15-819K Logic Programming Lecture 7 Lifting

《EDA技术与项目训练》选择题二、EDA名词解释，（10分）写出下列缩写的中文（或者英文）含义：1.ASIC 专用集成电路2.FPGA 现场可编程门阵列3.CPLD 复杂可编程逻辑器件4.EDA 电子设计自动化5.IP 知识产权核6.SOC 单芯片系统二、名词解释，写出下列缩写的中文（或者英文）含义：1. FPGA Field－Programmable Gate Array 现场可编程门阵列2VHDL Very-High-Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language)甚高速集成电路硬件描述语言3 HDL Hardware Description Language硬件描述语言5 CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device复杂可编程逻辑器件6PLD Programmable Logic Device 可编程逻辑器件7GAL generic array logic通用阵列逻辑B Logic Array Block逻辑阵列块9. CLB Configurable Logic Block 可配置逻辑模块10 EAB Embedded Array Block 嵌入式阵列块11SOPC System-on-a-Programmable-Chip 可编程片上系统12. LUT Look-Up Table 查找表13. JTAG Joint Test Action Group 联合测试行为组织14.IP Intellectual Property 知识产15ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuits 专用集成电路16 ISP In System Programmable 在系统可编程17 ICR In Circuit Re-config 在电路可重构18 RTL Register Transfer Level 寄存器传输19EDA Electronic Design Automation 电子设计自动化信号与变量的区别：信号赋值语句在进程外作为并行语句，并发执行，与语句所处的位置无关。

单片机国外教材
以下是一些单片机国外教材：
1. 《The C Programming Language, 2nd Edition》【美】Brian W. Kernighan David M. Rithie（K & R）着。

2. 《C Primer Plus，5thEdition》【美】Stephen Prata着。

3. 《嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解》。

4. 《深入理解Linux内核》（第三版）。

5. 《Linux内核源代码情景分析》毛德操胡希明著。

6. 《UNIX Network Programming》（UNP）。

7. 《TCP/IP详解》。

8. 《Linux内核编程》。

9. 《Linux设备驱动开发》（LDD）。

10. 《Linux高级程序设计》杨宗德著。

此外，《电子学》、《新编电子电路大全-合订本》、《电路原理第七版》、《嵌入式硬件设计第二版》和《精通开关电源设计中文版》等书籍也值得参考。

请注意，上述教材并不包括所有国外单片机教材，建议到电子相关专业论坛查询，获取更全面的信息。

1About the T utorialLISP is the second-oldest high-level programming language after Fortran and has changed a great deal since its early days, and a number of dialects have existed over its history. Today, the most widely known general-purpose LISP dialects are Common LISP and Scheme.This tutorial takes you through features of LISP Programming language by simple and practical approach of learning.AudienceThis reference has been prepared for the beginners to help them understand the basic to advanced concepts related to LISP Programming language.PrerequisitesBefore you start doing practice with various types of examples given in this reference, we assume that you are already aware of the fundamentals of computer programming and programming languages.Copyright & DisclaimerCopyright 2014 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher.You strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at **************************iT able of ContentsAbout the Tutorial (i)Audience (i)Prerequisites (i)Copyright & Disclaimer (i)Table of Contents (ii)1.OVERVIEW (1)Features of Common LISP (1)Applications Developed in LISP (1)2.ENVIRONMENT SETUP (3)How to Use CLISP (3)3.PROGRAM STRUCTURE (4)A Simple LISP Program (4)LISP Uses Prefix Notation (5)Evaluation of LISP Programs (5)The 'Hello World' Program (6)4.BASIC SYNTAX (7)Basic Elements in LISP (7)Adding Comments (8)Notable Points (8)LISP Forms (8)Naming Conventions in LISP (9)Use of Single Quotation Mark (9)5.DATA TYPES (11)Type Specifiers in LISP (11)6.MACROS (14)Defining a Macro (14)7.VARIABLES (15)Global Variables (15)Local Variables (16)8.CONSTANTS (18)9.OPERATORS (19)Arithmetic Operations (19)Comparison Operations (20)Logical Operations on Boolean Values (22)Bitwise Operations on Numbers (24)10.DECISION MAKING (27)The cond Construct in LISP (28)The if Construct (29)The when Construct (30)The case Construct (31)11.LOOPS (32)The loop Construct (33)The loop for Construct (33)The do Construct (35)The dotimes Construct (36)The dolist Construct (37)Exiting Gracefully from a Block (38)12.FUNCTIONS (40)Defining Functions in LISP (40)Optional Parameters (41)Keyword Parameters (43)Returning Values from a Function (43)Lambda Functions (45)Mapping Functions (45)13.PREDICATES (47)14.NUMBERS (51)Various Numeric Types in LISP (52)Number Functions (53)15.CHARACTERS (56)Special Characters (56)Character Comparison Functions (57)16.ARRAYS (59)17.STRINGS (66)String Comparison Functions (66)Case Controlling Functions (68)Trimming Strings (69)Other String Functions (70)18.SEQUENCES (73)Creating a Sequence (73)Generic Functions on Sequences (73)Standard Sequence Function Keyword Arguments (76)Finding Length and Element (76)Modifying Sequences (77)Sorting and Merging Sequences (78)Sequence Predicates (79)19.LISTS (81)The Cons Record Structure (81)Creating Lists with list Function in LISP (82)List Manipulating Functions (83)Concatenation of car and cdr Functions (85)20.SYMBOLS (86)Property Lists (86)21.VECTORS (89)Creating Vectors (89)Fill Pointer Argument (90)22.SET (92)Implementing Sets in LISP (92)Checking Membership (93)Set Union (94)Set Intersection (95)Set Difference (96)23.TREE (98)Tree as List of Lists (98)Tree Functions in LISP (98)Building Your Own Tree (100)Adding a Child Node into a Tree (100)24.HASH TABLE (103)Creating Hash Table in LISP (103)Retrieving Items from Hash Table (104)Adding Items into Hash Table (104)Applying a Specified Function on Hash Table (106)25.INPUT & OUTPUT (107)Input Functions (107)Reading Input from Keyboard (108)Output Functions (110)Formatted Output (113)26.FILE I/O (115)Opening Files (115)Writing to and Reading from Files (116)Closing a File (118)27.STRUCTURES (119)Defining a Structure (119)28.PACKAGES (122)Package Functions in LISP (122)Creating a Package (123)Using a Package (123)Deleting a Package (125)29.ERROR HANDLING (127)Signaling a Condition (127)Handling a Condition (127)Restarting or Continuing the Program Execution (128)Error Signaling Functions in LISP (131)MON LISP OBJECT SYSTEMS (133)Defining Classes (133)Providing Access and Read/Write Control to a Slot (133)Defining a Class Method (135)Inheritance (136)LISP8LISP stands for LIS t P rogramming. John McCarthy invented LISP in 1958, shortly after the development of FORTRAN. It was first implemented by Steve Russell on an IBM 704 computer. It is particularly suitable for Artificial Intelligence programs, as it processes symbolic information efficiently.Common LISP originated during the decade of 1980 to 1990, in an attempt to unify the work of several implementation groups, as a successor of Maclisp like ZetaLisp and New Implementation of LISP (NIL) etc.It serves as a common language, which can be easily extended for specific implementation. Programs written in Common LISP do not depend on machine-specific characteristics, such as word length etc.Features of Common LISP∙ It is machine-independent∙ It uses iterative design methodology∙ It has easy extensibility∙ It allows to update the programs dynamically∙ It provides high level debugging.∙ It provides advanced object-oriented programming.∙ It provides convenient macro system.∙ It provides wide-ranging data types like, objects, structures, lists, vectors, adjustable arrays, hash-tables, and symbols.∙ It is expression-based.∙ It provides an object-oriented condition system.∙ It provides complete I/O library.∙ It provides extensive control structures.1. OVERVIEWLISPApplications Developed in LISPThe following applications are developed in LISP: Large successful applications built in LISP.∙Emacs: It is a cross platform editor with the features of extensibility, customizability, self-document ability, and real-time display.∙G2∙AutoCad∙Igor Engraver∙Yahoo Store9LISP10CLISP is the GNU Common LISP multi-architechtural compiler used for setting up LISP in Windows. The Windows version emulates Unix environment using MingW under Windows. The installer takes care of this and automatically adds CLISP to the Windows PATH variable.You can get the latest CLISP for Windows at:/projects/clisp/files/latest/downloadIt creates a shortcut in the Start Menu by default, for the line-by-line interpreter.How to Use CLISPDuring installation, CLISP is automatically added to your PATH variable if you select the option (RECOMMENDED). It means that you can simply open a new Command window and type "clisp" to bring up the compiler. To run a *.lisp or *.lsp file, simply use: clisp hello.lisp2. ENVIRONMENT SETUPLISP11LISP expressions are called symbolic expressions or S-expressions. The S-expressions are composed of three valid objects:∙ Atoms ∙ Lists ∙StringsAny S-expression is a valid program. LISP programs run either on an interpreter or as compiled code.The interpreter checks the source code in a repeated loop, which is also called the Read-Evaluate-Print Loop (REPL). It reads the program code, evaluates it, and prints the values returned by the program.A Simple LISP ProgramLet us write an s-expression to find the sum of three numbers 7, 9 and 11. To do this, we can type at the interpreter prompt ->: (+7911)LISP returns the following result: 27If you would like to execute the same program as a compiled code, then create a LISP source code file named myprog.lisp and type the following code in it: (write(+7911))When you click the Execute button, or type Ctrl+E, LISP executes it immediately and the result is: 273. PROGRAM STRUCTURELISP Uses Prefix NotationIn prefix notation, operators are written before their operands. You might have noted that LISP uses prefix notation. In the above program, the ‘+’ symbol works as a function name for the process of summation of the numbers.For example, the following expression,a * (b +c ) / dis written in LISP as:(/ (* a (+ b c) ) d)Let us take another example. Let us write code for converting Fahrenheit temperature of 60o F to the centigrade scale:The mathematical expression for this conversion is:(60 * 9 / 5) + 32Create a source code file named main.lisp and type the following code in it:(write(+ (* (/ 9 5) 60) 32))When you click the Execute button, or type Ctrl+E, MATLAB executes it immediately and the result is:140Evaluation of LISP ProgramsThe LISP program has two parts:∙Translation of program text into LISP objects by a reader program.∙Implementation of the semantics of the language in terms of LSIP objects by an evaluator program.The evaluation program takes the following steps:∙The reader translates the strings of characters to LISP objects or s-expressions.12∙The evaluator defines syntax of LISP forms that are built from s-expressions.∙This second level of evaluation defines a syntax that determines which s-expressions are LISP forms.∙The evaluator works as a function that takes a valid LISP form as an argument and returns a value. This is the reason why we put the LISP expression in parenthesis, because we are sending the entire expression/form to the evaluator as argument.The 'Hello World' ProgramLearning a new programming language does not really take off until you learn how to greet the entire world in that language, right ?Let us create new source code file named main.lisp and type the following code in it:(write-line "Hello World")(write-line "I am at 'Tutorials Point'! Learning LISP")When you click the Execute button, or type Ctrl+E, LISP executes it immediately and the result is:Hello WorldI am at 'Tutorials Point'! Learning LISP13LISP14This chapter introduces you to basic syntax structure in LISP.Basic Elements in LISPLISP programs are made up of three basic elements:∙ atom ∙ list ∙stringAn atom is a number or string of contiguous characters. It includes numbers and special characters. The following examples show some valid atoms: hello-from-tutorials-point name 123008907 *hello* Block#221 abc123A list is a sequence of atoms and/or other lists enclosed in parentheses. The following examples show some valid lists: ( i am a list) (a ( a b c) d e fgh)(father tom ( susan bill joe)) (sun mon tue wed thur fri sat) ( )A string is a group of characters enclosed in double quotation marks. The following examples show some valid strings:4. BASIC SYNTAX" I am a string""a ba c d efg #$%^&!""Please enter the following details:""Hello from 'Tutorials Point'! "Adding CommentsThe semicolon symbol (;) is used for indicating a comment line.Example(write-line "Hello World") ; greet the world; tell them your whereabouts(write-line "I am at 'Tutorials Point'! Learning LISP")When you click the Execute button, or type Ctrl+E, LISP executes it immediately and the result returned is:Hello WorldI am at 'Tutorials Point'! Learning LISPNotable PointsThe following important points are notable:∙The basic numeric operations in LISP are +, -, *, and /∙LISP represents a function call f(x) as (f x), for example cos(45) is written as cos 45∙LISP expressions are not case-sensitive. Means, cos 45 or COS 45 are same.∙LISP tries to evaluate everything, including the arguments of a function. Only three types of elements are constants and always return their own value:o Numberso The letter t, that stands for logical trueo The value nil, that stands for logical false, as well as an empty list.15LISP FormsIn the previous chapter, we mentioned that the evaluation process of LISP code takes the following steps:∙The reader translates the strings of characters to LISP objects or s-expressions.∙The evaluator defines syntax of LISP forms that are built from s-expressions.This second level of evaluation defines a syntax that determines which s-expressions are LISP forms.A LISP form can be:∙An atom∙An empty list or non-list∙Any list that has a symbol as its first elementThe evaluator works as a function that takes a valid LISP form as an argument and returns a value.This is the reason why we put the LISP expression in parenthesis,because we are sending the entire expression/form to the evaluator as argument.Naming Conventions in LISPName or symbols can consist of any number of alphanumeric characters other than whitespace, open and closing parentheses, double and single quotes, backslash, comma, colon, semicolon and vertical bar. To use these characters in a name, you need to use escape character (\).A name can have digits but must not be made of only digits, because then it would be read as a number. Similarly a name can have periods, but cannot be entirely made of periods.Use of Single Quotation MarkLISP evaluates everything including the function arguments and list members.At times, we need to take atoms or lists literally and do not want them evaluated or treated as function calls. To do this, we need to precede the atom or the list with a single quotation mark.16The following example demonstrates this:Create a file named main.lisp and type the following code into it:(write-line "single quote used, it inhibits evaluation")(write '(* 2 3))(write-line " ")(write-line "single quote not used, so expression evaluated")(write (* 2 3))When you click the Execute button, or type Ctrl+E, LISP executes it immediately and the result is:single quote used, it inhibits evaluation(* 2 3)single quote not used, so expression evaluated617LISP18LISP data types can be categorized as:Scalar types - numbers, characters, symbols etc. Data structures - lists, vectors, bit-vectors, and strings.Any variable can take any LISP object as its value, unless you declare it explicitly. Although, it is not necessary to specify a data type for a LISP variable, however, it helps in certain loop expansions, in method declarations and some other situations that we will discuss in later chapters.The data types are arranged into a hierarchy. A data type is a set of LISP objects and many objects may belong to one such set.The typep predicate is used for finding whether an object belongs to a specific type. The type-of function returns the data type of a given object.T ype Specifiers in LISPType specifiers are system-defined symbols for data types.Array fixnum package simple-string Atom float pathname simple-vector Bignum function random-state single-float Bit hash-table Ratio standard-char bit-vector integer Rational stream Character keyword readtable string [common]listsequence[string-char]5. DATA TYPESLISP compiled-function long-float short-float symbolComplex nill signed-byte tCons null simple-array unsigned-bytedouble-float number simple-bit-vector vectorApart from these system-defined types, you can create your own data types. When a structure type is defined using defstruct function, the name of the structure type becomes a valid type symbol.>/p>Example 1Create new source code file named main.lisp and type the following code in it:(setq x 10)(setq y 34.567)(setq ch nil)(setq n 123.78)(setq bg 11.0e+4)(setq r 124/2)(print x)(print y)(print n)(print ch)(print bg)(print r)When you click the Execute button, or type Ctrl+E, LISP executes it immediately and the result returned is:1034.567123.78NIL19LISP110000.062Example 2Next let us check the types of the variables used in the previous example. Create new source code file named main.lisp and type the following code in it:(setq x 10)(setq y 34.567)(setq ch nil)(setq n 123.78)(setq bg 11.0e+4)(setq r 124/2)(print (type-of x))(print (type-of y))(print (type-of n))(print (type-of ch))(print (type-of bg))(print (type-of r))When you click the Execute button, or type Ctrl+E, LISP executes it immediately and the result is:(INTEGER 0 281474976710655)SINGLE-FLOATSINGLE-FLOATNULLSINGLE-FLOAT(INTEGER 0 281474976710655)20LISP 21LISP22This chapter introduces you about macros in LISP.A macro is a function that takes an s-expression as arguments and returns a LISP form, which is then evaluated. Macros allow you to extend the syntax of standard LISP.Defining a MacroIn LISP, a named macro is defined using another macro named defmacro. Syntax for defining a macro is:(defmacro macro-name (parameter-list)"Optional documentation string."body-form)The macro definition consists of the name of the macro, a parameter list, an optional documentation string, and a body of LISP expressions that defines the job to be performed by the macro.ExampleLet us write a simple macro named setTo10, which takes a number and sets its value to 10.Create new source code file named main.lisp and type the following code in it: defmacro setTo10(num)(setq num 10)(print num))(setq x 25)(print x)(setTo10 x)When you click the Execute button, or type Ctrl+E, LISP executes it immediately and the result is:6. MACROSLISP251023LISP24In LISP, each variable is represented by a symbol. The name of the variable is the name of the symbol and it is stored in the storage cell of the symbol. Global V ariablesGlobal variables are generally declared using the defvar construct. Global variables have permanent values throughout the LISP system and remain in effect until new values are specified.Example(defvar x 234)(write x)When you click the Execute button, or type Ctrl+E, LISP executes it immediately and the result is:234As there is no type declaration for variables in LISP, you need to specify a value for a symbol directly with the setq construct.Example->(setq x 10)The above expression assigns the value 10 to the variable x. You can refer to the variable using the symbol itself as an expression.The symbol-value function allows you to extract the value stored at the symbol storage place.ExampleCreate new source code file named main.lisp and type the following code in it: (setq x 10)(setq y 20)7. VARIABLES(format t "x = ~2d y = ~2d ~%" x y)(setq x 100)(setq y 200)(format t "x = ~2d y = ~2d" x y)When you click the Execute button, or type Ctrl+E, LISP executes it immediately and the result is:x = 10 y = 20x = 100 y = 200Local V ariablesLocal variables are defined within a given procedure. The parameters named as arguments within a function definition are also local variables. Local variables are accessible only within the respective function.Like the global variables, local variables can also be created using the setq construct. There are two other constructs - let and prog for creating local variables.The let construct has the following syntax:(let ((var1 val1) (var2 val2).. (varn valn))<s-expressions>)Where var1, var2,…,varn are variable names and val1, val2,…, valn are the initial values assigned to the respective variables.When let is executed, each variable is assigned the respective value and at last, the s-expression is evaluated. The value of the last expression evaluated is returned.If you do not include an initial value for a variable, the variable is assigned to nil. ExampleCreate new source code file named main.lisp and type the following code in it:(let ((x 'a)(y 'b)(z 'c))(format t "x = ~a y = ~a z = ~a" x y z))25When you click the Execute button, or type Ctrl+E, LISP executes it immediately and the result is:x = A y = B z = CThe prog construct also has the list of local variables as its first argument, which is followed by the body of the prog,and any number of s-expressions.26End of ebook previewIf you liked what you saw…Buy it from our store @ https://27。

Syllabus of『Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics』(数理经济学基础)Course DetailsSemester: 2005-2006学年,第2学期Lecturer 张明恒PhD., Associate ProfessorOffice: (教学行政大楼) Teachers Official Buildings 512RoomOffice Time: P.M.6:30 – 8:30, TuesdayTelephone: +86 21 6590 2567E-Mail: mingheng@Coordinator:Date: 3/4,Wed;1/2,FridayRoom: 1405Rm, No.1 Teaching Buildings(1405,国定路一教) Website: /~mingheng/MathEcon.htmlStudent Background(i)the pre-session mathematics course(ii)the background mathematical material(iii)the fundamental of EconomicsGeneral AdviceThe key to success in a course like mathematical economics is to work carefully and consistently on the course material as the semester progresses. Falling behind with the course material is a recipe for disaster. Therefore students are strongly urged to attempt to complete the exercise sheets prior to attending the examples class and to read the appropriate chapters in the course text in conjunction with their lecture notes.The learning resources(i)the office hours of the lecturer when he will be available to see students;or make appointment by email or phone to meet the lecturer at anothertime(ii)the textbooks (incl. the materials on the classroom)(iii)the materials on the course web page(iv)the discussion with (the advice from) colleagues and friends on the course AimsThe aims of this course are to(i)Provide an introduction to mathematical methods for economics that willassist students in understanding mathematical research in their field;(ii)Enable students to apply these mathematical methods in their own research.ObjectivesAt the end of the course students should be able to(i) Demonstrate their understanding of the mathematical methods foreconomics;(ii)Understand and study Equilibrium Analysis, Comparative Statics Analysis, Optimization (multivariate), Dynamic Economic, Simultaneous Equations andLinear Programming etc.;(iii)Ready to advanced microeconomics, macroeconomics and econometrics.List of Readings1)Chuang,A.C., Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics,McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1984, 3rd Ed. (刘学译, 数理经济学的基本方法, 商务印书馆,2003年)(Text Book).2)Silbergerg, E., The Structure of Economics – A Mathematical Analysis,McGraw-Hill Education - Europe, 1990, 2nd ed, paperback.3)Klein,M.W., Mathematical methods for Economics, Addison-Wesley, 1998.4)Dowling,E.,T., Theory and Problems of Introduction to Mathematical Economics, 3nd5)Handbook of Mathematical Economics Vol.1-6,6)International Journal on Mathematical Economics such asi.Journal of Mathematical Economicsii.Journal of Economics Theoryiii.Journal of Economics and Businessiv.Journal of Mathematical Financev.Journal of Econometricsvi.Mathematical Social Sciencesvii.Economics Modellingviii.Economics Lettersix.Economics Theoryx.Game TheoryLecturesChapter 1 Nature of Mathematical Economics/数理经济学的实质Chapter 2 Economic Models/经济模型Chapter 3 Equilibrium Analysis in Economics/静态均衡分析，市场均衡模型，国民收入均衡模型Chapter 4 Linear Models and Matrix Algebra/线性模型与矩阵代数Chapter 5 Linear Models and Matrix Algebra/线性模型与矩阵代数，市场模型，国民收入模型，Leontief投入产出模型Chapter 6 Comparative Statics and the Derivative/比较静态分析，变化率/导数/曲率，极限定理，函数的连续性与可微性Chapter 7 Rules of Differentiation and Comparative Statics，微分法则，偏微分，Jacobi行列式Chapter 8 Comparative Statics of General Function Models，全微分/全导数，隐函数存在定理，一般函数模型的比较静态分析Chapter 9 Optimization (univariate)，最优值与级值，导数检验，Maclaurin/Taylor 级数Chapter 10 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions/指数函数与对数函数，自然指数与增长问题，最优时间安排Chapter 11 Optimization (multivariate)/多变量的最优化，最优化条件的微分形式，二次型，目标函数，Hessian矩阵检验，函数的凹/凸性与极值问题，多产品厂商问题，价格歧视，投入决策Chapter 12 Optimization with Equality Constraints/具有约束方程的最优化，Lagrange Multiplier, Bordered Hessian Matrix检验，二阶条件效用最大化与消费需求，齐次函数/生产函数，投入最小成本组合Chapter 13 Economic Dynamics and Integral Calculus/动态经济学与积分学，动态与积分，定积分/不定积分/广义积分，Domar增长模型Chapter 14 First Order Differential Equations/连续时间的一阶微分方程，市场价格的动态过程，恰当微分方程，非线性微分方程Solow增长模型Chapter 15 Higher Order Differential Equations/高阶微分方程，复数，三角函数，复数根，具有价格预期的市场模型、通货膨胀与失业模型Chapter 16 First Order Difference Equations/离散时间的一阶差分方程，均衡的动态性，蛛网模型，具有存货的市场模型，非线性差分方程Chapter 17 Higher Order Difference Equations/高阶差分方程，Samuelson数乘加速模型，通货膨胀与失业模型Chapter 18 Simultaneous Differential and Difference Equations/联立微分和差分方程动态投入产出模型Chapter 19 Linear Programming/线性规划，单纯形SimplexChapter 20 Linear programming - cont./线性规划（续），对偶定理，活动的微观和宏观水平Chapter 21 Non-Linear Programming/非线性规划，Kuhn-Tucker定理，约束规范，Arrow-Enthoven定理Chapter 22 Game Theory / 搏弈论Chapter 23 1st Seminarspetitive Equilibrium Hyperinflation under Rational Expectations, Also see epge.fgv.br/portal/arquivo/1792.pdf2.Multiple Equilibria with Externalities，Also see/depts/econ/dp/0409.pdfChapter 23 2nd Seminars1.Dynamic Analysis of a Solow-Romer model of endgenous Economical GrowthAlso see .au/policy/ftp/workpapr/ip-68.pdf2.Seignorage, Productive Government Spending and Growth in a Lucasian General Equilibrium Model Also see /economics/staff/hmk/paper/HMKAW96.PDFSupplemental Materials for a ChoiceChapter 51)Leontief, Wassily W. “Input-Output Economics.” Scientific American, October1951, pp.15-21.2)Iris Jensen ,The Leontief Open Production Model or Input-Output Analysis3)Internet Resources for the Leontief Model/mathews/n2003/leontiefmodel/LeontiefModelBib/Links/LeontiefMo delBib_lnk_1.htmlChapter 71)The Financial Returns to Education2)Why Does’t Capital Flow to Poor Counters?, See Robert E. Lucas,Jr., American EconomicView, V ol.80,No.2,pp.92 – 96, 1990(May)Chapter 81)Growth Accounting,Cobb-Douglas Production Function2)The Division of national IncomeChapter 111)Properties of a Valid Cost Function2)Government Revenue3)Isabel Correia and Pedro Teles,The Optimal Inflation Tax4)Jens Suedekum, Profit maximization and firm supply under perfect competition,University of Konstanz,Chapter 121)Dan Segal, A Multi-Product Cost Study of the U.S. Life Insurance Industry, RotmanSchool of Management,University of Toronto2)Martin Feldstein, “College Scholarship Rules and Private Savings”, American EconomicReview, Vol.85, No. 3,pp. 552 –566(June, 1995)Chapter 131)Economics Growth modelChapter 141)Charles I. Jones, A Note on the Closed-Form Solution of the Solow Model2)Fadhel Kaboub, Long-run Keynesian Growth Theory: Harrod and Domar vs.Solow Chapter 151)Tor Jacobson, Johan Lyhagen†, Rolf Larsson and MarianneNessén,Inflation, Exchange Rates and PPP in a Multivariate Panel Cointegration Model, Sveriges Riksbank Working Paper Series No. 145,December 20022)Pierre L. Siklos, INFLATION AND HYPERINFLATION, Department of EconomicsWilfrid Laurier UniversityChapter 161)Money and Prices Model2)Philip Cagan “The monetary Dynamics of Hyperinflation”, Studies in the Quanlity Theory ofMoney, ed., Milton Friedman (Univ. of Chicago Press, 1956)Chapter 171)Nicholas Rau,Introduction to Growth Theory, University College London2)Economic Problems of Developing AreasChapter 181)The Dynamic Variable Input-Output Model: An Advancement From The Leontief DynamicInput-Output Model,Annals of Regional Science, Vol. 34, No. 4, January 20012)Obst,N.M., “Stabilization Policy with an Inflation Adjustment Mechanism,” The Quarterly,Journal of Economics, 92 (May 1978), pp.355-359Chapter 191)Linear programming2)/otc/Guide/OptWeb/3)Global Optimization4)http://www.fi.uib.no/~antonych/glob.html5)Tom Cavalier's Optimization Links/faculty/t/m/tmc7/tmclinks.html6)Optimization Center at Northwestern Univ.7)/OTC/8)Yinyu ye at Stanfod9)/~yyye/Chapter 201)J. J. H. Forrest and J. A. Tomlin,Implementing the simplex method for the OptimizationSubroutine Library, IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL, VOL 31,NO 1, 1992ATTENDANCESince exams will test your knowledge of materials covered in class, you are expected to attend class. You are responsible for material covered in class (including changes in assignment or rescheduling the test) even if you are unavoidably absent.GRADING POLICYYour final grade will be based on your performance on two exams and homework and it will be determined as follows:Mid exam 15%Final exam 60%Homework 15%Class participation 10%Total 100%Your total will be converted into final course grade and plus and minus grading will be used in this course.。

第5节• BESTlogic+ 可编程逻辑目录第5节• BESTlogic+ 可编程逻辑 .............................................................................................................5-1介绍........................................................................................................................................................5-1 BESTlogic+总述.....................................................................................................................................5-1 BESTlogic+ 构成................................................................................................................................5-2 I/O...................................................................................................................................................5-2部件.................................................................................................................................................5-4要素.................................................................................................................................................5-5逻辑配置.................................................................................................................................................5-7有源逻辑配置......................................................................................................................................5-7复制和重新命名逻辑配置....................................................................................................................5-7发送和更新逻辑配置...........................................................................................................................5-8从DGC-2020中更新逻辑配置........................................................................................................5-8发送逻辑配置给DGC-2020............................................................................................................5-8可编程BESTlogic+................................................................................................................................5-8 I/O.......................................................................................................................................................5-8输入对象..........................................................................................................................................5-8输出对象..........................................................................................................................................5-9报警.................................................................................................................................................5-9预警.................................................................................................................................................5-9发送器.............................................................................................................................................5-9部件....................................................................................................................................................5-9逻辑门.............................................................................................................................................5-9闭锁.................................................................................................................................................5-9设定和回复计时器...........................................................................................................................5-9逻辑注释块....................................................................................................................................5-10要素..................................................................................................................................................5-10保护要素........................................................................................................................................5-10控制要素........................................................................................................................................5-10其它...............................................................................................................................................5-10 BESTlogic+ 文件管理...........................................................................................................................5-10保存BESTlogic+可编程逻辑文件.................................................................................................5-10打开BESTlogic+文件 ...................................................................................................................5-10上传BESTlogic+ 文件...................................................................................................................5-10下载BESTlogic+ 文件...................................................................................................................5-10打印 BESTlogic+ 文件..................................................................................................................5-11清除屏幕上逻辑图表.....................................................................................................................5-11 BESTlogic+ 举例..................................................................................................................................5-11例 1 – AVR逻辑块连接 ....................................................................................................................5-11例 2 – 与门连接................................................................................................................................5-11例 3 – 多个逻辑连接.........................................................................................................................5-11图图 5-1. BESTlogic+ 可编程逻辑树分支......................................................................................................5-1图 5-2. 设定和回复计时器逻辑块...............................................................................................................5-9图 5-3. 逻辑注释块...................................................................................................................................5-10图 5-4. BESTlogic+ 可编程逻辑工具栏....................................................................................................5-10图 5-5. 例1 – AVR逻辑块连接................................................................................................................5-11图 5-6. 例 2 – 与门连接............................................................................................................................5-11图 5-7. 例 3 – 多个逻辑连接.....................................................................................................................5-12表表 5-1. I/O 组, 名称和描述.........................................................................................................................5-2表 5-2. 部件组, 名称和描述........................................................................................................................5-4表 5-3. 要素组，名称和描述......................................................................................................................5-5表 5-4. 状态指示灯.....................................................................................................................................5-8．第五节．可编程的BESTlogic+逻辑．绪论BESTlogic+可编程逻辑是用于巴斯勒电气的DGC-2020数字式发电机控制器的逻辑控制语言，可以用于管理输入，输出，保护，控制，监测和报告控制器的接受能力．每个DGC-2020对于自己所有的输入和输出都可以通过多重的，设备齐全的逻辑树进行相互之间的匹配．基于BESTlogic+基础上的逻辑树，通过逻辑可变的定义和控制器的输入和硬件输出相结合．BESTlogic+的方程式输入和保存在DGC-2020的非易失性存储器中，根据控制器的输入和硬件的输出来选择或激活DGC-2020的保护和控制．DGC-2020的逻辑方程式组被称为是逻辑配置．一个有源的逻辑必须加载到DGC-2020中．这些配置必须确保类型的保护，控制器的应用和消除必须的从头开始的可编程逻辑．BESTCOMSPlus可以用于打开一个事先保存的逻辑配置文件并且上传到DGC-2020中．一个默认的逻辑照样可以适合你的应用．这一节在后面将会详细的介绍逻辑配置的信息．BESTlogic+并不是用于对单独的保护和控制功能进行详细的操作设定（模式，极限和时间继电器）．操作设定和逻辑设定是相互依赖的，并不是分离的程序功能．改变逻辑设定就像是面板的再接线一样．操作设定的信息见第三节，功能描述．．BESTlogic+总述BESTlogic+通过BESTCOMSPlus设定．通过设定的资源管理器打开BESTlogic+的可编程逻辑树见图5-1．BESTlogic+可编程逻辑树包含一个操作的逻辑库和保存逻辑配置文件，打印和编辑工具和三组可编程的程序．图5-1．BESTlogic+可编程逻辑树．BESTlogic+组成BESTlogic+有三组可编程的逻辑对象。

Apple Logic Pro 7 介绍1、主要技术特点强大的音频生产力网络分布式音频处理提高了软件乐器及特效的工作能力Track Freeze 扩大了单台计算机的处理性能高端 POW-r 抖动算法音频分辨率高达 24-bit/192kHz随机和自动 Crossfade Arrange Edit 模式获奖的乐器和特效34 种软件乐器，包括Sculpture、 Ultrabeat、EVP88、 EVB3、以及 EVD6 经典乐器、ES1、ES2、 EFM1、 ESM、 ESP 和 ESE 合成器EXS24 mk II 采样器，拥有完备的采样乐器库超过70 种特效插件，包括Guitar Amp Pro、Ringshifter、Linear Phase EQ、Match EQ、Vocal Transformer、EVOC20 Vocoder、Space Designer convolution reverb 以及 Pitch Correction专业混音及自动化操作Adaptive Track Mixer 显示选择的声道保存/载入声道控制列乐器和插件配置精确采样，基于音轨的32 位自动化操作用于混音和编辑的 Extensive Channel 群组功能255 道立体声音轨64 条总线，64 个辅助声道15 个插件，每声道发送8 次支持多种环绕格式，包括5.1 和7.1全面的硬件控制器支持高级的MIDI音序Matrix、Event List、 Hyper、Score 和 Transform MIDI 编辑窗口将完整的专业乐谱编排并印刷通过 Caps Lock 键将电脑按键转换成音乐键盘全面控制超过800 个可定义的键以及MIDI 命令90 种可重复套用的屏幕结构，并配有交互式编辑窗口Project Manager 对资源有很强的管理控制能力Setup Assistant 提供简便的系统配置快速的在离线状态下实现在单条或多条音轨间切换Tempo、Signature、Chord、 Transpose、Beat-Mapping 和 Video Tracks２、主要功能特性Logic Pro 7 能够满足你在音乐创作流程中方方面面的需要，从第一个音符开始到最终精雕细琢的成品。

PlayLogic逻辑分析仪使用手册PlayLogic 逻辑分析仪使用手册2 / 35公司网址官方旗舰店https:// 邮箱：************** 电话：************传真：************ALINX 微信公众号：PlayLogic 逻辑分析仪使用手册3 / 35目 录目 录 ............................................................................................................................ 3 1 产品介绍 .................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 基础知识 .................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 产品型号及规格 ........................................................................................................ 5 1.3 支持的协议类型 ........................................................................................................ 6 2 PlayLogic 软件简介 ................................................................................................... 6 2.1 软件安装指南 ............................................................................................................ 6 2.2 软件界面简介 ............................................................................................................ 7 2.3 语言切换 .................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 模拟演示功能 ............................................................................................................ 8 3 设备连接 .................................................................................................................... 9 3.1 连接设备与电脑 ........................................................................................................ 9 3.2 连接设备与被测系统 .............................................................................................. 10 3.3 多点接地提高测量准确度 ...................................................................................... 11 4 使用详解 ................................................................................................................. 11 4.1 采样深度与采样率设置 .......................................................................................... 11 4.2 触发条件设置 .......................................................................................................... 12 4.3 采集信号 .................................................................................................................. 13 4.4 波形观察与操作 ...................................................................................................... 14 4.5 波形测量 .................................................................................................................. 15 4.6 协议解析器 .............................................................................................................. 17 4.7 采样模式选择 . (19)PlayLogic 逻辑分析仪使用手册4 / 354.8 通道设置 .................................................................................................................. 20 4.9 保存设置和数据 ...................................................................................................... 23 4.10 导出数据 ................................................................................................................ 24 4.11 阈值电压设置 ........................................................................................................ 25 4.12 PWM 与触发位置设置 ............................................................................................. 26 4.13 主菜单中“选项...”功能 .................................................................................. 26 5 标准协议设置详解 .................................................................................................. 28 5.1 UART/232/485 ........................................................................................................... 28 5.2 I2C .............................................................................................................................. 29 5.3 SPI .............................................................................................................................. 30 5.4 CAN ............................................................................................................................ 31 5.5 Parallel ........................................................................................................................ 32 5.6 1-Wire ......................................................................................................................... 32 5.7 DMX-512 ................................................................................................................... 33 5.8 UNI/O ......................................................................................................................... 33 5.9 自定义协议解析器 .................................................................................................... 33 6 常见问题解答 .......................................................................................................... 34 6.1 设备连接到电脑后驱动安装失败 .......................................................................... 34 6.2 设备连接到电脑后提示无法识别或工作不稳定 .................................................. 34 6.3 采样波形中个别通道出现毛刺 .............................................................................. 34 6.4 设置大深度后实际采样时间未达到设定值 .......................................................... 34 7 联系我们 (35)PlayLogic 逻辑分析仪使用手册5 / 351 产品介绍1.1 基础知识逻辑分析仪是利用时钟从被测系统中采集和显示数字信号的仪器，主要作用在于时序判定和分析。