宾语从句及动词不定式讲解
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宾语从句如何区分宾语从句?Theyknow the teacher、主语谓语宾语Theyknow the teacher is a man。
主语谓语宾语从句▲句子做宾语就就是宾语从句。
宾语从句在复合句中做主句得宾语.1.时态一致:1)当主句就是一般现在时,从句可根据需要,采用任何一种时态、例如:Hesays that he will be free tomorrow。
I know that manlived here five years ago.2)当主句就是过去时,从句也应该采用过去得某种时态形式与之相对应、例如: He thought the train was like abig movingparty、(从句为一般过去时)He said hewas going totake care of thechild. (从句为过去将来时) He said hehad never seen the film、( 在这句中,从句为过去完成时) 但当从句所陈述得就是客观事实或普遍真理,从句时态用一般现在时。
例如: The teacher said the earth goesaroundthe sun。
The teacher said that light travelsmuch fasterthansound、Jimsaidthat timeis life.2.引导词: 1)当宾语从句由陈述句充当时,由that引导,在口语或非正式文体中可以省略、例如:I believe( that) youare right.Hesaid( that) the fastest way totravel was byplane.2)当宾语从句由一般疑问句充当时,由if或whether引导,作“就是否”解、例如: Ishis name John?/Could you tell me?Could you tell me if/whether his name is John?Are they goingtothe Great Wall?Jim wants to know、、。
宾语从句结构及用法宾语从句是一种复合句,它是一个独立的句子,可以放在另一个句子的后面,作为另一个句子的宾语。
它可以提供被谓语动词所要表达的信息。
一、定义:宾语从句是一个独立的句子,由从句状语、主语、谓语动词以及其他从句成分组成,作为一个完整句子的宾语放在另一个句子的后面。
它是一种复合句结构,用于表达被谓语动词所要表达的信息。
二、结构:宾语从句的结构主要有以下几种:1. 以表语从句作宾语。
这类宾语从句通常由连接代词that或whether引出,其主句谓语动词常为认知动词,如think、doubt、consider、believe 、know等。
例句:I don't know that he will come.我不知道他会来。
2. 以不定式作宾语宾语从句的主句谓语动词一般都是表示完成将来要求的动词,如want(要)、ask(要求、叫)、decide(决定)、order(命令)等。
例句:He asked me to go there.他要求我去那儿。
3. 以动词不定式短语作宾语宾语从句的谓语动词一般是表示给予反馈的动词,如tell(告诉)、explain(解释)、show(显示)等。
例句:My teacher explained to us how to solve the problem.我的老师解释给我们如何解决这个问题。
4. 由从属连词who、which、that、whom等引导的宾语从句宾语从句的谓语动词常为行为动词,如see(看见)、hear(听见)、make(使)、find(发现)等。
例句:I heard that he was ill.我听说他病了。
三、用法:1、在宾语从句中,无论是什么类型的宾语从句,都应该将主句和宾语从句中的谓语动词时态保持一致。
2、介词后面也可以接宾语从句,主句的谓语动词一定是表示把某人或某物带到某处的意思的动词。
3、宾语从句紧跟在主句之后,而且:如果主句放在宾语从句之前,宾语从句中的从属连词要和主句已经具体指定的主语或宾语相一致。
动词不定式动词不定式无人称和数的变化,在句子中不能做谓语,其构成为“to+动词原形〞,否认式为“not to+动词原形〞。
当我们要表达“想要做某事want to do sth.、需要做某事need to do sth.或决定做某事decide to do sth.〞时,就会出现两个动词连用的情况。
一.动词不定式在句子中作主语。
作主语时,谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。
To learn a foreign language is useful.这里的to learn a foreign language是动词不定式,在句子中作主语。
为了防止主语太长,谓语太短,一般会用it作形式主语,后面以不定式作实际主语,即It+形容词/名词+to do sth.。
如上句可改写为:It is useful to learn a foreign language.例:It is difficult to speak a foreign language well. = To speak a foreign language well is difficult.It is necessary to remember enough words. = To remember enough words is necessary.2. 带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式构造作主语常置于句末。
〔复合不定式构造:有时为了指明不定式动作的逻辑主语,即动作的执行者,常用介词for 或of引导出逻辑主语,其一般形式为:it is + 形容词+ for / of +名词或物主代词+ to do.〕如:How to make requests politely is important. 如何有礼貌地提出恳求很重要。
Where to go is not decided yet. 要去哪里还没做出决定。
It's good for you to walk after supper. 晚饭后漫步对你是有益的。
一.宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。
有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词:who, whose, what ,which副词:when ,where, how, why 等。
(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
2.例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tellyou.3.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
宾语从句如何区分宾语从句?They know the teacher.主语谓语宾语They know the teacher is a man .主语谓语宾语从句▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。
宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语.1.时态一致:1)当主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要,采用任何一种时态.例如:He says that he will be free tomorrow.I know that man lived here five years ago.2)当主句是过去时,从句也应该采用过去的某种时态形式与之相对应.例如: He thought the train was like a big moving party. (从句为一般过去时)He said he was going to take care of the child. (从句为过去将来时)He said he had never seen the film. (在这句中,从句为过去完成时)但当从句所陈述的是客观事实或普遍真理,从句时态用一般现在时.例如: The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.Jim said that time is life.2.引导词: 1)当宾语从句由陈述句充当时,由that引导,在口语或非正式文体中可以省略.例如:I believe ( that ) you are right.He said ( that ) the fastest way to travel was by plane.2)当宾语从句由一般疑问句充当时,由if或whether引导,作“是否”解。
例如: Is his name John? / Could you tell me?Could you tell me if /whether his name is John?Are they going to the Great Wall? Jim wants to know...Jim wants to know if/whether they are going to the Great Wall.3)当宾语从句由特殊疑问句充当时,特殊疑问词就是引导词,例如:Do you know what time the plane leaves?3.语序: 1)当宾语从句由陈述句充当时,保持原来的语序, 即陈述句语序.例如:陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。
宾语从句的含义
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、动词现在分词、过去式、过去分词后面都能带宾语从句。
有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
特点
宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成分,口语中一般可以省略。
whether和if都可引导宾语从句,但whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。
当if/whether引导宾语从句时,在从句中不做任何成分,但有具体的含义,意为“是否”。
if/whether不能省略。
如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it。
宾语从句用法详解宾语从句是指作为主句宾语的从句,通常置于动词、介词等词性后面。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句,有些形容词(如afraid、sure、glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
宾语从句中的引导词有连词、代词和副词,其中连词that常可省略,代词有who、whose、what、which,副词有when、where、how、why等。
在非正式场合,that可以省略。
在宾语从句中,可跟that从句做宾语的动词有say、think、insist、wish、hope、demand、imagine、wonder、know、suppose、see、believe、agree、admit、deny、expect、explain、order、XXX、feel、dream、suggest、hear、mean、notice、prefer、request、require、propose、declare、report等。
需要注意的是,当主句谓语动词是think、believe、suppose、expect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
另外,当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省略,但后面的that不可省。
2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,一般不可省略that。
例如:Just then I noticed。
for the first time。
that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,不可省略that。
例如:I can’t tell him that his mother died.注意:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。
宾语从句知识点讲解总结宾语从句的结构:宾语从句一般由连接词引导,连接词可以是关系代词、关系副词或从属连词。
例如:I know (that) she is coming. (我知道她要来了)- 这里的 that 就是一个引导宾语从句的从属连词。
I heard what you said.(我听到你说的话)- 这里的 what 就是一个引导宾语从句的关系代词。
I don't know when he will come.(我不知道他什么时候会来)- 这里的 when 就是一个引导宾语从句的关系副词。
宾语从句的使用:1. 宾语从句可以出现在主句的动词后面,作动词的宾语。
例如:I know (that) she is coming.(我知道她要来了)。
2. 宾语从句也可以出现在主句的介词后面,作介词的宾语。
例如:I am interested in what you said.(我对你说的话感兴趣)。
3. 宾语从句还可以出现在主句的及物动词之后,作宾语。
例如:I heard what you said.(我听到你说的话)。
下面我们将从名词从句和主语从句两个方面对宾语从句进行详细的讲解。
一、名词从句名词从句主要由 that, whether, what, whatever, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how 等词引导。
名词从句作宾语时可以放在及物动词或者介词之后。
名词从句作宾语时,要根据引导词后面的动词的性质来选择合适的连接词。
以下是一些常用的连接词以及它们的用法。
1. thatthat 通常用作连接词,引导宾语从句,连接宾语从句与主句之间。
但在口语和非正式文体中,往往可以省略,但在正式的书面语中不可以省略。
例如:I don't know if he is coming.(我不知道他是否会来。
)I am sure that she is telling the truth.(我确信她在说实话。
一.宾语从句的定义之阿布丰王创作置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。
有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad 等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词:who, whose, what ,which副词:when ,where, how, why 等。
(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句暗示。
例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不克不及省略1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不成省。
例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有拔出语时,that一般不成省。
宾语从句用法及其例句宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。
在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
宾语从句用法时态:1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。
2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。
3.主句用过去时,从句是客观真理时,只用一般现在时。
一、宾语从句的连接词(1)从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,if和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句.He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year他告诉我他明年上大学.I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.(2)连接代词连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏?The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokiacell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?(3)连接副词连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.动宾重点,介宾掌握,形宾了解二、动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词都可以带宾语从句We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us through the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他们都会帮忙的.(2)部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?(3)动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before youturn them in.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it 做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decisionabout this mater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is inneutral.开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.三、介词的宾语从句(1)用wh-类的介词宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship wassent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.(2)用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used towork with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.四、形容词的宾语从句有些形容词具有动词的含义,所以也可以带一个宾语从句,常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.五、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wond er,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.(如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
宾语从句如何区分宾语从句?They know the teacher.主语谓语宾语They know the teacher is a man .主语谓语宾语从句▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。
宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语.1.时态一致:1)当主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要,采用任何一种时态.例如:He says that he will be free tomorrow.I know that man lived here five years ago.2)当主句是过去时,从句也应该采用过去的某种时态形式与之相对应.例如: He thought the train was like a big moving party. (从句为一般过去时)He said he was going to take care of the child. (从句为过去将来时)He said he had never seen the film. (在这句中,从句为过去完成时)但当从句所陈述的是客观事实或普遍真理,从句时态用一般现在时.例如: The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.Jim said that time is life.2.引导词: 1)当宾语从句由陈述句充当时,由that引导,在口语或非正式文体中可以省略.例如:I believe ( that ) you are right.He said ( that ) the fastest way to travel was by plane.2)当宾语从句由一般疑问句充当时,由if或whether引导,作“是否”解。
例如: Is his name John? / Could you tell me?Could you tell me if /whether his name is John?Are they going to the Great Wall? Jim wants to know...Jim wants to know if/whether they are going to the Great Wall.3)当宾语从句由特殊疑问句充当时,特殊疑问词就是引导词,例如:Do you know what time the plane leaves?3.语序: 1)当宾语从句由陈述句充当时,保持原来的语序, 即陈述句语序.例如:陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。
宾语从句的用法与特点宾语从句是主从复合句中最常见的从句之一。
在英语中如何使用宾语从句呢?以下是由店铺整理关于宾语从句的用法的内容,希望大家喜欢!宾语从句的用法一.宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing 形式后面都能带宾语从句。
有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词:who, whose, what ,which副词:when ,where, how, why 等。
(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项:当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
一.宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。
有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词:who, whose, what ,which副词:when ,where, how, why 等。
(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
宾语从句如何区分宾语从句They know the teacher.主语谓语宾语They know the teacher is a man .主语谓语宾语从句▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。
宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语.时态一致:1)当主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要,采用任何一种时态.例如:He says that he will be free tomorrow.I know that man lived here five years ago.2)当主句是过去时,从句也应该采用过去的某种时态形式与之相对应.例如: He thought the train was like a big moving party. (从句为一般过去时)He said he was going to take care of the child. (从句为过去将来时)He said he had never seen the film. (在这句中,从句为过去完成时)但当从句所陈述的是客观事实或普遍真理,从句时态用一般现在时.例如: The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.Jim said that time is life.引导词: 1)当宾语从句由陈述句充当时,由that引导,在口语或非正式文体中可以省略.例如:I believe ( that ) you are right.He said ( that ) the fastest way to travel was by plane.当宾语从句由一般疑问句充当时,由if或whether引导,作“是否”解。
例如: Is his name John / Could you tell meCould you tell me if /whether his name is JohnAre they going to the Great Wall Jim wants to know...Jim wants to know if/whether they are going to the Great Wall.当宾语从句由特殊疑问句充当时,特殊疑问词就是引导词,例如:Do you know what time the plane leaves3.语序: 1)当宾语从句由陈述句充当时,保持原来的语序, 即陈述句语序.例如: 陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。
宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,相当于名词或名词性短语,在句子中充当宾语。
谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、动名词、分词以后都能够带宾语从句。
描述情感的形容词〔如glad、certain、sure、happy、pleased、sorry、afraid等〕的后面亦能够带宾语从句。
宾语从句同其他从句一样,也应该利用陈述句语序。
一、宾语从句的变法1.陈述句变宾语从句陈述句变宾语从句时,语序不变,用that连接〔that一样能够省略〕,现在that无词义,不充当句子成份。
.(1)陈述句:He is an honest man.宾语从句:My mother always says (that) he is an honest man.(2)陈述句:They will win.宾语从句:We believe (that) they will win.2.一样疑问句变宾语从句一样疑问句变宾语从句时,语序变成陈述句语序,用if/whether连接〔if、whether一样能够互换〕,其意思是“是不是〞,也不充当句子成份,句末的标点符号由主句决定。
.(1)一样疑问句:Will they win?宾语从句:I’m not sure if/whether they will win.(2)一样疑问句:Does he study hard?宾语从句:I wonder if/whether he studies hard.3.特殊疑问句变宾语从句特殊疑问句变宾语从句时,语序变成陈述句语序,用原先的疑问词连接,其意思不变,而且要充当句子成份,句末的标点符号由主句决定。
.(1)特殊疑问句:Who is she?宾语从句:Could you tell me who she is?(2)特殊疑问句:What does he want?宾语从句:I don’t know what he wants.假设是特殊疑问句的疑问词在句中作主语,变宾语从句时语序不变,原先的疑问词既作宾语从句的引导词,又作宾语从句的主语。
动词不定式用法详细讲解1、构成及特征动词不定式(infinitive)是动词的一种非限定形式,即非谓语动词形式,它有两种形式:一种是“to + 动词原形”构成(to- infinitive);另一种是不带to的不定式,即动词原形(bare- infinitive)。
所有行为动词都有不定式形式,其否定式是在不定式前加not。
动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。
动词不定式仍保留有动词的特点:(1)可以有时式和语态的变化,也可以有自己的宾语或状语,它们一起构成了不定式短语。
He tried to work out the problem in five minutes.他试图在五分钟之内算出这道题。
(带宾语和状语)The factory to be built here next year is a car factory.明年在这里建的工厂是一家汽车制造厂。
(有语态的变化)(2)动词不定式还具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语等成分。
He wants to study English.他想学英语。
(to study English在句中作want的宾语,而to study又有自己的宾语English, to study和English一起构成了不定式短语。
)Never to offend anyone is his principle.不得罪人是他的原则。
(不定式作主语)注意:不定式在许多场合具有情态意义。
作主语时,相当于一个带有情态动词的主语从句;作宾语时,相当于一个带有情态动词的宾语从句;作定语时,相当于一个带有情态动词的定语从句;作目的状语时,相当于so that 或in order that引导的目的状语从句。
It is right for her to say so.(= It is right that she should say so.)她这样说是对的。
宾语从句如何区分宾语从句?They know the teacher.主语谓语宾语They know the teacher is a man .主语谓语宾语从句▲句子做宾语就是宾语从句。
宾语从句在复合句中做主句的宾语.1.时态一致:1)当主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要,采用任何一种时态.例如:He says that he will be free tomorrow.I know that man lived here five years ago.2)当主句是过去时,从句也应该采用过去的某种时态形式与之相对应.例如: He thought the train was like a big moving party. (从句为一般过去时)He said he was going to take care of the child. (从句为过去将来时)He said he had never seen the film. (在这句中,从句为过去完成时)但当从句所陈述的是客观事实或普遍真理,从句时态用一般现在时.例如: The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound.Jim said that time is life.2.引导词: 1)当宾语从句由陈述句充当时,由that引导,在口语或非正式文体中可以省略.例如:I believe ( that ) you are right.He said ( that ) the fastest way to travel was by plane.2)当宾语从句由一般疑问句充当时,由if或whether引导,作“是否”解。
例如: Is his name John? / Could you tell me?Could you tell me if /whether his name is John?Are they going to the Great Wall? Jim wants to know...Jim wants to know if/whether they are going to the Great Wall.3)当宾语从句由特殊疑问句充当时,特殊疑问词就是引导词,例如:Do you know what time the plane leaves?3.语序: 1)当宾语从句由陈述句充当时,保持原来的语序, 即陈述句语序.例如:陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。
eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”= She said she would leave a message on the desk.He said (that )the fastest way to travel was by plane .2)当宾语从句由疑问句(包括一般疑问句和特殊疑问句)充当时,除引导词外, 此后变为陈述句语序.例如:即If / whether +主语+ 谓语部分或疑问词+主语+谓语部分Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him.=I asked him where the tickets were.I don’t know if/whether he could answer the question.Please tell me who(whom) I will meet tomorrow.4.宾语从句和状语从句的区分:eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.2) I don’t know if the train has arrived.句1中if引导的是状语从句。
这个从句表示“条件”,整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。
句2中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语。
整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否已到达。
判断方法:1、可以从整个句式看。
状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2、从引导词看。
if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。
when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”( ) We're not sure if it _______ tomorrow.If it _______,we won't climb the South Hill.(2004年青海西宁)A.will snow;snowsB.will snow;will snowC.snows;snowsD.snows;will snow5. 宾语从句在一定条件下,可以简化为“特殊疑问词+不定式”、“it +形容词+不定式短语”1)I don't know what I should do with the letter.(改为简单句)(2005年山东烟台)I don't know what __________ _________ with the letter.2)Can you tell me how to get to the nearest hospital? (改为宾语从句)Can you tell me how _______ ______ ________ _____ the nearest hospital?3)I think it is very important to study English well.I think _______ ________ to study English well.宾语从句习题()1.Could you tell me ________?A if he would come tomorrowB will he come tomorrowC whether he will come tomorrowD If he comes tomorrow()2.Could you tell me ___________________?A where is the part ?B w ho’s on duty ?C whose book is this ?D what are they doing ?()3. I want to know ___________.A. which house does your sister liveB. which houses does his uncle live inC. which house his uncle livesD. which house his uncle lives in()4. Father told us that they _____ on a field trip.A. will goB. are goingC. have goneD. were going()5. I want to know ________.A. who is he waitingB. who is he waiting forC. who he is waitingD. who he is waiting for()6. Can you tell me ________?A. where she is goingB. where she goingC. where is she goingD. where is she going to()7. Do you know ___________ this time yesterday?A.what she is cookingB.what is she cookingC.what she was cookingD.what was she cooking()8. Do you know how much hot water_______?A.Mum is needed B.does Mum need C.Mum needs D.did Mum need ( )9. Can you tell me_______?A.where he is B.where is he C.he is where D.what is he( )10. I didn't know how _______ to London?A.would they go B.are they going C.they would go D.they are going ( )11.Let me tell you __________________.A. how much is the carB. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the carD. how much I spent on the car ( )12.Do you know _______?A.what the news are B.what is the newsC.what the news is D.what are the news( )13.He said he would help me with my maths if he _______ free.A.was B.will be C.would be D.is( )14.I don't know if she ______ .If she ______ ,please let me know.A.comes;comes B.will come;will comeC.comes;will come D.will come;come( )15. Peter knew _______________.A. whether he has finished reading the bookB. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a yearD. when they will leave for Paris( )16.I didn't know what ______ .A.was the matter B.is the matter C.matter was D.the matter is ( )17.I couldn't agree with ______ at the meeting.A.that you said B.which you saidC.what did you say D.what you said( )18.My friend asked me ______ .A.that who is girl B.who that girl wasC.who was that girl D.that girl was who(( )20.My teacher asked me ______ .A.who dictionary this was B.whose dictionary this wasC.whose dictionary was this D.who dictionary was this动词不定式用法动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。