如何书写Proposal

手把手教你写高分英文Proposal/apac-free-trial在硕士，博士论文中，在完成 Project Report/ Research 之前，必须先准备Project/ Research Proposal。

很多人对于这个 Proposal 束手无策，Proposal 里面需要包含什么内容？长度怎样才合适？应该从哪里开始写？今天我们来手把手教你怎么写高分Project/ Research Proposal。

Project/ Research Proposal 是整个 Project Report/ Research 前的一个预备工作，是对整个 Project/ Research 的问题及流程的简单概述，提供对整个研究想法的逻辑概述，说明这个研究项目的重要性。

如果你把你的 Proposal 分成几个部分来写，你会发现整个过程变得信手拈来。

我们先把 Proposal 的框架列出来：Executive Summary/ AbstractExecutive Summary/ Abstract 是论文报告中最重要的部分。

这是别人首先会读到的部分也可能是唯一会读到的部分。

这是对论文报告的简要回顾，便于他人在阅读你的研究论文前对你整个文章内容的大概了解。

商业类的论文一般使用 Executive Summary，而 Abstract 更倾向与学术论文。

•这里必须段落短小精悍，简单扼要。

“短”和“回顾”是关键，Executive Summary/ Abstract 应该占整个文章的5%-10%的比例。

•明确你要阐述你的研究问题•提供你的解决方案Table of Contents假如你写的是报告形式，那么 Table of Contents 是必要的。

假如是 Essay 形式，就不需要 Table of Contents。

IntroductionIntroduction 可以分为四个部分，从大到小的方向进行。

Research Proposal
1.Research Background
简单陈述选题的原因和研究的背景（前人已做的研究，此研究的意义和价值）2.Project Objective
研究拟达到的目标
3.Research Methods
计划使用的研究方法，同时陈述使用这些方法的可行性
4.Project Process
简单陈述计划的研究过程
PROPOSAL一般要包括：研究的项目(research project)，研究的目的(research aim)研究的方法methodology（理论根据theoretical base，实验case study，数据分析，data analysis等）要注意表达的精确性和逻辑性。

句子不要太复杂。

格式要简洁，象提纲一样（大标题，小标题）。

一般A4两页即可。

当然因为你对要做的课题不可能很了解，可将前两项多写。

proposal 格式
"Proposal"（提案、建议书）的格式可以根据具体情况和目的有所不同，但通常包含以下几个部分：
1. 标题：简洁明了地概括提案的主题，例如：“关于提高工作效率的提案”。

2. 引言：简要介绍提案的背景和目的，引发读者的兴趣。

可以包括当前面临的问题、需求的迫切性、预期的益处等。

3. 具体内容：详细阐述提案的具体方案，包括：
-实施步骤：列出实施提案的具体步骤，以便于读者了解整个过程。

-预期成果：描述提案实施后的预期成果，如提高工作效率、降低成本、改善用户体验等。

4. 可行性分析：评估提案的可行性，包括：
-资源需求：列出实施提案所需的资源，如人力、资金、技术支持等。

-风险评估：分析提案实施过程中可能遇到的风险和挑战，并提出
相应的应对措施。

5. 时间表：设定提案实施的时间节点和进度安排，以便于跟踪和监督。

6. 结论：总结提案的主要观点，强调其价值和重要性，促使读者支持采纳。

7. 附录（可选）：提供与提案相关的支持性材料，如数据表、图表、研究报告等。

请注意，以上格式仅供参考，具体的提案书还需根据实际情况进行调整。

希望这些信息能帮助你撰写一份满意的提案。

如果你还有其他问题，请随时提问。

Proposal
Introduction
此文档提出了一个关于XXXXX的建议，以解决当前问题并改善XXX的情况。

Background
在过去的一段时间里，我们注意到XXXXX存在一些问题。

这些问题主要是XXXXX和XXXXX。

这对公司的运营和发展产生了负面影响。

Problem Statement
因此，我们需要采取一些措施来解决这个问题。

具体来说，我们需要解决以下几个方面的问题：
1. XXXXX - 描述问题
2. XXXXX - 描述问题
3. XXXXX - 描述问题
Proposed Solution
为了解决上述问题，我们建议采取以下措施：
1. XXXXX - 描述解决方案
2. XXXXX - 描述解决方案
3. XXXXX - 描述解决方案
Implementation Plan
为了成功实施这些解决方案，我们建议采取以下步骤：
1. 第一步 - 描述步骤
2. 第二步 - 描述步骤
3. 第三步 - 描述步骤
Expected Results
通过实施这些解决方案，我们预计会取得以下结果：
1. XXXXX - 预期结果
2. XXXXX - 预期结果
3. XXXXX - 预期结果
Conclusion
综上所述，通过采取上述措施，我们相信可以解决当前的问题，并改善XXX的情况。

我们期待这些措施的成功实施，并对公司的
未来发展充满信心。

请审阅以上建议，并在需要时提出修改意见。

谢谢！。

proposal范文
尊敬的领导：
我谨代表公司向贵公司提交一份关于新产品推广的提案。

我们公司近期研发了
一款创新型产品，经过市场调研和测试，我们相信这款产品将会取得成功并受到市场的欢迎。

为了有效地推广这款产品，我们制定了以下的推广方案，希望贵公司能够予以支持和合作。

首先，我们计划通过多种渠道进行产品推广。

我们将通过社交媒体、线上广告、电视广告以及线下活动等方式，将产品推广给更多的消费者。

我们将根据不同渠道的特点，制定相应的推广策略，以最大程度地提高产品曝光率和影响力。

其次，我们将与一些知名品牌进行合作，通过合作推广的方式，将产品与其他
品牌进行联合推广，以提高产品的知名度和美誉度。

我们相信，通过与其他品牌的合作，可以为产品带来更多的曝光和销售机会。

此外，我们还计划举办一系列的促销活动，包括折扣促销、赠品促销、限时特
惠等活动，以吸引更多的消费者关注和购买我们的产品。

我们将通过各种促销活动，让消费者更加了解产品的特点和优势，并鼓励他们购买和体验我们的产品。

最后，我们将加大对销售渠道的支持和培训力度，以确保产品在各个销售渠道
的陈列和推广。

我们将与销售渠道合作，提供培训和支持，让销售人员更好地了解产品的特点和优势，从而更好地向消费者推荐和销售产品。

总之，我们的推广方案将通过多种渠道、多种方式，全方位地推广我们的产品，以实现产品的成功推广和销售。

我们相信，通过我们的努力和合作，这款产品将会在市场上取得成功，成为消费者喜爱的产品。

希望贵公司能够支持我们的提案，并愿意与我们合作，共同推动产品的推广和销售。

谢谢！
此致。

敬礼。

提建议proposal英文作文英文：As someone who is always looking for ways to improve, I would like to propose some suggestions for consideration. First and foremost, I believe that communication is key. In order to have a successful team or organization, there needs to be open and effective communication channels in place. This can be achieved through regular meetings, feedback sessions, and even informal conversations.Another suggestion I have is to encourage collaboration and teamwork. When individuals work together towards a common goal, they are able to achieve more than if they were working alone. This can be fostered through team-building activities, brainstorming sessions, and even just providing opportunities for employees to work together on projects.Finally, I believe that it is important to recognizeand reward hard work and achievements. This can be done through bonuses, promotions, or even just a simple thank you. When employees feel valued and appreciated, they are more likely to be motivated and productive.Overall, I believe that these suggestions can help to create a positive and productive work environment. By prioritizing communication, collaboration, and recognition, we can work towards achieving our goals and making a difference.中文：作为一个总是在寻找改进方法的人，我想提出一些建议供考虑。

我认为你⾸先要明确对⽅向你要proposal的⽬的是什么？对⽅⾸先是想通过你的研究计划看你发现问题，分析问题以及提出解决⽅法的能⼒。

这⾥⾯牵涉到的问题很多：1、你的proposal是否具有创新性，你对当前国际最新的研究进展是否熟悉，你有⽆⾃⼰的思路？2、你提的计划是否结合你⾃⼰和对⽅的背景知识，是否具有可⾏性？3、你的计划是否充分完备，是否提供备⽤⽅案，也就是说你是否充分估计了你计划实施的困难？呵呵，上⾯说的三条看起来有些空洞。

但是写作组织起来并不复杂。

第⼀段，背景介绍，充分阅读相关最新的⽂献（04、05年的），提出科学问题；第⼆段，简要分析你的主要思路及意义；第三——？段，制定相关研究计划，不需要具体的每步的细节，但是你的论述应该让对⽅认为你对该细节有着充分了解和认知，并⾮天马⾏空似的漫谈；最后⼀部分，分析你的Proposal中潜在问题，并进⼀步提出潜在⽅案。

我想如果对⽅发现你的思路如此明确，即使⽅案在他看来还⽐较naive或者premature，他也会对你另眼相看的。

What's the purpose of a research plan?It depends on who's asking the question, and who’s answering it. From your immediate point of view the purpose of a research plan is to help get you hired.The research plan, though, serves another, very important function: It contributes to your development as a scientist. Your research plan is a map for your career as a research science professional. As will become apparent later in this document, one of the functions of a research plan is to demonstrate your intellectual vision and aspirations. It's also an opportunity to begin to demonstrate the creative and independent thinking required of a successful scientist.Not yet on the job market? Just starting out as a postdoc? A research plan isn't just for demonstrating; it's also for honing and refining. It's possible to function quite well as a postdoc or grad student while giving little thought to your future. Writing a research plan casts your gaze forward and prompts you to begin planning for when you have your own laboratory. And if you've already started to think about your own lab, it will help you to refine your plans. So take a stab at writing a research plan, even if you don't expect to be on the job market for a while. Think of it as a rough draft, a fantasy trip for your career.* * *But never mind about that. Most of you are trying to get hired. In that case what matters is, What is the committee looking for? The answer: relief from anxiety.Hiring committees desperately want to avoid making a serious mistake by investing institutional and intellectual capital in the wrong person. The aim of your research plan, then, as of the rest of your application, is to assure the hiring committee that life with you will be pain-free.How do you do this? Provide the committee a compelling, reassuring, believable image of what their life will be like when you are working down the hall.Tell them a story--a believable, credible story--about what your lab will be like 5 years from now: well-funded, vibrant, productive, pursuing a valuable, ambitious but realistic research agenda that meshes well with the department's mission and with the other research going on in the department.Please don't misunderstand: You shouldn't tell them this ("in 5 years my lab will be vibrant, productive, and well-funded ..."; rather, you need to lead them to believe it by describing a research agenda that persuades them that you will succeed. There are two parts to this: You have to tell a good story, and you have to make them believe it. If the story isn't compelling you won't get hired, and if they can't quite imagine it becoming reality, you won't get hired.How do I tell a good story?* First, choose an important subject. If the research you plan is not compelling, no rhetorical skill will make it compelling to a committee of smart scientists. If the research you propose is not manifestly, obviously important, if you don't know why it's important, or if you can't convey its importance effectively, convincing the committee to hire you won't be easy. Note that there are two issues here: believing in the importance of your own work, and persuading others that your work is important.If you don't think the work you'll be doing is important, your best bet is to change fields. The goal of science may be to uncover truth, but uncovering objective truth is a very difficult thing to do, and doing it requires passion. If you aren't passionate about your work, your best bet is to find work about which you can be passionate. It isn't easy to change gears midcourse, but getting yourself into an important area of research will be well worth the effort in the long term--to your hirability, your fundability, your tenurability, and also to your career satisfaction. Do another postdoc if you must.Passion for your work is a necessary, but insufficient, condition for capturing the attention of hiring committees. After all, some people are passionate about, um, peculiar things. To convince the committee to hire you, you must convince them that your passion is justified and that they will benefit from investing in your passion--that is, that your work is important.* Be specific. Curing cancer is not a suitable goal for one individuals' research plan--exciting, yes, but much too big to be believable. Inhibiting tumor growth? That's better, says one of our respondents--especially when that general goal is supported by more specific strategies. "[That kind of research] can travel down several different mechanistic routes," this respondent says, "i.e., angiogenesis, breakdown of extracellular matrix, gene activation, induction of molecules involved--it can use different models--implanting tumors, using different tumor models, in vivo, in vitro, etc." The combination of a manifestly important goal with manifestly interesting, feasible approaches is the foundation of the research plan.Being specific is not the same thing as including loads of detail. Being specific means including only as much detail as the job requires--not more. "Vague generalities are the sign of a vague mind," says one source. "This means that the proposal must walk the fine line of enough detail to show the reader that the candidate knows what they are talking about, but not too much detail that it confuses or bores the search committee."* Keep it short and focus on the major themes. "Brevity and clarity are the most important elements," wrote another respondent, expressing a sentiment shared by everyone. "Clear, concise writing ... is a plus," said another. "Superfluous details are not just unnecessary, they are often the hallmark of a poor plan. The specific aims must be clear and succinct." Identify your goals, state why those goals are important, define your approach to achieving those goals, and indicate the kinds of evidence that will validate your approach. Oh, and do it clearly and succinctly."If you were sitting for 4 hours reading such proposals, what would you look for? Clear and to the point wins every time in this arena."Effective communication requires anticipating readers' needs, giving them exactly the information they need just when they need it. Constructing a research plan along these lines strengthens your application in three ways: You avoid alienating the committee by boring them; you tell the committee precisely what you intend to do; and you show that you have a subtle mind and a deep knowledge of your field.Can't do this yet? No hurry--consider spending another year as a postdoc, and study hard.* Be serious about writing. Writes one respondent: "If the proposal confuses the reader in almost any way, it is simply tossed out. I strongly recommend that the candidate have colleagues pre-review the proposal and make sure the English is clear and ideas explained so that a variety of people in the general area can understand what is being proposed and the importance of the work."If your writing skills are weak, it might be time to strengthen them. Or hire an editor. And by all means have several people--preferably senior colleagues who have served on hiring committees--critique your research plan.But there were two parts to this, remember? You not only have to tell a good story--you also have to make it seem real, to make them expect it to come true.How do I make my research plan seem real?* Have a solid, well-considered, realistic plan. If you want to get a job at an institution that takes its research seriously, you'll have to convince your future colleagues that you've gotten past the young, impressionable phase, where every idea glitters with promise despite the fact that it isn't feasible and isn't likely to work. Show the committee that, while your high ideals remain intact, your years of graduate and postdoctoral study have helped you to know the difference between good ideas and good intentions. In the words of one scholar, "You can tell a 'building castles in the sky' research plan. They are not built on solid data and go to the very bottom of the pool." Indeed ...* Include preliminary data. Preliminary data offer the most convincing argument for the viability of your research plan. If you have them, use them--positive results will be of interest and persuasive to hiring committee members. The nature of your preliminary data and findings will vary--some will have much to share, others might be forced to share very preliminary data. Nothing grounds your hopes and dreams in the real world like good, solid data. Your plan might sound exciting, but will it work? It's one thing to make it sound good; if you can show that you've already taken the first, tentative but successful steps of that long journey, reaching your destination will seem a lot less like a pipe dream. One of my sources was unequivocal onthis point: "Does the research question build on the preliminary data the person has generated? No preliminary data = no research question." Which also equals no job offer at that institution.It is important to remember that just as institutions vary widely in their practices, so too do the expectations of hiring committees. Do your homework: Learn about the culture of the department and the experiences of previous faculty hires.* Include redundant approaches. If you want to succeed as a scientist you have to be resourceful. You can't be a one-trick pony. And the focus must be on the science--on the problem you aim to solve--not on the scientist or a particular approach. No matter how knowledgeable you are, no matter how well considered your research plan, you can't predict the future. And if you haven't done the work yet, you don't know how it will turn out. That means that any one approach you specify might not work, even if it seems compelling. So if you want to convince the committee that you will succeed, give them not one, but two, or even three, compelling approaches, all of which have a good chance of success.How do I demonstrate my independence?Different institutions expect you to be at different stages of your career. Think of it as a continuum: At one end sit well-established researchers with strong research records, many first-author (or last-author) publications, and their own research funding. At the other end sit rosy-cheeked freshly minted Ph.D.s full of enthusiasm, promise, and ideas, but with little yet to show for it. Most candidates for entry-level tenure-track faculty jobs at institutions that require research (that is, most of the people who write research plans for job applications) are somewhere in the middle. You probably won't get hired anywhere if you aren't well prepared to start a productive research program at a scale appropriate for the institution.But these days some institutions and departments are looking for more than that. Increasingly, especially in the biomedical field, universities are hiring established researchers, even at the "entry" (assistant professor) level. How is this possible? These days some pre-tenure-track scientists are setting up their own research programs. Increasingly, senior postdocs are being promoted to research associate or research faculty positions during what the GrantDoctor calls the "postpostdoc" phase of their research career. In that position they write research grants in their own names and their host institutions sponsor them. Very often these folks have an R01 before they begin applying for a tenure-track job.The key objective if you’re applying to one of these institutions is securing research grants: If you have a grant in your own name you'll be a strong candidate; if you don't have your own grant, you are less competitive. It's a cynical copout on the institution’s part, really, taking a pass on the difficult job of evaluating talent and capitulating to the reality of big-time biomedical research: It's all about the cash. Still, increasingly it's a fact of life. But how do you know if the institution to which you hope to apply is one of these? Ask.Those scientists and institutions--the ones sitting at the experienced far end of the continuum--are exceptional. Indeed, second-tier research institutions tend to expect the most experience; Harvard and Johns Hopkins do not expect you to have your own research grant. Most hiring committees aren't looking for completely independent work; they're looking for original, creative ideas, together with a record of accomplishment. Few people applying for tenure-track jobs have had the opportunity to start their own research programs. After all, traditionally that's what assistant professorships are all about, and most institutions still think that way. It helps to be somewhere in the middle of that continuum, but most committees are still looking more for promise than for guarantees.Demonstrate your promise by displaying your potential and actual independence. Show the committee that you have the deep thinking and talent to operate independent of your adviser.How do you demonstrate your independence when you have never been given the chance to work independently?Likely as not, all your data were collected in someone else's lab, as a part of someone else's r e s e a r c h a g e n d a . H o w , t h e n , d o y o u d i s t i n g u i s h y o u r r e s e a r c h f r o m y o u r a d v i s e r ' s r e s e a r c h ? / p > p > / p > p > * O n p a p e r . I t ' s a n a p p a r e n t C a t c h - 2 2 : Y o u n e e d t o s h o w t h a t y o u r i d e a s a r e f r e s h , n e w , a n d y o u r s , a n d y o u h a v e t o s h o w t h e y ' r e g r o u n d e d i n w o r k y o u ' v e a l r e a d y d o n e , u s u a l l y i n s o m e o n e e l s e ' s l a b . I t ' s a t o u g h s e l l , b u t m o s t o f y o u r c o m p e t i t o r s a r e i n t h e s a m e b o a t . / p > p > / p > p > S o h o w d o y o u d o i t ? O n e r e s p o n d e n t s a i d i t b e a u t i f u l l y : " T h e b e s t p l a n s u s u a l l y b u i l d o n t h e p r i o r e x p e r i e n c e o f t h e a p p l i c a n t , b u t a r e n o t d i r e c t e x t e n s i o n s o f t h e i r p o s t d o c t o r a l w o r k . " / p > p > / p > p > I ' m g o i n g t o t y p e t h a t p h r a s e a g a i n , i t ' s s o i m p o r t a n t : T h e b e s t p l a n s u s u a l l y b u i l d o n t h e p r i o r e x p e r i e n c e o f t h e a p p l i c a n t , b u t a r e n o t d i r e c t e x t e n s i o n s o f t h e i r p o s t d o c t o r a l w o r k . / p > p > / p > p > U n l e s s y o u ' r e o n e o f t h e s e l e c t f e w a p p l i c a n t s w i t h l o t s o f e x p e r i e n c e l e a d i n g y o u r o w n l a b , t h a t ' s t h e k e y t o y o u r r h e t o r i c a l s t r a t e g y . T h a t ' s t h e o u t l i n e o f t h e s t o r y y o u m u s t t e l l : " I d i d t h i s w o r k a s a g r a d s t u d e n t / p o s t d o c a n d i t w a s i m p o r t a n t a n d i t w a s g r e a t . N o w , a s a f a c u l t y m e m b e r , I w a n t t o d o s o m e t h i n g a l i t t l e b i t d i f f e r e n t , b u t t h e w o r k I ' m p r o p o s i n g t a k e s f u l l a d v a n t a g e o f t h e k n o w l e d g e a n d s k i l l s I g a i n e d d u r i n g t h e t r a i n i n g p h a s e o f m y c a r e e r . " I t ' s d i f f e r e n t e n o u g h t o b e o r i g i n a l , b u t s i m i l a r e n o u g h t h a t y o u r y e a r s o f t r a i n i n g a r e n ' t w a s t e d . / p > p > / p > p > A n o t h e r r e s p o n d e n t w r o t e , " M o s t c a n d i d a t e s ( 9 5 % ) s t i c k to e x t e n s i o n s o f w h a t t h e y a r e m o s t f a m i l i a r w i t h , b u t t h e k e y i s , h a v e t h e y f i g u r e d o u t s o m e r a t h e r c r e a t i v e n e w d i r e c t i o n s f o r t h e r e s e a r c h a n d h a v e t h e y d o n e a g o o d j o b c o n v i n c i n g u s t h a t t h e y c a n d o i t b a s e d o n w h a t i s a l r e a d y k n o w n ? " " O n c e w e h a v e a s h o r t l i s t o f c a n d i d a t e s , " w r i t e s y e t a n o t h e r s o u r c e , " t h e r e s e a r c h p r o p o s a l s a r e l o o k e d a t m o r e c a r e f u l l y f o r i m a g i n a t i v e i d e a s t h a t d i f f e r f r o m t h e c a n d i d a t e s P h . D . o r p o s t d o c t o r a l r e s e a r c h . " G e t t h e m e s s a g e ? / p > p > / p > p > * W i t h y o u r a d v i s e r ' s c o o p e r a t i o n . O n e k e y t o d o i n g t h i s s u c c e s s f u l l y i s t o m a k e s u r e y o u r b o s s t e l l s t h e s a m e s t o r y . H o p e f u l l y y o u h a v e a g o o d , o p e n r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h y o u r a d v i s e r ; i f y o u d o , g o i n a n d c h a t a n d c o o r d i n a t e y o u r s t r a t e g i e s . D e c i d e w h a t t u r f i s h i s o r h e r s , w h a t t u r f i s y o u r s , a n d w h a t s t o r y y o u i n t e n d t o t e l l i n y o u r r e s e a r c h p l a n a n d h i s o r h e r l e t t e r o f r e c o m m e n d a t i o n . B u t m a k e s u r e t h e y d o n ' t m a t c h t o o p r e c i s e l y . / p > p > / p > p > I s t h i s s o r t o f c o o r d i n a t i o n u n e t h i c a l ? H a r d l y . T h e r e ' s n o d e c e p t i o n h e r e , n o a t t e m p t t o p u l l t h e w o o l o v e r t h e c o m m i t t e e ' s e y e s . O n t h e c o n t r a r y , i t ' s c l a r i t y y o u ' r e s e e k i n g : i n y o u r r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h y o u r a d v i s e r a n d w i t h t h e h i r i n g c o m m i t t e e . / p > p > / p > p > B e c a r e f u l t h o u g h : T h i s i s t r i c k y e t h i c a l t e r r i t o r y . T h e i d e a s y o u ' r e c l a i m i n g m u s t b e y o u r s . D o n ' t j u s t t a k e y o u r a d v i s e r ' s i d e a s a n d p a c k a g e t h e m a s y o u r o w n , e v e n i f y o u r a d v i s e r s i g n s o f f o n t h e p l a n . / p > p > / p > p > I f y o u r r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h y o u r a d v i s e r i s n ' t s o c h u m m y , y o u s t i l l w a n t t o d o t h e s e s a m e t h i n g s ; y o u j u s t w a n t t o d o i t m o r e c a r e f u l l y . / p > p > / p > p > * I f y o u s t i l l h a v e t i m e , s e t u p y o u r o w n l a b i n t h e c o r n e r o f y o u r a d v i s e r ' s . I f y o u a r e n ' t a p p l y i n g f o r j o b s r i g h t n o w , t h e r e ' s s t i l l t i m e . T a l k t o y o u r a d v i s e r a b o u t c a r v i n g o u t y o u r o w n r e s e a r c h n i c h e w i t h i n t h e l a r g e r r e s e a r c h e f f o r t , w h e r e y o u d o w o r k m o t i v a t e d b y y o u r o w n o r i g i n a l i d e a s , s o m e t h i n g r e l a t e d b u t o b l i q u e t o w h a t y o u r a d v i s e r i s d o i n g i n t h e r e s t o f t h e l a b . / p > p > / p > p > I s t h e r e s e a r c h p l a n m o r e i m p o r t a n t i n t h e s c r e e n i n g p h a s e o r l a t e i n t h e g a m e ? / p > p > I n g e n e r a l , r e s e a r c h p l a n s a r e w e i g h e d m o r e h e a v i l y l a t e r i n t h e g a m e , w i t h m o r e r e a d i l y c o m p r e h e n s i b l e e v i d e n c e ( e s p e c i a l l y p e d i g r e e , l e t t e r s o f r e c o m m e n d a t i o n , i m p a c t f a c t o r o f j o u r n a l s , e t c . ) b e i n g w e i g h e d m o r e h e a v i l y i n t h e e a r l y r o u n d s . / p > p > / p > p > H o w e v e r , y o u r r e s e a r c h p l a n m u s t b e d e s i g n e d t o s e r v e m o r e t h a n o n e p u r p o s e . I t m u s t w i t h s t a n d i n t e n s e s c r u t i n y i n t h e l a t e r r o u n d s o f t h e j o b s e a r c h , a n d i t m u s t m a k e a g o o d f i r s t i m p r e s s i o n . / p > p > / p > p > * * * / p > p > / p > p > H o w l o n g s h o u l d i t b e ? / p > p > O p i n i o n s v a r y . O n e p e r s o n I s p o k e t o s a i d t h a t a r e s e a r c h p l a n s h o u l d b e " a b o u t t h r e e p a g e s o f 1 . 5 - s p a c e d t e x t , a n d N E V E R m o r e t h a n f i v e . " A n o t h e r s o u r c e p r e f e r s " t h r e e s e m i - i n d e p e n d e n t ( b u t r e l a t e d ) s u b p r o p o s a l s n o t m o r e t h a n a b o u t t h r e e t o f o u r p a g e s ( s i n g l e - s p a c e d ) e a c h w i t h a h a l f p a g e o f i m p o r t a n t a n d r e l e v a n t r e f e r e n c e s . " T h a t ' s n i n e t o 1 2 p a g e s . T h e r e i s s o m e v a r i a t i o n f r o m o n e d i s c i p l i n e t o t h e n e x t ( t h e f i r s t o f t h e s e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s c a m e f r o m a m e d i c a l s c h o o l , t h e s e c o n d f r o m a d e p a r t m e n t o f c h e m i s t r y ) , b u t t h e r e a r e f e w i f a n y s t a n d a r d s e v e n w i t h i n a f i e l d . T h i s s h o w s h o w m u c h o f a c r a p s h o o t g e t t i n g h i r e d c a n b e : B e c a u s e y o u u s u a l l y d o n ' t k n o w i n a d v a n c e h o w l o n g a d o c u m e n t t h e h i r i n g c o m m i t t e e i s l o o k i n g f o r , t h e r e ' s l i t t l e c h a n c e o f t h e s a m e c a n d i d a t e , n o m a t t e r h o w q u a l i f i e d , g e t t i n g o f f e r s f r o m b o t h o f t h e s e i n s t i t u t i o n s . / p > p > / p > p > M y r e c o m m e n d a t i o n ? C a l l t h e c h a i r o f t h e h i r i n g c o m m i t t e e ( o r s e n d e - m a i l ) a n d a s k f o r a d v i c e . I f n o a d v i c e i s f o r t h c o m i n g , a i m f o r f i v e p a g e s , 1 2 - p o i n t T i m e s N e w R o m a n , 1 . 5 s p a c e d . S o m e w i l l t h i n k i t ' s a b i t t o o l o n g , o t h e r s a b i t t o o s h o r t , b u t n o o n e w i l l t h r o w i t o u t b e c a u s e o f i t s l e n g t h . / p > p > / p > p > / p > p > R e m e m b e r t h a t w e s a i d t h a t a r e s e a r c h p l a n n e e d s t o h e l p y o u t h r o u g h i n i t i a l s c r e e n i n g a n d w i t h s t a n d c a r e f u l s c r u t i n y i n t h e l a t e r s t a g e s . / d i v > / d i v > s c r i p t i d = " s h o w _ g _ d 1 " > / s c r i p t > s c r i p t s r c = " / / j s . 5 1 t e s t . n e t / m _ j s _ n e w / m _ s h o w _ d o w n . j s " > / s c r i p t > d i v c l a s s = " l i s t - b o x " >。

英语proposal写作格式
1、Proposal概述：提出写作proposal的重要性，介绍proposal 的常用写作格式等；
2、Proposal目的简介：研究目的简介，要解决的问题简介；
二、Proposal写作格式详解：
1、Title：给出proposal的标题，简要描述你想要提议的内容；
2、Introduction：就题目给出简要的介绍，以及你为什么要进行此次提议；
3、Background Information：引入背景信息，包括可能的问题、原因等；
4、Goals and Objectives：给出proposal的目标和要达到的具体成果；
5、Project Description：详细描述完成proposal的方式和可能的技术等；
6、Time and Budget：给出完成proposal所需要花费的时间和费用；
7、Conclusion：总结proposal的内容，并予以结论。

三、实施策略：
1、写作proposal时，要清楚目的、要解决的问题、所提出的方案等；
2、正式的proposal文件应该按照给定的格式进行写作，使得文件易于阅读；
3、仔细核实和研究所填写的所有信息，确保信息的准确性；
4、在保证信息的有效性和完整性的前提下，尽可能简化句子；
5、保持proposal文件的整洁，附带必要的图表、照片等。

四、结论：
无论是个人还是企业，proposal写作格式都具有重要性，能够有效表达内容，让别人了解你的想法。

根据不同的proposal文件，可能需要稍作更改，但其中的基本格式应该得到保证，以便提供可靠的内容，并让接收者更容易理解你的提议。

写建议书的格式英文回答：Proposal Format。

1. Introduction。

Briefly describe the problem or opportunity that the proposal addresses.State the purpose of the proposal and the desired outcome.2. Background。

Provide any relevant background information thatwill help the reader understand the context of the proposal.Include relevant research, data, or examples to support your claims.3. Methodology。

Describe the specific steps that will be taken to implement the proposal.Include a timeline for the project and identify any potential challenges or risks.4. Budget。

Outline the financial resources that will be required to complete the project.Provide a justification for the budget and explain how the funds will be used.5. Evaluation。

Describe how the success of the proposal will be measured.Identify the metrics that will be used to assess the impact of the project.6. Conclusion。

写proposal的步骤撰写一个精确的提案是一个结构化的过程，它需要按照一定的步骤来进行。

以下是程序化提案的六个关键步骤，以确保你的提案清晰明了、具有说服力。

第一步：明确目标和目的在开始撰写提案之前，你需要明确你的目标和目的。

你需要回答以下问题：-你的提案的目标是什么？-你试图解决什么问题？-你的目标是实现什么样的改变或取得什么样的成果？明确你的目标和目的是确保你的提案的重点明确，有效地解决相关问题。

第二步：研究并搜集信息在撰写提案之前，你需要进行充分的研究和信息收集。

这包括：-了解相关背景和环境-查找相关数据和统计数据-研究现有解决方案和最佳实践通过研究和信息搜集，你将能够建立一个强有力的案例，支持你的提案。

第三步：明确问题陈述在你的提案中，你需要明确说明问题陈述。

这将有助于他人理解你试图解决的问题。

问题陈述应该明确、简洁，并能够引起读者的兴趣。

你可以使用可衡量的指标或数据来支持你的问题陈述。

第四步：提出解决方案在你的提案中，你需要提出一个明确的解决方案，以解决你在问题陈述中提出的问题。

你的解决方案应该明确、实际可行，并且与你的目标和目的保持一致。

你可以提供一些步骤或策略来实现你的解决方案。

另外，你还可以引用一些支持材料或研究结果来支持你的解决方案。

第五步：列出所需资源和时间表在你的提案中，你需要列出实施你的解决方案所需的资源。

这可能包括财务、人力、物质等资源。

你还需要提供一个时间表，表明你计划实施解决方案的时间表。

这将有助于他人理解你的计划，并评估你是否有足够的资源来支持你的解决方案。

第六步：撰写提案正文在撰写提案正文时，你需要按照以下结构进行组织：-引言：引出你的提案，说明你试图解决的问题和你的目标。

-背景：提供相关背景和环境信息，以帮助读者理解问题的重要性。

-问题陈述：明确阐述问题和挑战，通过数据和统计数据支持你的问题陈述。

-解决方案：提供明确、可行的解决方案，并提供支持材料来支持你的解决方案。