英语笔译综合能力三级整理

全国翻译资格考试三级笔译综合能力资料推荐教材：1．《英语笔译综合能力3级》，外文，黄源深总主编，2006年版。

（黄皮书）2．《英语三级笔译考试真题精选》，外文，卢敏编，2006年版。

（蓝皮书）课外阅读材料：1．培基、喻云根等，《英汉翻译教程》。

：外语教育，1980年版。

2．宏薇，《新实用汉译英教程》。

：教育，1996年版。

3．柯平，《英汉与汉英翻译教程》。

：大学，1993年版。

4．瑞昌、喻云根，《汉英翻译教程》。

：人民，1983年版。

5．陆殿扬，《英汉翻译理论与技巧》（上、下册）。

：时代，1958年版。

6．莉藜，《英汉互译教程》。

：大学，1993年版。

7．仲英，《实用翻译教程》。

：外语教学与研究，1994年版。

8．庆华，《实用翻译教程》。

：外语教育，1997年版。

9．郭著章，《英汉互译实用教程》。

武昌：大学，1996年版。

10．申雨平，《实用英汉翻译教程》。

：外语教学与研究，2002年版。

11．古今明，《英汉翻译基础》。

：外语教育，2002年版。

12．恩冕、正中，《大学英汉翻译教程》。

：对外经济贸易大学，1998年版。

13．长拴，《非文学翻译理论与实践》。

：中国对外翻译出版公司。

14．桂华，《中式英语之鉴》。

：清华大学。

15．庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。

：外研社。

16．渊冲：《翻译的艺术》，五洲传播出版。

17．包惠南著：《文化语境与语言翻译》，中国对外翻译出版公司。

18．善芬等著：《英汉语言对比研究》，外语教育。

19．曾蕙兰：《进出口实用英语》，外文。

《汉英文化词典》，外语教育。

20．《翻译研究论文集》(1894-1948、1949-1983)(《翻译通讯》编辑部)21．《翻译理论与翻译技巧文集》，中国对外翻译出版公司。

22．Language, Culture, and Translation，by Eugene A. Nida, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press词法、句法流派代表作陆殿扬：《英汉翻译理论与技巧》，商务印书馆。

第一节,,,,,考试内容介绍、定语从句讲解、练习及译法第一部分,,,,,考试介绍一、考试题型词汇和语法部分,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,50题,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,25分,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,25分钟阅读理解,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,50题,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,55分,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,75分钟完型填空,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,20题,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,20分,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,20分钟二、考试要求掌握本大纲要的英语词汇；掌握并能够正确运用双语语法；具备对常用问题英语文章的阅读理解能力。

三、笔译综合能力试题的基本类型第一部分词汇和语法部分可分为三大部分：词汇选择（Vocabulary,,,,,and,,,,,Grammar）1-20难度大约在四级左右；词语替代（Vocabulary,,,,,Selection）21-40主要找出和划横线部分相同意思的词汇，难度在4级到6级之间；改错（Error,,,,,Correction）主要有词汇和语法的两种错误。

第一部分考察的内容主要为近义词的辨析、短语介词和动词词组的搭配；语法点主要包括定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、虚拟语气、非谓语动词等等。

在其后会分专题来讲解。

第二部分阅读理解共5篇，字数在每篇150-450字之间，绝大多数在250字左右，每篇有5到10题，不定量。

题材广泛，选题多样。

类似于四级以上难度和题型，但是和专业四级题型更加相似。

第三部分为开放性完型填空，20空，共20分。

题材广泛，选题多样。

全国翻译资格考试三级笔译综合能力讲义第二部分定语从句的讲解、练习及译法1．that和which用法比较：1) which用于非限定性定语从句中。

e.g.: He said he was busy, which was not true.他说他很忙，那是假的。

We don’t want to enter the house, which is very cold.我们不想进房间，因为太冷了。

2) which用于介词后做宾语。

e.g.: The room of which windows are opposite to the room is large.窗户正对着海的房间很大。

The chair in which you are sitting is made of iron.你坐的椅子是用钢做的。

3) that一定用于“不（不定代词作先行词时）止（“只是”only修饰先行词时）最（形容词最高级修饰先行词时）两（先行词同时出现人和物）序（序数词修饰先行词时）”五种情况。

e.g.: All that you need is help. 你所需要的是帮助。

A lot of things and children that are full of the car were lost in the district.装满了车的东西和孩子们在这个地区失踪了。

That is only thing that I want to know.那是我唯一想知道的事情。

The last book that you bought is that I wanted to buy.你买的最后一本书是我想买的。

What is the size of the largest map that you have seen before你以前见过的最大的尺寸的地图有多大？2．定语从句的种类定语从句可分为非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和限定性定语从句。

CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析(一)一、Vocabulary Selection（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。

In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four words or phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one right answer. ）第1题Since writing home to their parents for money, they had lived________hope.A inB forC onD through【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】固定搭配。

live in hope生活在希望中；live for为……而生活，盼望；live on 继续生活，以……为主食，靠……生活；live through度过，经受过；根据句意应填A。

第2题________get older, the games they play become increasingly complex.A ChildrenB Children, when theyC As childrenD For children to【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】语法应用。

本句逗号前是状语从句，空白处应填连词；主句主语是the games，因此选项A、B、D均不对；只有as“随着”符合句意，所以C为答案。

第3题Martin has created enough memorable ________to make it easy to forgive his lows.A youngstersB noblesC highsD miserables【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】固定搭配。

CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析(一)一、Vocabulary Selection（本大题15小题．每题分，共分。

In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four wordsor phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the wordor phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one rightanswer. ）第1题Since writing home to their parents for money, they had lived________hope.A inB forC onD through【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：分【答案解析】固定搭配。

live in hope生活在希望中；live for为……而生活，盼望；live on 继续生活，以……为主食，靠……生活；live through度过，经受过；根据句意应填A。

第2题________get older, the games they play become increasingly complex.A ChildrenB Children, when theyC As childrenD For children to【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：分【答案解析】语法应用。

本句逗号前是状语从句，空白处应填连词；主句主语是the games，因此选项A、B、D均不对；只有as“随着”符合句意，所以C为答案。

第3题Martin has created enough memorable ________to make it easy to forgivehis lows.A youngstersB noblesC highsD miserables【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：分固定搭配。

第一节考试内容介绍、定语从句讲解、练习及译法第一部分考试介绍一、考试题型词汇和语法部分 50题 25分 25分钟阅读理解 50题 55分 75分钟完型填空 20题 20分 20分钟二、考试要求掌握本大纲要的英语词汇；掌握并能够正确运用双语语法；具备对常用问题英语文章的阅读理解能力。

三、笔译综合能力试题的基本类型第一部分词汇和语法部分可分为三大部分：词汇选择（Vocabulary and Grammar）1-20难度大约在四级左右；词语替代（Vocabulary Selection）21-40主要找出和划横线部分相同意思的词汇，难度在4级到6级之间；改错（Error Correction）主要有词汇和语法的两种错误。

第一部分考察的内容主要为近义词的辨析、短语介词和动词词组的搭配；语法点主要包括定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、虚拟语气、非谓语动词等等。

在其后会分专题来讲解。

第二部分阅读理解共5篇，字数在每篇150-450字之间，绝大多数在250字左右，每篇有5到10题，不定量。

题材广泛，选题多样。

类似于四级以上难度和题型，但是和专业四级题型更加相似。

第三部分为开放性完型填空，20空，共20分。

题材广泛，选题多样。

难度和专业四级等同。

四、基本复习策略综合能力课程作为三级笔译必修的课程，主要是考察学生对于英语基本知识的了解，特别是对双语习惯的掌握，为了能够更好地为实务课程打下坚实的基础，所以希望每一位同学都不要对这门课程产生掉以轻心的念头。

根据个人经验，我个人推荐以下几个复习的策略：第一、要对大纲的词汇做到十分熟悉，这种熟悉不是简单地认识，而是要学会使用，特别是在没有字典的帮助之下可以迅速而准确地判断搭配。

第二、对于语法结构的重视，但凡是学翻译就必须要对语法结构有着深入的了解，这种了解不是简单地会划分句子成分，而是将每个句子如何组合，这将决定你实务中的句型翻译的关键。

第三，阅读能力要强。

任何考试都是得阅读者得天下，咱们的综合能力考试也不除外。

catti笔译3级备考CATTI笔译3级备考我们来了解一下CATTI是什么。

CATTI（中国高级翻译资格考试）是中国翻译协会主办的国家级翻译资格考试，分为三个级别，分别是初级、中级和高级。

本文将重点讨论CATTI笔译3级备考的相关内容。

一、备考目标和重点备考CATTI笔译3级，首先我们需要明确备考目标。

CATTI笔译3级考试主要测试翻译能力和专业知识。

因此，备考目标应该是提高翻译水平和扩充专业知识。

备考重点主要包括以下几个方面：1. 翻译技巧：备考过程中，我们应该注重培养翻译技巧，掌握不同类型文本的翻译方法和技巧，提高翻译质量和效率。

2. 专业知识：备考期间，我们需要扩充相关领域的专业知识，例如经济学、政治学、法律等。

通过阅读相关领域的书籍和期刊文章，积累专业词汇和背景知识。

3. 词汇积累：备考过程中，我们应该注重词汇积累。

可以通过背诵单词、阅读词汇相关的文章和材料等方式来扩充词汇量。

二、备考方法和技巧备考CATTI笔译3级，我们需要采取一些有效的备考方法和技巧来提高备考效果。

1. 制定合理的备考计划：备考前应该制定一个合理的备考计划，包括每天的学习时间和学习内容。

合理安排时间，有针对性地进行备考。

2. 多做模拟题：备考过程中，我们应该多做一些模拟题，熟悉考试形式和题型。

通过模拟题的练习，可以提高应试能力和时间管理能力。

3. 注重阅读和写作：备考CATTI笔译3级，阅读和写作是非常重要的环节。

我们应该注重阅读各类文章，提高阅读理解能力和写作能力。

可以通过阅读新闻报道、专业书籍和期刊文章来积累知识和提高翻译能力。

4. 参加培训班或辅导课程：备考CATTI笔译3级，可以考虑参加一些培训班或辅导课程。

通过专业老师的指导和辅导，可以帮助我们更好地备考。

三、备考注意事项备考CATTI笔译3级，还需要注意以下几个方面：1. 熟悉考试要求和考试大纲：备考前，我们需要详细了解考试要求和考试大纲。

熟悉考试内容和考试形式，有针对性地备考。

CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析（一）一、Vocabulary Selection (本大题15 小题.每题1.0 分，共15.0 分。

In this part, there are 20 in complete senten ces. Below each senten ce, there are four words or phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each senten ce. There is only one right an swer. )第1题Since writing home to their parents for money, they had lived hope.A inB forC onD through【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】固定搭配。

live in hope生活在希望中；live for为.......... 而生活，盼望；live on继续生活，以 ... 为主食，靠 .... 生活；live through 度过，经受过；根据句意应填Ao第2题_______ get older, the games they play become in creas in gly complex.A Childre nB Childre n, whe n theyC As childre nD For childre n to【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】语法应用。

本句逗号前是状语从句，空白处应填连词；主句主语是the games , 因此选项A、B D均不对；只有as “随着”符合句意，所以C为答案。

第3题Martin has created eno ugh memorable _______ to make it easy to forgivehis lows.A youn gstersB no blesC highsD miserables【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】固定搭配。

翻译三级笔译综合能力-词汇和语法(一)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、(总题数：100，分数：100.00)1.During the famine, many people were ______ to going without food for days.（分数：1.00）A.sunkB.reduced √C.forcedD.declined解析：[解析] reduce常与to连用，用于被动句，表示“被迫沦落为……”的意思。

如：She was reduced to begging. 她被迫乞讨。

be forced to指“强制，迫使”，不符合句意。

故答案为B。

2.The encouraging factor is that the ______ majority of people find the idea of change acceptable.（分数：1.00）A.numerousB.vast √C.mostD.massive解析：[解析] 本题考查词语搭配。

四个选项中只有vast可以与majority、搭配。

3.Am I to understand that his new post ______ no responsibility with it at all?（分数：1.00）A.keepsB.supportsC.carries √D.possesses解析：[解析] 从句意上可先排除A、B。

carry指“带有、持有(权利或凭证)”；possess“占有、拥有”，主语一般为人。

此处从句主语为post，所以答案为C。

4.At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not ______.（分数：1.00）A.on viewB.at a glanceC.on the sceneD.in sight √解析：[解析] 根据句意可判断出答案为D。

CATTI三级笔译综合能力Section1：vocabulary and grammarPart1 vocabulary selection1. We have had to raise the prices of our products because of the increase in the cost of ___materials.A primitiveB .roughC originalD raw2. With an eight-hour week and little enjoyment，life must have been very ___for the students.A hostileB anxiousC tediousD obscure3. Whenever the government increases public services，___because more workers are needed to carry out these services.A employment to riseB employment risesC which rising employmentD the rise of employment4. Our flight to Guangzhou was___ by a bad fog and we had to stay much longer in the hotel than we had expected.A delayedB adjournedC cancelledD preserved5. Container-grown plants can be planted at any time of the year，but___ in winter.A should beB would beC preferredD preferably6. Both longitude and latitude___ in degrees，minutes and seconds.A measuringB measuredC are measuredD being measured7. Most comets have two kinds of tails，one made up of dust，___ made up of electrically charged particles called plasma.A one anotherB the otherC other onesD each other8. Good pencil erasers are soft enough not___ paper but hard enough so tat they crumble gradually when used.A by damagingB so that they damagingC to damageD damaging9. The magician picked several persons___ from the audience and asked tem to help him with the performance.A by accidentB at randomC on occasionD on average10. On turning the corner，they saw the path___ steeply.A departingB descendingC decreasingD degenerating11. English language publications in China are growing in volume and___.A circulationB rotationC circumstanceD appreciating12. Hydroponics___ the cultivation of plants without soil.A doesB isC doD .are13. To impose computer technology___ teachers is to create an environment that is not conducive to learning.A withB toC inD on14. Marketing is___ just distributing goods from the manufacturer to the final customer.A rather thanB other thanC bigger thanD more than15. ___ a language family is a group of languages with a common origin and similar vocabulary，grammar，and sound system.A What linguists callB It is called by linguistsC Linguists call itD What do linguists call16. In the eighteenth century，the town of Bennington，Vermont，was famous for___ pottery.A it madeB itsC the makingD where its17. ___ get older，the games they play become increasingly complex.A ChildrenB Children，when theyC As childrenD For children to18. ___ of his childhood home in Hannibal，Missouri，provided Mark Twain with the inspiration for two of his most popular novels.A RememberingB MemoriesC It was the memoriesD He remembered19. Dust storms most often occur in areas where the ground has little vegetation to protect___ of the wind.A From the effectsB it the effectsC it from the effectsD the effects from it20. Most nurses are women，but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are a___.A scarcityB minorityC minimumD shortagePart2 vocabulary replacement21. Shellfish give the deceptive appearance of enjoying a peaceful existence，although in fact life is a constant struggle for them.A misleadingB calmC understandableD initial22. The most striking technological success in the 20th century is probably the computer revolution.A profitableB productiveC prominentD prompt23. Scientific evidence from different disciplines demonstrates that in most humans the left hemisphere of the brain controls language.A. groups of follows B years C countries D fields of study24. Public relations practice is the deliberate，planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its publicA completeB relatedC intentionalD active25. The use of the new technology will have a profound effect on schools.A negativeB positiveC strongD useful26. If we look at the Chinese and British concepts of hospitality，we find one majorsimilarity but a number of important differences.A hostilityB friendlinessC mannerD culture27. In just three years，the Net has gone from a playground for the local people toa vast communications and trading center where millions swap information or do deals around the world.A businessB shoppingC chattingD meeting28. Most species of this plant thrive in ordinary well-drained garden soil and they are best planted 8cm deep and 5cm apart.A develop wellB grow tallerC matureD bear fruit29. Motivation is the driving force within individuals that impels them to action.A impedesB interferesC holdsD pushes30. The ultimate cause of the Civil War was the bombardment of Fort Sumter.A. only B final C true D special31. No hero of ancient or modern days can surpass the Indians with their lofty contempt of death and the fortitude with which they sustain its cruelest affliction.A regardB courageC lossD track32. The service economy doesn’t suggest that we convert our factories into laundries to survive.A implyB persuadeC hurlD transform33. It was rather strange how the habits of his youth clung to him still. He was 72.A stuck toB turnedC led toD gave way to34. He has a touch of eccentricity in his composition.A. essay B writing C character D manner35. Jim was a stout old gentleman，with a weather-beaten countenance.A bodyB skinC shoulderD passionate interestPart3 error correction36. Not much people realize that apples have been cultivated for over 3,000 years.A Not manyB Not enoughC Without manyD No many37. The eastern bluebird is considered the most attractive bird native of North America by many bird-watchers.A nativeB native withC native byD native to38. All living creatures pass on inherited traits from one generation to other.A the otherB anotherC the otherD other one39. Furniture makers use glue to hold joints together and sometimes to reinforce it.A itsB fastC hardD them40. The hard，out surface of the tooth is called enamel.A outsideB appearanceC outerD hiding41. The earliest form of artificial lighting was fire，which also provided warm and protection.A hotB sunshineC warmthD safe42. All mammals have hair，but not always evident.A but it is notB but it isC but they are notD but they are43. A professor of economic and history at Atlanta University，W.E.B. Du Bois，promoted full racial equality.A economyB economicsC economicalD economic44. Machines that use hydraulic pressure including elevators，dentist chairs，and automobile brakes.A excludeB excludingC includeD are included45. The first recorded use of nature gas to light street lamps it was in the town of Frederick，New York，in 1825.A wasB isC it isD were46. Although the social sciences different a great deal from one another，they sharea common interest in human relationship.A moveB differC changeD varies47. Unlike competitive running，race walkers must always keep some portion of their feet in contact of the ground.A runB runnerC runnersD running race48. A promising note is a written agreement to pay a certain sum of money at some time future.A time futuresB futuresC futures timeD future time49. New York City surpassed the other Atlantic seaports in partly because it developed the best transportation links with the interior of the country.A partB partialC partnerD parting50. All root vegetables grow underground，and not all vegetables that grow underground are roots.A butB orC asD thusSection2：reading comprehension(1)Phyllis Wheatley is regarded as America’s first black poet. She was born in Senegal，Africa，about 1753 and brought to America abroad a slave ship at about the age of seven. John and Susannah Wheatley bought her for three pounds at a slave auction in Boston in 1761 to be a personal servant of Mrs. Wheatley. The family had three other slaves，and all were treated with respect. Phyllis was soon accepted as one of the family，which included being raised and educated with the Wheatley’s twin 15- year-old children，Mary and Nathaniel. At that time，most females，even from betterfamilies，could not read and write，but Mary was probably one of the best educated young women in Boston. Mary wanted to become a teacher，and in fact，it was Mary who decided to take charge of Phyllis’s education. Phyllis soon displayed her remarkable talents. At the age of twelve she was reading the Greek and Latin classics and passages from the Bible. And eventually，Mrs. Wheatley decided Phyllis should become a Christian.At the age of thirteen Phyllis wrote her first poem. She became a Boston sensation after she wrote a poem on the death of the evangelical preacher George Whitfield in 1770. It became common practice in Boston to have “Mrs. Wheatley’s Phyllis” read poetry in polite society. Mary married in 1771，and Phyllis later moved to the country because of poor health，as a teacher and caretaker to a farmer’s three children. Mary had tried to interest publishers in Phyllis’s poems but once they heard she was a Negro they weren’t interested.Then in 1773 Phyllis went with Nathaniel，who was now a businessman，to London. It was thought that a sea voyage might improve her health. Thirty-nine of her poems were published in London as Poems on Various Subjects，Religious and Moral. It was the first book published by a black American. In 1775 Phyllis wrote a poem extolling the accomplishments of George Washington and sent it to him. He responded by praising her talents and inviting her to visit his headquarters. After both of her benefactors died in 1777，and Mary died in1778，Phyllis was freed as a slave. She married in 1778，moved away from Boston，and had three children. But after the unhappy marriage，she moved back to Boston，and died in poverty at the age of thirty.51. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Slavery and the treatment of the black people in America.B. The Wheatley family，including their slaves.C. The life of America’s first black poet.D. The achievements of Phyllis Wheatley.52. The underlined word “respect” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to___.A. considerationB. disregardC. punishment D behavior53. According to the passage，how many slaves did the Wheatley’s have?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four54. According to the passage，an unusual feature of Mary was that she___.A. was not much older than PhyllisB. wanted to become a teacherC. was comparatively well educatedD. decided to take charge of Phyllis’s education55. The underlined word “eventually” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to___.A. ultimatelyB. slowlyC. reluctantlyD. gradually56. Which of the following is NOT true about Phyllis in the early 1770s?A. She wrote her first poem when in her teens.B. She married in 1771.C. She became a teacher.D. She was be able to get her poems published.57. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refers to___.A publishersB poemsC childrenD black people58. It can be inferred that Phyllis’s trip to England with Nathaniel in 1773___.A. did not improve her healthB. was for business reasonsC. led to books of her poems being available in AmericaD. led to the publication of her poems because the English were more interestedin religious and moral subjects59. The word “extolling” is closest in meaning to___A. She would have been more recognized as a poet if she had not been black.B. She would have written poetry if she had stayed in Africa.C. She went unrecognized as a poet during her lifetime.D. She only wrote religious poetry.(2)About fifty years ago，plant physiologists set out to grow roots by themselves in solutions in laboratory flasks. The scientists found that the nutrition of isolated roots was quite simple. They required sugar and the usual minerals and vitamins. However，they did not require organic nitrogen compounds. These roots got along fine on mineral inorganic nitrogen. Roots are capable of making their own proteins and other organic compounds. These activities by roots require energy，of course. The process of respiration uses sugar to make the high energy compound ATP，which drives the biochemical reactions. Respiration also require oxygen. Highly active roots require a good deal of oxygen.The study of isolated roots has provided an understanding of the relationship between shoots and roots in intact plants. The leaves of the shoots provide the roots with sugar and vitamins，and the roots provide the shoots with water and minerals. In addition，roots can provide the shoots with organic nitrogen compounds. This comes in handy for the growth of buds in the early spring when leaves are not yet functioning. Once leaves begin photosynthesizing，they produce protein，but only mature leaves can “export” protein to the rest of the plant in the form of amino acids.61. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The relationship between a plant’s roots and its shoots.B. What can be learned by growing roots in isolation.C. How plants can be grown without roots.D. What elements are necessary for the growth of plants.62. The underlined word “themselves” in Paragraph 1 refers to___.A. plant physiologistsB. solutionsC. laboratory flasksD. roots63. The scientists found what the isolated roots need is___.A. quite naturalB. sugar，minerals and vitaminsC. some rare vitaminsD. organic nitrogen compounds64. Roots have the ability to___.A. make proteinsB. obtain fresh airC. produce inorganic nitrogenD. carry out activities without energy65. According to the passage，what is ATP?A. A biochemical processB. The tip of a rootC. A chemical compoundD. A type of plant cell66. The underlined word “intact” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.A. matureB. wildC. wholeD. tiny67. The use of the phrase “comes in handy” underlined in Paragraph 2 indicates that the process is___.A. unavoidableB. predictableC. necessaryD. successful68. It can be inferred from the passage that，in the early spring，the buds of plants___.A. “export” protein in the form of amino acidsB. do not require waterC. have begun photosynthesizingD. obtain organic compounds from the root69. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?A. The results of two experiments are compared.B. A generalization is made，and several examples of it are given.C. The findings of an experiment are explained.D. A hypothesis is presented，and several means of proving it are suggested.70. Where is this passage likely to be found?A. A newsletter.B. A magazineC. A storybookD. A novel(3)Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costly and limited in supply. For example，the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance is extracted from natural rose oil at a cost of thousands of dollars a pound；an identical synthetic substance can be made for 1% of this cost. Since the early twentieth century，success in reproducing these substances has created a new industry that today produces hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances.Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized；these include vanillin，the aromatic ingredient in vanilla，and benzaldehyde，the aromatic ingredient in wild cherries. Other fragrances，however，have dozens，even hundreds of components. Only recently has it been possible to separate and identify these ingredients by the use of gas chromatography and spectroscopy. Once the chemical identity is known，it is often possible to synthesize them. Nevertheless，some complex substances such as the aroma of fresh coffee，have still not been duplicated satisfactorily.Many of the chemical compounds making up these synthetics are identical to those found in nature，and are as harmless or harmful as the natural substances. New products must be tested for safety，and when used in food，must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.The availability of synthetic flavors and fragrances has made possible a largevariety of products，from inexpensive beverages to perfumed soap to used cars with applied “new car odor”.71. From the passage we can learn that___.A. natural flavorings and fragrances are not quite dearB. the limitation of natural flavorings and fragrances is clearC. the supply of natural flavorings and fragrances is adequate to meet the demandD. the cost of producing natural flavorings and fragrances is high72. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Natural rose fragrance is 100 times more expensive to produce than artificial rose fragrance.B. The most important ingredient in a rose fragrance is obtained from natural rose oil at a low cost.C. A different synthetic substance can be made for 1% of the cost.D. Natural rose oil costs the same as its fragrances.73. The industry of producing hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances probably appeared in___.A. B. 1953 C.1909 D.181074. According to the passage，all the following are easier to synthesize EXCEPT___.A. aromatic ingredient in vanillaB. vanillaC. aromatic ingredient in wild cherryD. the flavor of flesh coffee75. The underlined word “duplicated” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.A. make doubleB. make a copy ofC. produce something equal toD. take from76. Why does the author mention fresh coffee in Paragraph 2?A. As an example of complex substances having not been duplicated satisfactorily.B. Because the coffee fragrance is hard to produce.C. To conclude the passageD. If spectroscopy is adopted.77. ___，a substance can be synthesized.A. Upon identifying the basic components of itB. Once chemically analyzedC. When gas chromatography is usedD. If spectroscopy is adopted78. It can be inferred from the passage that___.A. vanillin is easier to synthesize than benzaldehydeB. not all synthetic flavors are harmlessC. in general，the less components there are in fragrance，the harder it is to synthesizeD. synthesized substances must be tested for safety only if they are used in food79. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. How to Synthesize FragrancesB. Synthetic Substances Are Easy to MakeC. Natural Flavorings and FragrancesD. Synthetic Flavors and Fragrances80. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Synthetic fragrances can be used to make a used car smell like a new one.B. Synthetic flavors and fragrances have added to the varieties of products.C. Lemon soap is made out of some delicious lemon.D. It is likely that a bottle of orange juice is synthesized.(4)Some people associate migration with birds. Birds to travel vast distances，but mammals also migrate. An example is the caribou，reindeer that graze on the grassy slopes of northern Canada. When the weather turns cold，they travel south until spring. Their tracks are so well-worn that they are clearly visible from the air. Another migrating mammal is the Alaska fur seal. Theses seals breed only in the Pribilot Islands in the Bering Sea. The young are born in June and by September are strong enough to go with their mothers on a journey of over 3,000 miles. Together they swim down the Pacific Coast of North America. The females and young travel as far as southern California. The males do not journey so far. They swim only to the Gulf of Alaska. In the spring，males and females all return to the islands，and there the cycle begins again. Whales are among the greatest migrators of all. The humpback and blue whales migrate thousands of miles each year from the polar seas to the tropics. Wales eat huge quantities of plankton. These are most abundant in cold polar waters. In winter，the whales move to warm waters to breed and give birth to their young.81. From the passage we can learn that___.A. people migrate like animalsB. only birds migrateC. the females fur seals migrate only to the Gulf of AlaskaD. not all mammals migrate82. The phrase “An example” underlined in Paragraph 1 refers to an example of a___.A. migratory mammalB. place where animals migrateC. migrating birdsD. person who associates migration with birds83. All the mammals are mentioned as migrating ones EXCEPT___.A. caribouB. fin whaleC. reindeerD. Alaska fur seal84. Where can you see from the air the migration of the mammals?A. In the Pribilot Islands.B. In the Bering SeaC. In southern CaliforniaD. In northern Canada85. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Wales breed in winter.B. Young whales are given birth in cold waters.C. Alaska fur seals give birth to the young only in one area.D. Alaska fur seals are born in warm weather.86. Together___ of Alaska fur seals swim down the Pacific Coast of North America.A. mothers and the youngB. fathers and the youngC. parents and the youngD. seals and whales87. Which of the following is NOT described inn the passage?A. Whales migrate to breed and give birth to their young.B. Whale-watching in Boston in summer is attracting.C. Seals breed in the north before migration.D. Reindeer feed on grass.88. Whales live on___.A. tiny plants and animals in the sea.B. the grassy slopes of northern Canada.C. their young in cold winter.D. the abundant seafood in tropic waters.89. How many kinds of migrating mammals are mentioned in the passage?A. FourB. ThreeC. TwoD. One90. What is the best title of the passage?A. Three Types of WhalesB. Birds MigrationC. Mammals Also MigrateD. Several Kinds of Migration(5)Electronic mail has become an extremely important and popular means of communication.Te convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by the extremely rapid growth in the volume of unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail is currently estimated to account for over half of all electronic mail traffic，up from an estimated 7 percent in ，and the volume continues to rise. Most of these messages are fraudulent or deceptive in one or more respects.The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who cannot to refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail，or for the time spent accessing，reviewing，and discarding such mail，or for both. The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of the electronic mail and creates a risk that anted electronic mail messages，both commercial and noncommercial，will be lost，overlooked，or discarded amidst the larger volume of unwanted messages，thus reducing the reliability andusefulness of electronic mail to the recipient. Some commercial electronic mail contains material that many recipients may consider vulgar or pornographic in nature.The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services，businesses，and educational and nonprofit institutions that carry and receives such mail，as there is a finite volume of mail that such providers，businesses，and institutions can handle without further investment in infrastructure. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mail.Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully include misleading information in the messages’ subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages. While some senders of commercial electronic mail messages provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject (or ‘opt-out’of) receipt of commercial electronic mail from such senders in the future，other senders provide no such ‘opt-out’ mechanism，or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future，or both.Many senders of bulks unsolicited commercial electronic mail use computer programs to gather large numbers of electronic mail addresses on an automated basis from Internet websites or online services where users must post their addresses in order to make full use of the website or service.The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mail cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of technological approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well.91. According to the passage，efficiency of e-mail is threatened by___.A. heavy e-mail trafficB. fraudulent e-mail messagesC. large volume of messagesD. increasing amount of unwanted e-mail92. Which of the following is NOT true about unwanted e-mail?A. It costs money to receive them.B. It’s free to store them.C. It takes time to access them.D. It takes time to throw them away.93. Unwanted e-mail may___.A. cause companies to fail in businessB. cause wanted e-mail messages to loseC. damage the credit of a companyD. do good to a small company94. “Pornographic” in Paragraph 3 probably means___.A. decentB. instructionalC. sexualD. commercial95. What does unwanted e-mail messages do to the providers of the Internet services?A. Raising their costB. Raising the Internet speedC. Improving their businessD. Attracting investment96. “Disguise” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to___.A. revealB. hideC. deliverD. post97. The word “induce” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to___.A. cheatB. introduceC. provideD. harm98. “Opt-out” mechanism is probably___.A. a machine that can be attached to your computerB. a button that you can make a choice to read or not to readC. a software that you can play a computer gameD. an e-mail that says some good words to you99. It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that bulk unsolicited commercial e-mail will probably spread___.A. harmful virusB. unpleasant newsC. advertisementsD. adult jokes100. The unwanted e-mail problem can be solved if___.A. the government takes actionB. a new technology is adoptedC . more people are aware of the problemD. joint efforts are made and new technology is usedSection3：cloze testInsurance is the sharing of ___ (1). Nearly everyone is exposed ___ (2) risk of some sort. The house Owner，for example，knows that his ___ (3) can be damaged by fire；the ship owner knows that his Vessel may be lost at ea；the breadwinner knows that he may die by ___ (4) and ___ (5) his family in poverty. On the other hand，not every house is damaged by fire or every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a ___ (6) sum of money into a pool，there will be enough to ___ (7) the needs of few who do suffer ___ (8). In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the ___ (9). This is the basis of ___( 10). Those who pay the contributions are known as ___ (11) and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer.The ___ (12) for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested ___ (13) past experience. If the companies fix their premiums too ___ (14)，。

笔译综合能力英语三级
一、词汇知识
笔译综合能力英语三级考试要求考生具备较丰富的词汇知识，能够熟练运用常用词汇和短语进行书面表达。

考试中会涉及不同领域的词汇，要求考生能够准确理解并正确使用这些词汇。

因此，考生需要通过不断积累和记忆词汇，提高自己的词汇量，以应对考试中的各种词汇测试。

二、语法规则
笔译综合能力英语三级考试要求考生熟练掌握英语语法规则，能够正确理解和运用各种时态、语态、语气等语法形式。

同时，考生还需要了解和掌握一些常见的英语句型和表达方式，以便在翻译过程中更加准确地表达原文的意思。

因此，考生需要通过不断练习和学习，提高自己的语法水平。

三、阅读理解
笔译综合能力英语三级考试中的阅读理解部分要求考生具备较高的阅读能力和理解能力。

考生需要能够快速阅读并理解各种类型的英文材料，包括新闻报道、科技文章、商业信函等。

同时，考生还需要具备一定的推理和判断能力，以便准确把握文章的主旨和细节。

为了提高阅读理解能力，考生需要通过大量阅读和练习来提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。

四、翻译技巧
笔译综合能力英语三级考试中的翻译技巧部分要求考生熟练掌
握各种翻译技巧和方法，包括直译、意译、增译、减译等。

同时，考生还需要了解一些常见的翻译问题和解决方案，例如处理歧义、传达文化背景等。

在考试中，考生需要准确地将英文原文翻译成中文，同时保证译文流畅、准确、符合中文表达习惯。

为了提高翻译技巧，考生需要通过不断练习和实践来提高自己的翻译水平。

第一单元旅游观光（一）词汇1.crowd [kraʊd] n. 群众,一伙;一堆,许多,大众v. 拥挤,挤满,挤进vt. 挤满,将...塞进;催促,催逼vi. 挤,拥挤,聚集短语crowd loading 集束荷载; 群众荷载IT Crowd IT狂人a crowd of 一大群；许多的crowd out vt. 挤出；推开crowd into 涌入；挤入a large crowd of 一大群的follow the crowd 随大流crowd around 围拢，聚集在…周围crowd behavior 群众行为capacity crowd 观众满座；爆满例句：she lost her son in the crowd. 她在人群中看不见她儿子了。

They twisted through the crowd. 他们迂回穿过人群。

He missed her in the crowd. 他没有在人群中看到她。

They spread-eagled against the crowd to let her go into the theatre from her car.他们张开四肢挡住拥挤的人群，好让她顺利地从车上下来走进剧场。

He got up in front of the huge crowd and made a moving and fiery speech.他挺身而出，在大庭广众面前，慷慨激昂地讲了一通。

The crowd swallowed him up. 他淹没在了人群之中。

If we mingle with the crowd, we shall not be noticed.如果我们混在人群里，就不会被注意到了。

The crowd fired questions at the speaker for over an hour.群众向演讲者一连提了一个多小时的问题。

Freeze onto that bag or someone in the crowd may snatch it.把手提包抓紧，否则在人群中可能有人把它抢去。

翻译三级笔译综合能力-词汇和语法(三)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、(总题数：100，分数：100.00)1.The facts have proved that they all have the ______ of solving practical problems.（分数：1.00）A.capability √B.abilityC.capacityD.power解析：[解析] capability“能力，才能，本领”；capability of doing“能做某事的素质，能力”；ability“能力，本领，技能”，ability“常与to连用”；capacity“能力，才干，本领；性能”，capacity“常与for连用”；power“力，力量；能力”。

答案是A。

2.The accident ______ him of his sight and the use of his legs.（分数：1.00）A.excludedB.disabled √C.deprivedD.gripped解析：[解析] 本题的四个选项中，A项excluded的意思是“拒绝接纳；把……排除在外；不包括”；B项disabled的意思是“使伤残”，如：Now that he was disabled, his house had become a prison to him. 因为他残废了，他的房子就成了他的牢笼。

C项deprived的意思是“剥夺，从……夺走；使丧失”；D项gripped的意思是“握(或咬，夹)牢；吸引；抓住(注意力等)”。

根据题意，B项为正确答案。

3.At throe thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not ______.（分数：1.00）A.on viewB.at a glanceC.on the sceneD.in sight √解析：[解析] in sight“可以见得到，被看到”；on view“展览，上映”；at a glance“看一眼，瞟一眼”；on the scene“出现，到场，在场”。

翻译三级笔译综合能力-词汇和语法(二)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、(总题数：100，分数：100.00)1.A full ______ of all the reasons for and against closing the railway has begun.（分数：1.00）A.explosionB.explorationC.exploitationD.explanation √解析：[解析] explanation“解释，说明”；explosion“爆炸”；exploration“探险”；exploitation“剥削，利用”。

句子意思是“人们畅所欲言，开始解释支持或反对关闭铁路的理由”。

答案是D。

2.In fear for their lives and in ______ of their freedom, thousands of enslaved women and children fled to the Northern States on the eve of the American Civil War.（分数：1.00）A.wayB.viewC.visionD.pursuit √解析：[解析] way“路，路线，路途”；view“观点”；vision“光景，视野”；pursuit“追求”。

in pursuit of“追求，寻求”。

答案是D。

3.When cooperating with the American specialists in the States, I ______ myself of the opportunity to improve my English.（分数：1.00）A.availed √B.allowedC.deprivedD.indulged解析：[解析] avail oneself of sth“使用某事物，利用某事物”；allow of sth“容许某事物，对某事物留有余地”；deprive sb. of sth“剥夺某人的某事物”；indulge oneself with sth“放纵自己”。

CATTI三级笔译综合能力Section1: vocabulary and grammarPart1 vocabulary selection1. We have had to raise the prices of our products because of the increase in the cost of ___materials.A primitiveB .roughC originalD raw2. With an eight-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very ___for the students.A hostileB anxiousC tediousD obscure3. Whenever the government increases public services, ___because more workers are needed to carry out these services.A employment to riseB employment risesC which rising employmentD the rise of employment4. Our flight to Guangzhou was___ by a bad fog and we had to stay much longer in the hotel than we had expected.A delayedB adjournedC cancelledD preserved5. Container-grown plants can be planted at any time of the year, but___ in winter.A should beB would beC preferredD preferably6. Both longitude and latitude___ in degrees, minutes and seconds.A measuringB measuredC are measuredD being measured7. Most comets have two kinds of tails, one made up of dust, ___ made up of electrically charged particles called plasma.A one anotherB the otherC other onesD each other8. Good pencil erasers are soft enough not___ paper but hard enough so tat they crumble gradually when used.A by damagingB so that they damagingC to damageD damaging9. The magician picked several persons___ from the audience and asked tem to help him with the performance.A by accidentB at randomC on occasionD on average10. On turning the corner, they saw the path___ steeply.A departingB descendingC decreasingD degenerating11. English language publications in China are growing in volume and___.A circulationB rotationC circumstanceD appreciating12. Hydroponics___ the cultivation of plants without soil.A doesB isC doD .are13. To impose computer technology___ teachers is to create an environment that is not conducive to learning.A withB toC inD on14. Marketing is___ just distributing goods from the manufacturer to the final customer.A rather thanB other thanC bigger thanD more than15. ___ a language family is a group of languages with a common origin and similar vocabulary, grammar, and sound system.A What linguists callB It is called by linguistsC Linguists call itD What dolinguists call16. In the eighteenth century, the town of Bennington, Vermont, was famous for___ pottery.A it madeB itsC the makingD where its17. ___ get older, the games they play become increasingly complex.A ChildrenB Children, when theyC As childrenD For children to18. ___ of his childhood home in Hannibal, Missouri, provided Mark Twain with the inspiration for two of his most popular novels.A RememberingB MemoriesC It was the memoriesD He remembered19. Dust storms most often occur in areas where the ground has little vegetation to protect___ of the wind.A From the effectsB it the effectsC it from the effectsD the effects from it20. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are a___.A scarcityB minorityC minimumD shortagePart2 vocabulary replacement21. Shellfish give the deceptive appearance of enjoying a peaceful existence, although in fact life is a constant struggle for them.A misleadingB calmC understandableD initial22. The most striking technological success in the 20th century is probably the computer revolution.A profitableB productiveC prominentD prompt23. Scientific evidence from different disciplines demonstrates that in most humans the left hemisphere of the brain controls language.A. groups of follows B years C countries D fields of study24. Public relations practice is the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its publicA completeB relatedC intentionalD active25. The use of the new technology will have a profound effect on schools.A negativeB positiveC strongD useful26. If we look at the Chinese and British concepts of hospitality, we find one major similarity but a number of important differences.A hostilityB friendlinessC mannerD culture27. In just three years, the Net has gone from a playground for the local people toa vast communications and trading center where millions swap information or do deals around the world.A businessB shoppingC chattingD meeting28. Most species of this plant thrive in ordinary well-drained garden soil and they are best planted 8cm deep and 5cm apart.A develop wellB grow tallerC matureD bear fruit29. Motivation is the driving force within individuals that impels them to action.A impedesB interferesC holdsD pushes30. The ultimate cause of the Civil War was the bombardment of Fort Sumter.A. only B final C true D special31. No hero of ancient or modern days can surpass the Indians with their lofty contempt of death and the fortitude with which they sustain its cruelest affliction.A regardB courageC lossD track32. The service economy doesn’t suggest that we convert our factories into laundries to survive.A implyB persuadeC hurlD transform33. It was rather strange how the habits of his youth clung to him still. He was 72.A stuck toB turnedC led toD gave way to34. He has a touch of eccentricity in his composition.A. essay B writing C character D manner35. Jim was a stout old gentleman, with a weather-beaten countenance.A bodyB skinC shoulderD passionate interestPart3 error correction36. Not much people realize that apples have been cultivated for over 3,000 years.A Not manyB Not enoughC Without manyD No many37. The eastern bluebird is considered the most attractive bird native of North America by many bird-watchers.A nativeB native withC native byD native to38. All living creatures pass on inherited traits from one generation to other.A the otherB anotherC the otherD other one39. Furniture makers use glue to hold joints together and sometimes to reinforce it.A itsB fastC hardD them40. The hard, out surface of the tooth is called enamel.A outsideB appearanceC outerD hiding41. The earliest form of artificial lighting was fire, which also provided warm and protection.A hotB sunshineC warmthD safe42. All mammals have hair, but not always evident.A but it is notB but it isC but they are notD but they are43. A professor of economic and history at Atlanta University, W.E.B. Du Bois, promoted full racial equality.A economyB economicsC economicalD economic44. Machines that use hydraulic pressure including elevators, dentist chairs, and automobile brakes.A excludeB excludingC includeD are included45. The first recorded use of nature gas to light street lamps it was in the town of Frederick, New York, in 1825.A wasB isC it isD were46. Although the social sciences different a great deal from one another, they sharea common interest in human relationship.A moveB differC changeD varies47. Unlike competitive running, race walkers must always keep some portion of their feet in contact of the ground.A runB runnerC runnersD running race48. A promising note is a written agreement to pay a certain sum of money at some time future.A time futuresB futuresC futures timeD future time49. New York City surpassed the other Atlantic seaports in partly because it developed the best transportation links with the interior of the country.A partB partialC partnerD parting50. All root vegetables grow underground, and not all vegetables that grow underground are roots.A butB orC asD thusSection2: reading comprehension(1)Phyllis Wheatley is regarded as America’s first black poet. She was born in Senegal, Africa, about 1753 and brought to America abroad a slave ship at about the age of seven. John and Susannah Wheatley bought her for three pounds at a slave auction in Boston in 1761 to be a personal servant of Mrs. Wheatley. The family had three other slaves, and all were treated with respect. Phyllis was soon accepted as one of the family, which included being raised and educated with the Wheatley’s twin 15- year-old children, Mary and Nathaniel. At that time, most females, even from better families, could not read and write, but Mary was probably one of the best educated young women in Boston. Mary wanted to become a teacher, and in fact, it was Mary who decided to take charge of Phyllis’s education. Phyllis soon displayed her remarkable talents. At the age of twelve she was reading the Greek and Latin classics and passages from the Bible. And eventually, Mrs. Wheatley decided Phyllis should become a Christian.At the age of thirteen Phyllis wrote her first poem. She became a Boston sensation after she wrote a poem on the death of the evangelical preacher George Whitfield in 1770. It became common practice in Boston to have “Mrs. Wheatley’s Phyllis” read poetry in polite society. Mary married in 1771, and Phyllis later moved to the country because of poor health, as a teacher and caretaker to a farmer’s three children. Mary had tried to interest publishers in Phyllis’s poems but once they heard she was a Negro they weren’t interested.Then in 1773 Phyllis went with Nathaniel, who was now a businessman, to London. It was thought that a sea voyage might improve her health. Thirty-nine of her poems were published in London as Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. It was the first book published by a black American. In 1775 Phyllis wrote a poem extolling the accomplishments of George Washington and sent it to him. He responded by praising her talents and inviting her to visit his headquarters. After both of her benefactors died in 1777, and Mary died in1778, Phyllis was freed as a slave. She married in 1778, moved away from Boston, and had three children. But after the unhappy marriage, she moved back to Boston, and died in poverty at the age of thirty.51. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Slavery and the treatment of the black people in America.B. The Wheatley family, including their slaves.C. The life of America’s first black poet.D. The achievements of Phyllis Wheatley.52. The underlined word “respect” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to___.A. considerationB. disregardC. punishment D behavior53. According to the passage, how many slaves did the Wheatley’s have?A. OneB. TwoC. ThreeD. Four54. According to the passage, an unusual feature of Mary was that she___.A. was not much older than PhyllisB. wanted to become a teacherC. was comparatively well educatedD. decided to take charge of Phyllis’s education55. The underlined word “eventually” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to___.A. ultimatelyB. slowlyC. reluctantlyD. gradually56. Which of the following is NOT true about Phyllis in the early 1770s?A. She wrote her first poem when in her teens.B. She married in 1771.C. She became a teacher.D. She was be able to get her poems published.57. The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refers to___.A publishersB poemsC childrenD black people58. It can be inferred that Phyllis’s trip to England with Nathaniel in 1773___.A. did not improve her healthB. was for business reasonsC. led to books of her poems being available in AmericaD. led to the publication of her poems because the English were more interested in religious and moral subjects59. The word “extolling” is closest in meaning to___A. She would have been more recognized as a poet if she had not been black.B. She would have written poetry if she had stayed in Africa.C. She went unrecognized as a poet during her lifetime.D. She only wrote religious poetry.(2)About fifty years ago, plant physiologists set out to grow roots by themselves in solutions in laboratory flasks. The scientists found that the nutrition of isolated roots was quite simple. They required sugar and the usual minerals and vitamins. However, they did not require organic nitrogen compounds. These roots got along fine on mineral inorganic nitrogen. Roots are capable of making their own proteins and other organic compounds. These activities by roots require energy, of course. The process of respiration uses sugar to make the high energy compound ATP, which drives the biochemical reactions. Respiration also require oxygen. Highly active roots require a good deal of oxygen.The study of isolated roots has provided an understanding of the relationship between shoots and roots in intact plants. The leaves of the shoots provide the roots with sugar and vitamins, and the roots provide the shoots with water and minerals. In addition, roots can provide the shoots with organic nitrogen compounds. This comesin handy for the growth of buds in the early spring when leaves are not yet functioning. Once leaves begin photosynthesizing, they produce protein, but only mature leaves can “export” protein to the rest of the plant in the form of amino acids.61. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The relationship between a plant’s roots and its shoots.B. What can be learned by growing roots in isolation.C. How plants can be grown without roots.D. What elements are necessary for the growth of plants.62. The underlined word “themselves” in Paragraph 1 refers to___.A. plant physiologistsB. solutionsC. laboratory flasksD. roots63. The scientists found what the isolated roots need is___.A. quite naturalB. sugar, minerals and vitaminsC. some rare vitaminsD. organic nitrogen compounds64. Roots have the ability to___.A. make proteinsB. obtain fresh airC. produce inorganic nitrogenD. carry out activities without energy65. According to the passage, what is ATP?A. A biochemical processB. The tip of a rootC. A chemical compoundD. A type of plant cell66. The underlined word “intact” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.A. matureB. wildC. wholeD. tiny67. The use of the phrase “comes in handy” underlined in Paragraph 2 indicates that the process is___.A. unavoidableB. predictableC. necessaryD. successful68. It can be inferred from the passage that, in the early spring, the buds of plants___.A. “export” protein in the form of amino acidsB. do not require waterC. have begun photosynthesizingD. obtain organic compounds from the root69. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?A. The results of two experiments are compared.B. A generalization is made, and several examples of it are given.C. The findings of an experiment are explained.D. A hypothesis is presented, and several means of proving it are suggested.70. Where is this passage likely to be found?A. A newsletter.B. A magazineC. A storybookD. A novel(3)Natural flavorings and fragrances are often costly and limited in supply. For example, the vital ingredient in a rose fragrance is extracted from natural rose oil at a cost of thousands of dollars a pound; an identical synthetic substance can be made for 1% of this cost. Since the early twentieth century, success in reproducing these substances has created a new industry that today produces hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances.Some natural fragrances are easily synthesized; these include vanillin, the aromatic ingredient in vanilla, and benzaldehyde, the aromatic ingredient in wild cherries. Other fragrances, however, have dozens, even hundreds of components. Only recently has it been possible to separate and identify these ingredients by the use of gas chromatography and spectroscopy. Once the chemical identity is known, it is often possible to synthesize them. Nevertheless, some complex substances such as the aroma of fresh coffee, have still not been duplicated satisfactorily.Many of the chemical compounds making up these synthetics are identical to those found in nature, and are as harmless or harmful as the natural substances. New products must be tested for safety, and when used in food, must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.The availability of synthetic flavors and fragrances has made possible a large variety of products, from inexpensive beverages to perfumed soap to used cars with applied “new car odor”.71. From the passage we can learn that___.A. natural flavorings and fragrances are not quite dearB. the limitation of natural flavorings and fragrances is clearC. the supply of natural flavorings and fragrances is adequate to meet the demandD. the cost of producing natural flavorings and fragrances is high72. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Natural rose fragrance is 100 times more expensive to produce than artificial rose fragrance.B. The most important ingredient in a rose fragrance is obtained from natural rose oil at a low cost.C. A different synthetic substance can be made for 1% of the cost.D. Natural rose oil costs the same as its fragrances.73. The industry of producing hundreds of artificial flavors and fragrances probably appeared in___.A. 2000B. 1953C.1909D.181074. According to the passage, all the following are easier to synthesize EXCEPT___.A. aromatic ingredient in vanillaB. vanillaC. aromatic ingredient in wild cherryD. the flavor of flesh coffee75. The underlined word “duplicated” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.A. make doubleB. make a copy ofC. produce something equal toD. take from76. Why does the author mention fresh coffee in Paragraph 2?A. As an example of complex substances having not been duplicated satisfactorily.B. Because the coffee fragrance is hard to produce.C. To conclude the passageD. If spectroscopy is adopted.77. ___, a substance can be synthesized.A. Upon identifying the basic components of itB. Once chemically analyzedC. When gas chromatography is usedD. If spectroscopy is adopted78. It can be inferred from the passage that___.A. vanillin is easier to synthesize than benzaldehydeB. not all synthetic flavors are harmlessC. in general, the less components there are in fragrance, the harder it is to synthesizeD. synthesized substances must be tested for safety only if they are used in food79. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. How to Synthesize FragrancesB. Synthetic Substances Are Easy to MakeC. Natural Flavorings and FragrancesD. Synthetic Flavors and Fragrances80. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Synthetic fragrances can be used to make a used car smell like a new one.B. Synthetic flavors and fragrances have added to the varieties of products.C. Lemon soap is made out of some delicious lemon.D. It is likely that a bottle of orange juice is synthesized.(4)Some people associate migration with birds. Birds to travel vast distances, but mammals also migrate. An example is the caribou, reindeer that graze on the grassy slopes of northern Canada. When the weather turns cold, they travel south until spring. Their tracks are so well-worn that they are clearly visible from the air. Another migrating mammal is the Alaska fur seal. Theses seals breed only in the Pribilot Islands in the Bering Sea. The young are born in June and by September are strong enough to go with their mothers on a journey of over 3,000 miles. Together they swim down the Pacific Coast of North America. The females and young travel as far as southern California. The males do not journey so far. They swim only to the Gulf of Alaska. In the spring, males and females all return to the islands, and there the cycle begins again. Whales are among the greatest migrators of all. The humpback and blue whales migrate thousands of miles each year from the polar seas to the tropics. Wales eat huge quantities of plankton. These are most abundant in cold polar waters. In winter, the whales move to warm waters to breed and give birth to their young.81. From the passage we can learn that___.A. people migrate like animalsB. only birds migrateC. the females fur seals migrate only to the Gulf of AlaskaD. not all mammals migrate82. The phrase “An example” underlined in Paragraph 1 refers to an example of a___.A. migratory mammalB. place where animals migrateC. migrating birdsD. person who associates migration with birds83. All the mammals are mentioned as migrating ones EXCEPT___.A. caribouB. fin whaleC. reindeerD. Alaska fur seal84. Where can you see from the air the migration of the mammals?A. In the Pribilot Islands.B. In the Bering SeaC. In southern CaliforniaD. In northern Canada85. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Wales breed in winter.B. Young whales are given birth in cold waters.C. Alaska fur seals give birth to the young only in one area.D. Alaska fur seals are born in warm weather.86. Together___ of Alaska fur seals swim down the Pacific Coast of North America.A. mothers and the youngB. fathers and the youngC. parents and the youngD. seals and whales87. Which of the following is NOT described inn the passage?A. Whales migrate to breed and give birth to their young.B. Whale-watching in Boston in summer is attracting.C. Seals breed in the north before migration.D. Reindeer feed on grass.88. Whales live on___.A. tiny plants and animals in the sea.B. the grassy slopes of northern Canada.C. their young in cold winter.D. the abundant seafood in tropic waters.89. How many kinds of migrating mammals are mentioned in the passage?A. FourB. ThreeC. TwoD. One90. What is the best title of the passage?A. Three Types of WhalesB. Birds MigrationC. Mammals Also MigrateD. Several Kinds of Migration(5)Electronic mail has become an extremely important and popular means of communication.Te convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by the extremely rapid growth in the volume of unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail is currently estimated to account for over half of all electronic mail traffic, up from an estimated 7 percent in 2001, and the volume continues to rise. Most of these messages are fraudulent or deceptive in one or more respects.The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs torecipients who cannot to refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such mail, or for both. The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of the electronic mail and creates a risk that anted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial, will be lost, overlooked, or discarded amidst the larger volume of unwanted messages, thus reducing the reliability and usefulness of electronic mail to the recipient. Some commercial electronic mail contains material that many recipients may consider vulgar or pornographic in nature.The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services, businesses, and educational and nonprofit institutions that carry and receives such mail, as there is a finite volume of mail that such providers, businesses, and institutions can handle without further investment in infrastructure. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mail.Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully include misleading information in the messages’ subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages. While some senders of commercial electronic mail messages provide simple and reliable ways for recipients to reject (or ‘opt-out’of) receipt of commercial electronic mail from such senders in the future, other senders provide no such ‘opt-out’ mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future, or both.Many senders of bulks unsolicited commercial electronic mail use computer programs to gather large numbers of electronic mail addresses on an automated basis from Internet websites or online services where users must post their addresses in order to make full use of the website or service.The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mail cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of technological approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well.91. According to the passage, efficiency of e-mail is threatened by___.A. heavy e-mail trafficB. fraudulent e-mail messagesC. large volume of messagesD. increasing amount of unwanted e-mail92. Which of the following is NOT true about unwanted e-mail?A. It costs money to receive them.B. It’s free to store them.C. It takes time to access them.D. It takes time to throw them away.93. Unwanted e-mail may___.A. cause companies to fail in businessB. cause wanted e-mail messages to loseC. damage the credit of a companyD. do good to a small company94. “Pornographic” in Paragraph 3 probably means___.A. decentB. instructionalC. sexualD. commercial95. What does unwanted e-mail messages do to the providers of the Internet services?A. Raising their costB. Raising the Internet speedC. Improving their businessD. Attracting investment96. “Disguise” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to___.A. revealB. hideC. deliverD. post97. The word “induce” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to___.A. cheatB. introduceC. provideD. harm98. “Opt-out” mechanism is probably___.A. a machine that can be attached to your computerB. a button that you can make a choice to read or not to readC. a software that you can play a computer gameD. an e-mail that says some good words to you99. It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that bulk unsolicited commercial e-mail will probably spread___.A. harmful virusB. unpleasant newsC. advertisementsD. adult jokes100. The unwanted e-mail problem can be solved if___.A. the government takes actionB. a new technology is adoptedC . more people are aware of the problemD. joint efforts are made and new technology is usedSection3: cloze testInsurance is the sharing of ___ (1). Nearly everyone is exposed ___ (2) risk of some sort. The house Owner, for example, knows that his ___ (3) can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his Vessel may be lost at ea; the breadwinner knows that he may die by ___ (4) and ___ (5) his family in poverty. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire or every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a ___ (6) sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to ___ (7) the needs of few who do suffer ___ (8). In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the ___ (9). This is the basis of ___( 10). Those who pay the contributions are known as ___ (11) and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer.The ___ (12) for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested ___ (13) past experience. If the companies fix their premiums too ___ (14), there will be more competition in their branch of insurance and they may lose ___(15). On the other hand, if they make the premiums too low, they will not have ___(16) and may even have to drop out ___(17) business. So the ordinary forces of supply and ___ (18) keep premiums at a proper ___ (19) to both insurers to both insures and those who ___ (20) insurance.参考答案Section1。

英语笔译综合能力三级1. Ceremonialn. 仪式 adj. 正式的A head of state may not have much political power, and may be restricted to ceremonial duties.国家元首也许没有太多政治上的权利，而仅限于礼仪上的职责。

2. stutter-step停顿，顿挫运动（如，足球、篮球、网球）中的一种步法，以停顿和顿挫影响对手的判断；这个短语也有“对于某项工作或举动做游移不定，没有准确的决定”的意思3. cravev. 恳求，渴望He knows that if they trust him, he can give them the happiness which they crave. 他知道如果他们信任他，他能够把他们热切渴望的幸福赐予他们。

At this time the inner man began to crave the nourishment.这时，肚子开始咕咕叫着要吃东西了。

4. feten. 庆祝、祭祀、节日； vt. 宴请、招待、给予巨大的荣誉Despite the bad weather the fete will go ahead.尽管天气不好，庆祝活动会照常进行。

5. anticlimactic突降的，突减的，虎头蛇尾的The conclusion of the movie was anticlimactic.这部电影的结局结束的太仓促。

6. adulationn. 奉承，阿谀7. duckn. 鸭子，急忙蹲下，闪避，<俚>人，家伙vi. 没入水中，闪避vt. 猛按入水，躲避She had to duck her head to get through the low doorway.她不得不低下头穿过低矮的门口。

The children ducked each other in the swimming pool. 孩子们在游泳池里互相把对方按入水中。

三级笔译综合能力pdf一、语言知识与运用要求考生熟练掌握中英双语的语言基础，包括词汇、语法、句型等。

考生应具备良好的阅读、写作和表达能力，能够准确理解并表达中英双语的基本语义和语境。

二、翻译策略与技巧考生应了解基本的翻译原则和策略，掌握常见的翻译技巧和方法，如直译、意译、增译、省译等。

同时，考生应具备根据不同的语境和目的选择合适的翻译方法和技巧的能力。

三、百科知识考生应具备广泛的学科知识和常识，包括历史、地理、科学、文化、艺术等方面。

考生应能够在翻译过程中处理各种专业术语和学科知识，确保译文信息的准确性和完整性。

四、文化理解与表达考生应了解中英文化的差异，能够准确理解并表达原文的文化内涵，包括一些常见的文化意象和传统习俗等。

同时，考生应注意跨文化交际中的礼貌原则和表达方式，确保译文的得体性和可接受性。

五、笔译实务考生应具备较强的笔译实务能力，包括各类文本的翻译和实务操作等。

在考试中，考生需独立完成一份笔译实务，考查其实际工作能力和业务水平。

六、政治、经济、法律知识考生应了解国内外政治、经济、法律等方面的基本知识，能够在翻译过程中处理相关领域的文本和信息。

同时，考生还应具备一定的专业术语和行话的掌握能力。

七、标点符号用法考生应熟练掌握中英两种语言的标点符号用法，能够准确使用逗号、句号、分号、冒号、引号等常用标点符号，以确保译文的正确性和流畅性。

八、数字书写规范考生应掌握数字的书写规范和表达方式，能够正确使用阿拉伯数字和中文数字，并在不同的语境中采用适当的数字表达方式。

九、汉语表达习惯考生应了解汉语的表达习惯和语言规范，能够准确传达原文的信息和意义，同时注意语气的表达和修辞的运用。

同时，考生还应注意汉语的习惯用语和文化内涵。