电子信息专业英语翻译

电子专业词汇翻译1 backplane 背板2 Band gap voltage reference 带隙电压参考3 benchtop supply 工作台电源4 Block Diagram 方块图5 Bode Plot 波特图6 Bootstrap 自举7 Bottom FET Bottom FET8 bucket capcitor 桶形电容9 chassis 机架10 Combi-sense Combi-sense11 constant current source 恒流源12 Core Sataration 铁芯饱和13 crossover frequency 交叉频率14 current ripple 纹波电流15 Cycle by Cycle 逐周期16 cycle skipping 周期跳步17 Dead Time 死区时间18 DIE Temperature 核心温度19 Disable 非使能，无效，禁用，关断20 dominant pole 主极点21 Enable 使能，有效，启用22 ESD Rating ESD额定值23 Evaluation Board 评估板24 Exceeding the specifications below may result in permanent dam age to the device, or device malfunction. Operation outside of the parameters specified in the Electrical Characteristics section is not i mplied. 超过下面的规格使用可能引起永久的设备损害或设备故障。

建议不要工作在电特性表规定的参数范围以外。

25 Failling edge 下降沿26 figure of merit 品质因数27 float charge voltage 浮充电压28 flyback power stage 反驰式功率级29 forward voltage drop 前向压降30 free-running 自由运行31 Freewheel diode 续流二极管32 Full load 满负载33 gate drive 栅极驱动34 gate drive stage 栅极驱动级35 gerber plot Gerber 图36 ground plane 接地层37 Henry 电感单位：亨利38 Human Body Model 人体模式39 Hysteresis 滞回40 inrush current 涌入电流41 Inverting 反相42 jittery 抖动43 Junction 结点44 Kelvin connection 开尔文连接45 Lead Frame 引脚框架46 Lead Free 无铅47 level-shift 电平移动48 Line regulation 电源调整率49 load regulation 负载调整率50 Lot Number 批号51 Low Dropout 低压差52 Miller 密勒53 node 节点54 Non-Inverting 非反相55 novel 新颖的56 off state 关断状态57 Operating supply voltage 电源工作电压58 out drive stage 输出驱动级59 Out of Phase 异相60 Part Number 产品型号61 pass transistor pass transistor62 P-channel MOSFET P沟道MOSFET63 Phase margin 相位裕度64 Phase Node 开关节点65 portable electronics 便携式电子设备66 power down 掉电67 Power Good 电源正常68 Power Groud 功率地69 Power Save Mode 节电模式70 Power up 上电71 pull down 下拉72 pull up 上拉73 Pulse by Pulse 逐脉冲（Pulse by Pulse）74 push pull converter 推挽转换器75 ramp down 斜降76 ramp up 斜升77 redundant diode 冗余二极管78 resistive divider 电阻分压器79 ringing 振铃80 ripple current 纹波电流81 rising edge 上升沿82 sense resistor 检测电阻83 Sequenced Power Supplys 序列电源84 shoot-through 直通，同时导通85 stray inductances. 杂散电感86 sub-circuit 子电路87 substrate 基板88 Telecom 电信89 Thermal Information 热性能信息90 thermal slug 散热片91 Threshold 阈值92 timing resistor 振荡电阻93 Top FET Top FET94 Trace 线路，走线，引线95 Transfer function 传递函数96 Trip Point 跳变点97 turns ratio 匝数比，＝Np / Ns。

电子工程专业英语词汇翻译ac-drives 交流变频器ac- motors 交流电机asymmetrical 非对称的attenuation 衰减automation and drives 自动化与驱动back-to-back 背靠背的，紧接的backward-travelling waves 向后传播的波band width 带宽bridged impedance 桥接阻抗cable bridge 电缆桥架capacitance 电容capacitive 电容性的charge 电荷circuit schematic diagram 电路原理图解cladding 覆层clock cycle 脉冲周期coefficient 系数common-mode noise 普通模式噪音conductivity 传导性configuration 构造constant 常量constraint 约束，强制copper sheet 铜片core transistor logic 磁心晶体管逻辑coupling 联结current carrying capacity 载流水平（允许电流）damping 阻尼decentralized automation 分布式自动化系统decomposition 分解decouple 分离delay circuit 延迟电路dielectric sheets 介电原片differential pair 微分对diode clamping钳位edge connector 边缘连接器electrical infrastructure 电气基础设施electrical installation 电气安装技术equations set 方程组evenly 均匀地flip-chip 后滚翻 forward-travelling waves 向前传播的波four-layer 四层global overview 世界概览granularity 间隔尺寸ground plane 地平面，水平投影hookup 接线图human machine interface 人机界面impedance 阻抗incidence 入射incident wave 入射波inconsequential 不合逻辑的incorporated 合成一体的inductance 感应系数industrial communication 工业通讯industrial controls 工业控制inherently 固有地in isolation 绝缘instantaneous 瞬间的interleaved 交叉intrinsic 本征的laminate 碾压lead 导线leakage current 泄漏电流load admittance 负载导纳loops 线圈lumped 集中的macroprocessor 微处理器manufacturing execution systems 制造执行系统matrix 矩阵medium-power distribution 中压配电modal 模式的modeling 建模motion control 运动控制motor and soft starters 电机及软起动器motor management systems 电机管理系统mounting pads 安装垫片multimedia show 多媒体展示negligible 能够忽略的noise margins 噪音安全系数numerical controls 数控系统off-diagonal terms 分离对角线条件optimal 的，最理想的overload relays 过载继电器overly 过度地overshoot 过冲parastics 寄生效应passive component 无peak current 峰值电流power dissipation 电力分散prepreg 预浸料呸process automation 过程自动化process instrumentation and analytics 过程仪表及分析仪器proximity effect 邻近效应punched 穿孔radian 弧度reactance 电抗recharge 再充reflection coefficient 反射系数regulated power supply 稳压电源resistance 阻抗resistive 有抵抗力的resistor 电阻器resonate 共振routability 路线routing 邮件路由schematic 示意图segment 一段self-inductance 自感应series inductance 串联感应services & industry solutions 服务和工业解决方案simulation 模拟single-ended termination 单一终端终止stackup 定高分层盘旋stub 断株subdivide 细分susceptible 易受影响的switching 配电；交流terminator 终结器thermal cycle 热循环thickness 厚度totally integrated power 全集成能源管理transistor 晶体管undershoot 负脉冲信号；下冲voice interference analysis system 语音干扰分析系统voltage regulator 调压器warpage 热曲线warping 扭曲，变形waveguide 波导wiring layout 线路配置图。

a frame a 形杆a pole a 形杆a register 累加寄存器abend 任务异常结束abnormal current 异常电流abnormal end of task 任务异常结束abnormal glow discharge 反常辉光放电abnormal radiation 异常辐射abnormal reflection 异常反射abnormal voltage 异常电压abrasion 磨蚀abrasion resistance 抗磨性abrupt change 突然变化abruption 断裂abscissa 横坐标absolute 绝对的absolute accuracy 绝对准确度absolute block 绝对闭塞absolute calibration 绝对校准absolute capacity 绝对容量absolute coding 绝对编码absolute constant 绝对常数absolute delay 绝对延迟absolute electrical units 绝对电单位absolute electrode potential 绝对电极电势absolute electromagnetic unit 绝对电磁单位absolute electrometer 绝对静电计absolute electrostatic unit 绝对静电单位absolute error 绝对误差absolute galvanometer 绝对检疗absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute level 绝对级absolute measurement 绝对测量absolute method of measurement 绝对测量法absolute peak 绝对峰值absolute permeability 绝对磁导率absolute permittivity 绝对电容率absolute potential 绝对电势absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute sensitivity 绝对灵敏度absolute slip 绝对转差率absolute speed drop 绝对转速降absolute speed rise 绝对转速升absolute speed variation 绝对转速变动absolute stability 绝对稳定性absolute system of electrical units 绝对电单位制absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute term 绝对项absolute unit 绝对单位absolute voltage drop 绝对电压降absolute voltage rise 绝对电压上升absolute zero 绝对零度absorption 吸收absorption band 吸收带absorption circuit 吸收电路absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption control 吸收控制absorption current 吸收电流absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption plane 吸收面absorption wavemeter 吸收式波长计absorptive dielectric 吸收性电介体absorptive power 吸收能力abstract 文摘ac 交流ac analog computer 交粒拟计算机ac distribution 交龄电ac servomechanism 交僚服机构ac servomotor 交僚服电动机ac shunt motor 交林激电动机ac transmission 交龄电ac watt hour meter 交羚度表ac welder 交羚焊机accelerated ageing test 加速老化试验accelerated life test 加速寿命试验accelerating chamber 加速室accelerating force curve 加速力曲线accelerating relay 加速继电器accelerating torque 加速转矩acceleration 加速acceleration constant 加速常数acceleration lag 加速滞后acceleration relay 加速继电器acceleration time 加速时间accelerative force 加速力accelerator 加速器accelerometer 加速度计acceptance tests 验收试验acceptor 受主access arm 存取臂access mechanism 存取机构access time 存取时间accessibility 可达性accessor 存取机构accessory apparatus 辅助设备accidental coincidence 偶然符合accidental error 偶然误差accommodation 第accounting routine 费用计算程序accumulated dose 累积剂量accumulated error 累积误差accumulation 积蓄accumulator 二次电池accumulator battery 蓄电池accumulator cell 蓄电池单元accumulator charge 蓄电池充电accumulator discharge 蓄电池放电accumulator drive 蓄电池牵引accumulator insulator 蓄电池绝缘体accumulator plate 蓄电池极板accumulator railcar 电瓶机动车accumulator rectifier 蓄电池整流accumulator room 蓄电池室accumulator switch 蓄电池开关accumulator voltage 蓄电池电压accuracy 准确accuracy class 精度等级accuracy grade 准确度accuracy of measurement 测量准确度accuracy of reading 读数准确accuracy rating 准确度acid 酸acid proof 耐酸的acid resisting 耐酸的acknowledge character 肯定字符acknowledgement 肯定应答aclinic line 无倾线acoustic material 吸音材料acoustic memory 音存储器acoustic oscillation 声振荡acoustic signal 音响信号acoustic wave 声波acoustical frequency 声频across the line moter 直接起动电动机across the line starter 直接起动器across the line starting 直接起动acryl resin 丙烯尸acsr 钢芯铝线action correction 动作校正action current 动作电流action potential 动作电位action principle 作用（量）原理activated substance 激活物质activation 激活activator 活化剂active 活动的active circuit 有效电路active component 有效部分active current 有效电流active electric network 有源电网络active energy meter 有功电度表active load 有效负载active material 活性物质active polar surface 有效极面active power 有功功率active power relay 有功功率继电器active quadripole 有源四端网络active transducer 有源换能器active voltage 有功电压active wires 有效导线active zone 有效区activity coefficient 活度系数activity curve 放射性曲线actual current 有效电流actual efficiency 实际效率actual flux density 有效感应密度actual loading test 实际负载试验actual output 有效输出actual size 实际尺寸actual tooth density 有效齿端磁通密度actual value 实际值actual value sensor 有效值传感器actuating mechanism 操作机构actuating motor 伺服电机actuating quantity 作用量actuating signal 起动信号actuator 执行机构acute exposure 急性暴露acyclic dynamo 单极发电机acyclic generator 单极发电机acyclic machine 单极电机ad converter 模拟数字转换器adaptation 适应adaptation time 适应时间adapter 转接器adaptive control 自适控制adaptive control of machine tool 机床自适应控制adaptive equalizer 自适应均衡器adc 模拟数字转换器add even check 奇偶校验add pulse 加法脉冲added circuit 加法电路addend 加数adder 加法器adder subtracter 加减器adding element 加法元件adding network 加法网络addition agent 助剂addition cascade 相加级联ear 线夹earth 接地earth bar 接地棒earth capacity 对地电容earth circuit 大地电earth clamp 地线夹earth conductivity 大地电导率earth conductor 接地导线earth connection 接地earth current 大地电流earth current meter 大地电另earth dam 土坝earth detector 泄漏指示器earth electrode 接地电极earth fault 接地故障earth fault protection 接地保护装置earth fault relay 接地故障继电器earth jack 接地插孔earth lead 接地导线earth leakage circuit breaker 漏电保护断路器earth leakage current 漏地电流earth magnetic field 地磁场earth magnetism 地磁earth plate 接地板earth plate resistance 接地板电阻earth potential 地电位earth pressure 地压earth resistance 接地电阻earth resistance meter 接地电阻测量计earth resistor 接地电阻earth return 大地回路earth return circuit 地回路earth return system 地回路方式earth rod 接地棒earth terminal 接地端子earth wire 架空地线earthed 接地的earthed circuit 接地电路earthed neutral 接地中线earthed neutral system 接地中线系统earthenware conduit 陶瓷管道earthenware duct 陶瓷管道earthenware pipe 陶瓷管earthing bus 接地母线earthing conductor 接地导线earthing contact 接地接点earthing device 接地装置earthing inductor 接地感应线圈earthing resistance 接地电阻earthing switch 接地开关earthing system 接地网络earthing terminal 接地端子earthing transformer 接地变压器earthquake 地震earthwork 土方工程ebonite 硬橡胶ebonite plate 硬橡胶板ebullition 沸腾eccentric 偏心轮eccentric position 偏心位置eccentricity 偏心率echo check 返回检查economic dispatch 经济等economic life 经济寿命economic load dispatching 经济负荷等economical current density 经济电淋度economical loading 经济负载economical operation 经济运行economizer 省煤器economy 经济eddy 涡流eddy current 涡流傅科电流eddy current brake 涡疗动器eddy current braking 涡疗动eddy current circuit 涡羚路eddy current damping 涡凌尼eddy current dynamometer 涡力率计eddy current field 涡痢eddy current loss 涡琉失eddy current loss factor 涡琉耗系数eddy current motor 涡羚动机eddy currents 涡流edge effect 边缘效应edge notched card 边缘切口卡片edge position control 边缘位置控制edgewise winding 扁绕绕组edison accumulator 铁镍蓄电池edison effect 爱迪生效应edison screw cap 爱迪生灯泡头edison socket 螺口插座education of automatics 自动化教学effect 效应effect of capacity 电容效应effect of inductivity 感应率效应effective 有效的effective admittance 有效导纳effective area 有效面积effective current 有效电流effective energy 有效能量effective half life 有效半衰期effective head 净落差effective impedance 有效阻抗effective inductance 有效电感effective load 有效负载effective mass 有效质量effective output 有效功率effective payload 有效营业载荷effective permeability 有效磁导率effective power 有效功率effective radius 有效半径effective range 有效测量范围effective reactance 有效电抗effective resistance 有效电阻effective steepness 有效陡度effective value 均方根值effective voltage 有效电压effective work 有效功effectiveness 有效性efficiency 效率efficiency curve 效率曲线efficiency test 效率试验effluent 溢流egg insulator 蛋形绝缘子eigenfunction 本寨数eigenvalue 本盏eigenvector 固有向量ejector 喷射器elastance 倒电容elastic collision 弹性碰撞elastic control 弹性控制elastic deformation 弹性变形elastic feedback 弹性反馈elastic feedback controller 弹性反馈控制器elastic limit 弹性极限elastic modulus 弹性模数elastic scattering 弹性散射elasticity 弹性elbow 弯管electric 电的electric alarm 电警报electric apparatus 电气装置electric appliance 电气七electric arc 电弧electric arc furnace 电弧炉electric balance 电力秤;电平衡electric bell 电铃electric blanket 电毯electric bleaching 电漂白electric boiler 电热锅炉electric brake 电力制动器electric braking 电气制动electric brazing 电热铜焊electric bread toaster 电气烘面包炉electric breakdown 电哗electric brooder 电热式育雏器electric bus 电动公共汽车electric calorimeter 电气量热器electric capacity 电容electric car 电车electric charge 电荷electric charge surface density 电荷表面密度electric charge time constant 充电时间常数electric charge volume density 电荷体密度electric chronograph 电动记时器electric circuit 电路electric clock 电钟electric conduction 电气传导electric conductivity 电导率electric conductor 导体electric contact 电接点electric control 电力控制正方翻译网作者：正方翻译网l network l 形网络label 标记labile equilibrium 不稳定平衡laboratory 实验室laboratory equipment 实验设备labyrinth packing 迷宫式密封lac 漆lacquer 漆lacquer film 喷漆薄膜ladder 梯子ladder network 梯形网络lag 滞后lag theorem 延迟定理lagging current 滞后电流lagging device 滞后装置lagging load 滞后负载lagging phase 滞后相位lagging power factor 滞后功率因数lambert 朗伯lamella 薄板lamellar field 非旋场lamina 薄板laminar flow 层流laminated brush 叠片电刷laminated brush switch 叠片刷触点开关laminated core 叠片铁心laminated dielectric 叠片介质laminated insulation 叠片绝缘laminated magnet 叠片磁铁laminated plastic 层压塑料lamination factor 叠层系数lamination insulation 叠钢片绝缘lamp 灯lamp bracket 灯架lamp bulb 玻璃泡lamp circuit 电灯电路lamp cord 灯绳lamp efficiency 电灯效率lamp globe 灯泡lamp guard 灯泡保护网lamp holder 灯座lamp load 电灯负载lamp post 灯杆lamp shade 灯罩lamp signal 灯光信号lamp socket 灯座lamp test 灯泡试验lamp with internal diffusion coating 内扩散灯泡land 陆landing 登陆landing area floodlight 着陆探照灯landing light 着陆灯language processor 语言处理程序lap joint 叠式焊接lap parallel winding 迭绕组lap welding 搭接焊lap winding 迭绕组laplace operator 拉普拉斯算符laplace plane 拉普拉斯平面laplace transformation 拉普拉斯变换laplace's equation 拉普拉斯方程laplace's law 拉普拉斯定律laplacian 拉普拉斯算符lapping 重叠large scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路large scale integration 大规模集成laser 睐泽;激光laser beam 激光束laser cutting 激光切割laser heating 激光加热laser machining 激光加工laser optics 激光学laser welding 激光焊接last in first out list 后进先出表latch 闭锁latch locking 插销锁定latching electromagnet 闭锁电磁铁latching relay 闭锁继电器latency 等待时间latency time 等待时间latent electricity 束缚电latent heat 潜热latent oscillations 潜伏振荡latitude effect 纬度效应latour motor 自励单相换向歧动机lattice 格子lattice coil 蜂房式线圈lattice network 桥型网络lattice tower x 形塔lattice type filter 桥式滤波器law 定律law of electromagnetic induction 电磁感应定律law of electrostatic attraction 库仑定律law of regulating action 第酌定律law of similarity 相似定律lawrence tube 彩色显象管lay 绞lay ratio 扭绞系数layer 层layer insulation 层间绝缘layer insulation test 层间绝缘试验layer of a distributed winding 分布绕组的层layer short 层间短路laying 敷设laying of cable 敷设电缆layout 布置lead 铅;超前;导线lead accumulator 铅蓄电池lead acid cell 铅酸电池lead covered cable 铅皮电缆lead covered wire 铅皮线lead covering 铅皮lead foil 铬箔lead in 引入lead in insulator 引入绝缘子lead in wire 引入线lead inductance 引线电感lead lag circuit 超前滞后电路lead loss 铅耗lead network 超前网络lead screen 铅屏蔽lead sheath 铅皮lead sheathed cable 铅皮电缆lead sheathing 铅皮lead shield 铅屏lead sleeve 铅套筒lead zirconate titanate 锆钛酸铅leader 先导;引线leader cable 引线电缆leading current 超前电流leading edge of brush 电刷前缘leading in cable 引入电缆leading in pole 引入杆leading in tube 引入线套管leading in wire 引入线leading load 电容性负载leading phase 超前相位leading pole tip 前极边leading power factor 超前功率因数leading through 引入套管leads 引线leaf electrometer 箔验电计leaf electroscope 箔验电器leak 漏leak detector 漏泄检验器leak resistance 泄漏电阻leak test 泄漏试验leakage 漏leakage coefficient 漏泄系数leakage conductance 漏电导leakage current 漏电流leakage factor 漏泄系数leakage field 漏泄场leakage flux 漏磁通leakage indicator 检漏计leakage inductance 漏磁电感leakage loss 漏泄损失leakage meter 漏泄计leakage path 泄漏通道leakage path length 漏电路径长度leakage rate 泄电率leakage reactance 漏电抗leakage reactance voltage 漏电抗电压leakage transformer 漏磁变压器leakance 漏泄电导leakance per unit length 每单位长度的漏泄电导learning control 学习控制least squares method 最小二乘法least squares technique 最小二乘法leaving signal 起动信号leblanc connection 勒布朗克接法leblanc exciter 勒布朗克励磁机lecher wires 勒谢尔线leclanche cell 勒克朗谢电池left hand rule 左手定则left handed twist 左扭转leg 变压弃芯柱legal ohm 法定欧姆legal unit 法定单位length 长度length of span 跨度距离lens 透镜lens turret 透镜旋转台lenz's law 楞次定律leonard control 伦纳德控制lepton 轻子lethal dose 致死射线量lethal exposure 致死性照射letharge 勒letter 字母level 水平level compensator 电平补偿器level compound excitation 平复励level crossing 平面交叉level diagram 电平图level fixing 电平固定level measurement 电平测量level meter 电平计level recorder 能级分布;能级记录仪level regulator 电平第器level transmitter 能级传送器lever 杠杆lever drive 杠杆式传动lever light 操纵杆指示灯lever lock 杆锁lever switch 杠杆开关leyden jar 莱登瓶lichtenberg's figure 李庭博图lid 盖life 寿命life curve 寿命曲线life test 寿命试验life time 寿命lift 升降机lifting magnet 起重磁铁lifting motor 起重电动机lifting speed 提升速度light 光light beam 光束light beam oscillograph 光束示波器light center 光中心light conductor 光导管light distribusion curve 配光曲线light distribution 光分配light filter 滤光器light flash 闪光light house lamp 灯塔灯light industry 轻工业light load 轻负载light output ratio 照莽率light output ratio of a fitting 光源效率light pen 光笔light relay 光继电器光控继电器light resistance 耐光性light running 无载运转light sensitiveness 光敏度light sensitivity 光敏度light signal 灯光信号light source 光源light spectrum 光谱light spot galvanometer 光电检疗light spot instrument 光点指示式仪表light spot scanner 光点扫描设备light valve 光阀light water power reactor 轻水动力堆light water reactor 轻水堆light wave 光波lighting 照明lighting cable 照苗缆lighting circuit 照苗路lighting engineering 照盲程lighting equipment 照描备lighting fitting 照娩件lighting load 照煤载lighting network 照螟路lightning 闪电lightning arrester 避雷器lightning conductor 避雷针lightning current 雷电流lightning discharge 雷闪放电lightning disturbance 雷害lightning generator 人造闪电发生器lightning path 雷痪径lightning proof transformer 避雷变压器lightning protection 避雷设备lightning resistant power line 耐雷输电线lightning rod 避雷针lightning stroke 雷击lightning stroke current 雷荤流lightning stroke recorder 雷磺录器lightning surge 雷电过电压lightning switch 避雷篇关like charges 同极性电荷like poles 同名极limit 界限limit cycle 界限周期limit indicator 极限指示器limit load 极限负载limit load operation 极限负载运行limit of measurement 测量范围limit switch 限制开关limit tolerances 界限公差limit value 极限值limit value threshold 极限值阈limiter 限制器limiter circuit 限制电路limiting characteristic function 有限特性函数limiting no damage current 不溶极限电流limiting resistance 限羚阻limiting value 极限值line 线路line absorption 线吸收line battery 线路电池line break 断线line breaker 断路器line capacity 线路容量line charging capacity 线路充电容量line conductor 线路导线line constant 线路常数line construction 线路架设line current 线路电流line drop 线路电压降line drop compensation 线路压降补偿line equipment 线路设备line fault 线路故障line feeder 补强馈电导线line hardware 线路金具line impedance 线路阻抗line insulation 线路绝缘line insulator 线路绝缘子line insulator string 线路绝缘子串line isolating switch 线路断路器line length 线路长度line location 线路勘查line losses 线路损耗line of electric force 电力线line of flow 吝line of force 力线line of magnetic force 磁力线line of magnetic induction 磁感应线line of magnetization 磁化线line of zero variation 无偏线line pattern 电力网图line protection 线路保护line reactor 线路感应器line relay 线路继电器line resistance 线路电阻line section 线段line short circuit 线路短接line simulator 仿真线line switch 线路开关line terminals 线路线端line to earth voltage 线路对地电压line to line short circuit 线间短路line to line voltage 线间电压line voltage 线路电压line voltage drop 线路电压下降linear actuator 线性传动装置linear attenuation 线性衰减linear characteristic 线性特性linear circuit 线性电路linear conditions 线性状态linear control 线性控制linear control system 线性控制系统linear detection 线性检波linear device 线性装置linear distortion 线性失真linear element 线性元件linear expansion 线性膨胀linear expansion coefficient 线性膨胀系数linear filter 线性滤波器linear four terminal network 线性四端网络linear function 线性函数linear induction motor 线性感应电动机linear integrated circuit 线性集成电路linear interpolation 线性内插法linear motor 线性电动机linear network 线性网络linear operator 线性算符linear oscillations 线性振荡linear polarization 线性极化linear potentiometer 线性电位计linear power amplifier 线性功率放大器linear programming 线性规划linear resistance 线性电阻linear scale 线性标度linear synchronous motor 线性同步电动机linear system 线性系统linearity 直线性linearity control 线性蝶linearity error 线性误差linearity in phase 相位的线性linearity theorem 线性理论linearization 线性化linearization range 线性区linearizing circuit 线性化电路lineman 线路工人lineman climbers 线路工脚扣lines of force density 力线密度lining 衬里link 环节link fuse 熔线片;链熔线link insulator 串式绝缘子link line 连络线linkage 连锁linkage coefficient 磁链系数liquefied natural gas 液化天然气liquid 液体liquid cooling 液体冷却liquid crystal 液晶liquid damper 液体阻尼器liquid damping 液体阻尼liquid dash pot 液体阻尼器liquid dielectric 液体电介质liquid expantion type thermostat 液体膨胀式恒温器liquid fuel 液体燃料liquid fuse 液体熄弧保安器liquid helium 液氦liquid insulation 液体绝缘liquid junction potential 液体接触电位liquid level control 液面第器liquid level controller 液面第器liquid level governor 液面第器liquid level indicator 液面仪liquid level recorder 液面记录器liquid level switch 液位开关liquid metal coolant 液态金属冷却介质liquid metal fueled reactor 液体金属燃料堆liquid resistance 液体电阻liquid resistance transducer 液体电阻传感器liquid resistor 液体电阻器liquid rheostat 液体变阻器liquid waste 液体废料lissajous figures 李萨如图形list processing 表处理liter 升litharge 氧化铅litz wire 绞合线live axle 织轴live conductor 带电导线live line 带电线路live part 有电部件live tank oil circuit breaker 贫油断路器live wire maintenance 带电线维修load 负载load admittance 负载导纳load and go 装入立即执行load angle characteristic 负载角特性load area 负载区域load break switch 负载断路开关load capacity 负载能力load center 负载中心load characteristic 负载特性load characteristic curve 负载特性曲线load circuit 负载电路load control 负载第load current 负载电流load curve 负载曲线load dispatch 负载等load dispatcher 负载等员load dispatching board 负载等盘load dispatching office 配电所load diversity 负载不同时率load drop 负载降低load duration curve 负载持续时间曲线load factor 负载系数load flow calculation 潮疗算load fluctuation 负载变化load frequency control 负载频率控制load hauled 牵引载荷load impedance 负载阻抗load limit 负载极限load losses 负载损耗load module 输入模块load node 负载节点load peak 负荷峰值load per axle 轴负重load power 负载功率load power factor 负载功率因数load pulse 负载脉冲load ratio adjuster 带负载电压蝶器load regulation 负载第load removing 负载除去load resistance 负载电阻load resistor 负荷电阻器load rise 负载升高load saturation curve 负载饱和曲线load scheduling 负载编制load shedding 甩负荷load shifting 负载转移load tap change 带载抽头切换load test 负载试验load torque 负载转距load transfer 负载转移loaded cable 负载感电缆loaded line 负载线路loaded q 负载时q 值loading back method 反馈法loading coil 加感线圈loading coil pot 加感线箱圈loading gauge 装载限界local 局部的local action 局部酌local back up 地方备用local circuit 局部电路local coil 局部线圈local control 局部控制local current 局部电流local feedback 局部反馈local heating 局部加热local illumination 局部照明local lighting 局部照明local line 局部线路local oscillation 局部振荡local resonance 局部共振localization 测位location parameter 位置参数lock magnet 锁定磁铁lock test 锁定试验lock up relay 闩锁继电器locked rotor current 锁定转子电流locked rotor test 锁定转子试验locked rotor torque 锁定转子转矩locking 锁定locking circuit 锁定电路locking device 闭锁装置locking list 连锁图表locking pulse 锁定脉冲locking range 同步范围lockout 闭塞lockout relay 闭锁继电器locomotive 机车locomotive kilometer 机车公里locus 轨迹log 记录表log characteristic 对数特性logarithm 对数logarithmic amplifier 对数增幅器logarithmic amplitude characteristic 对数振幅特性logarithmic decrement 对数减缩量logarithmic gain phase characteristic 对数增益相位特性logarithmic phasefrequency characteristic 对数相位频率特性logarithmic ratemeter 对数强度计logarithmic scale 对数刻度logbook 记录表logger 记录器logging device 记录器logic 逻辑logic instruction 逻辑指令logic structure 逻辑结构logic symbol 逻辑符号logic unit 逻辑运算器logical 逻辑的logical address 逻辑地址logical circuit 逻辑电路logical comparison 逻辑比较logical design 逻辑设计logical expression 逻辑表达式logical function 逻辑函数logical gate 逻辑门logical iocs 逻辑输入输出控制系统logical multiplication 逻辑乘积logical operation 逻辑运算logical operator 逻辑算符logical product 逻辑积logical program 逻辑程序logical shift 逻辑移位logical sum 逻辑和long 长的long chort winding 长距绕组long distance line 长途线long distance transmission 长途输电long distance transmission line 长途输电线long line effect 长线效应long persistence screen 长余辉荧光屏long pitch winding 长距绕组long power transmission line 长输电线路long rod insulator 长杆绝缘子long scale instrument 长刻度仪表long term dynamics 长时间过渡过程long term overloading 长时间过载longitudinal differential protection 纵联差动保护longitudinal field 纵向场longitudinal load 纵向负载longitudinal magnetisation 纵向磁化longitudinal oscillation 纵向振动longitudinal redundancy check 水平冗余校验longitudinal section 纵切面longitudinal stay 纵向拉线longitudinal stress 纵向应力longitudinal vibration 纵向振动longitudinal wave 纵波loom motor 织布机电动机loop 回线loop current 回路电流loop current equation 回路电两程loop gain 环路增益loop gain characteristic 环路增益特性loop galvanometer 回线检疗loop line 环形线路loop method 环形法loop network 环形网络loop oscillograph 回线示波器loop phase angle 环路相位角loop system 环形系统loop test 环线试验loop transfer function 环路传递函数loose contact 接触不良loose coupling 弱耦合loss 损失loss angle 损耗角loss angle measurement 损耗角测量loss angle measuring bridge 损耗角测量用电桥loss factor 损失率loss factor measurement 损耗系数测量loss free dielectric 无损耗电介质loss meter 损耗电度表loss of load 甩负荷loss of phase 断相loss of stability 失去稳定性loss resistence 损耗电阻lossfree condenser 无损失电容器lossfree line 无损耗线路lossless circuit 无损失电路loudspeaker 扬声器low capacity cable 小容量电缆low carbon steel 低碳钢low energy relay 低耗能继电器low enriched uranium 低浓铀low frequency 低频low frequency distortion 低频失真low frequency furnace 低频炉low frequency induction furnace 低频感应电炉low frequency transistor 低频晶体管low head hydroelectric power station 低水头发电厂low loss line 低损耗线路low noise lever transformer 低噪声变压器low oil content circuit breaker 少油断路器low pressure 低压low pressure mercury lamp 低压水银灯low speed 低速low tension 低压low tension arc 低压电弧low tension cable 低压电缆low tension circuit 低压电路low tension coil 低压线圈low tension side 低压侧low tension winding 低压绕组low voltage 低压low voltage circuit 低压电路low voltage installation 低压设备low voltage insulator 低压绝缘子low voltage line 低压线路low voltage network 低压配电网low voltage protection 低电压保护装置low voltage relay 低压继电器low voltage switch gear 低压开关low voltage system 低压系统low voltage transformer 低压变压器low voltage winding 低压绕组low water level 低水位lubricant 滑润剂lubrication 润滑lubricator 加油器lug 接线片lumen 流lumen hour 列∈摈lumen second 撩膑lumenmeter 疗lumens per watt 每瓦流luminaire 发光体luminaire efficiency 照莽率luminance 亮度luminescence 发光luminescent material 发光物质luminescent screen 荧光屏luminosity 光度luminous 发光的luminous body 发光体luminous ceiling 照渺棚luminous center 发光中心luminous efficiency 发光效率luminous emittance 发光度luminous exitance 发光度luminous flux 光通量luminous flux density 光通量密度luminous intensity 光度luminous paint 发光涂料luminous radiation 光辐射luminous ray 光线luminous source 光源luminous standard 标准测光器lumminaire efficiency 光源效率lump coal 块煤lumped capacity 集中电容lumped circuit 集中常数电路lumped constant 集中常数lumped inductance 集中电感lumped parameter system 集中参数系统lumped resistance 集中电阻lux 勒克司lux ampere characteristic 勒克司安培特性lux second 勒秒luxmeter 照度计m n contours m n 轨迹mach number 马赫数machine 机器machine elements 机械零件machine equation 计算机方程machine in explosion proof enclosure 防爆隔爆型电机machine instruction 计算机指令machine language 机械语言machine oil 机械油machine time 计算机时间machine variable 运算变数machine with inherent self excitation 内在自励磁电机machine with natural cooling 自然冷却电机machine word 机浦machine work 机械加工machining 机械加工maclaurin expansion 马克劳林展开macro instruction 宏指令macro molecule 高分子macroscopic 宏观的macroscopic cross section 宏观截面maesuring error 测量误差magma power generation 岩浆发电magnesium 镁magnesium ferrite 镁铁氧体magnet 磁铁magnet coil 电磁线圈magnet keeper 永久磁铁衔铁magnet pole 磁极magnet steel 磁钢magnet wire 线圈线magnet yoke 磁轭magnetic 磁的magnetic action 磁酌magnetic aftereffect 剩磁效应magnetic aging 磁老化magnetic alloy 磁性合金magnetic alternating induction 交变磁感应magnetic amplifier 磁放大器magnetic analyzer 磁分析器magnetic anisotropy 磁蛤异性magnetic annealing 磁场退火magnetic attraction 磁吸引magnetic axis 磁轴magnetic balance 磁秤magnetic bearing 磁方位magnetic blow out 磁吹magnetic blow out arrester 磁吹避雷器magnetic blow out circuit breaker 磁吹式断路器magnetic blowout coil 磁性灭弧线圈magnetic blowout fuse 磁吹式熔断器magnetic brake 电磁制动器magnetic characteristic 磁特性magnetic charge 磁荷magnetic chuck 电磁卡盘magnetic circuit 磁路magnetic clutch 电磁离合器magnetic compass 磁罗盘magnetic confinement of plasma 等离子体磁约束magnetic confining field 封闭磁场magnetic constant 磁性常数magnetic core 磁心magnetic core memory 磁芯存储器magnetic core storage 磁芯存储器magnetic coupling 磁耦合magnetic damping 磁阻尼magnetic declination 磁偏角magnetic deflection 磁致偏转magnetic detector 磁性检波器magnetic dip 磁倾角magnetic dipole 磁偶极子magnetic disc memory 磁盘存储器magnetic disk 磁盘magnetic dispersion losses 磁漏损耗magnetic displacement 磁位移magnetic domain 磁畴magnetic drive 磁力传动magnetic element 磁性元件magnetic energy 磁能magnetic erase head 去磁头magnetic exploration 磁性探矿magnetic fatigue 磁力疲劳magnetic field 磁场magnetic field energy 磁场能magnetic field intensity 磁场强度magnetic field potential 磁势magnetic field strength 磁场强度magnetic figure 磁力线图magnetic film 磁膜magnetic flaw tester 磁探伤仪magnetic fluid clutch 磁铃离合器magnetic flux 磁通magnetic flux density 磁通密度magnetic focusing 磁聚焦magnetic force 磁力magnetic full voltage starter 电磁全电压起动器magnetic head 磁头magnetic hysteresis 磁滞magnetic inclination 磁倾角magnetic indicator for lightning currents 闪电电僚性指示器magnetic induction 磁感应magnetic interrupter 磁力断续器magnetic keeper 永磁衔铁magnetic leakage 磁漏magnetic leakage factor 磁漏系数magnetic lens 磁透镜magnetic levitation 磁力悬浮magnetic line of force 磁力线magnetic link 闪电电僚性指示器magnetic loading 磁负载magnetic logical element 磁气逻辑元件magnetic loss 磁损耗magnetic map 地磁图magnetic material 磁性材料magnetic measurement 磁测定magnetic memory 磁存储器magnetic meridian 磁子午线magnetic modulator 磁灯器magnetic moment 磁矩magnetic needle 磁针magnetic ore separator 磁选机magnetic particle fluorescent test 磁粉检查法magnetic path 磁路magnetic permeability 磁导率magnetic pickup 变磁阻拾音器magnetic polarity 磁极性magnetic polarization 磁极化magnetic pole 磁极magnetic potential 磁势magnetic potential difference 磁势差magnetic property 磁性magnetic prospecting 磁性探矿magnetic recording 磁性记录magnetic recording head 录音磁头magnetic reproducing head 再生磁头magnetic repulsion 磁推斥magnetic resistance 磁阻magnetic resonance 磁谐振magnetic reversal 逆磁化magnetic rigidity 磁刚性magnetic saturation 磁饱和magnetic screen 磁屏蔽magnetic screening 磁屏蔽magnetic separator 磁选机magnetic shielding 磁屏蔽magnetic shunt 磁分路magnetic stabilization 磁稳定化magnetic starter 磁力起动器magnetic steel 磁性钢magnetic storage 磁存储器magnetic substance 磁性体magnetic susceptibility 磁化率magnetic suspension 磁悬浮magnetic tape 磁带magnetic tape memory 磁带存储器magnetic tape reader 磁带阅读器magnetic thin film storage 磁性薄膜存储器magnetic transducer 电磁式变换器magnetic video recording 磁性录象magnetic viscosity 磁粘滞性magnetic wedge 磁性楔magnetic well 磁阱magnetically hard material 硬磁材料magnetics 磁学magnetism 磁magnetite 磁铁矿。

Unit327-2In the binary system of representation the base is 2, and only two numerals 0 and 1 are required to represent a number. The numerals 0 and 1 have the same meaning as in the decimal system, but a different interpretation is placed on the position occupied by a digit. In the binary system the individual digits represent the coefficients of powers of two rather than ten as in the decimal system. For example, the decimal number 19 is written in the binary representation as10011 since10011=1×24+0×23+0×22+1×21+1×20=16+0+0+2+1=19A short list of equivalent numbers in decimal and binary notation is given in Table 3.2.二进制示数系统中的基数是二，且只有0和1两个数被用以示数。

0和1在这里与在十进制中具有一样的意义，但每个数位表示的不一样。

二进制系统中每个数字表示二的幂系数，而十进制中表示十的幂系数。

例如，十进制数19在二进制中表示为10011因为10011=1×24+0×23+0×22+1×21+1×20=16+0+0+2+1=19二进制和十进制数相等数字见表3.2.27-3A general method for converting from a decimal to a binary number is indicated in Table 3.3. The procedure is the following. Place the decimal number (in this illustration, 19) on the extreme right. Next divide by 2 and place the quotient (9) to the left and indicate the remainder (1) directly below it. Repeat this process (for the next column 9÷2 =4 and a remainder of 1) until a quotient of 0 is obtained. The array of 1’s and 0’s in the second row is the binary representationof the origin decimal number. In this example, decimal 19=10011 binary.十进制转换成二进制的一般方法如图3.3。

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Unit 9 数字信号和信号处理Unit 9-1第一部分：数字信号处理数字信号处理（DSP）是研究数字表示的信号以及这些信号的处理方法。

数字信号处理和模拟信号处理是信号处理的子领域。

数字信号处理包括音频及语音信号处理、声纳和雷达信号处理、传感器阵列处理、谱估计、统计信号处理、图像处理、通信信号处理、生物医学信号处理等子领域。

数字信号处理的目标通常是测量连续的真实世界的模拟信号或对其滤波，因此，第一步常常是使用模数转换器将信号从模拟形式转换成数字形式。

通常，要求的输出信号为另一个模拟输出信号，这就需要数模转换器。

数字信号处理的算法有时通过使用专用计算机来实现，它们（专用计算机）利用被称为数字信号处理器的专用微处理器（简称DSP）。

这些数字信号处理器实时处理信号，通常是针对具体目的而设计的专用集成电路（ASIC）。

当灵活性和快速开发比大批量生产的成本更重要时，DSP算法也可以用现场可编程门阵列来实现。

数字信号处理域在数字信号处理中，工程师通常在下面几个域的一个域中来研究数字信号：时域（一维信号），空域（多维信号），频域，自相关域以及小波域。

他们按照某些依据来猜测（或试验不同的可能性）那一个域能够最好地表示信号的本质特性来选择在其中进行信号处理的域。

从测量设备得到的样本序列产生（信号的）时域或空域表示，而离散Fourier变换则产生频域表示即频谱。

自相关定义为信号与其自身经过时间或空间间隔变化后的互相关。

信号采样随着计算机应用的增长，数字信号处理的使用和需求日益增多。

为了能够在计算机上使用模拟信号，必须使用模数转换器（ADC）对其进行数字化。

采样通常分两步实现：离散化和量化。

在离散化阶段，信号空间被分割为相等的区间，用相应区间的代表性信号值代替信号本身。

在量化阶段，用有限集中的值来近似代表性的信号值。

为了能够正确地重建被采样的模拟信号，必须满足奈奎斯特-香农采样定理。

定理规定：采样频率必须大于两倍的信号带宽。

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Service军事装备学 Military Equipment管理学 Management Science管理科学与工程 Management Science and Engineering工商管理学 Science of Business Administration会计学 Accounting企业管理学(含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学) Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学 Tourist Management技术经济及管理学 Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学 Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学 Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学 Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学 Science of Public Management行政管理学 Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学 Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学 Educational Economy and Management社会保障学 Social Security土地资源管理学 Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学 Science of Library, Information and Archival 图书馆学 Library Science情报学 Information Science档案学Archival Science。

电脑与信息技术英语翻译常用专业词汇AAAIMS（An Analytical Information Management System）分析信息管理系统Abacus 算盘Access security 存取安全Access time 存取时间Active 有源的Ada programming language Ada 程序设计语言Adapter 适配器Adapter card 转接卡Add-on 外接式附件Address 地址ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) 非对称数字客户线路After-image record 残留影像记录Algorithm 算法Alpha testing ɑ测试3Alteration switch 变换开关ALU(Arithmetic/Logic Unit)运算器Amplitude 幅度Analog data 模拟数据Analog cellular 模拟移动电话Analog signal 模拟信号Analysis block 分析块Animation 动画制作ANSL(American National Standards Label)美国国家标准标号Answerback memory 应答存储器Anti-noise coding 反噪声编码Antivirus software 反病毒软件APL(A Programming Language) APL 语言Application development cycle 应用开发周期Application program 应用程序4Application software 应用软件Arithmetic operation 算术运算ARP(Automatic Receive Program)自动同意程序Artificial network 仿真网络ASCII(American standard Code for Information Interchange)美国信息交换用标准代码Assembler 汇编程序Assembly language 汇编语言Asynchronous 异步的Asynchronous transmission 异步传输ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) 异步传输模式ATM(Automated Teller Machine)自动出纳机Attribute 属性Auctions on the web 网上拍卖Audio board 声板5Audio file 声音文件Audio input device 声音输入装置Audio-player 播放Audit program 审查程序Auditing system 审查系统Authoring system 写作系统6BBackbone system 主干系统Backup file 备份文件Backward compatibility 反向兼容性Backward recovery 向后恢复Band printer 带式打印机Bandwidth 带宽Bandwidth limitation 带宽限制Bar code 条形码Bar-code reader 条形码读出器Basic exchange format 基本交换格式BASIC programming language BASIC 程序设计语言Batch processing 批处理Beeper 传呼机7Be ta testing β测试Binary digit 二进制数字Binary file 二进制文件Binary number system 二进制数字系统Binary system 二进制BIOS(Basic Input/Output System)基本输入/输出系统Bit 量，位Bit(binary digit)位，二进制位，比特Bit-mapped display screen 位映像显示器Block check 块检验Blocking software 封锁软件Bookmark 书签Bootleg version 盗版BPS(Business Professional System) 商业专用系统Bridge 网桥8Broadcast image 广播图象Browser 浏览程序Building blocks 组件Built-in function 内部功能Bus 总线Bus network 总线网络Bus slot 总线槽Business terminal equipment 商务终端设备Button 按扭Byte 字节，位组9CC programming language C 程序设计语言C++ programming language C++程序设计语言Cable length 电缆长度Cable modem 电缆调制解调器Cache memory 超高速缓冲存储器CAD(Computer-Aided Design) 计算机辅助设计CADD(Compute-Aided Design and Drafting) 计算机辅助设计与制图Call-back system 回叫系统CAM(Computer-Aided Manufacturing) 计算机辅助生产Capacity 容量Carrier wave 载波Cartridge tape 盒式磁带CASE(Computer-Aided Software Engineering) 计算机辅助软件工程10CBT(Computer-Based Training) 利用计算机的训练CCD（Charge Coupled Device）电荷藕合器件CD writer 刻录机CDC(Code-Directing Character) 代码引导字符CDP(Certified Data Processor)合格数据处理程序Cell 单元，细胞，信元Cell address 单元地址Cell pointer 单元指示器CEO(Chip Enable Output) 芯片启动输出CERT(Character Error Rate Tester) 字符出错率测试程序Chain printer 链式打印机Channel command 通道命令Character 字符Character-recognition 字符识别Chat room 聊天室11Check bit 校验位，检验位Child record 子记录Chip 芯片，晶片Circuit switching 电路转接，线路交换CIS(Communication Information System) 通信信息（情报）系统Clear entry 消除输入Click 点击Client 客户，委托程序，委托进程，客户机Client-server 客户服务器Clipboard 剪贴板Clouds 云Cluster 簇，束，线束，群集Coaxial tree network 同轴树状网络COBOL programming language COBOL 程序设计语言Coding 编码，编程序12Collision 冲突Color display screen 彩色显示屏Communication 通信Communication parties 传输单元Communications channel 通信信道Communications controller 通信操纵器Communications hardware 通信硬件Communications network 通信网络Communications satellites 通信卫星Communications server 通信服务器Communications service 通信业务Communications software 通信软件Communications technology 通信技术Compatibility 兼容性，一致性，互换性Compiler 编译程序13Component 分量，成分，元件，组件，部件Compression 压缩Computer 计算机Computer-based information system 计算机信息系统Computer crime 计算机犯罪Computer industry 计算机行业Computer literacy 计算机扫盲Computer online service 计算机联机服务Computer professional 计算机专业人员Computer programmer 计算机程序设计员Concentration 集中Concentrator 集中器，集线器Concurrent-use license 并行使用许可证Connection 连接Connectivity 连通性，连接性14Connectivity diagram 连通图表Contact 接触点Control structure 操纵结构Control unit 操纵器，操纵部件Controller card 操纵器插件Coprocessor 协同处理程序，协同处理机Copy command 复制命令Copyright 版权Copyright protection 版权保护Counterfeit software 盗版软件Courseware 课件CPU(Central Processing Unit) 中央处理机Cracker 黑客CRT(Cathode Ray Tube) 阴极射线管CTS(Clear To Send) 清除发送15Cursor 光标Cursor-movement key 光标移动键Custom software 客户软件Cut command 剪切命令Cyberculture 计算机文化，操纵论优化Cybernation 计算机操纵化16DDaisy chain 菊链DAT(Data Acquisition Test) 数据采集测试Data access method 数据存取法Data acquisition 数据采集Data compression 数据压缩Data dictionary 数据字典Data file 数据文件Data flow diagram 数据流程图Data integrity 数据完整性Data manipulation language 数据操纵语言Data mining 数据开采Data recovery 数据恢复Data redundancy 数据冗余Data storage hierarchy 数据存储层次17Data transmission 数据传输Data transmission factor 数据传输系数Data warehouse 数据仓库Database 数据库Database server 数据库服务器Database software 数据库软件DBA(Data Base Administrator) 数据库管理程序DBMS(Data Base Management System) 数据库管理系统Debugging 调试Decision making system 判定系统，决策系统Decision table 判定表Dedicated computer 专用计算机Default value 缺省值，系统设定值Delete 删除Democratic network 共同操纵网络18Design 设计Desk checking 桌面检验Desktop accessory 桌面附件Desktop publication system 桌面出版系统Developing information system 信息开发系统Dialog box 对话框Dial-up connection 拨号上网Dial-up Internet communication 拨号网间通信Digital 数码的Digital camera 数码照相机Digital cellular phone 数字移动电话Digital signal 数字信号Digital signal processor 数字信号处理器Digital signature 数字签名Digitized speech 数字化语音19DIMS(Data Information and Manufacturing system) 数据信息与制造系统Direct access storage 直接存取存储器，直接访问存储器Direct file organization 直接文件组织Direct implementation 直接实现Direct synchronous multiplexing 直接同步复用Directory 目录，号码表Disk 磁盘Disk drive 磁盘驱动器Diskette 软磁盘，软盘Display 显示Display screen 显示屏幕Disrupt 使混乱，破坏，分裂，瓦解Distance learning 远程学习Distributed database 分布式数据库Disturbance 干扰20DM(Data Memory) 数据存储器DNS(Domain Naming System) 域命名系统Document 文件，资料，文献，文卷Document file 资料文件Documentation 文件编制，资料，文档DOS(Disk Operating System) 磁盘操作系统Dot 点Dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机Download 下载Downsizing 规模缩小化Downward compatibility 向下兼容性Draft-quality 粗劣的印刷质量，草稿字体印刷质量DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory) 动态随机存取存储器Drawing program 绘图程序Driver 驱动器21Drum printer 鼓式打印机Drum scanner 鼓形扫描器DSS(Decision Support System) 决策支援系统DTP(Data Transmission Protocol) 数据传送协议Dumb terminal 哑终端，简易终端DVP(Data Validation Program) 数据验证程序Dynamic linking 动态链接22EEBCDIC(Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange) 扩充的二-十进制交换码E-cash 电子货币E-commerce 电子商务EDI(Electronic Data Interchange) 电子数据交换EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory) 电可擦只读存储器EIC(External Interface Control) 外部借口操纵EIS(External Interrupt Support) 外部中断支援Electroluminescent display 电致发光显示屏Electromagnetic spectrum 电磁光谱Electronic conference 电子会议Electronic image 电子图象Electronic network 电子网络23Electronic secretary 电子秘书Electronic ticketing machine 电子售票机Electronic tutor 电子教学装置Electrostatic plotter 静电绘图机Elementary field 基本字段ELF(Extensible Language Facility) 可扩充的语言功能E-mail 电子邮件Embedded computer 嵌入式计算机Emulation 仿真，仿效Encapsulation 封闭，封装，密封Encryption 加密，编密码End-to-end delay 端到端的时延End-to-end digital connectivity 端到端的数字连接End-user 终端用户ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) 电子数字积分24器与计算器Enter key 输入键EPL(Encoder Programming Language) 编码器程序设计语言EPROM(Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) 可擦可编程只读存储器EPSS(Error Processing Sub-system) 错误处理子系统Ergonomics 人类工程学Error correction 纠错法ESS(Electronic Switching System) 电子交换系统Evaluation system 评价系统Even parity 偶数奇偶校验Exchange service 交换业务Executable 可执行文件Execution cycle 执行周期Execution program 执行程序Expansion bus 扩展总线25Expansion card 扩充插件卡Expansion slot 扩展槽Expert system 专家系统External hard disk drive 外部硬盘驱动器External modem 外部调制解调器26FFAT(File Allocation Table) 文件分配表Fault freedom 容错性能Fault tolerant system 容错系统Fax 传真Fax machine 传真机FCB(File Control Block) 文件操纵块Feasibility study 可行性研究，可能性研究FEC(Forward Error Correction) 向前纠错Fiber-optic cable 光缆Field 字段，场，域Field protect 字段保护Fifth-generation programming language 第五代程序设计语言File 文件27File extension 文件扩充File management system 文件管理系统File name 文件名File server 文件服务程序File virus 文件病毒Filter 过滤，滤波Financial planning system 财务规划系统Find command 查找命令Finder 寻找程序，定位程序，录像器Fingerprint security system 指纹安全系统Firewall 防火墙Firmware 固件Fixed disk drive 固定磁盘驱动器Flatbed plotter 平板绘图仪Flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪28Flat-panel display 平面显示器Flat-panel technique 平面技术Flexible telecommunication networking 灵活的通信联网Floppy disk 软磁盘FLOPS(Floating-point Operations Per Second) 每秒浮点运算次数Flowchart 流程图Font 字型，字体Format selection 格式选择Formatting 格式化，格式编排Formula 公式FORTH programming language FORTH 程序设计语言Forward recovery 正向恢复Fourth-generation programming language 第四代程序设计语言Fragmenting 分割29Frame grabber 帧同意器，帧捕获器Free ware 免费软件Frequency 频率Front-end processor 前端处理机FTP(File Transfer Protocol)文件传送协议Full-duplex 全双工Function 功能，函数，作用Function key 功能键Fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑30GGame port 博弈端口Garbage 无用信息Gateway 关口，网间连接GDS(Group Display System) 群显示系统Genealogy 家谱学，系统GES(General Edit System) 通用逻辑系统GIS(Geographic Information System) 几何图形信息系统Global communication 全球通信GPS(Global Positioning System) 全球定位系统Grammar checker 语法检验程序Graphics 图形学，制图技术Graphics accelerator 图形加速器Graphics coprocessor 图形协同处理程序31Grid 网格，坐标网络Gross index 粗索引Groupware 群件GUI(Graphical User Interface) 图形用户接口32HHacker 黑客Half-duplex transmission 半双工传输Handheld scanner 手持式扫描仪Handshaking 信号交换，接续Hard disk 硬磁盘Hard return 硬回车Hard-copy terminal 硬拷贝终端Hardware 硬件Hardware compatibility 硬件兼容性HDTV(High Definition Television) 高分辨率电视Help menu 求助菜单，求助项目单Head-mounted display 头盔式显示器Hidden computer 隐式计算机33Hierarchical database 分级数据库Hierarchy 分级，分层，层次Hierarchy chart 分级图表High resolution 高分辨率High-level programming language 高级程序设计语言Hold 握住Home directory 主目录Home network 本地网络Home record 引导记录，起始记录Host 主机Host adaptation 主机习惯性Host computer 主计算机Host operating system 主操作系统Host-to-host 主机到主机HTML(Hyper text Markup Language) 超文本标记语言34Hybrid network 混合式网络Hyperlink 超级链接Hypertext 超文本35IIcon 图符Identification system 识别系统Image file 映像文件Imaging system 成像系统IML(Initial Micro-code Load) 初始微码装入Impact 影响，冲击Impact printer 击打式打印机Importing file 输入文件Incremental backup 增量备份法Indexed file organization 索引文件组织Inference engine 推理机Information 信息，情报Information capacity 信息容量36Information function 信息函数Information management 信息管理Information overload 信息超载Information system 信息系统Information technology 信息技术Information transmission system 信息传输系统Information unit 信息单位Information utility 有用程序，信息应用程序，信息公用设施Inheritance 继承Initialize 初始化Ink-jet plotter 喷墨绘图仪Ink-jet printer 喷墨印刷机Input control 输入操纵器Input device 输入设备Input hard ware 输入硬件37Inquiry and communication system 查询与通信系统Insert 插入Insertion point 插入点Install 安装，建立Instruction cycle 指令周期Integrated circuit 集成电路Integrated software package 组合软件包Intellectual property 知识产权Intelligent robot 智能机器人Intelligent terminal 智能终端Interactive presentation 交互式演示Inter activity 交互性Interface 接口Intermediate node 中间网点Internal bus 内部总线38Internal hard disk drive 内部硬盘驱动器Internal modem 内部调制解调器International standard interface 国际标准接口Internet 互联网，信息网络实体Interpreter 解释程序，翻译机，转换机ISAM(Indexed Sequential Access Method) 索引顺序存取法ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network) 综合服务数字网络Isolation 隔离，绝缘ISP(Internally Stored Program) 内部存储程序ISP(Internet Service Provider) 因特网服务提供商39JJAD(Joint Application Design) 联合应用程序设计Jerk 乱窜Jitter 抖动Job file 作业文件Job management 作业管理程序Junk mail 垃圾邮件Justification range 调整范围40KKey field 关键字字段Key search 关键字查找Keyboard 键盘Keyboard console 键盘操纵台Kilobyte 千字节Knowledge base 知识库Knowledge engineer 知识工程师Knowledge engineering 知识工程Knowledge system 知识系统41LLanguage translator 语言翻译程序Large-scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路Laser 激光，激光器Laser communication 激光通信系统Laser printer 激光打印机Latency 延迟，执行时间Latent image 潜像Law 法律Layer 分层LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) 液晶显示器LEO(Low Earth Orbit) 近地轨道License 许可证Light pen 光笔Line printer 行式打印机42Line terminal multiplexer 终端复用器Linear 线性的，一次的Link 连接，连线，链接Linkage instruction 连接命令LISP programming language LISP 程序设计语言Live conversation 实际的对话Load 装入，加载Load server 加载服务器Local-area network 局域网Logic bomb 逻辑炸弹（病毒）Logic error 逻辑错误Logical operation 逻辑操作LOGO programming language LOGO 程序设计语言Look through 搜寻43Loop 循环，回路，环路Loss less 无损耗Lossy 有损耗的，有缺失的44MMAC(Memory access Controller) 存储器存取操纵器Machine cycle 机器周期Machine language 机器语言Macintosh （苹果公司生产的一种型号的）计算机Macro 宏，宏指令，宏定Macro virus 宏病毒Magnetic tape 磁带Magneto optical disk 磁光盘Mail server 邮件服务器Mailing list 邮件列表Main memory 主存储器Mainframe computer 主计算机Maintenance 保护，维修MAN(Maintenance Alert Network) 保护警报网45Manager 管理程序，管理人员Manipulate 操纵，操纵Manipulation 操纵，操纵，处理，操作Manual function 手动功能，人工功能Manufacturing support system 制造支持系统Marker 标记符Marketing model 市场销售模型Mark-recognition device 标记识别装置Master file 主文件Mathematic characterization of continuous image 连续图象的数学表征MDA(Multi-Dimensional Analysis) 多维分析MDT(Modified Data Tag) 修改过的数据标志Meeting software 会议软件Mega 兆Memory cycle 存储周期46Mega byte 兆字节Megahertz 兆赫Member record 成员记录Memory 经历存储，存储器Memory expansion card 存储器扩充卡Memory module 存储模块Menu bar 菜单条Menu-driven program generator 菜单驱动程序生成程序MED(Micro-Electronic Device) 微电子器件Meta-data 元数据MICR(Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) 磁性墨水字符识别Microcomputer 微型计算机Micro controller 微操纵器Microprocessor 微处理器Microwave 微波47Middleware communication model 媒件通信模型MIDI(Music Instrument Digital Interface) 乐器数字接口Miniaturization 小型化MIPS(Million Instructions Per Second) 每秒百万条指令Mirror 镜像MIS(Management Information System) 信息管理系统MMX technology MMX 技术Model 模型，机样，型号Modem 调制解调器Module design 模块设计Monitor 监视器，监督Monitor mode 监控方式Monochrome display 单色显示Mouse 鼠标Mouse pointer 鼠标指示器48Moving pictures 活动图象MPP(Massively Parallel Processor) 巨型并行处理器Multifunction device 多功能装置Multimedia 多媒体Multimedia environment 多媒体环境Multipartite virus 复合性病毒Multiplexer 多路转接器Multiplexing 多路转换Multipoint line 多点线路Multi-port 多端口Multiprocessing 多重处理Multiprogramming 多道程序设计（操纵）Multitasking 多任务Multi-user platform 多用户平台49NNarrow band services 窄带业务Nationwide network 全国范围的网络Natural language 自然语言Natural language processing 自然语言处理NC language processor NC 语言处理器Necessary bandwidth 必要带宽Net ware 网件Network 网络Network adapter 网络适配器Network computer 网络计算机Network database 网络数据库Network facilities resources 网络设备资源Network harms 网络损害50Network information resources 网络信息资源Network interface card (NIC) 网络接口卡Network piracy 网络盗版Network server 网络服务程序，网络服务器Networked hypertext protocol 网络超文本协议Neural network 神经网络Node 节点，网点Non-interacting control system 非交互式操纵系统Non-procedural language 非过程语言Non-volatile chain 非易失链NOS(Network Operating System) 网络操作系统Null set 空集Numeric key 数字键51OOAS(Office Automation System) 办公自动化系统Object 目标，对象，结果，物体Object code 目标代码OCR(Optical Character Recognition) 光符识别Odd parity 奇数奇偶校Off-line equipment 脱机设备Off-line storage 脱机存储器Off-the-shelf software 现成的软件OLE(Object Linking and Embedding) 对象的链接与嵌入OMR(Optical Mark Recognition) 光标记识别Onboard 板载的One-level code 一级代码One-to-many 一对多的52Online processing 联机处理Online storage 联机存储器OODBS(Object Oriented Data Base System) 面向目标的数据库系统OOO(Out Of Order) 发生故障，次序混乱Open network 开放式网络Operating environment 操作环境，运行环境Operating system 操作系统Operation control 操作操纵Operator 运算符，操作员Optical card 光卡Optical disk 光盘Optical Ethernet 光以太网Optimization 优化Optoelectronic receiver 光电子接收机Organization 机构，组织，结构，体系53Organization chart 组织图，结构图OS/360(Operating System/360) 360 型操作系统OSI(Open System Interconnection) 开放系统互连Output 输出Owner record 主记录，自由记录54PPackage 分组Packaged software 封装式软件包Packet 包，数据包，分组报文Packet switching 包交换Pager 页面调度程序Painting 涂色Parallel data transmission 并行数据传输Parallel implementation 并行执行Parallel port 并行端口Parallel processing 并行处理Parent record 母记录Parity bit 奇偶校验位Parity scheme 奇偶校验方案55PASCAL programming language PASCAL 程序设计语言Passive 无源的Passive network 无源网络Password 口令Path 路径PBX(Private Branch Exchange) 专用交换分机，用户交换机PC(Personal Computer) 个人计算机PC application software 个人计算机应用软件PC host operating system 个人计算机主机操作系统PCI（peripheral Component Interconnect）外围部件互连PCMCIA(Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) 个人电脑内存储卡国际协会PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) 个人数字助理PDL(Picture Description Language) 画面描述语言Peak 峰值56Peer-to-peer 层间，层到层PEM(Processing Element Memory) 处理单元存储器Perception system 感知系统Peripheral device 外围设备Personal finance software 个人财务软件Personal identification code 个人识别代码PERT chart editing PERT 图编辑PGP(Programmable Graphics Processor) 可编辑图形处理机Phonetic keyboard 语音键盘Photo-digital store 光数字存储器Photolithographic mask layer 光刻掩蔽层Physical storage 物理存储器PIM(Processor Interface Module) 处理程序接口模块PIN(Personal Identification Number) 个人识别号码Pixel store 像素存储器57PL/1 programming language PL/1 程序设计语言Platform position computer 平台位置计算机Plotter 绘图仪Plug and play system 即插即用系统Plug-in card 插件Pointing device 指示装置Point-of-sale terminal 销售点终端Point-to-point line 点对点线路，专用线Polymorphism 多形性，多机组合形势Pop-up menu 弹出选项单Port 端口，进出口Portable operating system 可移植操作系统Portable terminal 便携式终端POST(Power-on Self Test) 通电自检Power supply 电源，供电58PPP(Parallel Pattern Processor) 并行模式处理程序Precision 精确度Preliminary design 初步设计Presentation layer 表示层Presentation graphic 表示图形Presentation software 显示软件Preventive maintenance 预防性保护Previewing 预检，预览Primary storage 主存储器Print server 打印服务程序Printer 打印机Printing document 打印文档Privacy 保密性Procedural error 过程错误Procedural language 过程型语言59Procedure 过程，程序，步骤Process 处理，进程Process model 过程模型Processing 处理，加工Processing hardware 处理硬件Processor 处理程序，处理机Production language compiler 产生式语言编译程序Productivity 生产率Productivity tool 生产率工具Professional programmer 专业程序设计员Program 程序，计划，规划，方案Program file 程序文件Program flowchart 程序流程图Program independence 程序独立性Programmer 程序设计人员，编程器60Programming 程序设计，编程Programming language 程序设计语言Programming procedure 程序设计过程Project management software 工程项目管理，计划管理Project management software 工程项目管理软件PROLOG programming language PROLOG 程序设计语言Proprietary software 专有软件Proprietary system 专用系统Protocol 协议Prototype 样机，原型Prototyping 原型开发，样机研究Pseudo-code 伪代码Public communication carriers 公共通信载体Public domain 公用域Pull-down menu 下拉菜单61Pulse code modulation 脉冲码调制62QQBE(Query By Example) 仿效实例询问QIC(Quality Insurance Chain) 质量保证链Query 询问，查询Query facility 询问功能软件Query language 询问语言Query-and-reporting processor 询问与报告处理程序Quiet code 静止代码QWERTY keyboard QWERTY 键盘63RRAD(Rapid Access Device) 快速存取设备RAM(Random Access Memory) 随机存取存储器,内存Random access storage 随机存取存储器Random file organization 随机文件结构Raster graphics 光栅图形Reading 读，读取Real-time processing 实时处理Reasoning 推理，推论，推导Recalculation 重算Receiving entity 接收实体Receiving system 接收系统Record 记录Reference mark 参考标记64Reference model 参考模型Reference software 参考软件Refresh rate 更新率，刷新率Refreshable program 可刷新程序Regenerate 再生Register 寄存器Relational database 关系数据库Relational model 关系模型Release 释放Reliable 可靠的Reliability 可靠性Remote-control 遥控Remote device 远程设备Remote terminal 远程终端Removable hard disk 可移动硬盘65Repeater 中继器Repeater spacing 中继距离Replace command 替换命令Report generator 报告生成程序Resistor 电阻器Resolution 分辨率Retrieval performance 检索性能Return key 返回键RFI(Read Frequency Input) 读频率输入RGB monitor 红、绿、蓝显示器RIB(Resource Information Block) 资源信息块Ring network 环形网络RISC microprocessor RISC 微处理机Robot 机器人，自动仪Robotics 机器人学，机器人技术66Rollback 重新运行，重算ROM BIOS (Read-Only Basic Input/Output System) 只读存储器基本输入/输出系统Root record 根记录Router 发送程序，路由确定程序，路由器Row 行RPG(Report Program Generator) 报表程序生成程序RPS(Random Pattern Search) 随机模式搜索RS(Record Separator) 记录分隔符Run 运行Rupture 裂断，破裂67SSampling rate 取样率SAR(Source Address Register) 源地址寄存器Satellite 卫星，人造地球卫星Save 存储，储存Save area 储存区Scan 扫描Scanning device 扫描设备，扫描装置Scheduling software 调度软件Screen 屏幕Scrolling 卷动，滚动Scrubbing 除掉，刷去SCSI(Small Computer System Interface) 小型计算机系统接口SDL(System Development Language) 系统开发语言68Search 检索，查找Search command 查找命令Search engine 查找机Searching tool 搜寻工具Second-generation programming language 第二代程序设计语言Secondary application 辅助应用程序Secondary storage 辅助存储器，二级存储器Secondary storage sub system 辅助存储子系统Section overhead 段开销Sector 扇区，分段Security 安全性，保密性，安全措施Security system 安全系统Seek time 查找时间，定位时间Selection control 选择操纵Semiconductor 半导体69Semiconductor memory 半导体存储器Semi-structured information 半结构化问题Sender 发送器Sensor 传感器Sequence control 顺序操纵Sequential file organization 顺序文件组织Sequential storage 顺序存储器Serial 串行的Serial data transmission 串行数据传输Serial port 串行端口Serial processing 串行处理Server 服务器Service-independent network 与业务无关的网络Session layer 会话层Shared database 共享数据库70Sharing resource 共享资源SHELL software system SHELL 软件系统Shrink-wrapped multiprocessing operating system 精缩围绕多处理操作系统Silicon 硅SIMM(Single in-line Memory Module) 单列直插式存储模块Simplex transmission 单项传输Simulation programming language 模拟程序设计语言Simulator 模拟程序，模拟器Single user 用户Smalltalk programming language Smalltalk 程序设计语言Smart card 智能卡，收费卡Softcopy 软拷贝Software 软件，软设备Software engineer 软件工程师Software engineering 软件工程71Software license 软件许可证Software package 软件包，程序包Software piracy 软件非法翻印，软件侵犯版权Software suite 软件套件Software tool 软件工具Solid error 固定错误Sorting database 分类数据库Sound 声音Sound card 声卡Sound output 声音输出Source code 源代码Source date entry 源数据录入Source program file 源程序文件SPA(Signal Processing Auxiliary) 信号处理辅助设备Speech recognition system 语音识别系统72Speech synthesis 语音合成Speed 速度Speed up 加速Spelling checker 拼法检验程序Split 分发，分散Spreadsheet 电子数据表SQL(Structured Query Language) 结构化查询语言Squeeze 压缩Standardized port 标准化的端口Star network 星形网络STM(Short Term Memory) 短期存储器Storage 存储，存储器Storage hardware 存储硬件Strategic decision 战略性决策Streaming audio 流式音频73Streaming video 流式视频Stress 应力Structure chart 结构图Structured information 结构化信息Structured programming 结构化程序设计Structured walkthrough 结构化普查Subprogram 辅程序，子程序Supercomputer 巨型计算机Superconductor 超导体Supervisor 管理程序，主管人SVDF(Segmented Virtual Display File) 分段虚拟显示文件Swapping 交互，调动Switch 打开，开关，交换机Switching technique 交换技术Synchronous DXC 同步数字交叉连接74Synchronous transmission 同步传输Synchronous transmission system 同步传输系统Syntax 语法，句法Syntax error 语法错误System 系统，体制，装置System analysis 系统分析System analyst 系统分析员System clock 系统时钟System design 系统设计System development 系统开发System engineer 系统工程师System flowchart 系统流程图System implementation 系统实现方法System maintenance 系统保护System recovery 系统恢复75System software 系统软件System testing 系统测试System unit 系统单元76TTabulating machine 制机表Target variable 目标变量Task management 任务管理程序TCT(Terminal Control Table) 终端操纵表Telecommunication 远程通信，电信Teleconference 电信会议Telemedicine 电视医疗Telephone network 电话网Telephony 电话学Telex network 用户电报网Tel net 电信网，远程通信网络Terminal 终端Terminal address 终端地址77Terminal emulation 终端仿真Test 测试，检验Test equipment 测试设备Text 正文，文本Text segment 正文段Textual messages 文本信息Thesaurus 主题词表，同义词汇Third-generation programming language 第三腮程序设计语言Through-mode fashion 贯穿方式Time slicing 时间分片Time-sharing 分时，时间分配Tong-haul telecommunication system 长途通信系统Top-down program design 自顶向下程序设计Top management 主管，主控Touch screen 触屏78TPI(Target Position Indicator) 目标位置指示器TPS(Transaction Processing System) 事务处理系统TPT(Time Priority Table) 时间优先表Track 磁道，轨道，声道Trackball 跟踪球Traffic segregation 流量隔离Transaction 事项，事务处理，交易Transaction file 细目文件，事项文件Transient error 瞬时错误Transmission 传输，发送，传送Transmission unit 传输单元Translate 转换Tributary signals 支路信号Trojan horse 特洛伊木马True color 真彩色79Tuple 元组，字节组Turing test 图灵测试Twisted-pair wire 绞合线Typeface 字样80UUndo command 作废命令Unexpected halt 意外停机Unicode 单一代码UNIVAC(Universal Automatic Computer) 通用自动计算机Universal access 统一的接入Universal product code 通用产品代码Universally 普遍地，通用地UNIX operating system UNIX 操作系统Unprotected field 非保护字段Unstructured file 非结构文件Unstructured information 非结构信息UPS(Uninterruptible Power Supply) 不间断供电电源Upward compatibility 向上兼容性81URL(User Requirements Language) 用户要求语言USE(User System Evaluator) 用户系统评价程序User 用户，使用者User interface 用户接口Utility control console 有用操纵台Utility program 有用程序Utility unit 有用设备82VValue 值，算式Variable format 可变格式Varying bandwidth 可变宽带Vector graphics 向量图Version 文本，版本Very-high-level programming language 超高级程序设计语言Video compression 视频压缩Video computer system 可视计算机系统Video conference 视频会议Video file 可见文件Video memory 视频存储器Video scan 视频扫描Virtual classroom 虚拟教室83Virtual container 虚容器Virtual memory 虚拟机存储器Virtual office 虚拟办公室Virus 病毒Visual 图象的Visual programming 直观程序设计VLSI(Very-large-scale Integration) 超大规模集成电路Voice encoding techniques 语音编码技术Voice mail 声音邮件Voice output device 声音输出装置Voice recognition system 声音识别系统Volatile file 易变文件Volatile memory 易失性存储器VR(Virtual Reality) 虚拟现实VRAM(Video Random Access Memory) 视频随机存取存储器84VRM(Virtual Resource Manager) 虚拟资源管理程序VSAM(Virtual Sequential Access Method) 虚拟顺序存取法85WWait state 等待状态WAN(Wide Area Network) 广域网络Web browser 网页浏览器Web business 网上商务Web site 网站Wideband subscriber loop system 宽带用户环路系统Window mode 窗口方式Windows operating system Windows 操作系统Wired communication 有线通信Wireless communication 无线通信。

院系专业名称英语翻译各学院（原系）中英文对照生物技术学院College of Biotechnology生命科学学院College of Life Science资源环境学院College of Environment and Natural Resources资源环境学院College of Resources and Environment林学院College of Forestry经济贸易学院College of Economics and Trade经济管理学院College of Economics Management工程技术学院College of Polytechnics工程学院College of Engineering农业工程系Department of Agricultural Engineering理学院College of Sciences信息学院College of Information人文学院College of Humanities公管管理学院College of Public Management农学系Department of Agronomy园艺系Department of Horticulture蚕桑系Department of Sericulture艺术设计学院College of Art Design动物科学系Department of Animal Science动物科学学院College of Animal Science兽医学院College of Veterinary Science食品科学系Department of Food Science食品学院College of Food艺术学院College of Arts水利与土木工程学院College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering各学位名称对照农学士Agriculture工学士Engineering理学士Sciences哲学士Philosophy经济学士Economics管理学士Management文学士Arts各专业中英文名称对照工商管理Business Administration金融学Finance and Banking经济学Economics会计学Accounting农林经济管理Agricultural/forest Economy Management社会工作Social Work英语English生物技术Biotechnology机械设计及其自动化Machine Design & Manufacturing and Their Automation 信息管理与信息系统Information Management & Information Systems电子信息工程Electronic and Information Engineering农业机械化及其自动化Agricultural Mechanization And Its Automation农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification and Automation土木工程Civil Engineering交通运输Traffic and Transportation应用化学Applied chemistry计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology植物保护Plant Protection土地资源管理Land Resources Management农业资源与环境Agricultural Resources and Environment土地资源管理Land Resources Management农学Agronomy茶学Tea Science食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering园艺Horticulture木材科学与工程Wood Science and Engineering森林资源保护与游憩Forest Resources Conservation and Recreation林学Forestry园林Landscape Gardening动物科学Animal Science动物医学Veterinary Medicine蚕学Sericulture法学Law食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering服装设计与工程Apparel Design and Engineering管理信息系统Management Information Systems土壤与农业化学Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry土地规划与利用Land Planning and Utilization农业环境保护Agricultural Environment Protection木材加工Wood Processing经济林Economic Forest农业经济与管理Agricultural Economics and Management贸易经济Trade Economics企业管理Industrial Management国际金融International Trade农业机械化Agricultural Mechanization机械设计Design and Manufacturing汽车运用工程Mobile Application中国社会主义建设Chinese Socialist Construction作物遗传育种Plant Genetics and Breeding果树Pomology动物营养与饲料加工Animal Nutrition and Feed Processing畜牧Animal Husbandry农业工程Agricultural Engineering家具设计与室内装饰Furniture Design and Room Decoration市场策划与营销Market Planning and Marketing土地经济与房地产管理Land Economics and Real Estate Management 精细化工Fine Chemistry财务管理与计算机Financial Management and Computer经贸英语Business English公共关系与秘书Public Relation茶叶加工与贸易Tea Processing And Trade花卉与庭园工程Floriculture And Gardening丝绸与贸易Silk And Trade养禽与禽病防治Poultry Raising And Disease Control微生物发酵技术与贸易Microorganism Fermentation And Trade各学院（原系）主要课程中英文对照生物技术学院(College of Biotechnology)生命科学学院(College of Life Science)化学除草原理与技术Principles and application of weed chemistry control 种子生理Seed physiology组织培养技术Technology of tissue culture果蔬保鲜原理与技术Techniques in preservation of fruit & vegetable植物学Botany酶工程Enzyme engineering植物显微技术Botanical microtechnique细胞生物学Cell biology农田杂草Farmland weed普通生态学General ecology药用植物资源利用Resources and utilization of medicinal plant生物化学研究技术Techniques in biochemistry researches分析与检测技术Technology of test and analysis动物生物化学Animal biochemistry基因工程Genetic engineering文献查阅与综述方法Document searching and reviewing植物生物化学Plant biochemistry蛋白质工程Protein engineering分子生物学Molecular biology植物生物化学实验Plant biochemistry experiment遗传（基因）工程导论Introduction to genetic engineering辐照基础与应用Basis and application of irradiation technology辐射生物学Irradiational biology免疫学Immunology同位素示踪原理及其应用技术Isotopic tracer technique reason and appliance 同位素应用技术Application of isotopes生物电子显微技术Electron microscope and preparation of biological specimen 仪器分析Instrumental analysis现代仪器分析与食品检测Modern instrumental analysis and food inspection农业与温室气体（排放）Agriculture greenhouse effect gases电镜技术Electron microscope technique植物生理学Plant physiology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology核素应用技术The application of nuclide农业电子技术The electronic technology of agriculture食品科学系Department of Food Science食品学院College of Food Science普通微生物学General microbiology农业微生物学Agricultural microbiology食品微生物学Food microbiology环境微生物学Environmental microbiology微生物学实验技术Experimental technique in microbiology食品微生物学实验Microbiological test of food发酵工艺学原理Principles of fermentation technology微生物遗传育种Microbial genetics and strain improvement食品生物化学Biochemistry of food products食品添加济Additives of food products食物酶学Enzyme engineering of food食品分析Food analysis食品营养学Food nutriology食品工艺学Food technology果蔬加工学Processing of fruit and vegetable食品工厂设计The design of food factory乳品学Dairy science &technology蛋品学Egg science & technology肉品学Meat science & technology食品工程原理Principles of food engineering农产品加工学Agricultural products processing technology食品机械与设备Food machinery and equipment食品包装学Food packaging动物科学系Department of Animal Science动物科学学院College of Animal Science动物生理学Animal physiology家畜行为学Ethnology of domestic animals饲料卫生学Feed hygienic配合饲料工艺学Technology of formula feed单胃动物营养学Nutrition of unistomach animals反刍动物营养学Ruminant nutrition饲料检测技术The technique of feed checking and analysis饲料生产学Feed production饲料添加剂学Feed addition家畜饲料学附饲料分析Livestock feeding and feeds analysis饲料原料及加工贮藏Feed ingredients and processing and storage动物饲养学Animal feeding动物营养学基本原理The basal principle of animal nutrition配合饲料技术The technique of formular feed普通畜牧学Animal husbandry淡水养鱼学Culture of fresh-water fish动物学Zoology家禽学Poultry science珍禽学Science of rare birds家畜育种学Poultry breeding家禽孵化学Poultry hatching家畜环境卫生学Livestock environment hygiene牛生产学Cattle production家兔生产学Rabbit production猪生产学Swine production畜牧家畜育种学Animal breeding数量遗传学Quantitative genetics动物遗传学Animal genetics生物统计附试验设计Biological statistics养犬与养猫Canine and feline production家畜繁殖学Animal reproduction动物遗传育种Animal Genetics & Breeding动物生产学Animal production动物医学系(Department of Veterinary Medicine )兽医学院(College of Veterinary Medicine)家畜解剖学The anatomy of the domestic animals禽病学Diseases of poultry家畜病理学The pathology of the domestic animals动物组织学与胚胎学Histology and embryology of the domestic animals 家畜解剖学及组织胚胎学家禽普通病学General diseases of poultry中兽医学Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine兽医临床诊断学Clinical diagnosis of veterinarian家禽传染病学Avian infectious diseases家禽内科学Internal medicine of domestic animals家禽药理学Poultry pharmacology兽医药理学Veterinary pharmacology家畜寄生虫学Parasitology of domestic animals家禽病理学Pathology of poultry兽医产科学Veterinary breeding家畜外科学Veterinary surgery兽医应用免疫学Veterinary applied immunology动物性食品卫生学Animal food hygiene家畜传染病学Infections disease of domestic animals兽医学Veterinary medicine兽医药理学的毒理学Veterinary pharmacy toxicology理学院(College of Science)计算机关系数据库Relationship database计算机应用基础Fundamentals of computer application 计算机应用基础Computer applicationC语言程序设计Programming in C物理化学Physical chemistry有机化学Organic chemistry分析化学Analytical chemistry普通化学General chemistry化工仪表Chemical engineering and meter化学实验Experiment in general chemistry大学物理College physics应用电子技术The application of electronic technology概率论Probability theory线性代数Linear algebra高等数学Advanced mathematics必修课The required courses选修课Optional courses限选课Limited optional courses实践课Practical courses军训Military training专业劳动Work in specialty and for production教学实践Practice in the course生产实习Training for working毕业论文（设计）The thesis or designing for graduation 物化胶化Physical colloid chemistry人文科学学院(College of Humanities)法律基础Fundamentals of law社会主义人生实践The socialist practice in one’s life形势政策教育The education of situation and policy马克思主义原理The course on Marxist theories中国革命史The history of Chinese revolution中国革命的理论与实践The theory and practice of the Chinese revolution社会调查研究理论与方法Theory and method on social investigation and research 中国社会主义建设China’s socialist construction国际贸易International trade经济法学Economic law中国社会主义市场经济概论An introduction to china’s socialist market economy政治经济学Political economics西方经济学Western economics行政管理学Administration management应用写作Practical writing思想教育Ideological education自然科学方法论The methodology of natural science逻辑学Logic农业文献检索Agricultural literature indexing专业英语Special English体育Physical training毛泽东思想概论An introduction to Mao zedong thought邓小平理论概论An introduction to Deng xiaoping theory教育学Pedagogy思想道德修养Thought & moral training教学法Teaching method应用写作Practical writing农业史Agricultural history经济贸易学院(College of Economics and Trade)乡镇企业管理学院(College of Rural Enterprise Management)宏观经济学Macroeconomics微观经济学Microeconomics政治经济学Political economics发展经济学Development economics农业经济学Agricultural economics外国农业经济Foreign agricultural economics中国经济地理Economy geography in China经济法学The law of economics国际商法International commercial law管理信息系统Management information system农业会计学Agricultural accounting消费经济学Consumption economics电算化会计原理Computer accounting成本会计Cost accounting统计学原理Principle of statistics商品流通统计Accounting in commodity circulation金融统计Financial statistics会计学原理Principle of accounting商品流通企业会计Business accounting in commodity circulation财务会计学Financial accounting审计学Auditing银行会计Bank accounting农业政策学Agricultural policy管理学原理Principle management企业学原理Business management房地产经营管理Administration and management of real estate银行经营管理Administration and management of bank商业企业经营管理Business administration and management涉外企业管理Foreign business management资源经济学Resource economics农产品贸易学Agricultural products trade国际贸易International trade进出口贸易实务Practice in import-Export trade市场营销学Marketing国际市场营销学International marketing财政学Public finance国际金融International finance证券投资Investment on securities公共关系学Public relations货币银行学Economics of money and banking投资经济学Economics of investment国际结算International settlement银行信贷学Bank credit财政金融Public finance and monetary economics期货交易理论与实务Theory and practices of futures土地经济学Land economics乡镇企业经济管理The economic management of tow’s enterprise 经济计量学Economical estimate审计学audit农学系(Department of Agronomy)农学院(College of Agriculture)制茶学Manufacture of tea作物育种学（各论）Crop breeding作物育种学（总论）Crop breeding (general discourse)种子学原理Principles of seed science农业管理学Agricultural management农产品综合利用Comprehensive utilization of crop products耕作学Cultivation science经济作物学Industry crop science农业气象基础Agrometeorology遗传学Genetics茶树栽培学Tea cultivation茶叶审评与检验Tea tasting and inspection试验设计与统计分析Experimental designs and statistical analyses农业生态学Agroecology农业自然资源利用及农业区划Utilization of agricultural resources and agricultural regionalization 茶树能种学Tea plant breeding粮食作物学Food crop science茶叶生物化学Biochemistry of tea农业推广学Agricultural popularization农业环境保护Agricultural environmental protection作物栽培学与耕作学Crop cultivation & geoponics蚕桑系(Department of Sericulture)艺术设计学院(College of Art Design)蚕桑综合利用Silkworm-mulberry multipurpose utilization茧丝学Cocoon silk science养蚕学Seri cultural science蚕体解剖生理Anatomy and physiology of silkworm桑树栽培及育种学Mulberry cultivation & breeding桑树病虫害防治学蚕种学Silkworm egg production家蚕遗传育种Silkworm genetic of thremmatology遗传学Genetics蚕病学Silkworm pathology蚕桑学Sericulture园艺系(Department of Horticulture)园艺学院(College of Horticulture)插花艺术Art of floweral arrangement蔬菜育种学Vegetable breeding花卉园艺学Floriculture园艺商品学Marketing of horticultural product园艺设施栽培Horticultural facilities culture植物显微技术Plant microtechnology园艺通论General horticulture园艺昆虫学Horticultural entomology园艺植物育种学Plant breeding in horticulture果树生理学Fruit tree physiology园艺研究法Horticulture studies果树栽培学总论Pomology园艺产品贮藏保鲜学Techniques in preservation of horticultural products园艺植物病理学The pest control of horticulture plant花卉保鲜学Techniques in preservation of flowers & plants园艺植物生理学Horticulture plant pathology蔬菜栽培学Vegetable culture盆景艺术Pruning采后生理Post harvest physiology果树抗性育种专题Special topic on fruit tree resistance园艺植物的生物技术The biotechnique of horticultural plant园艺概论An outline of horticulture蔬菜学Olericulture果树学Pomology工程技术学院(College of polytechnics)工程学院(College of Engineering)建筑电工Architectural electrotechnics电工学Electrotechnics工业电子学Industrial electronics材料力学Strength of materials建筑力学（结构力学部分）Mechanics of structure理论力学Theoretical mechanics机械设计Machinery design机械原理Theory of machine and mechanism画法几何学Drawing geometry机械制图Engineering drawing工程制图Engineering drawing园林工程制图Landscape drawing建筑制图Building drawing液压技术2 Hydraulic technique 2机械工程材料Materials of mechanical engineering机床夹具设计原理Theory of jig design for machine tool冷冲工艺及冷冲模设计Punching technology and punch die design金属切削原理与刀具Principle of l cutting and cutting tool金属工艺学l technology机械制造工艺学Manufactural technology of machinery金属工艺学l technology液压技术1 Hydraulic technique 1汽车维修理论Theory of automobile service汽车运输学Transportation of automobile互换性与测量技术Interchangeability and technical measurement汽车构造Construction of automobile汽车运用工程Automobile application engineering热工基础Fundamental of thermo-technology食品干燥工艺与设备Food drying technology and equipment食品包装机械Food packaging machinery农业机械学Agricultural machinery食品工程原理Theory of food process engineering食品加工机械与设备Foot processing machinery and equipments砼与砌体结构Reinforce concrete建筑构造Structure of building建筑材料Constructional material建筑施工技术与施工组织Technology and planning of building operation单层工业厂房排架结构设计The design of single-factory building with d structure 高层建筑结构设计Design of high rise building民用建筑设计原理Design of civil architecture农业系统工程及管理工程Systems engineering and management engineering资源环境学院(College of Resources and Environment)环境监测Environmental monitoring土壤农业化学Agrochemistry analysis生产布局学原理Principle of productive distribution城镇建设用地管理Management of land urban construction城市规划原理Principle of urban planning资源经济学Resources economics经济地理Economic geography土地资源调查Land resources survey地图绘编Map establishment遥感技术基础Fundamental of remote sensing technology土地信息系统Land information system地籍管理Land management土地规划学Land planning science土地管理学Land management土地经济学Land economic房地产管理Management of real estate房地产估价Appraisement of real estate固体废物的处理与处置Treatment & disposal wastes城市污泥的农业再循环与生态环境The agricultural recycling of municipal sludge and the ecological environment 大气污染控制工程Air pollution controlling engineering环境质量评价Environmental quality assessment环境化学Environmental chemistry水体污染控制工程Water pollution controlling engineering环境生态Environmental ecology土壤污染与防治Soil pollution环境保护概论Introduction of environmental protection农业环境保护概论Introduction of agricultural environmental protection无土栽培原理与技术Theories and techniques of soilless culture农业化学总论Introduction of agrochemistry作物施肥原理Principles of crop fertilization作物营养研究法Methodology of plant nutrition土壤物理学Soil physics土壤学Pedology环境土壤学Environmental pedology土壤化学Soil chemistry土壤粘粒矿物Mineral of soil clay fration土质学基础Basis of geology土壤地理学Soil geography区域土壤学Regional pedology土壤资源调查Soil resources survey茶树病虫害(病害部分) Tea disease and pest (disease section)植物检疫学Quarantine for pests植物病毒学Plant virology果树病理学Fruit tree pathology果蔬病害Fruit and vegetable diseases植物免疫学Plant immunology普通昆虫学General entomology真菌资源及利用Fungal resources and their utilization除草剂毒理学Toxicology of herbicides植物病害生物防治学Biological prevention and control of plant diseases害虫生物防治Biological control杀菌剂毒理学Toxicology of fungicides植物病害流行学Epidemiology of plant diseases农业螨类学Agricultural acarology害虫综合防治Integrated pest management生物统计学Biometrics城市昆虫学Civil entomology作物抗虫育种原理及应用Principle and application of resistant plant breeding 植物病原细菌学Plant bacteriology植物病理学Plant pathology真菌分类学Taxonomy of fungi植物线虫学Plant nematology农业植物病理学Agricultural phytopathology普通植物病理学General phytopathology果蔬昆虫学Fruit plant & vegetable entomology果蔬贮运病害Fruit and vegetable diseases during storage食用真菌学Edible fung林学院College of Forestry数理统计Mathematical statistics遗传学Genetics树木育种学Forest tree breeding树木育苗学Tree seeds and nursery stock science自然保护区学Science of nature reserve造林学Silviculture林业技术经济学Forestry technology economics森林经营学Forest management林业经济管理学Management of forestry economics林业政策与法规Policies and laws of forestry会计学原理Fundamentals of accounting树木病理学Forest pathology测树学Forest measuration测量学Surveying森林生态学Forest ecology森林土壤学Forest soil science森林经理学Forest management森林昆虫学Forest entomology树木学Dendrology机械设计基础Fundamentals of mechanical design厂内运输Equipment of transit in factory胶合板制造学The manufacturing of plywood木材加工企业管理Forest products management胶粘剂与涂料Adhesive and paint木材学Wood science木材干燥Timber drying木制品生产工艺学Tec manufacturing of wood products纤维板制造学Fiberboard manufacturing technology刨花板制造学The manufacturing of particleboard木材切削原理与刀具The principles of wood cutting and tools木工机械Wood machinery土壤学Soil science经济林育种学Economic forest breeding经济林昆虫学Economic forest entomology经济林病理学Economic forest pathology经济林栽培学Economic forest culture园林设计Parks and gardens design造型艺术Plastic art城市绿地规划City open spaces planning园林树木栽培养护学Garden tree cultivation园林树木学Ornamental dendrology园林专业绘画课Painting of landscape architecture城市规划基础Fundamentals of city planning城市园林绿化经济管理Economic management of urban landscape gardening 风景园林设计初步Elementary landscape architecture design园林植物病理学Ornamental plant pathology园林昆虫学Ornamental plant entomology园林史History of landscape architecture园林工程Landscape architectural engineering土壤学Soil science城市生态学Urban ecology森林保护学Forest protection。

（信息技术）电脑与信息技术英语翻译常用专业词汇这里汇聚了计算机和网络技术领域的大部分英语词汇和详细解说，如果要查询相关词汇，你可以点此word文档工具栏的“编辑”，找到“查找”，然后点开输入你要查询的词汇就可以查询了。

AAAIMS（An Analytical Information Management System）分析信息管理系统Abacus 算盘Access security 存取安全Access time 存取时间Active 有源的Ada programming language Ada 程序设计语言Adapter 适配器Adapter card 转接卡Add-on 外接式附件Address 地址ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) 非对称数字客户线路After-image record 残留影像记录Algorithm 算法Alpha testing ɑ测试3Alteration switch 变换开关ALU(Arithmetic/Logic Unit)运算器Amplitude 幅度Analog data 模拟数据Analog cellular 模拟移动电话Analog signal 模拟信号Analysis block 分析块Animation 动画制作ANSL(American National Standards Label)美国国家标准标号Answerback memory 应答存储器Anti-noise coding 反噪声编码Antivirus software 反病毒软件APL(A Programming Language) APL 语言Application development cycle 应用开发周期Application program 应用程序4Application software 应用软件Arithmetic operation 算术运算ARP(Automatic Receive Program)自动接受程序Artificial network 仿真网络ASCII(American standard Code for Information Interchange)美国信息交换用标准代码Assembler 汇编程序Assembly language 汇编语言Asynchronous 异步的Asynchronous transmission 异步传输ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode) 异步传输模式ATM(Automated Teller Machine)自动出纳机Attribute 属性Auctions on the web 网上拍卖Audio board 声板5Audio file 声音文件Audio input device 声音输入装置Audio-player 播放Audit program 审查程序Auditing system 审查系统Authoring system 写作系统6BBackbone system 主干系统Backup file 备份文件Backward compatibility 反向兼容性Backward recovery 向后恢复Band printer 带式打印机Bandwidth 带宽Bandwidth limitation 带宽限制Bar code 条形码Bar-code reader 条形码读出器Basic exchange format 基本交换格式BASIC programming language BASIC 程序设计语言Batch processing 批处理Beeper 传呼机7Beta testing β测试Binary digit 二进制数字Binary file 二进制文件Binary number system 二进制数字系统Binary system 二进制BIOS(Basic Input/Output System)基本输入/输出系统Bit 量，位Bit(binary digit)位，二进制位，比特Bit-mapped display screen 位映像显示器Block check 块检验Blocking software 封锁软件Bookmark 书签Bootleg version 盗版BPS(Business Professional System) 商业专用系统Bridge 网桥8Broadcast image 广播图象Browser 浏览程序Building blocks 组件Built-in function 内部功能Bus 总线Bus network 总线网络Bus slot 总线槽Business terminal equipment 商务终端设备Button 按扭Byte 字节，位组9CC programming language C 程序设计语言C++ programming language C++程序设计语言Cable length 电缆长度Cable modem 电缆调制解调器Cache memory 超高速缓冲存储器CAD(Computer-Aided Design) 计算机辅助设计CADD(Compute-Aided Design and Drafting) 计算机辅助设计与制图Call-back system 回叫系统CAM(Computer-Aided Manufacturing) 计算机辅助生产Capacity 容量Carrier wave 载波Cartridge tape 盒式磁带CASE(Computer-Aided Software Engineering) 计算机辅助软件工程10CBT(Computer-Based Training) 利用计算机的训练CCD（Charge Coupled Device）电荷藕合器件CD writer 刻录机CDC(Code-Directing Character) 代码引导字符CDP(Certified Data Processor)合格数据处理程序Cell 单元，细胞，信元Cell address 单元地址Cell pointer 单元指示器CEO(Chip Enable Output) 芯片启动输出CERT(Character Error Rate Tester) 字符出错率测试程序Chain printer 链式打印机Channel command 通道命令Character 字符Character-recognition 字符识别Chat room 聊天室11Check bit 校验位，检验位Child record 子记录Chip 芯片，晶片Circuit switching 电路转接，线路交换CIS(Communication Information System) 通信信息（情报）系统Clear entry 消除输入Click 点击Client 客户，委托程序，委托进程，客户机Client-server 客户服务器Clipboard 剪贴板Clouds 云Cluster 簇，束，线束，群集Coaxial tree network 同轴树状网络COBOL programming language COBOL 程序设计语言Coding 编码，编程序12Collision 冲突Color display screen 彩色显示屏Communication 通信Communication parties 传输单元Communications channel 通信信道Communications controller 通信控制器Communications hardware 通信硬件Communications network 通信网络Communications satellites 通信卫星Communications server 通信服务器Communications service 通信业务Communications software 通信软件Communications technology 通信技术Compatibility 兼容性，一致性，互换性Compiler 编译程序13Component 分量，成分，元件，组件，部件Compression 压缩Computer 计算机Computer-based information system 计算机信息系统Computer crime 计算机犯罪Computer industry 计算机行业Computer literacy 计算机扫盲Computer online service 计算机联机服务Computer professional 计算机专业人员Computer programmer 计算机程序设计员Concentration 集中Concentrator 集中器，集线器Concurrent-use license 并行使用许可证Connection 连接Connectivity 连通性，连接性14Connectivity diagram 连通图表Contact 接触点Control structure 控制结构Control unit 控制器，控制部件Controller card 控制器插件Coprocessor 协同处理程序，协同处理机Copy command 复制命令Copyright 版权Copyright protection 版权保护Counterfeit software 盗版软件Courseware 课件CPU(Central Processing Unit) 中央处理机Cracker 黑客CRT(Cathode Ray Tube) 阴极射线管CTS(Clear To Send) 清除发送15Cursor 光标Cursor-movement key 光标移动键Custom software 客户软件Cut command 剪切命令Cyberculture 计算机文化，控制论优化Cybernation 计算机控制化16DDaisy chain 菊链DAT(Data Acquisition Test) 数据采集测试Data access method 数据存取法Data acquisition 数据采集Data compression 数据压缩Data dictionary 数据字典Data file 数据文件Data flow diagram 数据流程图Data integrity 数据完整性Data manipulation language 数据操纵语言Data mining 数据开采Data recovery 数据恢复Data redundancy 数据冗余Data storage hierarchy 数据存储层次17Data transmission 数据传输Data transmission factor 数据传输系数Data warehouse 数据仓库Database 数据库Database server 数据库服务器Database software 数据库软件DBA(Data Base Administrator) 数据库管理程序DBMS(Data Base Management System) 数据库管理系统Debugging 调试Decision making system 判定系统，决策系统Decision table 判定表Dedicated computer 专用计算机Default value 缺省值，系统设定值Delete 删除Democratic network 共同控制网络18Design 设计Desk checking 桌面检验Desktop accessory 桌面附件Desktop publication system 桌面出版系统Developing information system 信息开发系统Dialog box 对话框Dial-up connection 拨号上网Dial-up Internet communication 拨号网间通信Digital 数码的Digital camera 数码照相机Digital cellular phone 数字移动电话Digital signal 数字信号Digital signal processor 数字信号处理器Digital signature 数字签名Digitized speech 数字化语音19DIMS(Data Information and Manufacturing system) 数据信息和制造系统Direct access storage 直接存取存储器，直接访问存储器Direct file organization 直接文件组织Direct implementation 直接实现Direct synchronous multiplexing 直接同步复用Directory 目录，号码表Disk 磁盘Disk drive 磁盘驱动器Diskette 软磁盘，软盘Display 显示Display screen 显示屏幕Disrupt 使混乱，破坏，分裂，瓦解Distance learning 远程学习Distributed database 分布式数据库Disturbance 干扰20DM(Data Memory) 数据存储器DNS(Domain Naming System) 域命名系统Document 文件，资料，文献，文卷Document file 资料文件Documentation 文件编制，资料，文档DOS(Disk Operating System) 磁盘操作系统Dot 点Dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机Download 下载Downsizing 规模缩小化Downward compatibility 向下兼容性Draft-quality 粗劣的印刷质量，草稿字体印刷质量DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory) 动态随机存取存储器Drawing program 绘图程序Driver 驱动器21Drum printer 鼓式打印机Drum scanner 鼓形扫描器DSS(Decision Support System) 决策支援系统DTP(Data Transmission Protocol) 数据传送协议Dumb terminal 哑终端，简易终端DVP(Data Validation Program) 数据验证程序Dynamic linking 动态链接22EEBCDIC(Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange) 扩充的二-十进制交换码E-cash 电子货币E-commerce 电子商务EDI(Electronic Data Interchange) 电子数据交换EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory) 电可擦只读存储器EIC(External Interface Control) 外部借口控制EIS(External Interrupt Support) 外部中断支援Electroluminescent display 电致发光显示屏Electromagnetic spectrum 电磁光谱Electronic conference 电子会议Electronic image 电子图象Electronic network 电子网络23Electronic secretary 电子秘书Electronic ticketing machine 电子售票机Electronic tutor 电子教学装置Electrostatic plotter 静电绘图机Elementary field 基本字段ELF(Extensible Language Facility) 可扩充的语言功能E-mail 电子邮件Embedded computer 嵌入式计算机Emulation 仿真，仿效Encapsulation 封闭，封装，密封Encryption 加密，编密码End-to-end delay 端到端的时延End-to-end digital connectivity 端到端的数字连接End-user 终端用户ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) 电子数字积分24器和计算器Enter key 输入键EPL(Encoder Programming Language) 编码器程序设计语言EPROM(Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) 可擦可编程只读存储器EPSS(Error Processing Sub-system) 错误处理子系统Ergonomics 人类工程学Error correction 纠错法ESS(Electronic Switching System) 电子交换系统Evaluation system 评价系统Even parity 偶数奇偶校验Exchange service 交换业务Executable 可执行文件Execution cycle 执行周期Execution program 执行程序Expansion bus 扩展总线25Expansion card 扩充插件卡Expansion slot 扩展槽Expert system 专家系统External hard disk drive 外部硬盘驱动器External modem 外部调制解调器26FFAT(File Allocation Table) 文件分配表Fault freedom 容错性能Fault tolerant system 容错系统Fax 传真Fax machine 传真机FCB(File Control Block) 文件控制块Feasibility study 可行性研究，可能性研究FEC(Forward Error Correction) 向前纠错Fiber-optic cable 光缆Field 字段，场，域Field protect 字段保护Fifth-generation programming language 第五代程序设计语言File 文件27File extension 文件扩充File management system 文件管理系统File name 文件名File server 文件服务程序File virus 文件病毒Filter 过滤，滤波Financial planning system 财务规划系统Find command 查找命令Finder 寻找程序，定位程序，录像器Fingerprint security system 指纹安全系统Firewall 防火墙Firmware 固件Fixed disk drive 固定磁盘驱动器Flatbed plotter 平板绘图仪Flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪28Flat-panel display 平面显示器Flat-panel technique 平面技术Flexible telecommunication networking 灵活的通信联网Floppy disk 软磁盘FLOPS(Floating-point Operations Per Second) 每秒浮点运算次数Flowchart 流程图Font 字型，字体Format selection 格式选择Formatting 格式化，格式编排Formula 公式FORTH programming language FORTH 程序设计语言Forward recovery 正向恢复Fourth-generation programming language 第四代程序设计语言Fragmenting 分割29Frame grabber 帧接受器，帧捕获器Free ware 免费软件Frequency 频率Front-end processor 前端处理机FTP(File Transfer Protocol)文件传送协议Full-duplex 全双工Function 功能，函数，作用Function key 功能键Fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑30GGame port 博弈端口Garbage 无用信息Gateway 关口，网间连接GDS(Group Display System) 群显示系统Genealogy 家谱学，系统GES(General Edit System) 通用逻辑系统GIS(Geographic Information System) 几何图形信息系统Global communication 全球通信GPS(Global Positioning System) 全球定位系统Grammar checker 语法检验程序Graphics 图形学，制图技术Graphics accelerator 图形加速器Graphics coprocessor 图形协同处理程序31Grid 网格，坐标网络Gross index 粗索引Groupware 群件GUI(Graphical User Interface) 图形用户接口32HHacker 黑客Half-duplex transmission 半双工传输Handheld scanner 手持式扫描仪Handshaking 信号交换，接续Hard disk 硬磁盘Hard return 硬回车Hard-copy terminal 硬拷贝终端Hardware 硬件Hardware compatibility 硬件兼容性HDTV(High Definition Television) 高分辨率电视Help menu 求助菜单，求助项目单Head-mounted display 头盔式显示器Hidden computer 隐式计算机33Hierarchical database 分级数据库Hierarchy 分级，分层，层次Hierarchy chart 分级图表High resolution 高分辨率High-level programming language 高级程序设计语言Hold 握住Home directory 主目录Home network 本地网络Home record 引导记录，起始记录Host 主机Host adaptation 主机适应性Host computer 主计算机Host operating system 主操作系统Host-to-host 主机到主机HTML(Hyper text Markup Language) 超文本标记语言34Hybrid network 混合式网络HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol) 超级文本传输协议Hyperlink 超级链接Hypertext 超文本35IIcon 图符Identification system 识别系统Image file 映像文件Imaging system 成像系统IML(Initial Micro-code Load) 初始微码装入Impact 影响，冲击Impact printer 击打式打印机Importing file 输入文件Incremental backup 增量备份法Indexed file organization 索引文件组织Inference engine 推理机Information 信息，情报Information capacity 信息容量36Information function 信息函数Information management 信息管理Information overload 信息超载Information system 信息系统Information technology 信息技术Information transmission system 信息传输系统Information unit 信息单位Information utility 实用程序，信息应用程序，信息公用设施Inheritance 继承Initialize 初始化Ink-jet plotter 喷墨绘图仪Ink-jet printer 喷墨印刷机Input control 输入控制器Input device 输入设备Input hard ware 输入硬件37Inquiry and communication system 查询与通信系统Insert 插入Insertion point 插入点Install 安装，建立Instruction cycle 指令周期Integrated circuit 集成电路Integrated software package 组合软件包Intellectual property 知识产权Intelligent robot 智能机器人Intelligent terminal 智能终端Interactive presentation 交互式演示Inter activity 交互性Interface 接口Intermediate node 中间网点Internal bus 内部总线38Internal hard disk drive 内部硬盘驱动器Internal modem 内部调制解调器International standard interface 国际标准接口Internet 互联网，信息网络实体Interpreter 解释程序，翻译机，转换机ISAM(Indexed Sequential Access Method) 索引顺序存取法ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network) 综合服务数字网络Isolation 隔离，绝缘ISP(Internally Stored Program) 内部存储程序ISP(Internet Service Provider) 因特网服务提供商39JJAD(Joint Application Design) 联合应用程序设计Jerk 乱窜Jitter 抖动Job file 作业文件Job management 作业管理程序Junk mail 垃圾邮件Justification range 调整范围40KKey field 关键字字段Key search 关键字查找Keyboard 键盘Keyboard console 键盘控制台Kilobyte 千字节Knowledge base 知识库Knowledge engineer 知识工程师Knowledge engineering 知识工程Knowledge system 知识系统41LLanguage translator 语言翻译程序Large-scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路Laser 激光，激光器Laser communication 激光通信系统Laser printer 激光打印机Latency 延迟，执行时间Latent image 潜像Law 法律Layer 分层LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) 液晶显示器LEO(Low Earth Orbit) 近地轨道License 许可证Light pen 光笔Line printer 行式打印机42Line terminal multiplexer 终端复用器Linear 线性的，一次的Link 连接，连线，链接Linkage instruction 连接命令LISP programming language LISP 程序设计语言Live conversation 实际的对话Load 装入，加载Load server 加载服务器Local-area network 局域网Logic bomb 逻辑炸弹（病毒）Logic error 逻辑错误Logical operation 逻辑操作LOGO programming language LOGO 程序设计语言Look through 搜寻43Loop 循环，回路，环路Loss less 无损耗Lossy 有损耗的，有损失的44MMAC(Memory access Controller) 存储器存取控制器Machine cycle 机器周期Machine language 机器语言Macintosh （苹果公司生产的一种型号的）计算机Macro 宏，宏指令，宏定Macro virus 宏病毒Magnetic tape 磁带Magneto optical disk 磁光盘Mail server 邮件服务器Mailing list 邮件列表Main memory 主存储器Mainframe computer 主计算机Maintenance 维护，维修MAN(Maintenance Alert Network) 维护警报网45Manager 管理程序，管理人员Manipulate 控制，操纵Manipulation 操纵，控制，处理，操作Manual function 手动功能，人工功能Manufacturing support system 制造支持系统Marker 标记符Marketing model 市场销售模型Mark-recognition device 标记识别装置Master file 主文件Mathematic characterization of continuous image 连续图象的数学表征MDA(Multi-Dimensional Analysis) 多维分析MDT(Modified Data Tag) 修改过的数据标志Meeting software 会议软件Mega 兆Memory cycle 存储周期46Mega byte 兆字节Megahertz 兆赫Member record 成员记录Memory 记忆存储，存储器Memory expansion card 存储器扩充卡Memory module 存储模块Menu bar 菜单条Menu-driven program generator 菜单驱动程序生成程序MED(Micro-Electronic Device) 微电子器件Meta-data 元数据MICR(Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) 磁性墨水字符识别Microcomputer 微型计算机Micro controller 微控制器Microprocessor 微处理器Microwave 微波47Middleware communication model 媒件通信模型MIDI(Music Instrument Digital Interface) 乐器数字接口Miniaturization 小型化MIPS(Million Instructions Per Second) 每秒百万条指令Mirror 镜像MIS(Management Information System) 信息管理系统MMX technology MMX 技术Model 模型，机样，型号Modem 调制解调器Module design 模块设计Monitor 监视器，监督Monitor mode 监控方式Monochrome display 单色显示Mouse 鼠标Mouse pointer 鼠标指示器48Moving pictures 活动图象MPP(Massively Parallel Processor) 巨型并行处理器Multifunction device 多功能装置Multimedia 多媒体Multimedia environment 多媒体环境Multipartite virus 复合性病毒Multiplexer 多路转接器Multiplexing 多路转换Multipoint line 多点线路Multi-port 多端口Multiprocessing 多重处理Multiprogramming 多道程序设计（控制）Multitasking 多任务Multi-user platform 多用户平台49NNarrow band services 窄带业务Nationwide network 全国范围的网络Natural language 自然语言Natural language processing 自然语言处理NC language processor NC 语言处理器Necessary bandwidth 必要带宽Net ware 网件Network 网络Network adapter 网络适配器Network computer 网络计算机Network database 网络数据库Network facilities resources 网络设备资源Network harms 网络损害50Network information resources 网络信息资源Network interface card (NIC) 网络接口卡Network piracy 网络盗版Network server 网络服务程序，网络服务器Networked hypertext protocol 网络超文本协议Neural network 神经网络Node 节点，网点Non-interacting control system 非交互式控制系统Non-procedural language 非过程语言Non-volatile chain 非易失链NOS(Network Operating System) 网络操作系统Null set 空集Numeric key 数字键51OOAS(Office Automation System) 办公自动化系统Object 目标，对象，结果，物体Object code 目标代码OCR(Optical Character Recognition) 光符识别Odd parity 奇数奇偶校Off-line equipment 脱机设备Off-line storage 脱机存储器Off-the-shelf software 现成的软件OLE(Object Linking and Embedding) 对象的链接与嵌入OMR(Optical Mark Recognition) 光标记识别Onboard 板载的One-level code 一级代码One-to-many 一对多的52Online processing 联机处理Online storage 联机存储器OODBS(Object Oriented Data Base System) 面向目标的数据库系统OOO(Out Of Order) 发生故障，次序混乱Open network 开放式网络Operating environment 操作环境，运行环境Operating system 操作系统Operation control 操作控制Operator 运算符，操作员Optical card 光卡Optical disk 光盘Optical Ethernet 光以太网Optimization 优化Optoelectronic receiver 光电子接收机Organization 机构，组织，结构，体系53Organization chart 组织图，结构图OS/360(Operating System/360) 360 型操作系统OSI(Open System Interconnection) 开放系统互连Output 输出Owner record 主记录，自由记录54PPackage 分组Packaged software 封装式软件包Packet 包，数据包，分组报文Packet switching 包交换Pager 页面调度程序Painting 涂色Parallel data transmission 并行数据传输Parallel implementation 并行执行Parallel port 并行端口Parallel processing 并行处理Parent record 母记录Parity bit 奇偶校验位Parity scheme 奇偶校验方案55PASCAL programming language PASCAL 程序设计语言Passive 无源的Passive network 无源网络Password 口令Path 路径PBX(Private Branch Exchange) 专用交换分机，用户交换机PC(Personal Computer) 个人计算机PC application software 个人计算机应用软件PC host operating system 个人计算机主机操作系统PCI（peripheral Component Interconnect）外围部件互连PCMCIA(Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) 个人电脑内存储卡国际协会PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) 个人数字助理PDL(Picture Description Language) 画面描述语言Peak 峰值56Peer-to-peer 层间，层到层PEM(Processing Element Memory) 处理单元存储器Perception system 感知系统Peripheral device 外围设备Personal finance software 个人财务软件Personal identification code 个人识别代码PERT chart editing PERT 图编辑PGP(Programmable Graphics Processor) 可编辑图形处理机Phonetic keyboard 语音键盘Photo-digital store 光数字存储器Photolithographic mask layer 光刻掩蔽层Physical storage 物理存储器PIM(Processor Interface Module) 处理程序接口模块PIN(Personal Identification Number) 个人识别号码Pixel store 像素存储器57PL/1 programming language PL/1 程序设计语言Platform position computer 平台位置计算机Plotter 绘图仪Plug and play system 即插即用系统Plug-in card 插件Pointing device 指示装置Point-of-sale terminal 销售点终端Point-to-point line 点对点线路，专用线Polymorphism 多形性，多机组合形势Pop-up menu 弹出选项单Port 端口，进出口Portable operating system 可移植操作系统Portable terminal 便携式终端POST(Power-on Self Test) 通电自检Power supply 电源，供电58PPP(Parallel Pattern Processor) 并行模式处理程序Precision 精确度Preliminary design 初步设计Presentation layer 表示层Presentation graphic 表示图形Presentation software 显示软件Preventive maintenance 预防性维护Previewing 预检，预览Primary storage 主存储器Print server 打印服务程序Printer 打印机Printing document 打印文档Privacy 保密性Procedural error 过程错误Procedural language 过程型语言59Procedure 过程，程序，步骤Process 处理，进程Process model 过程模型Processing 处理，加工Processing hardware 处理硬件Processor 处理程序，处理机Production language compiler 产生式语言编译程序Productivity 生产率Productivity tool 生产率工具Professional programmer 专业程序设计员Program 程序，计划，规划，方案Program file 程序文件Program flowchart 程序流程图Program independence 程序独立性Programmer 程序设计人员，编程器60Programming 程序设计，编程Programming language 程序设计语言Programming procedure 程序设计过程Project management software 工程项目管理，计划管理Project management software 工程项目管理软件PROLOG programming language PROLOG 程序设计语言Proprietary software 专有软件Proprietary system 专用系统Protocol 协议Prototype 样机，原型Prototyping 原型开发，样机研究Pseudo-code 伪代码Public communication carriers 公共通信载体Public domain 公用域Pull-down menu 下拉菜单61Pulse code modulation 脉冲码调制62QQBE(Query By Example) 仿效实例询问QIC(Quality Insurance Chain) 质量保证链Query 询问，查询Query facility 询问功能软件Query language 询问语言Query-and-reporting processor 询问和报告处理程序Quiet code 静止代码QWERTY keyboard QWERTY 键盘63RRAD(Rapid Access Device) 快速存取设备RAM(Random Access Memory) 随机存取存储器,内存Random access storage 随机存取存储器Random file organization 随机文件结构Raster graphics 光栅图形Reading 读，读取Real-time processing 实时处理Reasoning 推理，推论，推导Recalculation 重算Receiving entity 接收实体Receiving system 接收系统Record 记录Reference mark 参考标记64Reference model 参考模型Reference software 参考软件Refresh rate 更新率，刷新率Refreshable program 可刷新程序Regenerate 再生Register 寄存器Relational database 关系数据库Relational model 关系模型Release 释放Reliable 可靠的Reliability 可靠性Remote-control 遥控Remote device 远程设备Remote terminal 远程终端Removable hard disk 可移动硬盘65Repeater 中继器Repeater spacing 中继距离Replace command 替换命令Report generator 报告生成程序Resistor 电阻器Resolution 分辨率Retrieval performance 检索性能Return key 返回键RFI(Read Frequency Input) 读频率输入RGB monitor 红、绿、蓝显示器RIB(Resource Information Block) 资源信息块Ring network 环形网络RISC microprocessor RISC 微处理机Robot 机器人，自动仪Robotics 机器人学，机器人技术66Rollback 重新运行，重算ROM BIOS (Read-Only Basic Input/Output System) 只读存储器基本输入/输出系统Root record 根记录Router 发送程序，路由确定程序，路由器Row 行RPG(Report Program Generator) 报表程序生成程序RPS(Random Pattern Search) 随机模式搜索RS(Record Separator) 记录分隔符Run 运行Rupture 裂断，破裂67SSampling rate 取样率SAR(Source Address Register) 源地址寄存器Satellite 卫星，人造地球卫星Save 存储，保存Save area 保存区Scan 扫描Scanning device 扫描设备，扫描装置Scheduling software 调度软件Screen 屏幕Scrolling 卷动，滚动Scrubbing 除掉，刷去SCSI(Small Computer System Interface) 小型计算机系统接口SDL(System Development Language) 系统开发语言68Search 检索，查找Search command 查找命令Search engine 查找机Searching tool 搜寻工具Second-generation programming language 第二代程序设计语言Secondary application 辅助应用程序Secondary storage 辅助存储器，二级存储器Secondary storage sub system 辅助存储子系统Section overhead 段开销Sector 扇区，分段Security 安全性，保密性，安全措施Security system 安全系统Seek time 查找时间，定位时间Selection control 选择控制Semiconductor 半导体69Semiconductor memory 半导体存储器Semi-structured information 半结构化问题Sender 发送器Sensor 传感器Sequence control 顺序控制Sequential file organization 顺序文件组织Sequential storage 顺序存储器Serial 串行的Serial data transmission 串行数据传输Serial port 串行端口Serial processing 串行处理Server 服务器Service-independent network 与业务无关的网络Session layer 会话层Shared database 共享数据库70Sharing resource 共享资源SHELL software system SHELL 软件系统Shrink-wrapped multiprocessing operating system 精缩环绕多处理操作系统Silicon 硅SIMM(Single in-line Memory Module) 单列直插式存储模块Simplex transmission 单项传输Simulation programming language 模拟程序设计语言Simulator 模拟程序，模拟器Single user 用户Smalltalk programming language Smalltalk 程序设计语言Smart card 智能卡，收费卡Softcopy 软拷贝Software 软件，软设备Software engineer 软件工程师Software engineering 软件工程71Software license 软件许可证Software package 软件包，程序包Software piracy 软件非法翻印，软件侵犯版权Software suite 软件套件Software tool 软件工具Solid error 固定错误Sorting database 分类数据库Sound 声音Sound card 声卡Sound output 声音输出Source code 源代码Source date entry 源数据录入Source program file 源程序文件SPA(Signal Processing Auxiliary) 信号处理辅助设备Speech recognition system 语音识别系统72Speech synthesis 语音合成Speed 速度Speed up 加速Spelling checker 拼法检验程序Split 分发，分散Spreadsheet 电子数据表SQL(Structured Query Language) 结构化查询语言Squeeze 压缩Standardized port 标准化的端口Star network 星形网络STM(Short Term Memory) 短期存储器Storage 存储，存储器Storage hardware 存储硬件Strategic decision 战略性决策Streaming audio 流式音频73Streaming video 流式视频Stress 应力Structure chart 结构图Structured information 结构化信息Structured programming 结构化程序设计Structured walkthrough 结构化普查Subprogram 辅程序，子程序Supercomputer 巨型计算机Superconductor 超导体Supervisor 管理程序，主管人SVDF(Segmented Virtual Display File) 分段虚拟显示文件Swapping 交互，调动Switch 打开，开关，交换机Switching technique 交换技术Synchronous DXC 同步数字交叉连接74Synchronous transmission 同步传输Synchronous transmission system 同步传输系统Syntax 语法，句法Syntax error 语法错误System 系统，体制，装置System analysis 系统分析System analyst 系统分析员System clock 系统时钟System design 系统设计System development 系统开发System engineer 系统工程师System flowchart 系统流程图System implementation 系统实现方法System maintenance 系统维护System recovery 系统恢复75System software 系统软件System testing 系统测试System unit 系统单元76TTabulating machine 制机表Target variable 目标变量Task management 任务管理程序TCT(Terminal Control Table) 终端控制表Telecommunication 远程通信，电信Teleconference 电信会议Telemedicine 电视医疗Telephone network 电话网Telephony 电话学Telex network 用户电报网Tel net 电信网，远程通信网络Terminal 终端Terminal address 终端地址77Terminal emulation 终端仿真Test 测试，检验Test equipment 测试设备Text 正文，文本Text segment 正文段Textual messages 文本信息Thesaurus 主题词表，同义词汇Third-generation programming language 第三腮程序设计语言Through-mode fashion 贯通方式Time slicing 时间分片Time-sharing 分时，时间分配Tong-haul telecommunication system 长途通信系统Top-down program design 自顶向下程序设计Top management 主管，主控Touch screen 触屏78TPI(Target Position Indicator) 目标位置指示器TPS(Transaction Processing System) 事务处理系统TPT(Time Priority Table) 时间优先表Track 磁道，轨道，声道Trackball 跟踪球Traffic segregation 流量隔离Transaction 事项，事务处理，交易Transaction file 细目文件，事项文件Transient error 瞬时错误Transmission 传输，发送，传送Transmission unit 传输单元Translate 转换Tributary signals 支路信号Trojan horse 特洛伊木马True color 真彩色79Tuple 元组，字节组Turing test 图灵测试Twisted-pair wire 绞合线Typeface 字样80U。

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Practical Applications of Semiconductor Reliability ModelingLori E. Bechtold, Boeing Commercial AirplanesFlorian Molière, PhD, Airbus Group InnovationsDavid A. Sunderland, PhD, Boeing Space & Intelligence SystemsBahig Tawfellos, Honeywell AerospaceKey Words: Physics-of-Failure, Predictions, Semiconductor ReliabilitySUMMARY & CO CLUSIO SA practical methodology for modeling the reliability of deep submicron (<90 nm) semiconductor microcircuits provides timely and needed information for the integration of commercial off the shelf (COTS) electronics in airborne and high reliability applications.（1）Designing and assuring customer confidence in airborne high reliability applications becomes more challenging as electronics technologies develop rapidly and commercial application demands drive the increasing use of faster, more integrated, higher density commercial off the shelf (COTS) electronics. （2）Use of COTS electronics provides advantages of greater computational power, with higher manufacturing volumes driving better quality control. COTS also introduce the new problem of life-limited semiconductors [1]. Outdated adequately support reliable aerospace system design [2].The Semiconductor Reliability project, that launched in April 2013 by the Aerospace Vehicle Systems Institute (A VSI) under the Authority for Expenditure (AFE) 83, （3）developed a practical approach to modeling the random and wearout failure mechanisms of deep sub-micron (<90nm) microcircuits. Unlike prior physics of failure approaches, the methodology was kept simple and was implemented in a spreadsheet. （4）This spreadsheet is provided free of charge to R&M practitioners to help promote understanding and common usage of the methodology. （5）Recipients of the spreadsheet are expected to provide feedback to the A VSI team in return. The project also encourages microcircuit device suppliers to provide reliability information in some form, （6）either by using the spreadsheet or directly providing the cumulative defect fraction (CDF) of their product in theapplication environments.When microcircuit device suppliers provide test data results for their products, the spreadsheet is used to scale the results from test to usage environments.（7）The methodology developed by A VSI differs from traditional Arrhenius methods in that scaling is not only based on temperature but also on voltage, current and frequency. （8）Models of time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB), hot carrier injection (HCI), negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and electromigration (EM) are used to gain an accurate reliability assessment for technologies sensitive to these mechanisms.（9）This paper describes the A VSI reliability research project,the semiconductor microcircuit reliability models, andcommercial and provides examples of the application of these models to support reliable avionics systems design.I TRODUCTIO（10）COTS microcircuit wearout has become a major concern for both military/aerospace (mil/aero) integrators and avionics equipment manufacturer companies (OEMs) . （11）By contrast with packaging reliability issues, microcircuit wearoutelectronics degradations cannot be easily addressed and revealed by means of the typical qualification tests performed on equipment. （12）This is because equipment qualification tests mainly accelerate environmental tresses (thermal cycle vibration, moisture) without the necessary functional constraints required to bring to light the life limited semiconductor issues. In this sense, wearout concerns have to be addressed in an early design phase at the sub-assembly level (Figure 1) through component selection methodologies like the one proposed in this paper.（13）Designing for high reliability applications is a challenge that requires multi-level collaboration to assure vertical integration of the requirements and information flow necessary for design. （14）Figure 2 illustrates the flow of information between members of the supply chain, showing generally the downward flow of requirements and upward flow of analysis and test data needed to design systems to meet the requirements.（15）Mil/aero integrators design aircraft and other platforms for commercial and military applications. （16）All companies in this market segment face the common need to use the best available COTS electronics in high reliability applications. （17）Airborne high reliability mil/aero applications generally experience greater environmental stresses than ground based commercial applications. （18）They drive reliability requirements in the context of thermal profiles, thermal cycling and vibration environments down to their suppliers, the avionics OEMs.（19）Avionics OEMs must find architecture solutions and trade multiple and often conflicting requirements.The avionics OEMs procure electronics devices from the microcircuit device suppliers and must understand how the device will operate in the required environments. （20）Mitigation measures at the avionics OEM level include adequately derating the device in the context of thermal profiles, thermal cycling, vibration, voltage and frequency, and assuring adequate architecture redundancy to guarantee reliability and safety requirements are met throughout the unit life.The microcircuit device suppliers must provide avionics OEMs with enough information and substantiating data so the OEM can make good design decisions while using their devices in electronics modules. The avionics OEM must provide the mil/aero integrators with enough information and substantiating data for them to use the modules in an airborne platform that meets their customer requirements for high functionality, safety and reliability over the operational lifetimes of the equipment.（21）The AFE 83 project aims to break down communication barriers betweenthese market segments to improve practical semiconductor reliability assessments. （22）AFE 83 is working in collaboration with 与...合作microcircuit device suppliers to develop a practicable methodology for predicting the reliability of integrated circuit semiconductors for high reliability applications. It is developing a simple reliability prediction methodology for random failure rate and the time to intrinsic.（23）The random failure rate portion of the model is similar to MIL-HDBK-217 models [3], because it is scaled with device complexity复杂性and use conditions. （24）The physics of failure semiconductor wearout models developed in prior A VSI projects [4] are used as a starting point and will be modified based on the inputs from semiconductor suppliers.2 A VSIA VSI is a research cooperative that addresses issues impacting the aerospace community through international collaborative research conducted by industry, government and academia.（25）（翻译）Members combine their resources and talents to organize and conduct research projects directly benefiting the member organizations and often benefiting the aerospace industry as a whole.（26）A VSI provides a voice for their membership to jointly influence standards, processes and technologies related to aerospace industry.A VSI has invested over a decade of research into electronics reliability, including deep sub-micron (<130nm) semiconductor wearout mechanisms, atmospheric radiation effects and the integration of physics of failure methods into reliability predictions. In 2010, A VSI reliability roadmap project, AFE 74, engaged a broad community of reliability subject matter experts to develop a consensus based Reliability Prediction Technology Roadmap. The Roadmap identified many gaps in reliability prediction capability to support the application needs identified by the stakeholders.（27）The stakeholders require a methodology that results in timely,accurate and necessary information to support design engineering processes that build customer confidence in product reliability. Semiconductor reliability modeling was identified as a high priority by the roadmap project[5].3 APPLICATIO SAerospace applications often require a 20-30 year service life, while COTS electronics usually are designed for shorter market cycles. while COTS electronics usually are designed for high performance and low cost, consequently long termreliability is less of a concern. This leaves less incentive for COTS suppliers to address the need for extended life by applying mitigation measures for these failure mechanisms. If “design for reliability”measures have been applied within the microcircuit, these may be proprietary or not fully understood by the user, so will not figure in the user’s reliability modeling. By focusing at the part level, the AFE 83 spreadsheet allows these mitigation measures to be included by the supplierAvionics systems are designed to rigorous high standards of safety and reliability, with growing processing demands of advanced navigation, guidance and communication systems. High functional density and high speed processing to support the growing avionics systems requirements is enabled through the use of COTS electronics with deep sub-micron (<90 nm) integrated circuit (IC) technologies.Airborne environments are generally harsher than ground based applications. Each flight cycle induces vibration combined with a thermal cycle in many electronics, especially those in partially protected areas such as the electronics bay.（28）Flight environments are harsh on electronics and electronic packaging, due to extremes of temperature, frequent thermal cycling, moisture, vibration, pressure, and atmospheric radiation. （29）In aviation applications, reliability needs can be higher as application conditions become worse.The effect of temperature on reliability may be seen in Fig.3. （30）This chart, provided by Xilinx, is an example of one type of result that could come out of the spreadsheet. Here Xilinx has used an internal tool, described in [6], to compute time to an acceptable percent failure for each of three distinct intrinsic wearout failure mechanisms, as well as the net lifetime value considering all three. They then plotted the result versus use temperature.（31）（翻译）.The AFE 83 spreadsheet similarly can provide the user with calculations of reliability at multiple temperatures, which can be convolved with the application’s temperature vs. time profile (e.g., Fig. 4 for commercial avionics) to enable mission analysis or decisions on whether to provide a more protected environment for the electronics. [7]（32）The results of such reliability calculations are intended to provide reasonable inputs to estimates of system-level reliability. （33）Aggregated, part-level reliability parametric data can be used to compute a reliability estimate at the circuit board, line replaceable unit, or subsystem level. This is based on the system designer’s understanding of the intended operation of the system and the environment in which it is intended to operate.While the proposed methodology is more involved than traditional reliability estimation methods, it may not be necessary to analyze every device in a given unit. （34）For many,conservative estimates will be adequate to meet random failure rate targets, and combination of older technology and limited stress will suggest that wearout life is adequate. The practical understanding of the inner relationship between the effects of the wearout failure mechanisms within a part may be controversial. The source of controversy is whether such effects can be treated as competing effects or if it is more accurate to model them as enhancing each other. （35）Asimplifying assumption in the spreadsheet is that the mechanisms are independent, and that the cumulative failure fractions may be combined numerically without correcting for an interaction between them.Figure 5 shows a sample flow diagram of the decision process an equipment manufacturer may use to determine the application of these analyses or equivalent. （36）It is important to note that if a component is expected to experience early wearout it must have the dominant wearout mechanisms accounted for in a prediction or the results will be misleading.（37）Figure 6 shows another approach to system level analysis where the traditional random failure reliability prediction (Mean Time Between Failures) is normalized to a Mean Life,so that it can be compared with the Geometric Mean Life the wearout of each small geometry part over the usage profile.[8] The Avionics OEM can then understand whether the small geometry part will be a key driver in their ability to meet the MTBF requirement.EM, TDDB, HCI and NBTI have been identified as dominant failure mechanisms for complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS) [9]. Models for these mechanisms were developed by various researchers and studied during the A VSI projects AFE 17, 71 and 71s1 and validated [10]. They have also been presented in detail in a previous RAMS paper [11], and are summarized here.The AFE 83 spreadsheet offers models for all four mechanisms, based on equations (1)-(4).T2 is the test temperature in K.These equations differ in some ways from traditional forms [12] to make the independent variables those directly controllable by the IC user, (e.g. for EM we use voltage as a proxy for current density.) （38）In addition, alternate forms of voltage acceleration models are provided in the spreadsheet,for different technologies.The failure mechanism AF models for TDDB, EM, HCI and NBTI provide an assessment at the feature level within the logic circuitry of an IC. The effects of these mechanisms become more pronounced as feature sizes shrink and functional density increases. （39）A recent study of field failures of communications technology semiconductors found that failures due to these effects are increasing, in a way similar to Moore’s Law [13] [14]. （40）Models have been developed for NBTI; however as semiconductor feature sizes continue to reduce Positive Bias Temperature Instability (PBTI) may become an issue and models will need to be developed.A traditional approach is to use the Arrhenius model to scale test data to usageenvironments using empirically derived activation energy factors. （41）It does not consider the relying on a generalized temperaturewere developed by various researchers and studied during the related failure rate model. [15] The models provided in the spreadsheet offer a more detailed failure characterization, the ability to consider multiple failure mechanisms and to directly model voltage and frequency effects as well as thermal effects.5 RELIABILITY PREDICTIO OF SEMICO DUCTORSIn any practical reliability analysis the best data available is used, and this is also true for use of the AFE 83 spreadsheet.Due to budget and time constraints and possibly the limited availability of COTS vendor data, analyses are sometimes performed with less than ideal data precision. The ideal strategy is to seek the best data first then fall back on other sources. The following is the prioritized order for finding data and analyzing semiconductor microcircuits:1. Ideal–Supplier provides all the necessary reliability in the usage environments and considering operational stresses2. Second best –Supplier provides some test information, and the user adjusts it to usage conditions using AFE 83 spreadsheet3. Third best –If no test data is available, the user runsIn (1)-(4), their own set of tests and uses AFE 83 spreadsheet to are the acceleration perform prediction4.Fourth option –When no information is available, a factors for T DDB, EM, HCI and NBTI, respectively, prediction can be performed using AFE 83 spreadsheet defaults .The AFE 83 spreadsheet PoF models are used to start the conversation with semiconductor supplier companies about what is needed for the analysis. A potential approach is to have semiconductor manufacturers take the spreadsheet develop it to accurately model their particular product line, and provide it on a webpage for use by reliability engineers applying their product in an electronic system.The prototype spreadsheet has assumed numerical values in places where the device-specific parameters are unknown.The spreadsheet is a starting point and not the final solution is used as a basis for how semiconductors are modeled.Participants and partners in this project will need to describe the methodology for estimating reliability with key objectives of identifying the data needed from device manufacturers and thatdefining the method for integrating the data into a usable result. This is accomplished through guidelines which are to be published as a deliverable of AFE83.The AFE 83 spreadsheet includes a wearout prediction model and assessment based on the four mechanisms from AFE 71s1. An initial slope factor 2 provides an example of how a Weibull analysis may characterize wearout. Although initial parametric model input values are offered in the spreadsheet, the actual parameters of the model will be provided by semiconductor suppliers, or used by them to perform wearout reliability assessment for their customers.一语言点（1）designing 和assuring 都是动词的ing形式作形容词来修饰customer。

实用资料：电气工程专业课(电力类)翻译参考专业外语：Professional English电路（上）electrical circuit (I)电路（下）electrical circuit (II)金工实习machinery practice电机（上）electrical machinery (I)电工实验与测试electrical experiment & test电子综合实践integrated electronic practice信号与系统signal & system电子技术基础（模拟）fundamentals of electronic (analog)电磁场electromagnetic field电子技术实验electronic experiment(I)电子辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automatic(I)发电厂动力工程基础Heat power engineering in generating plant企业管理enterprise management电气主系统electrical system principle电力系统稳态/暂态分析Steady-State/ Transient-State Analysis of Power System 电力系统继电保护Power System Relaying Protection电力系统潮流计算机分析：Computer Analysis of Power Flow数字电子技术Digital Electrical Technique微机原理microcomputer principle电子技术基础（数字）fundamentals of electronic (digital)自动控制automatic control theory电力系统分析electric power system analysis电子技术基础实验electronic experiment(II)电气主系统课程设计electrical system principle-course design电子辅助设计EDA Electronic Design Automatic(II)通信与计算机网络communication & computer networks电力系统继电保护electric power system relaying电力系统继电保护Power System Protective Relaying电力系统远动技术electric power system remote protocol生产实习productive practice Technology继电保护课程设计electric power system relaying-course design电力电子技术power electronics电力电子技术基础：Fundamentals of Electronics Power Technology电力电子课程设计Power electronics course design电力系统自动控制electric power system control & automation高电压技术High voltage engineering Technology变电站自动化substation automation电力经济electric power system economics电能质量控制electric power quality control配电网自动化distribution system automation电力系统新技术new techniques on electric power system控制电机electrical machine control调度自动化与能量管理energy management & automation灵活交流输电系统flexible AC transmission system计算机保护computer protection电力系统电磁兼容EMC in electric power system毕业实习graduation practice毕业设计graduation dissertation数字信号处理：Digital Signal Processing自动控制理论：Automatic Control Theory电气工程基础：Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering电磁场概论：Introduction to Electro-Magnetic Field计算机继电保护：Microcomputer-Based Relaying Protection电气设备的绝缘检测与故障诊断：Insulation Diagnostics and Troubl-Shooting for Electrical Installations电网规划：Power System Planning可编程控制器原理及应用：Principles of PLC (Programmable logic Controller) And Application电磁场数值计算：Numerical Computation of Electro-Magnetic Field电力系统继电保护：Relay Protection of Power System电力系统自动装置原理The Principle of Electric Power System Automatic Equipment电力通信系统及调度自动化：Power System Communication and Dispatching Automatic专业方向电气工程Electrical Engineering电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术High Voltage and Insulation Technology电力电子与电力传动Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术Electronics Science and Technology。

哲学Philosophy马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学Chinese Philosophy夕卜国哲学Foreig n Philosophies逻辑学Logic伦理学Ethics美学Aesthetics宗教学Scie nee of Religio n科学技术哲学Philosophy of Scie nee and Tech no logy经济学Econo mics理论经济学Theoretical Economics政治经济学Political Economy经济思想史History of Economic Thought经济史History of Econo mic西方经济学Western Economics世界经济World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学Populatio n, Resources andEn vir onmen tal Econo mics应用经济学Applied Economics国民经济学National Economics区域经济学Regional Economics财政学(含税收学) Public Finance (i ncludi ng Taxatio n)金融学(含保险学) Finance (in clud ing In sura nee)产业经济学In dustrial Econo mics国际贸易学International Trade劳动经济学Labor Economics统计学Statistics数量经济学Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学National Defense Economics法学Law法学Scie nee of Law法学理论Jurisprudenee法律史Legal History宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law刑法学Criminal Jurisprude nee民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学)Civil Law and Commercial Law (in clud ing Scie nee of Labour Law and Scie nee of Social Security Law )诉讼法学Scienee of Procedure Laws经济法学Scienee of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学Scienee of Environment and Natural Resources Protectio n Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、)Intern ati on al law (in clud ing Intern ati onal Public law,Intern ati onal Private Law and In ter nati onal Econo mic Law)军事法学Scienee of Military Law政治学Political Scie nee政治学理论Political Theory中外政治制度Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动Scie ntific Socialism and Intern ati onalCommunist Moveme nt中*史(含党的学说与党的建设)History of the Communist Party of Chi na(in cludi ng the Doctri ne of Chi na Party and Party Buildi ng)马克思主义理论与思想政治教育Educatio n of Marxist Theory and Educatio n in Ideology and Politics国际政治学International Politics国际关系学International Relations夕卜交学Diplomacy社会学Sociology社会学Sociology人口学Demography人类学Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学)Folklore (including Chinese FolkLiterature)民族学Eth nology民族学Eth nology马克思主义民族理论与政策Marxist Eth nic Theory and Policy 中国少数民族经济Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术Chinese Ethnic Art教育学Educatio n教育学Educati on Scie nee教育学原理Educational Principle课程与教学论Curriculum and Teachi ng Methodology教育史History of Education比较教育学Comparative Education学前教育学Pre-school Education高等教育学Higher Education成人教育学Adult Education职业技术教育学Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学Special Education教育技术学Education Technology心理学Psychology基础心理学Basic Psychology发展与心理学Developmental and Educational Psychology 应用心理学Applied Psychology体育学Scie nee of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学Humane and Sociological Scienee of Sports运动人体科学Human Movement Scienee体育教育训练学Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学Scienee of Ethnic Traditional Sports 文学Literature中国语言文学Chinese Literature文艺学Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学Lin guistics and Applied Lin guistics汉语言文字学Chinese Philology中国古典文献学Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学Moder n and Con temporary Chin ese Literature中国少数民族语言文学Chi nese Eth nic Lan guage and Literature比较文学与世界文学Comparative Literature and World Literature夕卜国语言文学Foreign Languages and 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and Con temporary Chin ese History 世界史World History 理学Natural Scie nee数学Mathematics基础数学Fun dame ntal Mathematics计算数学Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计Probability and Mathematical Statistics 应用数学Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论Operational Research and Cybernetics 物理学Physics理论物理Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理Plasma Physics凝聚态物理Con de nsed Matter Physics声学Acoustics光学Optics无线电物理Radio Physics化学Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学(含化学物理) Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)高分子化学与物理Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学Astronomy天体物理Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学Geography自然地理学Physical Geography人文地理学Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统Cartography and Geography In formation System大气科学Atmospheric Sciences气象学Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric En vir onment海洋科学Marine Scie nces物理海洋学Physical Oceanography海洋化学Mari ne Chemistry海洋生理学Marine Biology海洋地质学Marine Geology地球物理学Geophysics固体地球物理学Solid Earth Physics空间物理学Space Physics地质学Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化学Geochemistry古生物学与地层学(含古人类学) Paleo ntology and Stratigraphy (in cludi ng Paleoa nthropology)构造地质学Structural Geology第四纪地质学Quaternary Geology生物学Biology植物学Bota ny动物学Zoology生理学Physiology水生生物学Hydrobiology微生物学Microbiology神经生物学Neurobiology遗传学Gen etics发育生物学Developmental Biology细胞生物学Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学Biophysics生态学Ecology系统科学Systems Scienee系统理论Systems Theory系统分析与集成Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史History of Scie nee and Tech no logy工学Engin eeri ng力学Mecha nics一般力学与力学基础Gen eral and Fun dame ntal Mecha nics固体力学Solid Mechanics流体力学Fluid Mecha nics工程力学Engin eeri ng Mecha nics机械制造及其自动化Mecha ni cal Manu facture and Automation 机械工程Mecha ni cal Engin eeri ng机械电子工程Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程Vehicle Engineering光学工程Optical Engin eeri ng仪器科学与技术In strume nt Scie nee and Tech no logy精密仪器及机械Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器Measuri ng and Testi ng Tech no logies and In strume nts材料科学与工程Materials Scienee and Engineering材料物理与化学Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学Materialogy材料^口工工程Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程Metallurgical Engin eeri ng冶金物理化学Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理Power Engin eeri ng and Engin eeri ng Thermophysics工程热物理Engineering Thermophysics热能工程Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering 化工过程机械Chemical Process Equipment电气工程Electrical Engin eeri ng电机与电器Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化Power System and its Automati on 高电压与绝缘技术High Voltage and In sulati on Tech no logy 电力电子与电力传动Power Electr onics and Power Drives 电工理论与新技术Theory and New Tech no logy of Electrical Engin eeri ng电子科学与技术Electro nics Scie nee and Tech no logy物理电子学Physical Electronics电路与系统Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学Microelectro nics and Solid StateElectro nics电磁场与微波技术Electromagnetic Field and MicrowaveTech no logy信息与通信工程Information and Communication Engineering通信与信息系统Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程Control Scienee and Engineering检测技术与自动化装置Detection Tech no logy and Automatic Equipme nt控制理论与控制工程Control Theory and Control Engineering系统工程Systems Engin eeri ng模式识别与智能系统Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制Navigatio n, Guida nee and Co ntrol计算机科学与技术Computer Scie nee and Tech no logy计算机软件与理论Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术Computer Applied Technology建筑学Architecture建筑历史与理论Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计(含风景园林规划与设计) Urban Pla nning and Desig n (in clud ing Lan dscape Planning and Desig n)建筑技术科学Building Technology Scienee土木工程Civil Engin eeri ng岩土工程Geotech ni cal Engin eeri ng结构工程Structural Engin eeri ng市政工程Muni cipal Engin eeri ng供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程Heating, GasSupply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程Disaster Preve ntion and ReductionEngin eeri ng and Protective Engin eeri ng桥梁与隧道工程Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程Hydraulic Engin eeri ng水文学及水资源Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学Hydraulics and River Dyn amics水工结构工程Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering 测绘科学与技术Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程Geodesy and Survey Engin eer ing摄影测量与遥感Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术Chemical Engin eeri ng and Tech no logy化学工程Chemical Engin eeri ng化学工艺Chemical Tech no logy生物化工Biochemical Engin eeri ng应用化学Applied Chemistry工业催化In dustrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程Geological Resources and Geological 矿产普查与Engin eeri ng勘探Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration 地球探测与信息技术Geodetecti on and In formatio n Tech no logy 地质工程Geological Engin eeri ng矿业工程Min eral Engin eeri ng采矿工程Mining Engin eeri ng矿物加工工程Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程Safety Tech no logy and Engin eeri ng石油与天然气工程Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering纺织科学与工程Textile Scienee and Engineering纺织工程Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计Textile Material a nd Textiles Desig n纺织化学与染整工程Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engin eeri ng服装设计与工程Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程The Light In dustry Tech no logy and Engin eeri ng 制浆造纸工程Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程Sugar Engin eeri ng发酵工程Ferme ntati on Engin eeri ng交通运输工程Communication and Transportation Engineering皮革化学与工程Leather Chemistry and Engineering道路与铁道工程Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制Traffic Information Engineering & Control交通运输规戈U与管理Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造Desig n and Co nstruction of Naval Architecture and Ocea n Structure轮机工程Marine Engine Engin eeri ng水声工程Un derwater Acoustics Engin eeri ng航空宇航科学与技术Aeronautical and Astronautical Scienee and Tech no logy飞行器设计Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程Aerospace Propulsion Theory andEngin eeri ng航空宇航器制造工程Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术Armame nt Scie nee and Tech no logy武器系统与运用工程Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering 兵器发射理论与技术Armame nt Launch Theory and Tech no logy火炮、自动武器与弹药工程Artillery, Automatic Gun andAmmun iti on Engin eeri ng军事化学与烟火技术Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术Nuclear Scie nee and Tech no logy核能科学与工程Nuclear Energy Scienee and Engineering 核燃料循环与材料Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials 核技术及应用Nuclear Tech no logy and Applicati ons 辐射防护及环境保护Radiation and Environmental Protection 农业工程Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程Agricultural Biological En viro nmental and En ergy Engin eeri ng农业电气化与自动化Agricultural Electrification andAutomati on林业工程Forestry Engin eeri ng森林工程Forest Engin eeri ng木材科学与技术Wood Scie nee and Tech no logy林产化学^口工工程Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程Environmental Scienee and Engineering环境科学En viro nmen tal Scie nee环境工程En viro nmen tai Engin eeri ng生物医学工程Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程Food Scienee and Engineering食品科学Food Seie nee粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engin eeri ng农产品加工及贮藏工程Processi ng and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程Processi ng and Storage of Aquatic Products农学Agriculture作物学Crop Scie nee作物栽培学与耕作学Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学Horticulture果树学Pomology蔬菜学Olericulture茶学Tea Scie nee农业资源利用学Utilization Scienee of Agricultural Resources土壤学Soil Scie nee植物营养学Plant Nutrition植物保护学Plant Protection植物病理学Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control农药学Pesticide Scie nee畜牧学Animal Scienee动物遗传育种与繁殖Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Scie nee动物营养与饲料科学Animal Nutrition and Feed Scienee草业科学Practaculture Scie nee特种经济动物饲养学(含蚕、蜂等) The Reari ng of Special-type Econo micAn imals (in clud ing Silkworm, Hon eybees, etc.)兽医学Veteri nary Medic ine基础兽医学Basic Veter in ary Medici ne预防兽医学Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学Cli nical Veter in ary Medici ne林学Forestry林木遗传育种学Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学Silviculture森林保护学Forest Protection森林经理学Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用Wildlife Con servation and Utilization园林植物与观赏园艺Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治Soil and Water Co nservation andDesertification Combating水产学Fisheries Scie nee水产养殖学Aquaculture Scienee捕捞学Fishi ng Scie nee渔业资源学Scienee of Fisheries Resources医学Medici ne基础医学Basic Medici ne人体解剖与组织胚胎学Human An atomy, Histology and Embryology 免疫学Immuno logy病原生物学Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学Fore nsic Medici ne放射医学Radiatio n Medici ne航空航天与航海医学Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学Clinical Medicine内科学(含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学)Internal medicine (in cludi ng Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory,Gastroe nterology, En docri no logy and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, In fectious Diseases)儿科学Pediatrics老年医学Geriatrics 神经病学Neurology精神病与精神卫生学Psychiatry and Men tal Health皮肤病与性病学Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学Nurs ing外科学(含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学) Surgery (Gen eral Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, CardiothoracicSurgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学Obstetrics and Gyn ecology眼科学Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学Otolaryngology肿瘤学On cology康复医学与理疗学Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy运动医学Sports Medicine麻醉学Anesthesiology急诊医学Emerge ncy Medic ine口腔医学Stomatology口腔基础医学Basic Scienee of Stomatology口腔临床医学Clinical Scienee of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学Public Health and Preve ntive Medic ine 流行病与卫生统计学Epidemiology and Health Statistics 劳动卫生与环境卫生学Occupati onal and En vir onmen tal Health 营养与食品卫生学Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学Maternal, Child and Adolesce nt Health 卫生毒理学Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学Military Preventive Medicine中医学Chi nese Medic ine中医基础理论Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础Cli nical Fou ndation of Ch in ese Medic ine中医医史文献History and Literature of Chinese Medicine 方剂学Formulas of Chin ese Medici ne中医诊断学Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学Chi nese In ter nal Medici ne中医外科学Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学Gyn ecology of Chi nese Medici ne中医儿科学Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of ChineseMedici ne针灸推拿学Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medici ne民族医学Eth no medic ine中西医结合医学Ch in ese and Wester n In tegrative Medic ine中西医结合基础医学Basic Discipli ne of Chi nese and WesternIn tegrative中西医结合临床医学Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western In tegrative Medic ine药学Pharmaceutical Scie nee药物化学Medic in al Chemistry药剂学Pharmaceutics生药学Pharmacog nosy药物分析学Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学Pharmacology中药学Scie nee of Chin ese Pharmacology军事学Military Scie nee军事思想学及军事历史学Military Thought and Military History军事思想学Military Thought军事历史学Military History战略学Scie nee of Strategy军事战略学Military Strategy战争动员学War Mobilization战役学Scie nee of Operati ons联合战役学Joi nt Operation军种战役学(含第二炮兵战役学) Armed Service Operation (in cludi ng Operatio n of Strategic Missile Force)战术学Scie nee of Tactics合同战术学Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学Branch Tactics军队指挥学Scie nee of Comma nd作战指挥学Combat Comma nd军事运筹学Military Operation Research军事通信学Military Communication军事情报学Military Intelligenee密码学Cryptography军事教育训练学(含军事体育学) Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Trai ning)军制学Scie nee of Military System军事组织编制学Military Organizational System军队管理学Military Management军队政治工作学Scienee of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学Scie nee of Military Logistics and Military Equipme nt军事后勤学Military Logistics后方专业勤务Rear Special Service军事装备学Military Equipment管理学Man ageme nt Scie nee管理科学与工程Management Scienee and Engineering工商管理学Scie nee of Busin ess Admi nistratio n会计学Accounting企业管理学(含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学)Corporate Man ageme nt (in cludi ng Finan cial Man ageme nt, Marketi ng, and Huma n Resources Man ageme nt)旅游管理学Tourist Management技术经济及管理学Tech no logy Economy and Man ageme nt农林经济管理学Agricultural and Forestry Economics &Man ageme nt农业经济管理学Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学Scienee of Public Management行政管理学Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学Social Medici ne and Health 教育经济与管理学Educational Economy and Management 社会保障学Social Security土地资源管理学Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学Scie nee of Library, I nformatio n and Archival Man ageme nt图书馆学Library Scie nee 情报学Information Science 档案学Archival Science。