Android手机外文翻译---应用程序基础Android Developers

毕业设计外文翻译英文原文：Try This Run the API Demos Sample ApplicationUsing Eclipse, load the API Demos application as a New Android Project. To do this,select File | New | Project from the Eclipse menu bar; a New Android Project wizardopens. Do not worry about the options in this wizard for now. Simply select CreateProject From Existing Source and browse to the folder with the API Demo applicationin it. When the project is loaded, choose Run to see it execute in the Android Emulator.Navigate your way through the more than 40 different applications. Use eachapplication to become familiar with the terminology and function of each API toolit demonstrates.Hello, Activity!The Hello, Activity! application, shown in the following illustration, is a simple Hello World!–style application. Though simple in its design, Hello, Activity! does a good job of showing off the abilities of the platform. You will create your own Hello World!–style applications in the next chapter.Lunar LanderLunar Lander, shown next, is a small game that plays on the Android Emulator. Lunar Lander shows how a simple 2-D game works on Android. The controls are fairly simple, and the game is not very complex. However, given these drawbacks, it is a great starter for game development. Lunar Lander implements a simple control scheme (Up, Down, Left, and Right).The game also displays relatively fluid graphics and looks impressive given the platform. Complex game theories such as collision detection are used in a simple way. Although this book does not cover programming games for the Android platform, if you are interested in doing so, you may want to look at Lunar Lander for some tipNote PadNote Pad, as shown in the illustration that follows, allows you to open, create, and edit small notes. Note Pad is not a full-featured word editor, so do not expect it to be something to rival Word for Windows Mobile. However, it does a good job as a demonstration tool to show what is possible with a relatively small amount of code.Skeleton AppSkeleton App, shown next, is an application shell. This is more of a base application that demonstrates a couple of different application features, such as fonts, buttons, images, and forms. If you are going to run Skeleton App by itself, you really are not going to get much out of it. You will be better served by referring to Skeleton App as a resource for how to implement specific items.SnakeThe final demo that I included with the Android SDK is Snake. This is a small, SNAFU-style game that is far more simplistic than Lunar Lander. This illustration shows what Snake looks like when run..NOTEIf you navigate to the base folder of each of the sample applications, you will see afolder namedsrc. This is the source code folder for the given sample application. You can use this to view, edit, and recompile the code for any of the applications. Take advantage of this source code to learn some tricks and tips about the Android platform.Android ToolsThe Android SDK supplies developers with a number of powerful and useful tools. Throughout this book, you will use only a handful of them directly. This section takes a quick look at just a few of these tools, which will be covered in much more depth in the following chapters, as you dive into command-line development.NOTEFor more detailed information about the other tools included in the Android SDK, consult the Android doc files.emulator.exeArguably one of the most important tools included in the Android SDK is emulator.exe. emulator.exe launches the Android Emulator. The Android Emulator is used toyou're your applications in a pseudo-Android environment. Given that, as of the writing of this book, there were no hardware devices yet released for the Android platform, emulator.exe is going to be your only means to test applications on a ―native‖ platform.You can run emulator.exe from the command line or execute it from within Eclipse. In this book, you’ll usually let Eclipse launch the Android Emulator environment for you. However, in the interest of giving you all the information you need to program with the Android SDK outside of Eclipse, Chapter 6 covers command-line usage of emulator.exe when you create your Hello World! applications.When using the Android Emulator to test your applications, you have two choices for navigating the user interface. First, the emulator comes with usable buttons, as shown in Figure 4-1. You can use these buttons to navigate Android and any applications that you develop for the platform.TIPThe Power On/Off, V olume Up, and V olume Down buttons are slightly hidden to the sides of the virtual device. They identify themselves when you hover the mouse pointer over them. Given that many higher-end phones now include a touch screen, the second input choice you have when using the emulator is a simulated touch screen. You use your mouse as a stylus. The objects on the emulator’s screen can be interacted with using the mouse.adb.exeAnother tool that will become very useful to you when you are using command-line programming is Android Debug Bridge or adb (adb.exe). This tool allows you to issue commands to the Emulator.exe tool. When you are working in a command-line environment, the adb tool allows you to do the following:● Start and stop the server● Install and uninstall applications● Move files to and from the emulatorMKSDCARD.exeMKSDCARD.exe is a very useful tool if you are testing an application that will need to read or write files to or from an SD Memory Card inserted into the mobile device. MKSDCARD.exe creates a small partition drive on your drive that will hold and retain the test files. The emulator will treat this partition like an SD Memory Card.DX.exeDX.exe is the compiler of the Android SDK. When run against your Java files, DX.exe will create files with .dex extensions—Dalvik executable format. These files are in the correct format to be understood by, and run on, an Android device.NOTEAndroid executable files are called Dalvik executable files as a reference to the Dalvik virtual machine that Android used to run all applications. The Dalvik virtual machine runs each application in its own thread with the same priority as core Android applications. activityCreator(.bat or .pn)activityCreator is a simple command-line tool that is used to set up a basic development environment. When run from the command line, activityCreator will set up the shell files needed to create a basic Android application. Having these shell files is especially useful if you are not using Eclipse. The Android plugin for Eclipse sets up these shell files for you by calling the activityCreator when you create a new project. Depending on what type of environment you are running, you will see the activityCreator represented by a different type of script file. If you are in a Windows environment, this will be a .bat file; otherwise it will be a python (.pn) script. You simply execute the script, which in turn calls the actual activityCreator process with the correct parameters.APIsThe API, or application programming interface, is the core of the Android SDK. An API is a collection of functions, methods, properties, classes, and libraries that is used by application developers to create programs that work on specific platforms. The Android API contains all the specific information that you need to create applications that can work on and interact with an Android-based application.The Android SDK also contains two supplementary sets of APIs—the Google APIs and the Optional APIs. Subsequent chapters will focus much more on these APIs as you begin writing applications that utilize them. For now, take a quick look at what they include so that you are familiar with their uses.Google API sThe Google APIs are included in the Android SDK and contain the programming references that allow you to tie your applications into existing Google services. If you are writing an Android application and want to allow your user to access Google services through your application, you need to include the Google API.Located in the android.jar file, the Google API is contained within the com.google.* package. There are quite a few packages that are included with the Google API. Some of the packages that are shipped in the Google API include those for graphics, portability, contacts, and calendar utilities. However, the packages devoted to Google Maps will be the primary focus in this book. Using the com.google.android.maps package, which contains information for Google Maps, you can create applications that interact seamlessly with the already familiar interface of Google Maps. This one set of packages opens a whole world of useful applications just waiting to be created. The Google API also contains a useful set of packages that allows you to take advantage of the newer Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) developed by the Jabber open source community. Using XMPP, applications can quickly become aware of other clients’ presence and availability for the purpose of messaging and communications. The API packages dealing withXMPP are very useful if you want to create a ―chat‖-style program that utilizes the phone messaging capabilities.Optional APIsThe Android SDK includes a number of Optional APIs that cover functionality not covered by the standard Android APIs. These Optional APIs are considered optional because they deal with functionality that may or may not be present on a given handset device. That is, some devices created for the Android platform may include upgrades and features that others do not; the Optional APIs cover your programming options when trying to utilize these features in your Android applications.One of these optional features (which you will use later in the book) is a cell-phone-based GPS. The Android LBS (Location-Based Services) API deals with the functionality needed to receive and utilize information from a device’s GPS unit. (Combine the information in the Android LBS API with that in the Google Maps API, and you might have a very useful application that can automatically display a map of where you are located at any given point in time.)Other Optional APIs include those for utilizing Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, playing MP3s, and accessing 3-D—OpenGL-enable hardware.Application Life CycleIf you have a decent amount of experience as an application developer, you are familiar with the concept of an application life cycle. An application life cycle consists of the steps that the application’s processes must follow from execution to termination. Every application, regardless of the language it was written in, has a specific life cycle, and Android applications are no exception. This section examines the life cycle of an ASP application and compares that to an Android application’s life cycle.Standard ASP Application Life CycleThe life cycle of a standard ASP application is similar enough to that of an Android application to make this a good comparison. ASP applications step through five distinct processes from launch to disposal. These steps are required to be implemented by all ASP applications, and really define what an ASP application is. The steps, in order, are1. Application_Start2. Event3. HTTPApplication.Init4. Disposal5. Application_EndChapter 4: Exploring the Android SDK 4950 Android: A P rogrammer’s GuideTIPSome ASP reference materials consider Disposal and Application_End to be one step in the life cycle. However, the Disposal call can be intercepted before it is passed to Application_End. This can allow the application to perform specific functions beforeit is actually destroyed.Application_Start is called when the application is requested from the server. This process in turn leads into the Event process(es). When all associated application modules have loaded, HTTPApplication.Init is called. The application executes its events, and when the user attempts to close it, Dispose is called. Dispose then passes processing on to the Application_End process,which closes the application.This is a fairly standard application life cycle. Most applications follow similar life cycles: an application is created, loaded, has events, and is destroyed. The following section demonstrates how this compares to the Android application life cycle.Android Application Life CycleThe Android application life cycle is unique in that the system controls much of the life cycle of the application. All Android applications, or Activities, are run within their own process. All of the running processes are watched by Android and, depending on how the activity is running (this is, a foreground activity, background activity, and so forth), Android may choose to end the activity to reclaim needed resources.NOTEWhen deciding whether an activity should be shut down, Android takes into account several factors, such as user input, memory usage, and processing time.Some of the specific methods called during the life cycle of an android activity are● onCreate● onStart● Process-specific events (for example: launching activities or accessing a database)● onStop● onDes troyFollowing the same logic as other application life cycles, an Android application is created, the processes are started, events are fired, processes are stopped, and the application is destroyed. Though there are a few differences, many application developers should be comfortable with the steps in the life cycle.文献出处:DiMarzio,J.F.Android: A Programmer's Guide[M].McGraw-Hill Prof Med/Tech, 2008:41-50译文：运行API样本示例应用程序使用Eclipse，装载API示例应用现场作为一个Android项目。

首先需要root文件管理器，其次手机需要取得root权限，有root权限后，直接用文件管理进入/system /app 里删除对应的.apk。

*Accountprovider账号管理器ApkManager.apk APK安装器（即N多安装器）advancedsettings.apk高级设置AlarmClock闹钟AndroidSyncService系统同步服务AndroidUI索尼爱立信X10UI界面程序appinstaller.apk app安装器*ApplicationsProvider程序管理器AutoSettingDispatcher自动设置修补bootinfo启动信息Bluetooth.apk蓝牙（删了就没有蓝牙了）Browser自带浏览器Bugreport.apk Bug报告btoppservice蓝牙设置服务Calculator系统自带计算器Calendar系统自带日历程序CalendarProvider系统自带日历管理器*Camera系统自带相机CapabilitySetupReceiver接收器安装能力*CertInstaller.apk证书服务CdfInfoAccessor CDF信息访问器*Contacts联系人储存CredMgrService CredMgr服务*DefaultContainerService.apk默认通讯录服务DeskClock.apk自带闹钟（用第三方闹钟的可删）DigitalClock数字时钟*DownloadProvider下载管理器*DrmProvider DRM信息管理器SPManager.apk DSP音频管理（兴哥集成在设置里面，我不太使用这个，删了EMAIL伊妹儿。

Emeual（干什么用的我毫不知情）EnhancedGooglesearchProvider增强谷歌搜索管理器Fcebook非死不可FaceRecognition脸部识别程序（MS里面看照片的时候可以关联联系人）filemanager.apk文件管理FileCopier文件复制器Fota FOTA解决方案Generic-app-Installer全球版的APK安装器GlobalSearch全球搜索Gmail谷歌MAILGmailProvider GMAIL管理器Gallery3D.apk 3D浏览器（嫌弃它速度慢的，可删）GenieWidget.apk天气与新闻（我自己不用他看新闻，删了）GoogleApps谷歌程序googlebackuptransport.apkgooglecheckin.apkgooglecheckinhelper.apkGoogleFeedback.apk***（据说删除后开机会提示googlefeedback.apk，不过我删了没什么副作用）googlepartnersrtup.apk Google助手（删了没感觉有特殊）GoogleCalendarSyncAdapter.apk存储日历信息（删了没感觉有特殊）GoogleContactsSyncAdapter.apk存储联系人信息（怕影响到联系人未删，但兴哥精简版已经删了）GoogleCheckin谷歌签入程序GoogleContactsProvider谷歌联系人管理器GooglePartnerSetup谷歌好友设置GoogleSearch谷歌搜索GoogleQuickSearchBox.apk谷歌搜索（删了影响到桌面的搜索插件）GoogleServicesFramework.apk同步支持服务（删了不能同步联系人，不能登录google）GoogleSettingProvider谷歌设置管理器GoogleSubscribedFeedsProvider谷歌同步管理器GooglePinyinIME.apk Google拼音（用其他输入法的可删）gtalkservice GTALK服务HTMLViewer HTM查看器hidialer.apk 智能拨号himarket.apk 安卓市场kickback.apk辅助功能LearningClientLauncher2.apk 2.2原生桌面（用ADW和PRO的可删，删了以后第三方桌面要在开机以后从电脑安装，91，豌豆助手都可）LiveWallpapersPicker.apk 动态壁纸（可删，反正G2跑起来不怎么样）im.apk即使通讯组件包含MSN、yahoo通implugin.apkImProvider gtalk管理器Launcher主页面程序MAPS谷歌地图MarketUpdater电子市场更新程序*MediaProvider媒体管理器Mediascape大名鼎鼎的MediascapeMediascapePluginManager Media插件管理器MediaUploader媒体更新器Metadatacleanup元数据清除器MMS短信和彩信程序Moixer 烦人的moixer程序NUSIC原生音乐播放器nDuoaDialer.apk N多拨号（可删，自带的就可以了）nDuoaMarket.apk N多市场（可删，电子市场对我够了）nDuoaSettings.apk N多设置组件1（最好不要删，很不错的高级设置，兴哥集成在了设置里面）nDuoaSettingsAddon.apk N多设置组件2（最好不要删，很不错的高级设置）nDuoaSettingsHelper.apk N多设置组件3（最好不要删，很不错的高级设置）NetworkLocation纵横程序，显示地点officesuite office套件，可看PDFOneTimeInitializer.apk***（不明物体，删了没什么副作用）*PackgeInstaller APK安装器PcCompanionInstaller PcCompanion的安装程序，在设置>应用程序>里面就有勾选的选项*Phone电话程序Phonebook电话簿PhoneGuard.apk拨号卫士（可删，类似来电通等的）PicoTts语音程序Playnowarena PLAY NOW程序Playnowarena_updater PLAY NOW的更新程序PNPWizard PNP设置向导PrisonBreak.apk越狱（翻qiang用的）Protips.apk***（不明物体，删了无副作用）*QuickMgr.apk一键设置（长按menu的后弹出的那个，不要删，删了以后长安menu会FC）Readsdcard TF卡的系统读取程序se-support-rachael索尼爱立信的帮助程序SemcCameraApplication SE照相机增强程序（给自带的照相机加入各种模式）SemcIme系统自带输入法SemcSetupWiazard索尼爱立信设置向导SEMCTouchPalChinese索尼爱立信中文触摸输入法SEMCTouchPalKrea索尼爱立信韩语触摸输入法ServiceMenu服务菜单*Setting设置程序*SettingProvider设置管理器（储存手机设置里的一些设定）*SetupWizard第一次开机的开机向导SnsContactImageCacheProvider SNS联系人头像缓存管理器SMSPopup.apk短信泡泡（就是短信来时弹出的那个，其实就是个弹出框架，可用chomp 替换）soundback.apk辅助功能（可删）SoundRecorder录音机STK SIM卡工具Street谷歌地图的街景模式*superuser.apk超级用户systemupdater.apk系统升级TALK gtalk主体程序（可删，删了没有电子市场上）*TelephonyProvider电话管理器Timescape大名鼎鼎的TimesacpeTimescapePluginManager Timescape插件管理器TimescapeProivder Timescape管理器TimesacpeTheme****各种颜色的Timescape主题TrackID有名的TrackIDTerm.apk超级终端（可删，不过不建议，可以用来刷recovery）TtsService语音输入服务Updater.apk在线升级（可删）UserDictionaryProvider用户字典管理器（就是系统自带输入法的用户自定义词组管理器）Vending电子市场VoiceDialer语音拨号程序VoiceSearch语音搜索程序VpnService虚拟专用网服务WebMediaProvider网页媒体管理器Wiper擦除数据程序（恢复出厂设置用的）YouTube大名鼎鼎的Youtube客户端删除不必要的程序，可以增加手机内存顶帖子是为了让更多的朋友看到，好东西要分享！谢谢！注意：带*的千万不要删!!!切记！！！。

Android开发指南中文版‐应用程序框架Android Developers本文是对Android SDK1.5版的英文开发资料Android Development Guide一文应用程序框架部分的翻译，覆盖了Android应用开发所有主要的概念。

部分内容整理自网络。

本文仅用于技术学习，请勿用于商业用途。

目录应用程序基础ApplicationFundamentals (4)关键类............................................................................ (4)应用程序组件............................................................................ (5)激活组件：intent........................................................................ (7)关闭组件............................................................................ (7)manifest文件............................................................................ (8)Intent过滤器............................................................................ (8)Activity和任务............................................................................ (10)Affinity（吸引力）和新任务 (11)加载模式............................................................................ (12)清理堆栈............................................................................ (13)启动任务............................................................................ (14)进程和线程............................................................................ (14)进程............................................................................ (15)线程............................................................................ (15)远程过程调用............................................................................ (15)线程安全方法............................................................................ (16)组件生命周期............................................................................ (17)Activity生命周期............................................................................ (17)调用父类............................................................................ (18)服务生命周期............................................................................ (21)广播接收器生命周期............................................................................ (22)进程与生命周期............................................................................ (22)用户界面User Interface..................................................................... (24)视图层次View Hierarchy..................................................................... (24)布局Layout........................................................................ (25)部件Widgets....................................................................... (26)用户界面事件UI Events........................................................................ (26)菜单Menus......................................................................... (26)高级话题Advanced Topics........................................................................ (27)适配器Adapter....................................................................... (27)风格与主题Styles and Themes (27)资源和资产Resources and Assets (28)资源引用Resource Reference.....................................................................43国际化和本地化Internationalization andLocalization (43)意图和意图过滤器Intents and IntentFilters (43)意图过滤器Intent filters....................................................................... (47)通常情况Common cases..........................................................................51使用意图匹配Using intentmatching (52)数据存储Data Storage....................................................................... (52)概览Storagequickview..................................................................... (52)系统偏好：快速，轻量级存储 (52)文件：存储到设备内部或可移动闪存 (52)数据库：任意的结构化存储 (52)支持基于网络的存储............................................................................ (52)系统偏好Preferences................................................................... (53)文件Files......................................................................... (54)数据库Databases..................................................................... (54)网络Network....................................................................... (55)内容提供器Content Providers..................................................................... (55)内容提供器的基础知识Content ProviderBasics (55)查询一个内容提供器Querying a ContentProvider (57)修改数据Modifying Data.......................................................................... (61)创建一个内容提供器Creating a ContentProvider (64)Content URI 总结............................................................................ (67)清单文件The AndroidManifest.xmlFile (68)清单文件结构Structure of the ManifestFile (68)文件约定File Conventions................................................................... (70)文件特性File Features...................................................................... (73)应用程序基础Application Fundamentals关键类1. Activity2. Service3. BroadcastReceiver4. ContentProvider5. IntentAndroid应用程序使用Java做为开发语言。

外文原文Beginning AndroidMark L. Murphy writeUsing XML-Based LayoutsW hile it is technically possible to create and attach widgets to our activity purely through Java code, the way we did in Chapter 4, the more common approach is to use an XML-based layout file. Dynamic instantiation of widgets is reserved for more complicated scenarios, where the widgets are not known at compile-time (e g., populating a column of radio buttons based on data retrieved off the Internet).With that in mind, it’s time to brea k out the XML and learn how to lay out Android activities that way.What Is an XML-Based Layout?As the name suggests, an XML-based layout is a specification of widgets’ relationships to each other—and to their containers (more on this in Chapter 7)—encoded in XML format. Specifically, Android considers XML-based layouts to be resources, and as such layout files are stored in the res/layout directory inside your Android project.Each XML file contains a tree of elements specifying a layout of widgets and their containers that make up one view hierarchy. The attributes of the XML elements are properties, describing how a widget should look or how a container should behave. For example, if a Button element has an attribute value of android:textStyle = "bold", that means that the text appearing on the face of the button should be rendered in a boldface font style.Android’s SDK ships with a tool (aapt) which uses the layouts. This tool should be automatically invoked by your Android tool chain (e.g., Eclips e, Ant’s build.xml). Of particular importance to you as a developer is that aapt generates the R.java source file within your project, allowing you to access layouts and widgets within those layouts directly from your Java code.Why Use XML-Based Layouts?Most everything you do using XML layout files can be achieved through Java code. For example, you could use setTypeface() to have a button render its text in bold, instead of using a property in an XML layout. Since XML layouts are yet another file for you to keep track of, we need good reasons for using such files.Perhaps the biggest reason is to assist in the creation of tools for view definition, such as a GUI builder in an IDE like Eclipse or a dedicated Android GUI designer like DroidDraw1. Such GUI builders could, in principle, generate Java code instead of XML. The challenge is re-reading the UI definition to support edits—that is far simpler if the data is in a structured format like XML than in a programming language. Moreover, keeping generated XML definitions separated from hand-written Java code makes it less likely that somebody’s custom-crafted source will get clobbered by accident when the generated bits get re-generated. XML forms a nice middle ground between something that is easy for tool-writers to use and easy for programmers to work with by hand as needed.Also, XML as a GUI definition format is becoming more commonplace. Microsoft’s XAML2, Adobe’s Flex3, and Mozilla’s XUL4all take a similar approach to that of Android: put layout details in an XML file and put programming smarts in source files (e.g., JavaScript for XUL). Many less-well-known GUI frameworks, such as ZK5, also use XML for view definition. While “following the herd” is not necessarily the best policy, it does have the advantage of helping to ease the transition into Android from any other XML-centered view description language.OK, So What Does It Look Like?Here is the Button from the previous chapter’s sample application, converted into an XMLlayout file, found in the Layouts/NowRedux sample project. This code sample along with all others in this chapter can be found in the Source Code area of .<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><Button xmlns:android="/apk/res/android"android:id="@+id/button"android:text=""android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"/>The class name of the widget—Button—forms the name of the XML element. Since Button is an Android-supplied widget, we can just use the bare class name. If you create your own widgets as subclasses of android.view.View, you would need to provide a full package declara tion as well.The root element needs to declare the Android XML namespace:xmlns:android="/apk/res/android"All other elements will be children of the root and will inherit that namespace declaration.Because we want to reference this button from our Java code, we need to give it an identifier via the android:id attribute. We will cover this concept in greater detail later in this chapter.The remaining attributes are properties of this Button instance:• android:text indicates the initial text to be displayed on the button face (in this case, an empty string)• android:layout_width and andr oid:layout_height tell Android to have the button’swidth and height fill the “parent”, in this case the entire screen—these attributes will be covered in greater detail in Chapter 7.Since this single widget is the only content in our activity, we only need this single element. Complex UIs will require a whole tree of elements, representing the widgets and containers that control their positioning. All the remaining chapters of this book will use the XML layout form whenever practical, so there are dozens of other examples of more complex layouts for you to peruse from Chapter 7 onward.What’s with the @ Signs?Many widgets and containers only need to appear in the XML layout fileand do not need to be referenced in your Java code. For example, a static label (TextView) frequently only needs to be in the layout file to indicate where it should appear. These sorts of elements in the XML file do not need to have the android:id attribute to give them a name.Anything you do want to use in your Java source, though, needs an android:id.The convention is to use @+id/... as the id value, where the ... represents your locallyunique name for the widget in question. In the XML layout example in the preceding section, @+id/button is the identifier for the Button widget.Android provides a few special android:id values, of the form @android:id/.... We will see some of these in various chapters of this book, such as Chapters 8 and 10.We Attach These to the Java How?Given that you have painstakingly set up the widgets and containers in an XML layout filenamed main.xml stored in res/layout, all you need is one statement in your activity’s onCreate() callback to use that layout:setContentView(yout.main);This is the same setContentView() we used earlier, passing it an instance of a View subclass (in that case, a Button). The Android-built view, constructed from our layout, is accessed from that code-generated R class. All of the layouts are accessible under yout, keyed by the base name of the layout file—main.xml results in yout.main.To access our identified widgets, use findViewById(), passing in the numeric identifier of the widget in question. That numeric identifier was generated by Android in the R class asR.id.something (where something is the specific widget you are seeking). Those widgets are simply subclasses of View, just like the Button instance we created in Chapter 4.The Rest of the StoryIn the original Now demo, the button’s face would show the current time, which would reflect when the button was last pushed (or when the activity was first shown, if the button had not yet been pushed).Most of that logic still works, even in this revised demo (NowRedux). However, rather than instantiating the Button in our activity’s onCreate() c allback, we can reference the one from the XML layout:package youts;import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button; import java.util.Date;public class NowRedux extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener { Button btn;@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle);setContentView(yout.main);btn=(Button)findViewById(R.id.button);btn.setOnClickListener(this);upda teTime();}public void onClick(View view) { updateTime();}private void updateTime() {btn.setText(new Date().toString()); }}The first difference is that rather than setting the content view to be a view we created in Java code, we set it to reference the XML layout (setContentView(yout.main)). The R.java source file will be updated when we rebuild this project to include a reference to our layout file (stored as main.xml in our project’s res/layout directory).The other difference is that we need to get our hands on our Button instance, for which we use the findViewById() call. Since we identified our button as@+id/button, we can reference the button’s identifier as R.id.button. Now, with the Button instance in hand, we can set the callback and set the label as needed.As you can see in Figure 5-1, the results look the same as with the original Now demo.Figure 5-1. The NowRedux sample activityEmploying Basic WidgetsE very GUI toolkit has some basic widgets: fields, labels, buttons, etc. Android’s toolkit is no different in scope, and the basic widgets will provide a good introduction as to how widgets work in Android activities.Assigning LabelsThe simplest widget is the label, referred to in Android as a TextView. Like in most GUI toolkits, labels are bits of text not editable directly by users. Typically, they are used to identify adjacent widgets (e.g., a “Name:” label before a field where one fills in a name).In Java, you can create a label by creating a TextView instance. More commonly, though, you will create labels in XML layout files by adding a TextView element to the layout, with an android:text property to set the value of the label itself. If you need to swap labels based on certain criteria, such as internationalization, you may wish to use a resource reference in the XML instead, as will be described in Chapter 9. TextView has numerous other properties of relevance for labels, such as:• android:typeface to set the typeface to use for the label (e.g., monospace)• an droid:textStyle to indicate that the typeface should be made bold (bold), italic (italic),or bold and italic (bold_italic)• android:textColor to set the color of the label’s text, in RGB hex format (e.g., #FF0000 for red)For example, in the Basic/Label project, you will find the following layout file:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><TextView xmlns:android=/apk/res/androidandroid:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="You were expecting something profound?" />As you can see in Figure 6-1, just that layout alone, with the stub Java source provided by Android’s project builder (e.g., activityCreator), gives youthe application.Figure 6-1. The LabelDemo sample applicationButton, Button, Who’s Got the Button?We’ve already seen the use of the Button widget in Chapters 4 and 5. As it turns out, Button is a subclass of TextView, so everything discussed in the preceding section in terms of formatting the face of the button still holds. Fleeting ImagesAndroid has two widgets to help you embed images in your activities: ImageView and ImageButton. As the names suggest, they are image-based analogues to TextView and Button, respectively.Each widget takes an android:src attribute (in an XML layout) to specify what picture to use. These usually reference a drawable resource, described ingreater detail in the chapter on resources. You can also set the image content based on a Uri from a content provider via setImageURI().ImageButton, a subclass of ImageView, mixes in the standard Button behaviors, for responding to clicks and whatnot.For example, take a peek at the main.xml layout from the Basic/ImageView sample project which is found along with all other code samples at :<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><ImageView xmlns:android=/apk/res/androidandroid:id="@+id/icon"android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"android:adjustViewBounds="true"android:src="@drawable/molecule" />The result, just using the code-generated activity, is shown in Figure 6-2.Figure 6-2. The ImageViewDemo sample applicationFields of Green. Or Other Colors.Along with buttons and labels, fields are the third “anchor” of most GUI toolkits. In Android, they are implemented via the EditText widget, which is a subclass of the TextView used for labels.Along with the standard TextView properties (e.g., android:textStyle), EditText has many others that will be useful for you in constructing fields, including:• android:autoText, to control if the field should provide automatic spelling assistance• androi d:capitalize, to control if the field should automatically capitalize the first letter of entered text (e.g., first name, city)• android:digits, to configure the field to accept only certain digits• android:singleLine, to control if the field is for single-line input or multiple-line input (e.g., does <Enter> move you to the next widget or add a newline?)Beyond those, you can configure fields to use specialized input methods, such asandroid:numeric for numeric-only input, android:password for shrouded password input,and android:phoneNumber for entering in phone numbers. If you want to create your own input method scheme (e.g., postal codes, Social Security numbers), you need to create your own implementation of the InputMethod interface, then configure the field to use it via android: inputMethod.For example, from the Basic/Field project, here is an XML layout file showing an EditText:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><EditTextxmlns:android=/apk/res/androidandroid:id="@+id/field"android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"android:singleLine="false" />Note that android:singleLine is false, so users will be able to enter in several lines of text. For this project, the FieldDemo.java file populates the input field with some prose:package monsware.android.basic;import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.widget.EditText;public class FieldDemo extends Activity { @Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle);setContentView(yout.main);EditText fld=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.field);fld.setText("Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 " + "(the \"License\"); you may not use this file " + "except in compliance with the License. You may " + "obtain a copy of the License at " +"/licenses/LICENSE-2.0");}}The result, once built and installed into the emulator, is shown in Figure 6-3.Figure 6-3. The FieldDemo sample applicationNote Android’s emulator only allows one application in the launcher per unique Java package. Since all the demos in this chapter share the monsware.android.basic package, you will only see one of these demos in your emulator’s launcher at any one time.Another flavor of field is one that offers auto-completion, to help users supply a value without typing in the whole text. That is provided in Android as the AutoCompleteTextView widget and is discussed in Chapter 8.Just Another Box to CheckThe classic checkbox has two states: checked and unchecked. Clicking the checkbox toggles between those states to indicate a choice (e.g., “Add rush delivery to my order”). In Android, there is a CheckBox widget to meet this need. It has TextView as an ancestor, so you can use TextView properties likeandroid:textColor to format the widget. Within Java, you can invoke: • isChecked() to determine if the checkbox has been checked• setChecked() to fo rce the checkbox into a checked or unchecked state• toggle() to toggle the checkbox as if the user checked itAlso, you can register a listener object (in this case, an instance of OnCheckedChangeListener) to be notified when the state of the checkbox changes.For example, from the Basic/CheckBox project, here is a simple checkbox layout:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><CheckBox xmlns:android="/apk/res/android"android:id="@+id/check"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="This checkbox is: unchecked" />The corresponding CheckBoxDemo.java retrieves and configures the behavior of the checkbox:public class CheckBoxDemo extends Activityimplements CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener { CheckBox cb;@Overridepublic void onCreate(Bundle icicle) { super.onCreate(icicle);setContentView(yout.main);cb=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.check);cb.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);}public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView,boolean isChecked) {if (isChecked) {cb.setText("This checkbox is: checked");}else {cb.setText("This checkbox is: unchecked");}}}Note that the activity serves as its own listener for checkbox state changes since it imple ments the OnCheckedChangeListener interface (via cb.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this)). The callback for the listener is onCheckedChanged(), which receives the checkbox whose state has changed and what the new state is. In this case, we update the text of the checkbox to reflect what the actual box contains.The result? Clicking the checkbox immediately updates its text, as you can see in Figures 6-4 and 6-5.Figure 6-4. The CheckBoxDemo sample application, with the checkbox uncheckedFigure 6-5. The same application, now with the checkbox checkedTurn the Radio UpAs with other implementations of radio buttons in other toolkits, Android’s radio buttons are two-state, like checkboxes, but can be grouped such that only one radio button in the group can be checked at any time.Like CheckBox, RadioButton inherits from CompoundButton, which in turn inherits fromTextView. Hence, all the standard TextView properties for font face, style, color, etc., are available for controlling the look of radio buttons. Similarly, you can call isChecked() on a RadioButton to see if it is selected, toggle() to select it, and so on, like you can with a CheckBox.Most times, you will want to put your RadioButton widgets inside of aRadioGroup. The RadioGroup indicates a set of radio buttons whose state is tied, meaning only one button out of the group can be selected at any time. If you assign an android:id to your RadioGroup in your XML layout, you can access the group from your Java code and invoke:• check() to c heck a specific radio button via its ID (e.g., group.check(R.id.radio1))• clearCheck() to clear all radio buttons, so none in the group are checked• getCheckedRadioButtonId() to get the ID of the currently-checked radio button (or -1 if none are checked)For example, from the Basic/RadioButton sample application, here is an XML layout showing a RadioGroup wrapping a set of RadioButton widgets: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RadioGroupxmlns:android=/apk/res/androidandroid:orientation="vertical"android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent" ><RadioButton android:id="@+id/radio1"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="Rock" /><RadioButton android:id="@+id/radio2"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="Scissors" /><RadioButton android:id="@+id/radio3"android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text="Paper" /></RadioGroup>Figure 6-6 shows the result using the stock Android-generated Java forthe project and this layout.Figure 6-6. The RadioButtonDemo sample application Note that the radio button group is initially set to be completely unchecked at the outset. To pre-set one of the radio buttons to be checked, use either setChecked() on the RadioButton or check() on the RadioGroup from within your onCreate() callback in your activity.It’s Quite a ViewAll widgets, including the ones previously shown, extend View, and as such give all widgets an array of useful properties and methods beyond those already described.Useful PropertiesSome of the properties on View most likely to be used include:• Controls the focus sequence:• android:nextFocusDown• android:nextFocusLeft• android:nextFocusRight• android:nextFocusUp• android:visibility, which controls whether the widget is initially visible• android:background,which typically provides an RGB color value (e.g., #00FF00 for green) to serve as the background for the widgetUseful MethodsYou can toggle whether or not a widget is enabled via setEnabled() and see if it is enabled via isEnabled(). One common use pattern for this is to disable some widgets based on a CheckBox or RadioButton selection.You can give a widget focus via requestFocus() and see if it is focused via isFocused(). You might use this in concert with disabling widgets as previously mentioned, to ensure the proper widget has the focus once your disabling operation is complete.To help navigate the tree of widgets and containers that make up an activity’s overall view, you can use:• getParent() to find the parent widget or container• findVi ewById() to find a child widget with a certain ID• getRootView() to get the root of the tree (e.g., what you provided to the activity via setContentView())中文译文Android起航使用XML进行布局虽然纯粹通过Java代码在activity上创建和添加部件，在技术上是可行的，我们在第4章中做的一样，更常见的方法是使用一种基于XML的布局文件。

Application FundamentalsAndroid applications are written in the Java programming language. The compiled Java code —along with any data and resource files required by the application —is bundled by the aapt tool into an Android package, an archive by an .apk suffix. This the vehicle for distributing the application and installing it on mobile devices; it's the download to their devices. All the code in a single .apk considered to be one application.Android应用基础：Android应用程序是通过java语言开发的，通过绑定一些应用所需要的东西，例如：编译的Java代码，加上数据和一些资源文件，使用一个apt的工具将所有的东西封装成一个android包，这个文件的文件后缀是.apk。

这个文件是分发并安装应用程序到移动设备的载体，是用户获得该应用程序所需要的下载的文件。

Application Components A central feature of Android is that one application can make use of elements of other applications (provided those applications permit it). For example, if your application needs to display a scrolling list of images and another application has developed a suitable scroller and made it available to others, you can call upon that scroller to do the work, rather than develop your own. Your application doesn't incorporate the code of the other application or link to it. Rather, it simply starts up that piece of the other application when the need arises. For this to work, the system must be able to start an application process when any part of it is needed, and instantiate the Java objects for that part. Therefore, unlike applications on most other systems, Android applications don't have a single entry point for everything in the application (no main() function, for example). Rather, they have essential components that the system can instantiate and run as needed. There are four types of components:Activities An activity presents a visual user interface for one focused endeavor the user can undertake. For example, an activity might present a list of menu items users can choose from or it might display photographs along with their captions. A text messaging application might have one activity that shows a list of contacts to send messages to, a second activity to write the message to the chosen contact, and other activities to review old messages or change settings. Though they work together to form a cohesive user interface, each activity isindependent of the others. Each one is implemented as a subclass of the Activity base class. An application might consist of just one activity or, like the text messaging application just mentioned, it may contain several. What the activities are, and how many there are depends, of course, on the application and its design. Typically, one of the activities is marked as the first one that should be presented to the user when the application is launched. Moving from one activity to another is accomplished by having the current activity start the next one. Android有四大应用程序组件Android的一个很重要的中心特征就是一个应用程序能充分利用其他的应用程序的一些组件（前提是被允许的）例如：如果的当前开发的应用需要一个滚动的列表去展示相片并且当时其他的程序已经开发了一个合适的滚动列表并且对其他人可用，你可以调用这个滚动的列表来完成你的工作而不是开发你自己的。

Android基础常用英语汇总Day01单词activity[ækˈtɪvəti] 活动;活跃framework[ˈfreɪmwɜ:k] 框架;构架;（体系的）结构;机构，组织driver[ˈdraɪvə(r)] 驱动器，驱动程序virtual[ˈvɜ:tʃuəl] 虚拟的kernel[ˈkɜ:nl] 核心，内核，要点kernelplatform[ˈplætfɔ:m] 平台，纲领platformpreferences['prefərənsɪs] 参数，偏好launcher[ˈlɔ:ntʃə(r)] 发射器，启动器emulator [ˈemjul eɪtə(r)] 模拟器，仿真器，仿真程序bundl e[ˈbʌndl] 捆，一批generate[ˈdʒenəreɪt] 生成，形成，造成asset[ˈæset]资产，财产manifest[ˈmænifest]清单，货单intent[ɪnˈtent]意图，目的relative[ˈrelətɪv] 相对的，相关的linear[ˈlɪniə(r)] 直线的，线形的absolute[ˈæbsəlu:t] 绝对的，完全的orientation[ˌɔ:riənˈteɪʃn] 方向，朝向，取向horizontal[ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntl] 水平的，地平线的vertical[ˈvɜ:tɪkl] 垂直的，竖立的align [əˈlaɪn] 排列，使成一线density[ˈdensəti] 密度wrap[ræp] 包裹，缠绕ind ependent[ˌɪndɪˈpendənt] 自主的，独立的，不相关连的layout[ˈl eɪaʊt] 布局，安排，设计internal[ɪnˈtɜ:nl] 内部的，国内的storage[ˈstɔ:rɪdʒ] 存储，贮存Day02 单词l og[lɔ:g] 日志，记录filter[ˈfɪltə(r)] 过滤器，滤波器verbose[vɜ:ˈbəʊs] 冗长的，啰唆的verbose external[ɪkˈstɜ:nl] 外面的，外部的externaleditor[ˈedɪtə(r) 编辑程序，编辑器editor serializer['sɪərɪəlaɪzər] 可序列化的，序列化器serializer parser['pɑ:sə]解析器，解剖器environment[ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt]环境，(运行）环境component[kəmˈpəʊnənt] 成分，组建compound[ˈkɒmpaʊnd] 复合物，组合物specify[ˈspesɪfaɪ] 指定，定义declare[dɪˈkleə(r)] 声明，宣布mount[maʊnt] 挂载，攀登Day03 单词cursor[ˈkɜ:sə(r)] 光标，游标journal[ˈdʒɜ:nl] 日报，日志primary[ˈpraɪməri] 首要的，主要的alter[ˈɔ:ltə(r)] 改变，修改mod el[ˈmɒdl] 模型，模式adapter[ə'dæptə] 适配器convert[kənˈvɜ:t] 转换，转变inflate[ɪnˈfl eɪt] 充气，打气dial og['daɪəlɒg] 会话，对话alert[əˈlɜ:rt] 警告，警报positive[ˈpɒzətɪv] 积极的，确实的，肯定的negative[ˈnɛɡətɪv] 消极的，否定的transaction[trænˈzækʃn] 交易，业务，事务styl e[staɪl] 样式，风格theme[θi:m]主题，主旋律Day04 单词connection[kəˈnekʃn] 连接，联系handl er[ˈhændlə(r)] 处理者，管理者queue[kju:] 队列l ooper['lu:pə] 轮询器obtain[əbˈtein]获得，得到bitmap[ˈbɪtmæp] 位图agent[ˈedʒənt] 代理，代理人notation[noʊˈteɪʃn] 记号，标记法visible [ˈvɪzəbəl] 显示的，可见的gone[gɒn] 过去的，消失的singl e[ˈsɪŋgl]唯一的，单一的smart[smɑ:t]聪明的，敏捷的Day05 单词property[ˈprɒpəti] 属性，特性asynchronous[eɪˈsɪŋkrənəs] 异步的failure[ˈfeɪljə(r)] 失败的，不及格的random[ˈrændəm] 随机的block[blɒk] 区块儿total[ˈtəʊtl] 总共，总计execute[ˈeksɪkju:t] 执行entity[ˈentəti] 实体pair[peə(r)] 一副，一对range[reɪndʒ] 范围，射程manner[ˈmænə(r)] 方式current[ˈkʌrənt] 当前的，现在的Day06 单词filter[ˈfɪltə(r)] 过滤器，滤波器category[ˈkætəgəri] 类型，种类feature[ˈfi:tʃə(r)] 特征，特点extra[ˈekstrə] 额外的cycle[ˈsaɪkl] 循环，周期pause[pɔ:z] 暂停，中止resume[rɪ'zju:m] 继续destroy[dɪˈstrɔɪ] 摧毁，销毁entire[ɪnˈtaɪə(r)] 完整的，全部的foreground[ˈfɔ:graʊnd] 前台，前景navigate[ˈnævɪgeɪt] 航行，驾驶priority[praɪˈɒrəti] 优先级stack[stæk] 栈instance[ˈɪnstəns] 示例Day07 单词broadcast[ˈbrɔ:dkɑ:st]广播，电台receiver[rɪˈsi:və(r)] 接收器，接受者boot[bu:t] 引导，启动originate[əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt] 起源于，来自abort[əˈbɔ:t] 终止，使流产exclude[ɪkˈsklu:d]不包括，排除ordered[ˈɔ:dəd] 有顺序的，规则的register[ˈredʒɪstə(r)] 登记，注册service[ˈsɜ:vɪs] 服务，服侍foreground[ˈfɔ:graʊnd] 前景，前台process[ˈprəʊses] 处理，进程reset[ˌri:ˈset]重置rel ease[rɪˈli:s] 释放，发布prepare[prɪˈpeə(r)] 准备;预备bind[baɪnd] 绑定，捆绑remote[rɪˈməʊt] 远程的definition[ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn] 定义，规定idle[ˈaɪdl] 空闲ringing[ˈrɪŋɪŋ]响铃的recorder[rɪˈkɔ:də(r)] 录音机audio[ˈɔ:diəʊ] 音频的zygote[ˈzaɪgəʊt] 受精卵，结合子capture[ˈkæptʃə(r)] 俘获，夺取modify[ˈmɒdɪfaɪ] 修改Day09 单词provider[prəˈvaɪdə(r)] 提供者，供应者authority[ɔ:ˈθɒrəti] 权威match[mætʃ] 匹配，等价于resolver[rɪ'zɒlvə] 解析者，解决问题的人notification[ˌnəʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] 通知，公布pending[ˈpendɪŋ]待定的，即将发生的identifier[aɪˈdentɪfaɪə(r)] 识别符，编号observer[əbˈzɜ:və(r)] 观察者export[ˈekspɔ:t] 输出behavior[bɪ'heɪvjə] 行为，态度explicitly[ɪk'splɪsɪtlɪ] 明确的multimedia[ˌmʌltiˈmi:diə] 多媒体bitmap[ˈbɪtmæp] 位图bounds[baʊndz] 范围options[ˈɒpʃn] 选项display[dɪˈspl eɪ] 显示器，屏幕ratio[ˈreɪʃiəʊ] 比例canvas[ˈkænvəs] 油画，画布paint[peɪnt] 颜料，画笔matrix[ˈmeɪtrɪks] 矩阵scale[skeɪl] 规模，比例translate[trænsˈl eɪt] 转化，移动rotate[rəʊˈteɪt] 旋转pixel[ˈpɪksl] 像素scan[skæn] 扫描，浏览raw[rɔ:] 未加工的surface[ˈsɜ:fɪs] 表面，外观holder[ˈhəʊl də(r)] 持有者sensor[ˈsensə(r)] 传感器accel erometer[əkˌseləˈrɒmɪtə(r)]加速度proximity[prɒkˈsɪməti] 亲近，接近accuracy[ˈækjərəsi] 精确性，准确性Day11 单词fragment[ˈfrægmənt] 片段，碎片replace[rɪˈpl eɪs] 替换attach[əˈtætʃ] 附上，贴上detach[dɪˈtætʃ] 分开，分离repeat[rɪˈpi:t] 重复reverse[rɪˈvɜ:s] 反转，倒退infinite[ˈɪnfɪnət] 无限的，无穷的pivot[ˈpɪvət] 中心点，轴心点sequentially[sɪ'kwenʃəlɪ] 继续的interpolater['ɪntɜ:pəl eɪtər] 插入器，插值器。

一、Introduction(入门)0、Introduction to Android(引进到Android)Android provides a rich application framework that allows you to build innovative apps and games for mobile devices in a Java language environment. The documents listed in the left navigation provide details about how to build apps using Android's various APIs.To learn how apps work, startwith App Fundamentals.To begin coding right away, read Building Your First AppAndroid提供了丰富的应用程序框架，它允许您在Java语言环境中构建移动设备的创新应用程序和游戏。

在左侧导航中列出的文档提供了有关如何使用Android的各种API来构建应用程序的详细信息。

要了解如何开发应用，从应用基础开始。

如何开始一个正确的编码，请参照建立你的第一个应用程序。

Apps provide multiple entry points 应用程序提供多个入口点Apps adapt to different devices 应用程序适应不同的设备Android apps are built as a combination of distinct components that can be invoked individually. For instance, an individual activity provides a single screen for a user interface, and a service independently performs work in the background.Android应用程序被构建为能够单独地被调用不同的部件的组合。

Android 原生态ROM 内置程序中英文对照表这份东西精简必须的。

如何精简ROM，我写了一篇文章：Android平台ROM的定制及精简教程,然后再结合本中英文对照表，你也会精简出一个好ROM出来。

注：*号是绝不可删的，部分作解释，未解释部分为系统服务*AccountAndSyncSettings.apk 同步与帐户设定ApkManager.apk APK安装器（即N多安装器）*ApplicationsProvider.apk 应用程序支持服务Bluetooth.apk 蓝牙（删了就没有蓝牙了）Browser.apk 谷歌浏览器（喜欢UC的可用UC替代）Calculator.apk 计算器（自带计算器较弱，可用其他替代）Calendar.apk 日历（不用日历的可删）CalendarProvider.apk 日历程序支持服务（不用日历的可删）*Camera.apk 自带相机（用360的可删）*CertInstaller.apk 证书服务Contacts.apk 通讯录/联系人（用第三方通讯录的可删）*ContactsProvider.apk 通讯录/联系人数据存储服务*DefaultContainerService.apk 默认通讯录服务DeskClock.apk 自带闹钟（用第三方闹钟的可删）*DownloadProvider.apk 下载管理器*DrmProvider.apk DRM受保护数据存储服务DSPManager.apk DSP音频管理（兴哥集成在设置里面，我不太使用这个，删了）Email.apk Email（不用自带email接受邮件的可删）FileManager.apk 简易文件管理器（用ES替代了，这个不用，删之）Gallery3D.apk 3D浏览器（嫌弃它速度慢的，可删）GenieWidget.apk 天气与新闻（我自己不用他看新闻，删了）Gmail.apk Gmail（可删，不用GMAIL的就删了吧）GoogleBackupTransport.apk ***（删了没感觉有特殊）GoogleCalendarSyncAdapter.apk 存储日历信息（删了没感觉有特殊）GoogleContactsSyncAdapter.apk 存储联系人信息（怕影响到联系人未删，但兴哥精简版已经删了）GoogleFeedback.apk ***（据说删除后开机会提示googlefeedback.apk，不过我删了没什么副作用）GooglePartnerSetup.apk Google助手（删了没感觉有特殊）GooglePinyinIME.apk Google拼音（用其他输入法的可删）GoogleQuickSearchBox.apk 谷歌搜索（删了影响到桌面的搜索插件）GoogleServicesFramework.apk 同步支持服务（删了不能同步联系人，不能登录google）HTMLViewer.apk HTML浏览器（本地看html，我用不到，删了）kickback.apk 辅助功能Launcher2.apk 2.2原生桌面（用ADW和PRO的可删，删了以后第三方桌面要在开机以后从电脑安装，91，豌豆助手都可）LiveWallpapersPicker.apk 动态壁纸（可删，反正G2跑起来不怎么样）Maps.apk Google地图（可删，自行换成brust版本）MarketUpdater.apk 市场升级（不确定）*MediaProvider.apk 媒体数据存储服务MediaUploader.apk 媒体升级（可删，兴哥精简版已经删除）Mms.apk 自带信息（可删，用第三方短信的就删了吧，提示：删了后，用handsms的的弹出短信框会变得延时，chomp没自带短信甚至不能使用）Music.apk 自带音乐（可删，我换成了那个叫什么播放器）nDuoaDialer.apk N多拨号（可删，自带的就可以了）nDuoaMarket.apk N多市场（可删，电子市场对我够了）nDuoaSettings.apk N多设置组件1（最好不要删，很不错的高级设置，兴哥集成在了设置里面）nDuoaSettingsAddon.apk N多设置组件2（最好不要删，很不错的高级设置）nDuoaSettingsHelper.apk N多设置组件3（最好不要删，很不错的高级设置）NetworkLocation.apk 网络位置（可删）OneTimeInitializer.apk ***（不明物体，删了没什么副作用）*PackageInstaller.apk 程序安装*Phone.apk 电话拨号程序PhoneGuard.apk 拨号卫士（可删，类似来电通等的）PicoTts.apk 可删（文字语言转换的语音合成引擎，设置-语音输入与输出中）PrisonBreak.apk 越狱（翻墙用的）Protips.apk 桌面小绿人插件（可删，就是有提示怎么玩手机）*QuickMgr.apk 一键设置（长按menu的后弹出的那个，不要删，删了以后长安menu会FC）*Settings.apk 系统设置*SettingsProvider.apk 设置服务程序*SetupWizard.apk 开机引导(在定制rom时不可删，刷好机可用rootexplorer删掉) SMSPopup.apk 短信泡泡（就是短信来时弹出的那个，其实就是个弹出框架，可用chomp替换）soundback.apk 辅助功能（可删）SoundRecorder.apk 录音机（可用第三方录音软件替代）Stk.apk sim卡服务（可删，有机油把联系人复制在sim卡上的就不要删它）Street.apk 街道（对于国内街道无效果的貌似，删了）*Superuser.apk 授权程序（就是程序列表上面那个，用这个来获取root的）Talk.apk 系统服务项（可删，删了没有电子市场上）talkback.apk 辅助功能（可删）*TelephonyProvider.apk 拨号记录存储服务Term.apk 超级终端（可删，不过不建议，可以用来刷recovery）TtsService.apk T ext-to-speech服务（可删）Updater.apk 在线升级（可删）UserDictionaryProvider.apk 用户数据字典服务（可删）Vending.apk 电子市场（可删，不过不建议，很多软件的自动升级时候有它很方便）VoiceSearch.apk 语音搜索（可删，虽然看上去很美好，事实上我从未用过，被我删了）VpnServices.apk VPN服务（翻墙服务，可删）ChromeToPhone.apk 从PC端chrome推送网页链接到手机浏览器上Facebook.apk 都知道的GoogleBuzzWidget.apk GOOGLE纵横的桌面插件googlevoice.apk GOOGLE语音服务Twitter.apk 都知道的YouTube.apk 都知道的Android平台ROM的定制及精简教程本教程主要内容有：Android系统文件夹结构解析、应用软件说明、定制精简、ROM签名把包等内容。

外文资料：WLANWhy use WLANFor one of the main local area network management, for the laying of cables, or check the cable is disconnected this time-consuming work, it is easy to upset, not easy to break in a short time to find out where. Furthermore, for the business and application environment constantly updating and development of enterprise network must be matched with the original re-layout, need to re-install the network lines, although the cable itself is not expensive, but requested the technical staff to the high cost of wiring, especially the old building, wiring project costs even higher. Therefore, the construction of wireless local area network has become the best solution.What conditions need to use WLANWLAN is not limited to alternative local area network, but to make up for lack of wired local area networks, in order to achieve the purpose of extending the network, the following circumstances may have wireless local area network.●no fixed workplace users●wired local area network set up by the environmental constraints●As a wired local area network backup systemWLAN access technologyCurrently manufacturers in the design of wireless local area network products, there are quite a variety of access design methods can be divided into three categories: narrowband microwave, spread spectrum (Spread Spectrum) technology, and infrared have their advantages and disadvantages, limitations, and more, followed by detailed discussion of these techniques. (Infrared) technology, each technique has their advantages and disadvantages, limitations, and more, followed by detailed discussion of these techniques.Technical requirementsAs wireless local area network needs to support high-speed, burst data services, need to be addressed in the indoor use of multipath fading, as well as issues such ascrosstalk subnets. Specifically, wireless local area network must achieve the following technical requirements:1)Reliability: Wireless LAN system packet loss rate should be lower than 10-5,the error rate should be lower than 10-8.2)Compatibility: For indoor use of wireless local area network, so as far aspossible with the existing wired LAN network operating system and networksoftware compatible.3)Data rate: In order to meet the needs of local area network traffic, wirelessLAN data transfer rate should be more than 1Mbps.4)The confidentiality of communications: As the data transmitted in the air viawireless media, wireless local area networks at different levels must takeeffective measures to improve communication security and data security.5)Mobility: support for all mobile networks or semi-mobile network.6)Energy Management: When receiving or sending data to the site when themachine is in sleep mode, when activated again when the data transceiver toachieve the savings in power consumption.7)small size and low price: This is the key to the popularity of wireless local areanetwork can be.8)Electromagnetic environment: wireless LAN should consider thehumanbodyand the surrounding electromagnetic environment effects.AndroidGoogle Android is a Linux-based platform for developing open-source phone operating system (registered trademark in China called &quot;Achi;). It includes operating systems, user interface and applications - mobile phone work required by the software, but there is no past, the exclusive right to impede innovation and barriers to mobile industry, called mobile terminal is the first to create a truly open and complete mobile software. Google and Open Handset Alliance to develop the Android, the alliance by including China Mobile, Motorola, Qualcomm and T-Mobile, including more than 30 technology and the composition of a leader in wireless applications. Google with operators, equipment manufacturers, developers and other interested parties to formdeep-level partnerships, hoping to establish a standardized, open software platform for mobile phones in the mobile industry to form an open ecosystem .It uses software stack layers (software stack, also known as the software stack) architecture, is divided into three parts: the core of the underlying Linux-based language developed by the c, only basic functions. Middle layer consists of library. Library and Virtual Machine Virtual Machine, developed by the C +. At the top are a variety of applications, including the call procedures, SMS procedures, application software is developed by the companies themselves to write java.To promote this technology, Google, and dozens of other phone company has established the Open Handset Alliance (Open Handset Alliance).Characteristic●application framework to support component reuse and replacement●Dalvik virtual machine specifically for mobile devices is optimized●Internal integrated browser, the browser-based open-source WebKit engine●optimization of 2D and 3D graphics library includes graphics library, 3Dgraphics library based on OpenGL ES 1.0 (hardware-accelerated optional)●# SQLite for structured data storage●Multimedia support includes the common audio, video and static image fileformats (such as MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)●GSM phone (depending on hardware)●Bluetooth Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent)●Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent)●Rich development environment including a device emulator, debugger,memory and performance analysis charts, and the Eclipse integrateddevelopment environment plug-insApplicationsA core Android application package together with the release of the application package, including email client, SMS short messaging program, calendar, maps, browser, contact management procedures. A ll applications are written using JA V A.Android Application Framework Developers have full access to core applicationsused by the API framework. The application framework designed to simplify the reuse of software components; any application can publish its functional blocks and any other applications can use the function block its release (but must follow the framework of security restrictions). Reuse mechanism allows the application form can be user replaced.All of the following applications by the composition of a range of services and systems, including:●an expanded view (Views) can be used to build applications, including a list of(lists), grid (grids), text boxes (text boxes), buttons (buttons), and even an embeddable web browser.●Content Manager (Content Providers) allows applications to access data fromanother application program (such as the contact database), or to share their own data.● A resource manager (Resource Manager) to provide access to non-coderesources, such as local strings, graphics, and hierarchical file (layout files).● A notification manager (Notification Manager) allows applications to customersin the status bar display notification information.●An activity class Manager (Activity Manager) to manage the application lifecycle and provides common navigation rollback feature.Ordering the systemOrdering the system information using automated software tools to achieve la carte, side dishes, stir fry vegetables to the transfer of all management processes; completion point, the computer management menu, point the menu and the kitchen, front-end checkout synchronization print; achieved without the menu paper-based operation; backstage manager of inquiry; warehouse inventory management and so on.In addition, ordering the system can also effectively manage customer data, archiving and future reference, put an end to the restaurant "leakage List", "run list" phenomenon; help restaurants using computer data processing capability and powerful ability to process optimization to achieve automated management, streamline workflow restaurant, reduce waste and man-made phenomenon of management oversight, re-optimal allocation of corporate resources, the operating costs to a minimum.Powerful addition to ordering the system to support the general application of stand-alone and LAN in addition to support head office / branch of multi-level framework used for remote network using the POS system to achieve front store sales cashier, sales of small-ticket instantly print sales day-end, reporting sales data and receive information of new features dishes.There are three currently ordering the system to achieve mode:First, the touch screen a la carte model: It uses the currently most popular touch-computer ordering process to achieve that members can to order the software screen prompts, simply click on the screen with your fingers can complete the entire ordering process and convenient This model applies to the practice of rich dishes and large restaurants, restaurants, and restaurant, etc..Second,the wireless PDA ordering mode: it uses a wireless WiFi technology, a la carte interface by PDA display, use touch pen to complete the ordering process, virtually anywhere, anytime to order real-time response, this model is more suitable for dishes and practices simple restaurant, features a restaurant and special mood of senior restaurants.Third, the wireless ordering Po mode: it uses the ISM band, can be a floor or other obstruction in the case of seamless coverage up to 10 meters away, while the signal remained stable, which is the ratio of the wireless PDA ordering model's greatest strength, this model applies to simple dishes and practices and other requirements with fewer fast food restaurants, pot shops.中文翻译：无线局域网为何使用无线局域网络？对于局域网络管理主要工作之一，对于铺设电缆或是检查电缆是否断线这种耗时的工作，很容易令人烦躁，也不容易在短时间内找出断线所在。