往什么上喷洒spray water over/on flowerspray grass-seed over/on groundquality：质量quantity：数量sth with good qualityquantities of：大量的root of...的根what is the root cause？take root：升根come out：长出来shoot：芽。
新概念第二册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson61、62、63】【课文】First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What is the special importance of a telescope in space?The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20,1990 at a cost of over a billiondollars. Right from thestart there was trouble with the Hubble. The pictures it sent us were verydisappointing because its main mirror was faulty! NASA is now going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it. The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble. Arobot-arm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs. Of course, the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soonbe sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen. The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe. By thetime you read this, the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures.【课文翻译】哈勃望远镜于1990年4月20日由国家航空航天局发射升空，耗资10多亿美元。
新概念2册62课课文讲解Lesson 62 After the fire 大火之后1.Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before2. A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles4.Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villageswith destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but5.When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered6.The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除7.The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to8.By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root.9.In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries,短语：收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除把……控制住；从……向上升起；来临；大有……之势；冲走；扑灭；大量地；播种；到那时；在许多地方；扎根；代替big and large have the same meaning, but large is slightly more formal and more likely to be used in written than spoken English • a big lunch • a large houselarge,big,great这三个形容词的一般含义是物理量值方面的大，但并不总能互相换用。
Lesson 62: After the fire 大火之后First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was the danger to the villages after the fire?Firemen had been fighting the forest for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patchesof green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.New words and expressions 生词和短语1. control [k?n'tr?ul] n. 控制2. smoke [sm?uk]n. 烟3. desolate ['des?l?t, 'des?leit]adj. 荒凉的4. threaten['θret?n]v. 威胁5. surrounding [s?'raundi?]adj. 周围的6. destruction [di'str?k??n]n. 破坏，毁灭7. flood [fl?d] n. 洪水，水灾8. authority [?:'θ？r?ti]n. （常用复数）当局9. grass-seed ['gra:s'si:d] n. 草籽10.spray [sprei] v. 喷撒11.quantity ['kw?nt?ti]n. 量12.root [ru:t, rut]n. 根13.century ['sent?uri] n. 世纪14.patch [p?t?] n. 小片15.blacken ['bl?k?n] v. 变黑，发暗参考译文消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近3个星期才最后把火势控制住。
Lesson 62: After the fire 大火之后【Text】Firemen had been fighting the forest for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.【课文翻译】消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近3个星期才最后把火势控制住。
就在不久之前，参天大树还覆盖着方圆数英里的土地。
而现在，发热的地面上仍然升腾着烟雾，弥漫在荒凉的山丘上。
冬季即将来临，这些山丘对周围的村庄具有毁灭性的威胁，因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤，而且还会引起严重的水灾。
在大火最后被扑灭后，森林管理当局订购了好几吨一种生长迅速的特殊类型的草籽。
飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在地上。
飞机撒播近一个月后，开始下起雨来。
然而到那时，很多地方的草已经生了根。
一片片的绿草开始出现在这片烧焦的土地上，代替了多少世纪以来一直生长在那里的参天大树。
New words and expressions 生词和短语1. control [kən'trəul] n. 控制2. smoke [sməuk] n. 烟3. desolate ['desələt, 'desəleit] adj. 荒凉的4. threaten ['θretən] v. 威胁5. surrounding [sə'raundiŋ]adj. 周围的6. destruction [di'strʌkʃən] n. 破坏，毁灭7. flood [flʌd] n. 洪水，水灾8. authority [ɔ:'θɔrəti] n. （常用复数）当局9. grass-seed ['gra:s'si:d] n. 草籽10.spray [sprei] v. 喷撒11.quantity ['kwɔntəti] n. 量12.root [ru:t, rut] n. 根13.century ['sentʃuri] n. 世纪14.patch [pætʃ] n. 小片15.blacken ['blækən] v. 变黑，发暗【生词讲解】1. control [kən'trəul] n. 控制1）控制，管理control of sb./sth.control over sb./sth. 控制，支配children who lack parental control 缺乏父母管教的孩子eg. He got so angry that he lost control of himself.他气得无没自制。
be in control of sth. 指挥，管理或控制……(=in charge of) eg. Who is in control of (in charge of)the plan?谁负责这个计划？bring sth under control/get sth under control 控制住某事be under control 在控制之中eg. the fire has been brought under control.火势已受到控制。
eg. Don’t worry. Everything is under control.别担心，一切尽在控制之中。
be out of control / get out of control 失去控制eg. The children were out of control.管不住这些孩子。
eg. The fire was out of control大火失去了控制。
2) vt. 管理，控制，操纵，支配control sb./sth.control prices 操纵价格control traffic 管理交通eg. I can’t control my emotions/feelings.我不能控制自己的感情。
controller n. （尤指大机构中部门的）负责人2. smoke [sməuk] n. 烟1）n. 烟(vampor coming from sth. that is burning)have a smoke / enjoy a smoke 抽一支烟eg. There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪。
smoke-bomb 烟幕弹end up in smoke / go up in smoke（计划等）成泡影，化为乌有2）v. 吸烟eg. You can’t smoke in this place.你不能在这吸烟。
eg. He smoked a pipe.他吸烟斗。
eg. She smokes 20 cigarettes a day.他每天吸20支烟。
smoker 抽烟的人(可数)a heavy smoker/ a chain smoker烟抽的多的人3) v. 冒烟a smoking volcano 冒烟的火山eg. The chimney is ornamental and never smokes.这烟囱是用来装饰的，从来不冒烟。
3. desolate ['desələt, 'desəleit] adj. 荒凉的1）adj. 荒凉的，荒芜的(a place deserted or miserable)a desolate hill 荒凉的小山a desolate industrial area 工业废墟2）adj. （指人）凄凉无友的，孤凄的( lonely and sad, miserable)a desolate person; 一个凄凉的人a desolate life; 凄凉的一生eg. We all felt extremely desolate when she left.他离开时，我们都感到很凄凉3）v. [desəleit] 使……沦为废墟，使荒凉，使……悲伤绝望（尤用于被动语态）a city desolated by civil war 因内战而荒凉的城市a family desolated by the loss of a child 失去一个孩子而悲伤绝望的家庭desolation [u] n. 荒凉，破坏；凄凉，孤寂the desolation caused by war 战争引起的破坏desolately adv. 荒凉地4. threaten ['θretən] v. 威胁1）v. 恐吓，威胁threaten sb. with…以……恐吓（人）threaten an employee with dismissal 用解雇威胁一个员工threaten sb. with a gun 持枪威胁eg. The robber threatened me with a gun.歹徒持枪威胁我。
eg. The hills threaten the villages with destruction.山丘给村庄带来毁灭性的威胁。
threaten to do sth. 恐吓说要……eg. He threatened to make the photo public.他恐吓说要把照片公之于众。
2) v. threaten to do sth. 有……恶兆（似将发生不好的事情）（坏事）迫近eg. It theatens to snow.天要下雪了。
eg. A typhoon was threatening.台风迫近。
threat n. 恐吓，威胁an empty threat虚张声势Dutch defense（不是“荷兰人的防御”）虚张声势（英国人与荷兰人的17世纪海上竞争）eg. Terrorism is a threat to the entire human race.恐怖主义是对全人类的威胁。
under threat of punishment在处罚的威胁下（under后不加冠词）threatening adj. 恐吓的，威胁的5. surrounding [sə'raundiŋ]adj. 周围的surround v. 围绕，包围，围住eg. Troops have surrounded the town.军队包围了这座城市。
eg. He like to surround himself with beauties.他喜欢泡在脂粉堆里。
eg. The wall surrounds the jail.= The jail is surrounded with the wall.= The jail is surrounded by the wall.监狱被围墙围着。
