2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读七十三

Panda evolution熊猫的演化The giant panda’s unusual diet may be the result of human pressure人类的压迫可能导致了大熊猫不同寻常的饮食习惯Civilisation’s rise drove it into China’s bamboo forests文明的崛起把大熊猫赶进了中国的竹林T he giant panda is beloved of conservationists.It is the mascot of the WWF(World Wide Fund for Nature,formerly the World Wildlife Fund)and, with its striking black-and-white pelage,is one of the most recognisable large animals in the world.大熊猫深受自然资源保护者的喜爱。

它是世界自然基金会（前身为世界野生动物基金会）的吉祥物，有着引人注目的黑白毛发，是世界上最具辨识度的大型动物之一。

It is also evolutionarily weird.It is a type of bear,and therefore a member of the order of mammals known,after their usual dietary habits,as the Carnivora.But it is an obligate herbivore.从物种的演化来看，大熊猫也是一种奇怪的动物。

它是熊科动物的一种，因而根据它们通常的饮食习惯，大熊猫应该是属食肉目的一种哺乳动物。

但它却是一种专性食草动物。

And it is rare.Optimistic estimates put the global panda population at between2,000and3,000individuals—with all those not living in zoos occupying a few fragments of bamboo forest in central China.Pessimists reckon those numbers are on the high side.大熊猫是稀有动物。

Sun,sea and a diplomatic point阳光、大海和外交China’s high-spending tourists bring political clout中国的高消费游客带来了政治影响力Countries at odds with China find holidaymakers from there stop coming 与中国不和的国家发现，中国游客不再来了Earlier this month the great pyramids of Giza and the nearby Sphinx were lit up in“Chinese red”.Spectators,many of them from China,were then given another unprecedented treat.The sound-and-light show,a staple of pyramid entertainment since1961,was narrated in Chinese.本月初，“中国红”点亮了吉萨的大金字塔和附近的狮身人面像。

随后，参观者（特别是来自中国的游客）感受了另一种前所未有的体验。

自1961年以来作为金字塔主打娱乐节目的声光表演是用中文来讲解的。

The event was sponsored by the Chinese government,which takes pride in its travellers’growing influence.Since2012China has been the world’s biggest source of tourists.Chinese travellers racked up nearly150m trips abroad last year.活动是由中国政府赞助的，中国政府以中国游客日益增长的影响力为荣。

The Guardian view on unaffordable homes: building injustice into the economy《卫报》关于难以负担的住房的观点：在经济中制造不公The average wage of the top 1% in Britain rose to £13,770 a month in December. Jeevun Sandher, an economist at King’s College London, points out the very richest saw their incomes rise the fastest during the pandemic. This group were also likely to have been able to save the most while Covid raged. Where do the very wealthiest spend their cash? One place is housing, for which there is a low level of stock being released on to the market. The result is rising house prices. Over the past 12 months, asking prices have gone up by 9.5%.12月，英国最富有的1%人群的平均工资上升至每月13770英镑。

伦敦国王学院的经济学家桑德尔指出，在疫情期间，最富有的人的收入增长最快。

在新冠病毒肆虐期间，这一群体也可能是能够存最多钱的人。

最富有的人把钱花在哪里？其中一个地方就是住房，因为住房市场上的存量很低。

结果就是房价上涨。

在过去12个月里，住房要价上涨了9.5%。

This has a knock-on effect for renters. UK rents rose by 8.3% in the last three months of 2021. For would-be first-time buyers, the situation is as bad if not worse, with the current average price of £277,000 nearly £25,000 higher than just a year ago. Those looking to have a roof to live under will find little solace in official figures. These record an 11% drop in the number of total homes added in 2021 compared with the year before. The number of new affordable houses that began being built dropped 16% year-on-year. Shortages of labour and materials, as well as planning delays, will make it harder for the 11th Tory housing minister since 2010 to meet government targets for new homes.这对租客产生了连锁反应。

Europe heroically defends itself against veggie burgers欧洲勇敢地保护自己免受素食汉堡的误导And there are plenty more misleading words it should ban此外，还有许多误导性的词汇应该被禁用The European Union gets a lot of flak.All right,it isn’t literally blasted with anti-aircraft fire,but you know what we mean.One ongoing battle (OK,nobody died)involves the use of words.欧盟遭受了高射炮群的袭击。

好吧，不是说欧盟真的被高射炮击中，但是你懂的。

一场涉及语言用法的战争正在进行（好吧，无人伤亡）。

（小编注：flak既有高射炮的含义，又有抨击、谴责的含义，这里实则是指的是受到谴责。

）Earlier this year,the European Parliament’s agriculture committee voted to prohibit the terms“burger”,“sausage”,“escalope”and“steak”to describe products that do not contain any meat.It was inspired by the European Court of Justice’s decision in2017to ban the use of“milk”,“butter”and“cream”for non-dairy products.今年年初，欧洲议会农业委员会经投票通过了一项议案，禁止用“汉堡”、“香肠”、“肉片”和“牛排”等字眼来描述任何不含肉类的食物。

The legal cannabis market shrank in California last year去年，加州的合法大麻市场在萎缩Harbourside Cannabis in Oakland is a modern-day temple to the delights and possibilities of the botanical marvel that is the plant Cannabis sativa. Around the airy shop move a well-heeled clientele.They browse among offerings ranging from cannabis-infused chocolate to sparkling water and vape pens.奥克兰的哈伯赛德大麻公司是一座可供寻求快乐和见识到大麻种植奇观的现代庙宇。

一群有钱人在通透的大麻商店里来来往往。

他们浏览着从大麻巧克力到大麻起泡水和大麻电子烟等各式各样的大麻商品。

California was the first state to allow sales of medical cannabis in1996, and Harbourside one of the first shops in America to sell pot legally.Since January last year,the firm has also been able to sell pot for purely recreational purposes.1996年，加州成为美国首个允许销售医用大麻的州，哈伯赛德也是美国首批合法销售大麻的商店之一。

自去年1月以来，哈伯赛德也能销售纯娱乐用途的大麻了。

Thanks to its large number of“medical”users,California’s is the largest legal cannabis market in the world.But since the legalisation of adult sales, that market has been shrinking.得益于大批的“医疗”用户，加州成为了全球最大的合法大麻市场。

2019考研英语经济学人阅读1（英语学习）联合国严厉制裁朝鲜The European Union announced that it will provide700m ($760m) in aid to accommodate migrants incountries overwhelmed by the refugee crisis. Most ofthe money is expected to go to Greece. AngelaMerkel, Germany’s chancellor, scolded Austria andother countries for clamping down on refugeearrivals, and vowed not to abandon Greece.欧盟宣布将向深陷难民危机的国家提供7亿欧元(7.6亿美元)的难民安置援助。

该援助的一大部分将给希腊。

德国总理安吉拉·默克尔(Angela Merkel)谴责奥地利等国家抵制难民入境的行为，并承诺不会放弃对希腊的援助。

The leader of Spain’s Socialist Party, Pedro Sánchez, failed in his first attempt to form aminority government with the upstart centrist Ciudadanos party. Both the centre-right PopularParty and the far-left Podemos party voted against the proposed coalition in parliament. If MrSánchez fails again in a second vote planned for March 4th, the caretaker government willprobably call new elections.西班牙工人社会党( Socialist Party)领导人彼得罗·桑切斯(Pedro Sánchez)与新兴中立公民党(Ciudadanos party)首次尝试组建少数党政府，但最终以失败告终。

Why eating bugs is so popular in Congo刚果人为什么这么爱吃虫子？The creepy superfood is rich in protein and magnesium这种让人毛骨悚然的超级食物富含蛋白质和镁At a market in Goma,a city in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo,an old woman pulls the wings off live grasshoppers and tosses their wriggling bodies into a bucket.She collected the insects from the airport at5am that morning,and will go back the next day.Grasshopper season has just begun.在刚果民主共和国东部城市戈马的一个市场上，一位老妇人将活蚱蜢的翅膀扯下来，然后把它们扭动的身体丢进桶里。

早上5点，她便去机场捉蚱蜢，直到第二天才回来。

蚱蜢繁殖的季节才刚刚开始。

Throughout November dozens of grasshopper-hunters gather at Goma airport most mornings.It is one of the few buildings in the city with constant electricity,and the lights that mark the runway attract swarms of the bug.整个11月，几乎每天都有几十个蚱蜢猎人聚集在戈马机场。

戈马机场是整个城市为数不多的几个持续供电的建筑之一，飞机跑道上的灯光吸引了成群结队的蚱蜢。

People stuff them into plastic bottles to take to market.Buyers season them with salt and eat them with rice or cassava.他们捉住蚱蜢塞进塑料瓶，然后拿到市场上去卖。

In praise of dissenters赞扬那些持不同意见的人It pays companies to encourage a variety of opinions鼓励员工发出不同的声音有利于公司的发展The story of the emperor’s new clothes is one of Hans Christian Andersen’s best-known fables.Conmen fool the monarch into believing they have made him a fabulous suit that the unworthy will be unable to see.Courtiers dare not say that the emperor is naked;it takes a child to point out the obvious.《皇帝的新装》是安徒生最著名的寓言之一。

骗子欺骗国王，让国王相信他们为其做了一件愚人看不见的精美的服装。

大臣们不敢说国王是赤裸着身体的；只有一个小孩说出了显而易见的事实。

The moral is that people are often too hidebound by social convention to state their views.How many companies have ploughed ahead with expensive projects that were favoured by the chief executive,even when other managers have had doubts?这则寓言的寓意是，人们往往过于墨守成规，而不愿意说出自己的观点。

有多少公司会奋力推行首席执行官所青睐的成本高昂的项目，即使有其他管理者对该项目表示怀疑？In his new book“Rebel Ideas:The Power of Diverse Thinking”,Matthew Syed,a sportsman-turned-journalist,argues that the key to dealing withthis problem is“cognitive diversity”.In other words,assembling a team of people with different perspectives and intellectual backgrounds.运动员出身的记者马修·施雅德在其新书《反叛思想：多元化思维的力量》中认为，解决这一问题的关键在于“认知多样性”。

Have baby, stay in school生孩子还是继续上学？Why teenage mothers in Zimbabwe struggle to get educated为什么津巴布韦的未成年妈妈很难继续接受教育Brilliant Ndlovu has never really known childhood. Since the age of seven she has headed her household in Tsholotsho, a town in rural western Zimbabwe, after her parents went to work abroad. The oldest of five, she scraped a living growing crops while trying to keep up with her schoolwork.聪明的恩德洛夫从未真正经历过童年。

自从7岁起，她的父母去国外工作后，她就一直在津巴布韦西部乡村小镇茨洛特肖主持家务。

她是五个孩子中的老大，一边靠种庄稼勉强糊口，一边还要努力完成学业。

But in 2020 the covid-19 pandemic struck, coming shortly after a devastating drought. Farmers could not afford to pay child labourers like Ms Ndlovu. “So I looked for a man to help support my family,” she recalls. She found one who demanded sex in exchange for money. Aged 17, she got pregnant.但在2020年，经历一场毁灭性的干旱后，新冠疫情又紧随其后。

Britain’s young face a poorer future英国年轻一代面临更加贫穷的未来Economic statistics will never fully capture the extent of the sacrifices of Britain’s youth during the pandemic. For a generation of students and pupils it was a lost chance to make friends, explore who they are and, gradually, become adults — as well as to learn, in person. In the face of the deaths in the broader population, it is easy to dismiss as frivolous the setbacks of those who missed partying, travelling and dating during the long months stuck inside but these are still years of carefree youth they will not get back. What is more, most of these privations were primarily to protect those from older generations, the most vulnerable to the coronavirus.经济统计数字将永远不能完全反映出英国青年在这场大流行病中牺牲了多少。

对于这一代学生来说，他们失去了结交朋友、探索自我并逐渐成长为人,以及亲身学习的机会。

在有人死于新冠疫情之际，我们很容易认为被困在室内长达数月而错过聚会、旅行和约会的人所经历的这些挫折无关痛痒，但这是他们再也无法重返的无忧无虑的青春时光。

Chinese are big customers for schemes selling foreign residency中国人成为外国居住权计划的最大受众Chinese firms are piling into the business中国企业纷纷涌入该行业Tang Shougang is one of a generation of young Chinese who seem to have it all.Aged just35,Mr Tang(not his real name)has a well-paid job for a tech firm,and his wife owns a successful shop.中国的年轻一代似乎拥有着一切，汤授罡正是其中一员。

年仅35岁的汤先生（化名）在一家科技公司干着一份高薪的工作，他的妻子成功地开着一家商店。

They have two young sons,two cars and an apartment in downtown Shanghai worth a fortune.One perk enjoyed by others of their class, however,eludes them:a passport or long-term residents’visa for a country other than China.他们拥有两个年幼的儿子、两辆车以及一套位于上海市中心的价值不菲的公寓。

然而，还有一项这一阶层其他人所享有的福利他们却并不享有：外国护照或长期签证。

Ideally they would like a green card that makes it easier to live,work and educate their children in America.That looks difficult,so the Tangsare pondering other options.在理想情况下，他们希望拿到一张美国绿卡，以便让他们的孩子更容易在美国生活、工作和学习。

China’s “dreamchild” is stealthily winning the battery race中国“梦之子”悄然引领电池竞赛In America, if you want to dominate an industry, you channel your inner Elon Musk and shout about it. But CATL, the Chinese company that makes batteries for some of Mr Musk’s Tesla electric vehicles (EVs), is different. When your columnist first contacted it in 2017, the brush-off was swift.在美国，如果你想主宰一个行业，你就得调动自己内心的埃隆·马斯克并大声咆哮。

但为马斯克的部分特斯拉电动汽车供应电池的中国公司宁德时代则不同。

当笔者在2017年第一次与该公司取得联系时，对方直接拒绝了我们的采访。

“We want to concentrate on our products only and do not accept any interviews at present.” These days it is only marginally less blunt. “Unfortunately, we are sorry that it’s hard for us to arrange [interviews] at the moment.” The temptation is to give it a dose of its own medicine and ignore it.“我们只想专注于我们的产品，目前不接受任何采访。

”如今，该公司的态度没有过去那么生硬了，但也只是稍微缓和。

New ways of selling books clash with France’s old pricing rules在法国，新的书籍销售模式与旧的定价规则相冲突Can a“one book,one price”principle survive e-commerce?“一书一价”原则能否在电子商务的洪流中继续生存A book is so much more than mere ink and paper.So insist French booksellers,who for nearly four decades have successfully lobbied to keep the forces of the free market at bay.说起书籍，它不仅仅是墨水和纸张。

法国书商一直是这样认为的，近40年来，他们的游说成功地遏制了自由市场的发展。

A law passed in1981bans the sale of any book at anything other than the price decreed by its publisher.Authorities are cracking down on those trying to flog the latest Thomas Piketty or J.K.Rowling at a discount. 1981年，法国通过了一项法律，要求任何书籍必须以出版商规定的价格来出售。

法国当局正在打击那些试图打折出售托马斯·皮凯蒂或J·K·罗琳最新作品的人。

The fixed-price rule is meant to keep customers loyal to their local bookshop and out of the clutches of supermarkets and hypercapitaliste American corporations.固定价格的规定是为了让顾客忠于当地的书店，并免受超级市场和美国超级资本主义公司的诱惑。

考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：收入与幸福感Happiness and Income收入与幸福感Everything that rises must converge幸福的家庭总是相似的Emerging markets are catching up with the West inthe happiness stakes新兴国家的幸福指数将要赶上西方POETS, songwriters and left-wing politicians hate theidea, but for decades opinion-poll evidence has been clear: money buys happiness and thericher you are, the more likely you are to express satisfaction with your life. Until now. Asurvey of 43 countries published on October 30th by the Pew Research Centre of Washington,DC, shows that people in emerging markets are within a whisker of expressing the same levelof satisfaction as people in rich countries. It is the biggest qualification to the standard viewof happiness and income seen so far.诗人，作词家，左翼政治家总是反驳这样一个观点：钱可以买到幸福，一个人越有钱，他对生活的满意感就可能越高。

但是十年来民意调查却清楚证明了这一点。

不过，位于华盛顿特区的皮尤研究中心调查了43个国家后，发现发展中国家的人对生活满意度与富有国家的人们生活满意度相差无几。

In Japan,fewer people means more animals在日本，人口数量的减少意味着动物数量的增加Deer,bears and boars are becoming more numerous—and bolder 鹿、熊和野猪的数量越来越多，它们胆子也变得越来越大For a long time hikers in Japan have considered a bear bell essential.Its tinny ring is said to scare off the huge creatures.Nowadays,however,bear bells are increasingly useful on the way to the shops as well as in the wild.长久以来，日本的徒步旅行者一直将驱熊铃视为必备之物。

据说，驱熊铃所发出的微弱声响能够吓跑这些庞然大物。

然而，如今，无论你是在去商店的路上还是在野外，驱熊铃的作用越来越大了。

“The number of animals—whether bears,boars or monkeys—is expanding,and they are going into villages and towns,”says Hiroto Enari of Yamagata University.山形大学的Hiroto Enari说:“动物（无论是熊、野猪还是猴子）的数量正在增加，而且它们正在逼近村庄和城镇。

”Japan is home to many species of wild animals,including both black and brown bears.Estimates of their numbers are wobbly,but since the2000sthe number of bear sightings has been rising.There were close to13,000 in2018alone.日本境内生活着多种野生动物，其中包括黑熊和棕熊。

Anxiety does not cause bad results in exams焦虑不会导致考试成绩不好The problem is in the run-up, not the main event问题出在准备阶段，而不是考试阶段Exams are nerve-racking, especially for those already of an anxious disposition. The silence of the hall; the ticking of the clock; the beady eye of the invigilator; the smug expression of the person sitting at the neighbouring desk who has finished 15 minutes early. It therefore seems hardly surprising that those who worry about taking tests do systematically worse than those who do not.考试是一件伤脑筋的事，尤其是对那些本来就容易焦虑的人来说。

走廊里一片寂静；时钟滴答作响；监考老师目光锐利；邻桌的考试提前15分钟完成作答，露出得意的表情。

因此，那些担心考试的人会比那些不担心考试的人表现更差，这似乎并不奇怪。

What is, perhaps, surprising, according to research published recently in Psychological Scienceby Maria Theobald at the Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education and her colleagues, is that it is not the pressure of the exam hall which causes the problem. It is the pressure of revision.莱布尼茨教育研究与信息研究所的玛丽亚·西奥博尔德和她的同事们最近在《心理科学》杂志上发表了一项研究，令人惊讶的是，引发这一问题的并不是考场的压力，而是复习的压力。

考研英语19年阅读答案考研英语阅读部分一直是考生们备考的重点和难点。

2019年的考研英语阅读题目，不仅考察了考生的词汇量和语法知识，还对考生的逻辑推理能力和快速阅读能力提出了挑战。

以下是对2019年考研英语阅读部分的答案解析。

首先，考生需要掌握大量的词汇，这是理解文章的基础。

在2019年的阅读题目中，很多词汇都是高频考点，比如“innovation”、“sustainability”和“diversity”等。

考生在备考过程中，应该重点记忆这些高频词汇，以便在考试中能够迅速识别和理解。

其次，阅读理解能力的提高需要大量的练习。

2019年的阅读材料涵盖了多个领域，包括科技、教育、经济和社会问题等。

考生应该广泛阅读这些领域的文章，通过不断的练习来提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。

在解题技巧方面，考生需要注意文章的结构和逻辑关系。

2019年的阅读题目中，很多问题都是基于文章的主旨和细节来设置的。

因此，考生在阅读时应该关注文章的开头和结尾，以及段落之间的转折词，如“however”、“furthermore”和“nevertheless”等，这些词往往提示了文章的主旨和作者的观点。

此外，考生在做题时还应该注意时间管理。

2019年的阅读部分共有四篇文章，每篇文章后面都有五个问题，总共20个问题。

考生应该合理分配时间，每篇文章大约用时15分钟，包括阅读文章和回答问题的时间。

最后，考生在备考过程中应该多做真题和模拟题，这样可以更好地了解考试的题型和难度，同时也能够检验自己的备考效果。

综上所述，2019年考研英语阅读的答案不仅需要考生具备扎实的词汇基础和阅读能力，还需要掌握一定的解题技巧和时间管理能力。

通过系统的学习和大量的练习，考生可以在考试中取得理想的成绩。

考研时文阅读二选自《经济学人》AMID the hubbub over a few less-bad-than-expected statistics, America’s economic debate has turned to the nature of the recovery. Optimists expect a vigorous rebound as confidence returns, pent-up demand is unleashed and massive government stimulus takes effect. Most observers, including this newspaper, are bracing for a long slog, as debt-laden consumers rebuild their savings, output growth remains weak and unemployment continues to rise. There is, however, something that eventually will have a much bigger impact on Americans’ prosperity than the slope of the recovery. That is the effect of the crisis on America’s potential rate of growth itself.在对一些比预期稍好的数据的聒噪中，对美国经济的争论倒向了恢复的一边。

乐观人士预计在信心回稳、抑制的需求得到释放以及政府大规模刺激方案取得成效的情况下，经济会有力的反弹。

包括本报在内的多数观察家则认为慢慢前路仍充满艰险，因为深陷债务泥潭的消费者在重新建立他们的储蓄，出口增长依然疲软而且未就业人数继续上升。

China’s grand,gloomy sci-fi is going global中国宏大而黑暗的科幻电影正在走向世界In the future,when the Sun runs out of fuel and begins to expand, Earthlings dig thousands of mountain-sized rockets into their planet’s surface and use them to propel their home away from certain destruction.未来，当太阳燃料耗尽并开始膨胀之时，地球人将建造成千上万坐山一般大小的发动机，推动着地球家园离去，以免遭毁灭。

Billions die,as to turn the Earth into an effective mobile ark,its natural rotation must be halted.The resulting tsunamis wipe out entire continents, and with them all life not safely ensconced underground.为了让地球成为一个能够远航的方舟，必须让其停止自转，数十亿人为此而献身。

停止自转所引发的海啸吞噬了整个大陆，所有生命只得生存在并不安全的地下。

This is the plot of“The Wandering Earth”,a Chinese film adapted from a short story of the same name by Liu Cixin,China’s leading writer of science fiction.After taking over$700m in cinemas,mostly in China,it launched on Netflix in May,making it the first Chinese sci-fi movie to go global.这是根据中国著名科幻作家刘慈欣的同名短篇小说改编的电影《流浪地球》的故事情节。