Unit 4 Migratory Birds and Coffee
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英语专业泛读考试单词
泛读 1 unit2 fool's paradiseTake for grant 而不把、、、当回事convince [kən'vins]vt. 说服；使确信，使信服[ 过去式convinced 过去分词convinced 现在分词convincing ]consult [kɔn'sʌlt, 'kɔnsʌlt]vt. 查阅；商量；向…请教vi. 请教；商议；当顾问light up照亮；点亮arrangement [ə'reindʒmənt]n. 布置；整理；准备laden with充满，载满ravenously ['rævənəsli]adv. 贪婪的；渴望的；大嚼地dwelling ['dweliŋ]n. 住处；寓所v. 居住（dwell的现在分词）mourning ['mɔ:niŋ, 'məun-]n. 哀痛；服丧v. 哀伤；为…哀悼（mourn的ing形式）beside oneself极度兴奋；发狂Unit3 young william shakespeareorchard ['ɔ:tʃəd]n. 果园；果树林enraged [inreidg]adj. 暴怒的；忿怒填胸的v. 使发怒；触怒（enrage的过去分词）diligent ['dilidʒənt]adj. 勤勉的；用功的，费尽心血的expedition [,ekspi'diʃən]n. 远征；探险队；迅速monotonous [mə'nɔtənəs]adj. 单调的，无抑扬顿挫的；无变化的insignificant [,insig'nifikənt]adj. 无关紧要的significant [sig'nifikənt]adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的n. 象征；有意义的事物[ 比较级more significant 最高级most significant ]Do costumesversatile ['və:sətail]adj. 多才多艺的；通用的，万能的；多面手的rehearsal [ri'hə:səl]n. 排演；预演；练习；训练；叙述Unit 4 migratory birds and coffeesanctuary ['sæŋktju'ri, -tʃuə-]n. 避难所；至圣所；耶路撒冷的神殿[ 复数sanctuaries ]habitatsn. 栖息地；（动植物的）产地（habitat的复数形式）canopy ['kænəpi]n. 天篷；华盖；遮篷；苍穹vt. 用天蓬遮盖；遮盖[ 复数canopies 过去式canopied 去分词canopied 现在分词canopying ]convert [kən'və:t]vt. 使转变；转换…；使…改变信仰vi. 转变，变换；皈依；改变信仰n. 皈依者；改变宗教信仰者compatible [kəm'pætəbl]adj. 兼容的；能共处的；可并立的compatible withadj. 与……和谐相处；与……相配的amphibian [æm'fibiən]n. 两栖动物；水陆两用飞机；具有双重性格的人adj. 两栖类的；水陆两用的；具有双重性格的safeguarding ['seifga:dŋ]n. 安全防护；安全措施v. 保护（safeguard的ing形式）；保卫deliberate [di'libərət]adj. 故意的；深思熟虑的；从容的vt. 仔细考虑；商议[ 过去式deliberated 过去分词deliberated 现在分词deliberating ]temperate ['tempərit]adj. 温和的；适度的；有节制的[ 比较级more temperate 最高级most temperate ]Unit 6 the call of the wildgrowl [ɡraul]vi. 咆哮着说vt. 咆哮；（雷电，炮等）轰鸣n. 咆哮声；吠声；不平let go松手；放手松手；放开；放掉，释放；使射出，(自愿)放弃，忽略；忘记，断裂，解雇，无拘无束crash [kræʃ]n. 碰撞；崩溃；坠落vt. 坠落；破碎；撞碎vi. 碰撞；坠毁；闯；突然倒台adj. 速成的[ 第三人称单数crashes 过去式crashed 过去分词crashed 现在分词crashing ]broken ['brəukən]adj. 破碎的；坏掉的v. 折断；打碎；损坏（break的过去分词）obey [əu'bei]vt. 服从，听从；按照……行动vi. 服从，顺从；听话notice ['nəutis]n. 通知，布告；注意；公告vt. 通知；注意到；留心vi. 引起注意[ 过去式noticed 过去分词noticed 现在分词noticing ]chase away赶走；驱逐throw oneself at向…猛扑过去；拼命讨好disappear [,disə'piə]vi. 消失；失踪；不复存在vt. 使…不存在；使…消失Unit 9 techniques that might smile upon mona lisaintersect [,intə'sekt]vi. 相交，交叉vt. 横断，横切；贯穿devise [di'vaiz]vt. 设计；想出；发明；图谋；遗赠给n. 遗赠[ 过去式devised 过去分词devised 现分humidity [hju:'midəti]n. 湿度；湿气resilient [ri'ziliənt, -jənt]adj. 弹回的，有弹力的contract ['kɔntrækt, kən'trækt]vi. 收缩；感染；订约vt. 感染；订约；使缩短n. 合同；婚约elastic [i'læstik]adj. 有弹性的；灵活的；易伸缩的n. 松紧带；橡皮圈subject ['sʌbdʒikt, -dʒe-, səb'dʒekt]n. 主题；科目；主语；国民adj. 服从的；易患…的；受制于…的vt. 使…隶属；使屈从于…undeterred [ʌndi'tə:d]adj. 未受阻的；未被吓住的vulnerable ['vʌlnərəbl]adj. 易受攻击的，易受…的攻击；易受伤害的；有弱点的confirm [kən'fə:m]vt. 确认；确定；证实；批准；使巩固differ ['difə]vt. 使…相异；使…不同vi. 相异；意见分歧intrigue [in'tri:ɡ, 'in-]n. 阴谋；诡计；复杂的事；私通vt. 用诡计取得；激起...的兴趣vi. 私通；密谋[ 过去式intrigued 过去分词intrigued 现在分词intriguing ]book2 unit the shadowland of dreamrequite [ri'kwait]vt. 报答，回报；酬谢[ 过去式requited 过去分词requited 现在分词requiting ] prospect ['prɔspekt]n. 前途；预期；景色vi. 勘探，找矿vt. 勘探，勘察station ['steiʃən]n. 站；驻地；地位；身分on the side另外；作为兼职well up涌出；流露；萌发veteran ['vetərən]n. 老兵；老手；富有经验的人；老运动员adj. 经验丰富的；老兵的wilted [wiltid]adj. 枯萎的；萎蔫的v. 枯萎；衰弱（wilt的过去分词）wilt [wilt]vt. 使枯萎；使畏缩；使衰弱vi. 枯萎；畏缩；衰弱n. 枯萎；憔悴；衰弱limelight ['laimlait]n. 石灰光，石灰光灯；众人注目的中心vt. 使显露头角，使受到注目[ 过去式limelighted或-lit 过去分词limelighted或-lit 现在分词limelighting ]短语1.fond of the limelight爱出风头，爱引人注意2.in the limelighta. 【戏剧】处于舞台聚光灯照射的地方；有聚光灯的照耀下b. 引人注目；处于显要地3.steal the limelight把人们(或观众)的注意力从别处吸引过来，出尽风头；抢镜头exhilarating [iɡ'ziləreitiŋ]adj. 使人愉快的；令人喜欢的；爽快的v. 使高兴，使兴奋（exhilarate的现在corroded [kə'rəudid]adj. 侵蚀的，已被腐蚀的corrode [kə'rəud]vt. 侵蚀；损害vi. 受腐蚀；起腐蚀作用Unit 3 recyclingdivert [dai'və:t, di-]vt. 转移；使…欢娱；使…转向vi. 转移stack [stæk]n. 堆；堆叠vt. 使堆叠；把…堆积起来impact ['impækt, im'pækt]vt. 影响；撞击；冲突；压紧vi. 冲击；产生影响n. 影响；效果；碰撞；冲击力vi. 堆积，堆叠insulate ['insjuleit, 'insə-]vt. 隔离，使孤立；[物]使绝缘，使隔热[ 过去式insulated 过去分词insulated 现在分词insulating ]casual ['kæʒjuəl]adj. 随便的；非正式的；临时的；偶然的n. 便装；临时工人；待命士兵[ 比较级more casual 最高级most casual ]demolition [,demə'liʃən]n. 拆除（等于demolishment）；破坏；毁坏fad [fæd]n. 时尚；一时的爱好；一时流行的狂热discard [dis'kɑ:d, 'diskɑ:d]vt. 抛弃；放弃；丢弃vi. 放弃n. 抛弃；被丢弃的东西或人garbage ['ɡɑ:bidʒ]n. 垃圾；废物viability [,vaiə'biliti]n. 生存能力，发育能力；可行性consistently [kən'sistəntli]adv. 一贯地；一致地；坚实地hold on不挂断电话，等一下；继续hold down ['həulddaun]抑制；压制；保有Unit 6 fathers &sons: the bonding processwallow ['wɔləu]vi. 打滚；沉迷；颠簸n. 打滚；堕落；泥坑combat ['kɔmbæt, kəm'bæt]vt. 反对；与…战斗vi. 战斗；搏斗n. 战斗；争论adj. 战斗的；为…斗争的[ 过去式combated或combatted 过去分词combated或combatted 现在分词combating或combatting ]scouredv. 擦洗；腐蚀；摩擦（scour的过去式）scour ['skauə]vi. 冲刷；擦；腹泻vt. 擦亮，洗涤；冲洗，清除n. 擦，冲刷；洗涤剂；（畜类等的）腹泻hinged [hindʒd]adj. 有铰链的；铰链式的v. 给…装上绞链；依…而定（hinge的过去分词）hinge [hindʒ]n. 铰链；枢纽；关键vt. 给…安装铰链vi. 依…而转移[ 过去式hinged 过去分词hinged 现在分词hinging ]appreciate [ə'pri:ʃieit]vt. 欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别vi. 增值；涨价[ 过去式appreciated 过去分词appreciated 现在分词appreciating ]endeavor [in'devə]n. 努力；尽力（等于endeavour）vi. 努力；尽力（等于endeavour）vt. 努力；尽力（等于endeavour）abundance [ə'bʌndəns]n. 充裕，丰富sacrifice ['sækrifais]n. 牺牲；祭品；供奉vt. 牺牲；献祭；亏本出售vi. 献祭；奉献[ 过去式sacrificed 过去分词sacrificed 现在分词sacrificing ]salute [sə'lju:t, sɑ:'lu:te]n. 致敬，欢迎；敬礼vt. 行礼致敬，欢迎vi. 致意，打招呼；行礼[ 过去式saluted 过去分词saluted 现在分词saluting ]celebritiesn. 名人（celebrity的复数）；名誉demonsn. 魔族，恶魔；守护程序demon ['di:mən]n. 恶魔；魔鬼；精力充沛的人；邪恶的事物encompass [in'kʌmpəs]vt. 包含；包围，环绕；完成Unit 11 the rocking-house winneradore [ə'dɔ:]vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；[口]极喜欢vi. 崇拜；爱慕[ 过去式adored 过去分词adored 现在分词adoring ]discreet [dis'kri:t]adj. 谨慎的；小心的materialize [mə'tiəriəlaiz]vt. 使具体化，使有形；使突然出现；使重物质而轻精神vi. 实现，成形；突然出现[ 过去式materialized 过去分词materialized 现在分词materializing ]frenzy ['frenzi]n. 狂暴；狂怒；暴怒vt. 使发狂；使狂怒[ 复数frenzies 过去式frenzied 过去分词frenzied 现在分词frenzying ]career [kə'riə]n. 事业，职业；生涯post [pəust]n. 岗位；邮件；标杆vt. 张贴；公布；邮递；布置vi. 快速行进pursue [pə'sju:, -'su:]vt. 继续；从事；追赶；纠缠vi. 追赶；继续进行[ 过去式pursued 过去分词pursued 现在分词pursuing ]Not to let it beyond us threeLet it go 放手，任它去Let sb go 释放，解雇Unit 12 social critic with ververecuperate [ri'kju:pəreit]vi. 恢复，复原；挽回损失vt. 恢复，使恢复健康[ 过去式recuperated 过去分词recuperated 现在分词recuperating ]torment [tɔ:'ment, 'tɔ:m-]vt. 折磨，使痛苦；纠缠，作弄n. 痛苦，苦恼；痛苦的根源dissertation [,disə'teiʃən]n. 论文，专题；学术演讲lavish ['læviʃ]adj. 浪费的；丰富的；大方的vt. 浪费；慷慨给予；滥用champion ['tʃæmpiən]n. 冠军；拥护者；战士vt. 支持；拥护adj. 优胜的；第一流的underwent [,ʌndə'went]v. 经验；遭遇（undergo的过去式）condemned [kən'demd]adj. 已被定罪的；被责难的condemn [kən'dem]vt. 谴责；判刑，定罪；声讨envoy ['envɔi]n. 使者；全权公使miniature ['miniətʃə]adj. 微型的，小规模的n. 缩图；微型画；微型图画绘画术vt. 是…的缩影[ 过去式miniatured 过去分词miniatured 现在分词miniaturing ]rapturous ['ræptʃərəs]adj. 狂喜的；兴高采烈的；欢天喜地的[ 比较级more rapturous 最高级most rapturous ]。
综合教程1 Unit4migratory birds and coffee 翻译
Migratory Birds and Coffee侯鸟在类似森林环境的荫栽咖啡种植园找到了栖息地，这些种植园在保护候鸟方面起了重要作用。
阅读下面的介绍，以了解更多这方面的信息。
在北美洲和拉丁美洲，候鸟在传统咖啡种植园类似森林的环境中找到栖息地。
生物学家发现，在东恰帕斯和墨西哥，传统方式经营的咖啡和可可(巧克力)种植园支持的鸟类超过150种。
在其他农业栖息地，发现的鸟类数目更大，末受侵扰的热带森林才会超过这个数目。
即使在受到较大侵扰的地区，咖啡种植园也支持为数可观的候鸟和其他鸟类。
这些候鸟和其他鸟类，如红尾鸟和黑喉绿莺，以及包括鹦鹉和砍林鸟在内的居民，选择了森林栖息地，或者仅限于森林栖息地。
然而，由于近来咖啡生产和营销方面的变化，荫栽咖啡种植园成了受到威胁的栖息地。
过去的20年里，开始不用任何荫遮来种植咖啡。
这样的种植方式提高了产量，同时，如果没有精心管理(增加化肥和一定范围的除虫剂、除草剂和杀菌剂)，就不能持续多年高产。
除了农林方面的风险，日照咖啡生产导致过去20年候鸟主要栖息地的变化。
在种植咖啡的永久性作物区，现代的，减少荫栽咖啡的系统，其总量在墨西哥为17％，在哥斯达黎力口为40％，在哥伦比亚为69％。
已经进行的为数不多的研究发现，当咖啡由遮荫变为日照，候鸟种类就急剧下降。
有一个研究发现，常见候鸟种类从10减少到4。
在哥伦比亚和墨西哥的研究表明，区域鸟类总数在日照咖啡种植区比荫栽咖啡种植区要少94・97％。
这样的数据并不令人吃惊，因为人们发现，树阴覆盖的种植园可以看到的鸟类超过三分之二，而在日照咖啡树丛里，鸟的种类不到十分之一。
人们发现，在热带所有农业系统中，荫栽咖啡种植园有一些数量较多的个体和候鸟种类。
尚・罗宾斯和亚历杭德罗・埃斯特拉达率领一组鸟类调查人员活动在墨西哥和加勒比盆地附近。
他们发现，可可和咖啡种植园支持农业栖息地的森林依赖性候鸟数量最大。
热带生态学家约翰・特博在《鸟儿飞到哪里去了?》中写道，”有些农业实践同保持众多数量的迁徙者是并行不悖的。
Unit-4-Migratory-Birds-and-Coffee讲课教案
Part 1 Relationship between migratory birds and coffee
2. What are the different ways of coffee cultivation? • Shade coffee plantation • Sun coffee cultivation
1. What is the relationship between migratory birds and shade grown coffee?
2. What are the different ways of coffee cultivation？
3. What are the advantages of shade coffee cultivation?
consequencபைடு நூலகம்s?
Part 2 Sun coffee cultivation
1. Why do people begin to adopt sun coffee production?
The manner of sun coffee cultivation produces increased yields.
2 14—17 Productive sun coffee cultivation problems
3 18
Advocates for a more birdfriendly coffee plantation
Part 1 Relationship between migratory birds and coffee
3. What are the advantages of traditional coffee plantations?
综合教程1 Unit4migratory birds and coffee 翻译
Migratory Birds and Coffee侯鸟在类似森林环境的荫栽咖啡种植园找到了栖息地，这些种植园在保护候鸟方面起了重要作用。
阅读下面的介绍，以了解更多这方面的信息。
在北美洲和拉丁美洲，候鸟在传统咖啡种植园类似森林的环境中找到栖息地。
生物学家发现，在东恰帕斯和墨西哥，传统方式经营的咖啡和可可(巧克力)种植园支持的鸟类超过150种。
在其他农业栖息地，发现的鸟类数目更大，末受侵扰的热带森林才会超过这个数目。
即使在受到较大侵扰的地区，咖啡种植园也支持为数可观的候鸟和其他鸟类。
这些候鸟和其他鸟类，如红尾鸟和黑喉绿莺，以及包括鹦鹉和砍林鸟在内的居民，选择了森林栖息地，或者仅限于森林栖息地。
然而，由于近来咖啡生产和营销方面的变化，荫栽咖啡种植园成了受到威胁的栖息地。
过去的20年里，开始不用任何荫遮来种植咖啡。
这样的种植方式提高了产量，同时，如果没有精心管理(增加化肥和一定范围的除虫剂、除草剂和杀菌剂)，就不能持续多年高产。
除了农林方面的风险，日照咖啡生产导致过去20年候鸟主要栖息地的变化。
在种植咖啡的永久性作物区，现代的，减少荫栽咖啡的系统，其总量在墨西哥为17％，在哥斯达黎力口为40％，在哥伦比亚为69％。
已经进行的为数不多的研究发现，当咖啡由遮荫变为日照，候鸟种类就急剧下降。
有一个研究发现，常见候鸟种类从10减少到4。
在哥伦比亚和墨西哥的研究表明，区域鸟类总数在日照咖啡种植区比荫栽咖啡种植区要少94・97％。
这样的数据并不令人吃惊，因为人们发现，树阴覆盖的种植园可以看到的鸟类超过三分之二，而在日照咖啡树丛里，鸟的种类不到十分之一。
人们发现，在热带所有农业系统中，荫栽咖啡种植园有一些数量较多的个体和候鸟种类。
尚・罗宾斯和亚历杭德罗・埃斯特拉达率领一组鸟类调查人员活动在墨西哥和加勒比盆地附近。
他们发现，可可和咖啡种植园支持农业栖息地的森林依赖性候鸟数量最大。
热带生态学家约翰・特博在《鸟儿飞到哪里去了?》中写道，”有些农业实践同保持众多数量的迁徙者是并行不悖的。
最新泛读Unit4-migratory-birds-and-coffee
3. The few studies that have been conducted have found that the diversity of migratory birds plummets when coffee is converted from shade to sun.
convert—conversion 1. convert… to/into… They converted the garage into a theater. 2. convert… from/to… The priest converted many natives into Christianity.
Para .12: main coffee producing and consuming areas. Para .13: the economical value of coffee. Para . 14-15: requirements and disadvantages of sun coffee plantation. Para .16: producing coffee in a traditional way can bring a win-win situation. Para .17: crisis in coffee production in some areas. Para .18: conclusion: restate the maintenance of migratory birds rely not only on the conservation habitats but also the quality of human-managed habitats.
Redstart
Parrot Woodcreeper
泛读Unit4 migratory birds and coffee.
III. Discussion
What are the two different ways of coffee cultivation mentioned in the text? What’s the relationship between migratory birds and the shade grown coffee? What are the advantages of shade coffee cultivation?
8 minutes
Main idea of each paragraph
Para .1: Coffee plantation support good populations of migratory birds and other species that prefer or are restricted to forest habitats. Para. 2: shade coffee plantation is a threatened habitat because of recent changes in coffee production and marketing. Para. 3: the danger caused by conversion from shade coffee plantation to sun coffee plantation to migratory birds. para.4: shade coffee plantation is beneficial to the subsistence of migratory birds.
Questions:
Why do people begin to adopt sun coffee production? What are the consequences of adopting sun coffee plantation?
英语专业第一册泛读答案Keys
Fast Reading
1-5: bccdb 6-10: cbacc 11-15: ddddb
Home Reading
1-5: cdcbb 6-8:adb
Unit 4 Migratory Birds and Coffee
Text
A: c
B: 1-5: bdcddc 6-10: bdbdc
2. noun/ a tool to cut trees
3. noun/ journeys on or in a vehicle, etc
4. noun/ a small quantity taken by sipping
Fast Reading
1 – 5: ddabc; // 6 – 10 : cbadb // 11 – 15: dbccd
Text
A: d
B: cacad; addbb;
D: badba; bacab; ad
Fast Reading:
Cbbca; ddbcb; cdbad
Home Reading:
Cdcad; ccdd
2. An omniscient narrator who tells a story he knows well/ the narrator doesn’t comment much but tells the beginning of a story objectively
3. A boy who has cheated in a test/ the narrator is analytic, serious about what he has done
Home Reading
1-5: abccd 6-10: cbdbb
1-5: bccdb 6-10: cbacc 11-15: ddddb
Home Reading
1-5: cdcbb 6-8:adb
Unit 4 Migratory Birds and Coffee
Text
A: c
B: 1-5: bdcddc 6-10: bdbdc
2. noun/ a tool to cut trees
3. noun/ journeys on or in a vehicle, etc
4. noun/ a small quantity taken by sipping
Fast Reading
1 – 5: ddabc; // 6 – 10 : cbadb // 11 – 15: dbccd
Text
A: d
B: cacad; addbb;
D: badba; bacab; ad
Fast Reading:
Cbbca; ddbcb; cdbad
Home Reading:
Cdcad; ccdd
2. An omniscient narrator who tells a story he knows well/ the narrator doesn’t comment much but tells the beginning of a story objectively
3. A boy who has cheated in a test/ the narrator is analytic, serious about what he has done
Home Reading
1-5: abccd 6-10: cbdbb
泛读Unit4 migratory birds and coffee知识交流
Mexico 墨西哥 Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加 Colombia 哥伦比亚 the Caribbean 加勒比地区
3. Different methods to produce coffee bake
grind
4. Four terms to describe coffee’s quality
Para .17: crisis in coffee production in some areas.
Para .18: conclusion: restate the maintenance of migratory birds rely not only on the conservation habitats but also the quality of human-managed habitats.
Para. 5: assertion by J. T. “coffee and cacao make good migrant habitat.”
Para. 6: constitution of a traditionally-managed coffee plantation
Para .7: functions of shade trees
Para .10: other indicators of the importance of coffee plantations.
Para. 11: functions of shade trees in L. A and C.
Para .12: main coffee producing and consuming areas.
I. Skimming
Go through the passage quickly and decide the main idea.
3. Different methods to produce coffee bake
grind
4. Four terms to describe coffee’s quality
Para .17: crisis in coffee production in some areas.
Para .18: conclusion: restate the maintenance of migratory birds rely not only on the conservation habitats but also the quality of human-managed habitats.
Para. 5: assertion by J. T. “coffee and cacao make good migrant habitat.”
Para. 6: constitution of a traditionally-managed coffee plantation
Para .7: functions of shade trees
Para .10: other indicators of the importance of coffee plantations.
Para. 11: functions of shade trees in L. A and C.
Para .12: main coffee producing and consuming areas.
I. Skimming
Go through the passage quickly and decide the main idea.
Unit 4 Migratory Birds and Coffee
Colombia 哥伦比亚 The Caribbean 加勒比地区
insecticide [Para. 2, Line 13]
[countable] a chemical used to kill insects 杀虫剂
e.g. About 70% of the cocoa acreage is treated with insecticide.
Part 2 Sun coffee cultivation
2. What are the consequences of sun coffee production?
• It has resulted in major habitat change for the migratory birds in the past two decades.
Part 2 Sun coffee cultivation
1. Why do people to adopt sun coffee production? 2. What are the consequences of sun coffee
production? 3. What are the environmental and social
Opposite to shade-grown coffee, sun coffee bushes are exposed to direct sunlight and require high inputs of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as an intensive yearly work force. 无荫栽咖啡
2 14—17 Productive sun coffee cultivation problems
Migratory Birds and Coffee
Shade coffee plantation
Sun coffee plantation
Main idea of each paragraph • Para .1: Coffee plantation support good populations of migratory birds and other species that prefer or are restricted to forest habitats. • Para. 2: shade coffee plantation is a threatened habitat because of recent changes in coffee production and marketing. • Para. 3: the danger caused by conversion from shade coffee plantation to sun coffee plantation to migratory birds. • para.4: shade coffee plantation is beneficial to the subsistence of migratory birds.
Migratory Birds and Coffee
Background Information
• Migratory birds: • 很多鸟类具有沿纬度季节迁移的特性，夏天的时 候这些鸟在纬度较高的温带地区繁殖，冬天的时 候则在纬度较低的热带地区过冬。夏末秋初的时 候这些鸟类由繁殖地往南迁移到渡冬地，而在春 天的时候由渡冬地北返回到繁殖地。这些随着季 节变化而南北迁移的鸟类称之为「候鸟 候鸟」 候鸟 (migrant)。
•The End
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14
• （教参）这样的种植方式提 (ll. 11-12) While this 高了产量， 同时，如果没有 manner of cultivation 精心管理（增加化肥和一定 produces increased 范围的除虫剂、除草剂和杀 yields, these cannot be 菌剂），就不能持续多年高 kept for many years 产。 without intensive • while: despite the fact thaБайду номын сангаас management (additions (SYN although) (LDOCE 5)
18
1.3 Possible difficult words, phrases and sentences
(ll. 81-85) While technified coffee may mean benefits to producers in terms of total crop output…the relentless push of agribusiness to produce more coffee per unit area may have serious environmental and social consequences. • （教参）经过技术改 造的咖啡对生产者来 说意味着总产量方面 的收益……无情地推进 农业发展使单位面积 生产更多的咖啡，这 可以带来严重的环境 和社会后果。
17
1.3 Possible difficult words, phrases and sentences
(ll. 48-50) Evidence suggests that upmountain and northward movements are timed to take advantage of the blossoming of plantation trees. • （教参）有证据显示， 向山区和向北移动是依 时而为，为的是利用种 植园树木的花期。
16
1.3 Possible difficult words, phrases and sentences
(l. 48) Traditional coffee • （教参）可以将传统的咖 plantations can be 啡种植园看成经过改造的 thought of as modified 森林栖息地。 forest habits. • 传统的咖啡种植园可以看 成改进的森林栖息地。
9
1.1 The main idea
• But it seems that the world have no way to rein in（遏制）such non-traditional, birdunfriendly styles of production in the process of local development, due to a combination of complex factors.
12
不宜移动原文到另一个句子部分，一般 也不宜随意断句
(ll. 5-6) Even in very disturbed • （教参）即使在受到较 areas, coffee plantations 大侵扰的地区，咖啡种 support good populations 植园也支持为数可观的 of migratory birds and other 候鸟和其他鸟类。这些 species that prefer or are 候鸟和其他鸟类，如红 restricted to forest habits, 尾鸟和黑喉绿莺，以及 such as redstarts and black包括鹦鹉和砍林鸟在内 throated green warblers, 的居民，选择了森林栖 and residents including 息地，或者仅限于森林 parrots and woodcreepers. 栖息地。
10
1.2 Structure of this text
• It is not highly feasible to divide this text into several fitting parts. • But if we really want to do it, we may roughly divide it into four parts: Part 1 (ll. 1-37) Part 2 (ll. 38-65) Part 3 (ll. 66-103) Part 4 (ll. 104-111)
7
1.1 The main idea
• Pitifully, however, over the past two decades, farmers turn to sun coffee production for financial and other reasons. Such a manner of production, which produces increased yields, does not provide as a good habitat as shade coffee plantations, for migratory birds. It has been found that the diversity of migratory birds drops sharply when coffee is converted from shade to sun.
1
Questions for you to consider:
5. Is there such a similar situation in your home town that people abandon their old good ways of life and production in favor of those trendy styles?
11
1.3 Possible difficult words, phrases and sentences
(ll. 4-5) A greater number • （教参）在农业栖息地， is found in other 发现的鸟类数目更大，未 agricultural habitats, 受侵扰的热带森林才会超 and exceeded only in 过这个数目。 undisturbed tropical • 在农业栖息地，发现的鸟 forests. 类数目更大，只有未受侵 扰的热带森林才会超过这 个数目。
2
Some pictures of migratory birds mentioned in the text
3
红尾鸲
4
Black-throated green warbler 黑喉绿刺嘴莺（？）
5
旋木雀
6
1.1 The main idea
• Migratory birds and traditional coffee plantations are closely related in North and Latin America. The former relies on the latter. Migratory birds can find a satisfying sanctuary in shade-grown（遮阳植物下生长 的）coffee plantations. These traditional coffee plantations provide a forest-like environment for good populations of migrants.
8
1.1 The main idea
• Besides the sharp decrease in the diversity of migratory birds in sun coffee areas, the new mode of production brings forth environmental and social problems. • These problems include greater soil erosion, acidification, and higher amounts of toxic run-off （有毒废液）. In addition, farmers have to do harder manual labor on such plantations. And their health is undermined when they are often exposed to toxic substances such as pesticides.
Unit 4 1. Text Migratory Birds and Coffee Questions for you to consider: 1. What is the traditional way of planting coffee? 2. What are the advantages of traditional coffee plantations? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of sun coffee production? 4. What are the hidden forces that are responsible for the emergence of the new mode of production?
19
1.3 Possible difficult words, phrases and sentences
(ll. 81-85) While technified coffee may mean benefits to producers in terms of total crop output…the relentless push of agribusiness to produce more coffee per unit area may have serious environmental and social consequences. • 虽然经过技术改造的 咖啡对生产者来说可 能意味着总产量方面 的收益……但是一味推 进农业产业化从而使 得单位面积的咖啡产 量更高的做法可能带 来严重的环境和社会 后果。
• （教参）这样的种植方式提 (ll. 11-12) While this 高了产量， 同时，如果没有 manner of cultivation 精心管理（增加化肥和一定 produces increased 范围的除虫剂、除草剂和杀 yields, these cannot be 菌剂），就不能持续多年高 kept for many years 产。 without intensive • while: despite the fact thaБайду номын сангаас management (additions (SYN although) (LDOCE 5)
18
1.3 Possible difficult words, phrases and sentences
(ll. 81-85) While technified coffee may mean benefits to producers in terms of total crop output…the relentless push of agribusiness to produce more coffee per unit area may have serious environmental and social consequences. • （教参）经过技术改 造的咖啡对生产者来 说意味着总产量方面 的收益……无情地推进 农业发展使单位面积 生产更多的咖啡，这 可以带来严重的环境 和社会后果。
17
1.3 Possible difficult words, phrases and sentences
(ll. 48-50) Evidence suggests that upmountain and northward movements are timed to take advantage of the blossoming of plantation trees. • （教参）有证据显示， 向山区和向北移动是依 时而为，为的是利用种 植园树木的花期。
16
1.3 Possible difficult words, phrases and sentences
(l. 48) Traditional coffee • （教参）可以将传统的咖 plantations can be 啡种植园看成经过改造的 thought of as modified 森林栖息地。 forest habits. • 传统的咖啡种植园可以看 成改进的森林栖息地。
9
1.1 The main idea
• But it seems that the world have no way to rein in（遏制）such non-traditional, birdunfriendly styles of production in the process of local development, due to a combination of complex factors.
12
不宜移动原文到另一个句子部分，一般 也不宜随意断句
(ll. 5-6) Even in very disturbed • （教参）即使在受到较 areas, coffee plantations 大侵扰的地区，咖啡种 support good populations 植园也支持为数可观的 of migratory birds and other 候鸟和其他鸟类。这些 species that prefer or are 候鸟和其他鸟类，如红 restricted to forest habits, 尾鸟和黑喉绿莺，以及 such as redstarts and black包括鹦鹉和砍林鸟在内 throated green warblers, 的居民，选择了森林栖 and residents including 息地，或者仅限于森林 parrots and woodcreepers. 栖息地。
10
1.2 Structure of this text
• It is not highly feasible to divide this text into several fitting parts. • But if we really want to do it, we may roughly divide it into four parts: Part 1 (ll. 1-37) Part 2 (ll. 38-65) Part 3 (ll. 66-103) Part 4 (ll. 104-111)
7
1.1 The main idea
• Pitifully, however, over the past two decades, farmers turn to sun coffee production for financial and other reasons. Such a manner of production, which produces increased yields, does not provide as a good habitat as shade coffee plantations, for migratory birds. It has been found that the diversity of migratory birds drops sharply when coffee is converted from shade to sun.
1
Questions for you to consider:
5. Is there such a similar situation in your home town that people abandon their old good ways of life and production in favor of those trendy styles?
11
1.3 Possible difficult words, phrases and sentences
(ll. 4-5) A greater number • （教参）在农业栖息地， is found in other 发现的鸟类数目更大，未 agricultural habitats, 受侵扰的热带森林才会超 and exceeded only in 过这个数目。 undisturbed tropical • 在农业栖息地，发现的鸟 forests. 类数目更大，只有未受侵 扰的热带森林才会超过这 个数目。
2
Some pictures of migratory birds mentioned in the text
3
红尾鸲
4
Black-throated green warbler 黑喉绿刺嘴莺（？）
5
旋木雀
6
1.1 The main idea
• Migratory birds and traditional coffee plantations are closely related in North and Latin America. The former relies on the latter. Migratory birds can find a satisfying sanctuary in shade-grown（遮阳植物下生长 的）coffee plantations. These traditional coffee plantations provide a forest-like environment for good populations of migrants.
8
1.1 The main idea
• Besides the sharp decrease in the diversity of migratory birds in sun coffee areas, the new mode of production brings forth environmental and social problems. • These problems include greater soil erosion, acidification, and higher amounts of toxic run-off （有毒废液）. In addition, farmers have to do harder manual labor on such plantations. And their health is undermined when they are often exposed to toxic substances such as pesticides.
Unit 4 1. Text Migratory Birds and Coffee Questions for you to consider: 1. What is the traditional way of planting coffee? 2. What are the advantages of traditional coffee plantations? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of sun coffee production? 4. What are the hidden forces that are responsible for the emergence of the new mode of production?
19
1.3 Possible difficult words, phrases and sentences
(ll. 81-85) While technified coffee may mean benefits to producers in terms of total crop output…the relentless push of agribusiness to produce more coffee per unit area may have serious environmental and social consequences. • 虽然经过技术改造的 咖啡对生产者来说可 能意味着总产量方面 的收益……但是一味推 进农业产业化从而使 得单位面积的咖啡产 量更高的做法可能带 来严重的环境和社会 后果。