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最新电大《英语翻译基础》翻译句子复习整理英译汉A big reward will make the brave come forward重赏之下，必有勇夫。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush,一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。
A little forethought would have saved you much trouble afterwards你如果事先略作盘算，后来也不至于有那么多的麻烦了。
A mastery of Chinese and English is essential for E-C or C-E translation做英汉/汉英翻译必须掌握好汉语与英语。
A new kind of aircraft—small，cheap，pilotless—is attracting increasing attention。
一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意——这种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。
A red sun rose slowly from the calm lake。
一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
A stream was winding its way through the valley into the river。
一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到江里去了。
A tiny staggerer came suddenly rocking into the yard.一个刚刚学步的小宝宝突然摇摇晃晃地走进院子After all preparations were made ，the planes were flown across he U.S to San Francisco.一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就飞越美国去旧金山。
All roads lead to Rome条条大路通罗马。
All the articles are untouchable in the museum.博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。
科技英语翻译复习重点（英译汉篇）一、词语意思翻译1.A fastener is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together.（直译法）紧固件是指将两个或多个物体通过机械方法固定在一起的硬件装置。
2.Machinery design is either to formulate an engineering plan for the satisfaction ofa specified need or to solve an engineering problem.（直译法）机械设计的目的是为满足特定需求而绘制工程图纸或解决工程问题。
3.In the1970s,integrated circuit technology and the subsequent creation of microprocessors futher decreased size and cost and further increased speed and reliability of computers.（增词法）20世纪70年代，集成电路技术的发展和后续的微处理器的发明进一步缩小了计算机的尺寸，降低了价格，同时加快了运行速度，提高了可靠性。
4.A power reactor has no need of oil,for the heat generated in the uranium pile is the result of nuclear fission,not of combustion.（增词法）原子动力反应堆不需要油，因为铀堆中所产生的热是核裂变的结果，而不是燃烧的结果。
5.The elementary mechanical components of a machine are termed machine elements.These elements consist of three basic types:structural components, mechanisms,and control components.（省略法）机器的基本机械构件称为机械零件，包括三种基本类型，即：结构构件、机械构件和控制构件。
英语翻译与写作复习资料一、短语翻译（Phrase Translation）：英译中，15题，共15分。
. subject to…参照….，按照….. to arrange an interview at your convenience:在您方便的时候安排面试. win the bidding中标. to merit serious consideration: 值得认真考虑. submission of tender 投标. in one’s estimation / judgment/ opinion/view据某人的判断/评价/意见/看法. constructive proposal建设性意见. I was interested to see your advertisement in … and …我对你们在…上所登的广告甚感兴趣，并……. pay attention to…对….引起注意. tentative itinerary暂定行程. large order大批订单. give further details提供进一步的详细资料. to conduct an inquiry调查. I could not be more satisfied if you can kindly...如果你能…我将会非常满意。
.I am most reluctant to complain, but...我非常不愿意投诉，但…. be dissatisfied with…对…表示不满be unable to keep the promise to…未能遵照承诺…. would you please forgive me for…可否请你原谅我…. give …great pleasure/ honor to…使某人感到非常荣幸.have an opening for …有一个…空缺. mutually beneficial cooperation双方互利的合作.I understand from Mr. … one of your suppliers, that there is an opening in your company for …我由…先生，系你们的供应商之一，得知贵公司有一…空缺. to point out指出.prior engagement先前的约定. make for动身前往. letter of authorization授权书二、句子翻译（Sentence Translation）：英译中，10题，共20分。
A1.A good memory is a great help in learning a language.好的记忆力有助于语言的学习。
2.A teacher should have patience in his work.当老师应当有耐心。
3.Air pollution is more serious than water pollution.空气污染比水污染更为严重。
4.Although very important, intelligence is not necessarily the key to success.尽管聪明十分重要，但它未必是成功的关键。
5.As long as there is water, plants won’t die quickly.只要有水，植物就不会很快死亡。
B1.Beijing Olympic Games can make Chinese people work harder.北京奥运会使得中国人民更加努力工作。
2.But I’ve got room for only two of you in the house.但是我家里只能住下你们其中两个人。
3.But little Smart is not really that smart.但是小灵通并不是真的很灵通。
4.Business success depends on hard work.事业上的成功依靠努力工作。
5.By 1900, states had laws against selling cigarettes to young people.到1900年，大部分州已经颁布了禁止向青少年出售香烟的法律。
C1.Can you express yourself clearly in English?你能用英语清楚地表达自己的意思吗？2.Can I download this material without paying any money?我可以免费下载这份资料吗？D1.Did you go fishing with your friends last Sunday?上周日你跟朋友去钓鱼了吗？2.Do you think students should do a part-time job?你认为学生应该做兼职吗？3.Do you mind my smoking here?我在这里吸烟你介意吗？4.Do you still have anything that you don’t understand?你还有什么不明白的吗？5.Don’t you mind my opening the window?你不介意我打开折扇窗户吧？6.Don’t you think smoking is harmful to your health?你不认为吸烟有害健康吗？E1.Each year some of his money is given to the best scientists and writers of the world.每年他的一部分钱都会奖给世界上最优秀的科学家和作家。
北外翻译学英汉同传复习资料英汉互译翻译技巧1.拆句法和合并法：这是两种相对应的翻译方法。
拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉；合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。
汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。
所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句；而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。
这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。
如：（1）Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。
（在主谓连接处拆译）（2）I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。
中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。
（在定语从句前拆译）（3）This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth,who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account。
英联邦各国尤其如此，它们认为英国加入欧共体，将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。
题型一、单选（1分*10个=10分）n、adj、v、prep、短语二、句子翻译（3分*10个=30分）教材上、PPT上内容三、段落翻译（20分）选自PPT练习，10个句子四、简单句（20分）7个句型（1分），例句（2分）五、论述题（20分）二、1.楼高106米的深茂商业中心占地4201平方米，南靠深南大道，西临香密湖度假村，东连未来市中心新政大楼建筑群，共有楼面26层和地上车库两层。
Shenmao Commercial Centre stands 106meters high on a 4201 sq. meters site, consisting of 26 storeys and double-level underground car park. It borders Shennan Road to the south, Xiangmi Lake Holiday Resort to the west and the new municipal office building complex, the would-be city center, to the east.2.天目山树深人少，古树掩映，清泉石上流，雾生半山腰，如仙境一般。
Mt. Tianmu is like a fairy land. It is densely forested and scarcely frequented, with spring flowing over the rocks and fog streaming around the mountain sides.3.花前月下，情深深，意浓浓。
Many a moonlit night saw us sauntering along the flower-flanked paths exchanging words of love and affection.4.做好今年的政府工作，要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导深入贯彻落实科学发展观。
English-Chinese Translation for International Business商务英语翻译A good command of translation contributes to your success in life. Man learns nothing except by pain or shame. Anything is possible with a willing heart devoted to hard work. Your determination is the gateway to success.Lecture one Introduction to the course1.Course Syllabus——Course Title——Course hourage & credit——Aims of the Course——Format of teaching——Course book——Course requirements——Suggested readingsChapter 1 翻译的基本知识1.1.翻译的界定“将用一种语言或者一套语言符号所表达的内容用另一种语言或者一套语言符号进行转换的行为或过程。
——————《大英百科全书》“用一种等值的语言的文本材料去替换另一种语言的文本材料”——————卡特福德“翻译是两个语言社会（language-community）之间的交际过程和交际工具,它的目的是促进本语言社会的政治、经济和文化进步，它的任务是要把原作中包含的现实世界的逻辑映像，完好无损地从一种语言移注到另一种语言中去”——————张今（1987 主就文学翻译）翻译是思想交流的桥梁和接力。
————范仲英（1994：12）ito turn from one language into another ————The Oxford English Dictionaryto turn into one's own or another language ————韦氏新编国际英语词典“把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来”————《辞海》《汉语大词典》翻译是一种跨语言、跨文化的信息与情感交流过程。
英汉翻译复习英汉翻译复习I will build a motor car for the great multitude.我要造一种平民汽车。
It will be large enough for the family but small enough for the individual to run and care for.这种汽车，举家出游不嫌小，个人驾驶不嫌大，维护保养又方便。
It will be constructed of the best materials, by the best men to be hired, after the simplest designs that modern engineering can devise.它将使用最优良的材料，按照现代工程学最简洁的设计，由最优秀的工人建成。
But it will be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one -- and enjoy with his family the blessing of hours of pleasure in God's great open spaces.但是这种汽车价格低廉，工薪阶层人人都能买上一辆，都能和家人一起，在上帝那辽阔的大地上纵情驰骋，尽享欢乐。
Illness comes on horseback and goes on foot.病来如骑快马，病去步履蹒跚。
病来如山倒，病去如抽丝。
He is said to be a rough diamond.人们说他是一块浑金璞玉。
Marriage, with peace, is this world’s paradise; with strife, this life’s purgatory.和睦的婚姻，是这个世界的乐园；对抗的婚姻，是这个人生的炼狱。
《汉英翻译》复习提纲Chapter oneas close／dumb as an oyster 守口如瓶cast／lay／have an anchor to windward 未雨绸缪范进迎了出去，只见那张乡绅下了轿进来，头带纱帽，……Fan Chin went out to welcome the visitor, who was one of local gentry, and Mr. Chang alighted from the chair and came in. He was we aring an official’s gauze cap…（乌）纱帽an official’s gauze capblue jokes下流的玩笑blue talk下流的言论This was the last straw. I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.我再也无法忍受了。
我当时很年轻，我要在一个女人手下工作，这对我简直是最大的侮辱。
Chapter two军事集团a military bloc反党集团anti-Party clique保税区bonded area消息灵通人士Informative sources or well-informed source持审慎态度With guarded reserve经济全球化economic globalization两岸关系the relationship between the two sidesthe relationship between the two sides of the Taiwan Straitrelations across the Taiwan Strait三个代表Three Represents／the Three R Principles科学发展观the scientific outlook on development中国特色社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics 一国两制one country，two systems三资企业three kinds of foreign invested enterprises保税区bonded area海选mass election审美疲劳aesthetic fatigue跳槽job-hop暗箱操作manipulation behind the scene白色收入1egal income灰色收入grey income神舟五号Shenzhou No．5亚健康subhealth排行榜best seller list电子邮件electronic mail草根组织grass-root organization多媒体multimedia按揭贷款mortgage loan短信陷阱令你防不胜防Traps of Short Messages：Hard to Guard Against东北生态岌岌可危The Ecological Crisis in Northeast China夫妻联手解开新的基因奥秘Husband and wife team unlocks new gene secrets妇女正在成为家庭装修能手Women are become experts at home repairs.房屋起火五死四伤Five killed and four hurt in a house fire.严禁非法金融活动，维护经济秩序稳定State eliminates illegal banking挽留北京旧城墙Beijing to fix ancient city wall施罗德将出访美国Shroeder to visit US forging ties with the new Bush举世瞩目的中国农业Chinese Agriculture Attracting Worldwide Attention农民可放心的几件事T he Things That Farmers Needn’t Worry About江泽民在贵州、广西考察扶贫开发工作强调扶贫攻坚战必须打好，务求全胜Jiang: Abolish rural poverty美国不要做干涉他国内政的事情US told to stop its ‘interfering’青海湖二百年内将成为盐湖Qinghai Lake to Become Salty Within 200 Years我国承担的人类基因组“天书”接近完成China to complete draft of 1% Human Genome上千律师义务帮助二战中国劳工打官司Lawyers to help forced laborers无可奉告No comments即将取得进展On the brink of breathrough援引...的话说Be quoted as saying (cited as saying)两栖明星a bi-media star大龄青年：single youth above the normal matrimonial age豆腐渣丁程：bean-curd projects（so named because they are too poor in quality to last out）三角债：chain debts; debt chains单亲家庭single-parent family防病毒软件anti-virus software免提电话hand-free phone生态宜居城市eco-friendly city无人售票车conductor-less bus无烟城市smoke-free city外向型经济export-oriented economy工薪族wage-earners打工族job-seekers; migrant worker刷卡族card-users追星族star-chasers国家发改委副主任张平说跨越式发展是一大亮点。
汉译英1.不少病入膏肓者为了求得解脱往往要求医生使用致命药物;也有一些病人家属觉得彻底治愈病人已经无望,因此要求医生不要对病人再进行保命式的治疗.最近,"安乐死”这一问题在欧洲国家已酿成一场激烈的大争论.2.人们对“安乐死”可能被人滥用,或不必要使用的担心不无道理,但只要政府和有关方面措施得力,医院严格控制,这个问题最终或许可以得到解决.3.我们这么冒险尝试，无非是为了与自己或与命运堵一把，并从中实现自我之价值。
其后果不是被闹个灰头土脸，就是历经磨难，终成事业，或是一直得到上帝的眷顾，一帆风顺，而后无比自豪。
4.一旦一个人沉溺于赌，他不仅会挥霍掉多年辛勤工作换来的财产，而且也会失去自尊和良知。
所以奉劝这类人赶紧打住停手，脱离无穷的烦恼。
5.笑扮演的作用与角色比人们想象的复杂，发笑的原因众说纷纭。
6.我们为什么笑？令人信服的解释有待更多的证明。
但全世界人们都相信笑有很多好处。
笑能使人们保持身心健康，笑可以作为人与人之间交流的润滑剂，因为研究表明人们在社交场合中笑的可能性比独处时大，笑能消除人们之间的障碍，建立相互之间的联系。
7. 语言是价值观念体系和文化表达形式的载体，是团体和个人身份的决定性因素。
然而，据估计，世界上6000种语言中，超过50%的语言都处在消亡的边缘。
事实上，平均每两个星期就有一种语言消亡。
造成语言消亡的原因是多方面的，但英语在全球盛行难辞其咎，它的一统天下是令人担忧的。
8.有大量证据表明，美国在许多方面无疑都扮演着全球领头羊的角色。
它在输出其高科技产品和商业产品的同时，也在潜移默化地向世界兜售美国的价值观念。
9.从全球范围来看，环保运动已经开展了数十年，公众的环保意识也已相应地提高了。
但尽管如此，地球母亲的健康仍在以史无前例的速度恶化。
许多人不禁要问人类何时才能扭转局势。
10.在过去的几十年里，由于不遵循基本的生态原则，一些欠发达国家虽取得了快速的经济增长，却牺牲了环境。
1 Definition of Translation (P1)In a broad sense:interlingual translation 语际翻译the process of transferring information from one language into anotherlanguage.（不同种语言之间的转换）intralingual translation 语内翻译the process of transferring information between different varieties withina language（同种语言的不同变体之间的转换）varieties指语言的不同变体：比如历史变体（historical variety）、社会变体（social variety）、地域变体（regional variety）等intersemiotic translation 符际翻译the process of transferring information between linguistic symbols andnon-linguistic symbols（语言和非语言符号之间的转换）In a narrow sense：translation just refers to interlingual translation2 History of Translation2.1 History of Translation Research in China (P1-3)in the Xia Dynasty，material and spiritual exchanges based on translation began to emerge and developthe Zhou & Qin Dynasty，borrowed words started to show up, which demonstrated the further development of activities involving translation.the Eastern Han Dynasty，translation began to serve as an independent course or profession2.1.1 The First Climax(the Eastern Han Dynasty –the Northern Song or Earlier Song Dynasty ): Translation of the Buddhist Scriptures2.2.2 The Second Climax(the late Ming Dynasty –the Opium War): Translation of Bible, Science & Technology, Philosophy, Literature, etc.2.2.3 The Third Climax (the May 4th Movement –the foundation of the People’s Republic of China): Translation of Western Politics, Economy, trends of thought, Culture, etc.the translation of democracy, science, human rights, patriotism, Marxism, etc2.2.4 The Fourth Climax (the foundation of the People’s Republic of China – the present): Translation of Overall Development and Rapid Progress2.2 History of Translation Research in the West (P3-6)2.2.1 Translation in the Ancient TimesThe First Climax (In the middle of the 3rd Century BC)The Second Climax (the 4th Century, AD - the 6th Century, AD)2.2.2 Translation in the Medieval TimesThe Third Climax (the 11th Century, AD - the 12th Century, AD)2.2.3 Translation in the RenaissanceThe Fourth Climax (the 14th Century, AD - the 16th Century, AD)The Fifth Climax (the late 17th Century, AD - the early 20th Century, AD)2.2.3 Translation in the Modern TimesThe Sixth Climax (the Second World War – the present):3 Criteria of Translation3.1 Criteria of Translation in China (6-7)3.1.1 Controversy between “Form” and “Content”3.1.2 Focus on Accuracy as well as Easiness3.1.3 Faithfulness, fluency and Elegance3.1.4 Pursuit of Easiness and Consistency in Style3.2 Criteria of Translation in the West (7-9)3.2.1 Brief Introduction of the Western Theories●P7: Marcus Tullius Cicero (马库斯·图留斯·西塞罗) (106 BC –43BC), a famouspolitician, speechmaker (演说家), rhetorician (雄辩家), legist (雄辩家) and philosopher (哲学家) during the period of ancient Rome, proposed the theory of “Literal Translation (直译) VS Free Translation (意译)”.●P8: Irish scholar Alexander F. Tytler (泰特勒) proposed three elements in Essay onthe Principles of Translation:⏹The translation should be a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. (译文应与原文的思想完全相符)⏹The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of theoriginal. (译文应与原文的风格及体裁相同)⏹The translation should have all the ease of original composition. (译文应与原作完全一样通顺自然)●P8: Eugene Nida (尤金·奈达), a major founder of the modern translation theories aswell as an excellent representative of translation practice, proposed “functional equivalence” (功能对等) based on “dynamic equivalence” (灵活对等) .One way of defining a D-E translation is to describe it as “the closest natural equivalent to the source-language message. This type of definition contains three essential terms 1) equivalent, which points toward the source-language, 2) natural, which points toward the receptor language, and 3) closest, which binds the two orientations together on the basis of the highest degree of approximation.”He animadverted on the traditional translation criteria focusing on the objective passage, and boldly raised a criterion that emphasizes on rea ders’ mental reaction ---- if the translated version can lead to the same mental reaction among its readers as that of the original readers’, then such translation is a success.3.2.2 Main Themes of the Western Translation (P9)●Theme One: Translation based on Literature and Art●Theme Two: Translation based on Linguistic Theories (Structural Linguistics 结构语言学)3.3 Translation Criteria for English Teaching (P9-10)●Accuracy●Fluency●Style Consistency4 Approaches of Translation (P10)●Literal Translation VS Free Translation●Form VS Content●Functional Equivalence VS Formal Correspondence●Source Language Oriented VS Target Language Oriented●Author Centered VS Reader Centered●The Purpose of the Writer VS The Purpose of the Translator⏹Exercise 1 (P30)1.There are many different understandings about translation. In a broad sense, translationincludes , and .2.refers to the process of transferring information from onelanguage into another language.3.refers to the process of transferring information betweendifferent varieties within a language.4.refers to the process of transferring information betweenlinguistic symbols and non-linguistic symbols.5.In a narrow sense, translation just refers to .6.In terms of translation, the western society has undergone the following fourstages: , , and .1. interlingual translation, intralingual translation, intersemiotic translation2. interlingual translation3. intralingual translation4. intersemiotic translation5. interlingual translation6. the Ancient Times, the Medieval Times, the Renaissance, the Modern Times⏹Exercise 2 (P30-31)⏹According to some historical literature, material and spiritual exchanges based ontranslation began to emerge and develop in .During , borrowed words started to show up, which demonstrated the further development of activities involving translation. It is universally acknowledged that translation didn’t serve as an independent course or profession until .⏹A) the Xia Dynasty B) the Shang Dynasty⏹C) the Zhou & Qin Dynasty D) the Eastern Han DynastyACD⏹Generally speaking, there are four climaxes in the Chinese history of translation. The firstclimax refers to from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty. The second climax refers to from the late Ming Dynasty to the First and Second Opium Wars. The third climax refers tofrom the May 4th Movement to the foundation of People’s Republic of China. The fourth climax refers to from the establishment of China till now.⏹A) the translation of democracy, science, human rights, patriotism, Marxism, etc.⏹B) the translation of the Buddhist Scriptures⏹C) the overall development and thriving advance of translation⏹D) the translation of Bible, science and technology, philosophy, literature, etc.B, D, A, C⏹Translation criterion is the focus of all translation theories. The translation criterionof , proposed by Yan Fu (严复), the greatest translator in the modern history of China, has captured a unique and significant position in both theory studies and practices. This translation criterion can be translated into “fidelity”, “expressiveness” and “elegance” in English.⏹A) 忠、通、雅B) 信、达、美⏹C) 信、达、雅D) 忠、顺、美C。
英汉翻译复习I will build a motor car for the great multitude.我要造一种平民汽车。
It will be large enough for the family but small enough for the individual to run and care for.这种汽车，举家出游不嫌小，个人驾驶不嫌大，维护保养又方便。
It will be constructed of the best materials, by the best men to be hired, after the simplest designs that modern engineering can devise.它将使用最优良的材料，按照现代工程学最简洁的设计，由最优秀的工人建成。
But it will be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one -- and enjoy with his family the blessing of hours of pleasure in God's great open spaces.但是这种汽车价格低廉，工薪阶层人人都能买上一辆，都能和家人一起，在上帝那辽阔的大地上纵情驰骋，尽享欢乐。
Illness comes on horseback and goes on foot.病来如骑快马，病去步履蹒跚。
病来如山倒，病去如抽丝。
He is said to be a rough diamond.人们说他是一块浑金璞玉。
Marriage, with peace, is this world’s paradise; with strife, this life’s purgatory.和睦的婚姻，是这个世界的乐园；对抗的婚姻，是这个人生的炼狱。
欢迎来主页下载---精品文档 精品文档 英语翻译与写作复习资料
一、短语翻译（Phrase Translation）：英译中，15题，共15分。 . subject to…参照….，按照…. . to arrange an interview at your convenience:在您方便的时候安排面试 . win the bidding中标 . to merit serious consideration: 值得认真考虑 . submission of tender 投标 . in one’s estimation / judgment/ opinion/view据某人的判断/评价/意见/看法 . constructive proposal建设性意见 . I was interested to see your advertisement in … and …我对你们在…上所登的广告甚感兴趣，并…… . pay attention to…对….引起注意 . tentative itinerary暂定行程 . large order大批订单 . give further details提供进一步的详细资料 . to conduct an inquiry调查 . I could not be more satisfied if you can kindly...如果你能…我将会非常满意。 .I am most reluctant to complain, but...我非常不愿意投诉，但… . be dissatisfied with…对…表示不满 be unable to keep the promise to…未能遵照承诺… . would you please forgive me for…可否请你原谅我… . give …great pleasure/ honor to…使某人感到非常荣幸 .have an opening for …有一个…空缺 . mutually beneficial cooperation双方互利的合作 .I understand from Mr. … one of your suppliers, that there is an opening in your company for … 我由…先生，系你们的供应商之一，得知贵公司有一…空缺 . to point out指出 .prior engagement先前的约定 . make for动身前往 . letter of authorization授权书 二、句子翻译（Sentence Translation）：英译中，10题，共20分。 . Our proposal has got the board’s initial approval. 我们的建议得到了董事会的初步批准。 . Public relations girl at Guangzhou Holiday Inn.Full-time in summers, part-time during school. 在广州文化假日酒店当公关小姐。暑期全职，上课时兼职。 .Please extend my wishes of good luck to your family. 请代我祝福你的家人好运。 .This Contract shall become effective upon and from the date on which it is signed.本合同签字生效 . This is an area that needs to be addressed in the near future. 这是一个需要在不久的将来要处理的区域。 . I should like to know exactly what action has been taken. 我想确切的知道已经采取什么行动。 . I strongly hope that the next year will promise a brighter prospect for our company. 我衷心祝愿我们公司来年取得更加辉煌的成就。 .We regret our inability to accept your claim because the cases, when being loaded, left nothing to be desired. 很遗憾我们不能接受你的要求，因为在超载情况下，，就没有什么可期望的了。 .All activities of ABC Co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of China. ABC公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖 .Please feel free to contact me if you need further information.如果需要更多信息请随时与我联系 .I would have applied to you for a position some time ago, if you had a vacancy. 我本来前一段时间应用到你的位置，如果你有一个空缺。 .Your assistance on my recent trip was much appreciated. Without your advice and guidance I couldn’t possibly have achieved as much as I was able to in so short a period of time. 你对我这次援助是大加赞赏。没有你们的建议和指导，我不可能在这么短的一段时间取得了我最大的成就。 . A position in management training programs with the eventual goal of participating in the management rank of marketing. 管理培训计划方面的职位，最终目标是参与市场管理层 .The job looks very challenging, but because of the thorough training I received at USC, together with your own informal coaching, I’m confident I can handle it. 这项工作看起来非常具有挑战性的，但因为我在南加州大学获得，用自己的正规的教练一起全面培训，我相信我能应付自如。 .We would appreciate having your acceptance soon so we may complete our agenda. 恳请您尽快予以答复，以便我们做出安排。 . Have the kindness to take note of our signatures at foot.请注意我们下列签名。 .We enclose our list of prices and terms, and would ask you to kindly note the signatures at foot.兹附上价目表及交易条款，并请注意下面的签名。 . All of my professional experience has been in manufacturing organizations. 我所有的专业经验，都是在制造企业领域的。 . Our proposal has got the board’s initial approval.我们的计划已经得到欢迎来主页下载---精品文档 精品文档 了董事会的初步通过。 . An entry-level position in sales. Eventual goal: manager of marketing department. 一个入门级销售的定位。最终目标：销售部门的经理。 . All my colleagues found me responsible and innovative. 我的同事们都认为我是一个极其负责任并有创新精神的人。 三、段落翻译（Paragraph Translation ）：英译中，3题，共25分。 When your order was received your supplier was out of stock of the fabric, with the result that we were obliged to suspend work on the suite. We are pleased to advise you that this fabric has now been received, work on the suite has been resumed, and delivery will be made towards the end of next week. 当收到你们订单时，我们的供应商正巧缺少建筑材料，我们被迫暂停工程建设。现在我们高兴的告诉你们，这种建材已运到，工程正在继续进行，下周末能交付使用。 This matter is causing us great inconvenience. Since we have now included the $888 in our new catalogue and we are receiving a large number of enquires about it. We shall now be faced with cancelling it from our catalogue, and explaining to customers that it is no longer available. 这件事引起了我们极大的不便。既然我们现在已经包括了$888新的商品目录，我们收到了大量关于它的询价。我们现在面临着从我们的目录取消它，并解释给客户，它不再可用。 The reason for China’s unexpected economic and trading growth is that the many experts tend to ignore an important factor, which is the scale economy effect in a country with the largest population in the world. The so-called scale of economy refers to that with the extension of production scale, the direct and indirect cost of each item will be eventually cut down so as to reduce the production costs and increase the income. The latest trade theory has proved that assuming two countries with the same resource gift but different economic scale, the one with larger scale will take the advantage un-der the free trade circumstance. 入世后中国经济与贸易增长的态势之所以出乎预料，是因为许多专家都忽视了一个至关重要的因素，那就是作为世界人口最多国家的规模经济效应。所谓规模经济，是指由于生产规模的扩大，可以减少每单位产品生产的直接和间接费用，从而降低生产成本，提高收益。最新的贸易理论已经证明，假定两个国家资源禀赋相同，但经济规模不同，那么在自由贸易条件下，规模较大的国家将处于优势地位。 . That is why I think you may be interested in my application. I do know the fundamentals of newspaper work, having been for two years editor of my university paper and for one year editor-in-chief of the Nanjing University Journal. I have just settled in Shanghai. I love this community and I would like to earn my living here. 这就是我认为您可能对我的申请感兴趣的原因。因为我当过两年的大学学报编辑，担任过一年《南京大学学报》的主编，我确实懂得新闻工作的基本原则。我刚在上海定居下来，我喜欢这个地方，愿意在这里谋生。 . We take pleasure in informing you of the merger of our company with Pacific Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai, which will come into effect on January 1st, 2008. 兹乐于通知贵方，本公司与上海的太平洋贸易股份有限公司合并，于2008年1月1日起生效。 The board urgently requires feedback on our experience with marketing promotion in Eastern-China Branch. I need to know some information for my report. Please fax this information directly to me. If you have any question, please do not hesitate to contact me. 董事会急着要我们就华东分部市场促销经验的反馈。我的报告需要一些信息。请将资料直接传真给我。如果你有什么问题，请立即和我联系。
英语复习资料+中文翻译Unit1Passage A4. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary1.The group elected one of its members to be their spokesperson.小组选出他们的一名成员以作他们的代言人2.Wage increases are being kept to a(n) minimum in many companies because of the economic depression.由于经济不景气,在许多公司里工资增长被保持最低。
3.The engineering profession now has many distinct branches.工程专业现在有许多突出的分支机构4. Now that you're 13 you should have more sense of responsibility.现在你十三岁了你应该有更多的责任感5.Students usually pursue one or more of the subjects which they have studied at "A" level, such as Art, Drama, English, Music, etc.学生们通常追求的一个或多个学科,在他们已研究过的水平,如艺术、戏剧、英语、音乐等6.We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible.我们应该确使我们尽可能充分地利用资源7. Congress is considering measures to restrict the sale of cigarettes.国会正在考虑采取措施限制出售香烟8. College courses should be designed to equip studentswith knowledge and skills to help them survive in modern society.大学课程的设计应使学生具备知识和技能,以帮助它们在现代社会生存9. The local government granted $1.1 million so that the old theatre could be taken down and rebuilt.当地政府提供赠款110万美元使旧剧院可以重建。
2015-2016上学期英汉翻译复习资料考试题型：理论填空（10%）、习语翻译（10%）、句子翻译（30%）、语篇翻译（50%）（有的只需翻译划线部分，请注意！）考试时间：2016.1.21 10：40-12：20一、填空，共5小题1. 1964年, 奈达博士在《翻译科学初探》(Toward a Science of Translating)一书中将译文读者引入翻译标准，提出了功能对等翻译的翻译原则。
2. 英语长难句汉译方法有：顺译法、逆译法、拆译法和综合法。
3. 按翻译手段而言，翻译可分为：口译（又可分为即席翻译和同声传译）、笔译、机器翻译等。
4. 汉语主要靠词序（按时间先后，因果先后等逻辑顺序）和内在意义结合，汉语没有或极少使用衔接手段，属意合语言（语义的意会性）。
5. 20世纪50年代初，傅雷在《〈高老头〉重译本序》中提出了“所求的不在形似而在神似”的重要观点；60年代初，钱钟书在《林纾的翻译》中提出了“化境”的翻译标准。
6.18世纪末叶，英国爱丁堡大学历史学教授、翻译理论家泰特勒在《翻译原理简论》一文中提出了“翻译三原则”，此三原则与严复的信达雅有异曲同工之妙。
7. 中国译论中不同时期的翻译标准可大致描述为：案本—求信—神似—化境—忠实、通顺—翻译标准多元互补论。
8. 受“中庸”哲学思想的影响，中国人的美学观念中特别强调平衡美，所以汉语中除了极为频繁使用对仗这一修辞格，还大量使用四字词组。
在英汉互译中要时刻考虑汉语这一特点。
9. 辜正坤在全国首届翻译理论研讨会上提出了“翻译标准多元互补论”，在该理论体系中，提出了翻译的最高标准是最佳近似度，这是一个形同虚设的抽象标准，真正有意义的是一大群具体标准。
10. 根据源语和目的语进行分类，翻译可分为语内翻译、语际翻译和符际翻译。
11. 按翻译题材，翻译可分为文学翻译、政论翻译、应用文翻译和科技翻译等。
12. 根据纽马克的观点，呼唤型文本（包括政治演说、通告、商业广告、公共宣传品、通俗作品等）属于“你”型，强调“读者层”，翻译单位为段落或篇章。
可采用交际翻译、习语翻译、自由翻译甚或改写。
13. 六朝时期鸠摩罗什曾提出“改梵为秦，失其藻蔚，虽得大意，殊隔文体，有似嚼饭与人，非徒失味，乃令呕哕也”；主张“依实出华”和“天然西域之语趣”，被人们称为意译的鼻祖。
14. 西方翻译研究中的解构学派代表人物之一韦努蒂认为：归化是“采取民族中心主义、文化自恋主义和文化帝国主义的态度，使外语文本符合译入语文化价值观，把原作者带入译入语文化。
”如要译者“显形”而不至于“隐身”，就必须采用异化翻译方法以保持异国情调，必要时可采用故意不大通顺的译文。
15. 《春秋谷梁传》中记载了孔子的“名从主人，物从中国”的翻译思想，而该译论比古罗马哲人西塞罗提出的“不要逐字翻译”早四五百年。
16. 按谱系来分，英语属于印欧语系；该语系包括12个语族和百余种语言。
汉语属于汉藏语系；该语系包括400多种语言和方言。
17. 西方翻译研究中的文化学派或翻译研究学派，已经从翻译作为两种语言文字转换媒介的层面，转移到了翻译行为所处的译入语语境以及相关的诸多制约翻译的因素上。
18. 翻译活动中主要涉及的因素有：作者(author)、原文(source text)、原文读者(source-text readers)、译者(translator)、译文(target text /translated version)、译文读者（target-text readers）等。
19. 英汉两种语言分属不同的类型(type)：英语属综合分析型，而汉语属分析黏着型。
20. 德国功能翻译学派试图摆脱以源语为中心等值论的束缚，把翻译从源语中心论的奴役中解放出来，从目的语角度阐释翻译(TL reader-centered)，认为翻译是一种有目的的交际活动，而源语文本只是“信息源”，处于从属地位。
二、习语翻译，共5小题1. It is no use crying over spilt milk.2. Easier said than done.3. Idleness is the root of all evil.4. The tailor makes the man.5. The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.6. A good husband makes a good wife.7. Easy come, easy go.8. Turn a deaf ear to9. Go through fire and water.10. As poor as a church mouse.11. A little is better than none.12. False friends are worse than bitter enemies.13. East or west, home is the best.14. Give him an inch and he will take a yard.15. Diamonds cut diamonds.16. Example is better than precept.17. The apple of the eye.18. Nothing ventured, nothing gained.19. Habit is second nature.20. A little learning is a dangerous thing.21. Bad excuses are worse than none.22. A bad beginning makes a bad ending.23. Necessity is the mother of invention.24. Ill news flies fast.25. A constant guest is never welcome.26. Failure teaches success.27. Haste makes waste.28. Far from eye, far from heart.29.God helps those who help themselves.30. Practice makes perfect.31. The Trojan horse.32. It is never too late to learn.33. Prevention is better than cure.34. Run with the tail between the legs.35. Courtesy costs nothing.36. Laugh off one’s head.37. Life is but an empty dream.38. Man proposes, God disposes.39. It takes two to make a quarrel.40. Of two evils choose the less.三、句子翻译，共10小题（部分来自以下句子翻译，另一部分来自课本1-5单元的例句和课内练习等）1.We are obliged to them (the two pioneers) because some of these languageshave since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.2.Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to thevalidity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.3.It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we cando is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.4.Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture”, like the concept of “set” inmathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.5.Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because weare not robots we therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its erroneous nature.6.But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “itwill be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”7.The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, theoil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of us.8.There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term(Intelligence) than there is on how to interpret or classify them.9.Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must besure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects providesa “valid” or fair “comparison”.10.While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the consciousmind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot Imake myself do this or achieve that? ”11.Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion orproblems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.12.Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created andconveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.13.Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humansand their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.14.While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians,modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.15.Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share commonorigins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.16.But we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds shouldcontinue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.17.This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world tosurvive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.18.During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented byadditional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.19.In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we callit, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.20.The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable realtreasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.21.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where thereare many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.22.Supporters of the nature theory insist that we are born with a certain capacityfor learning that is biologically determined.23.Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effectthat insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.24.There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar tohistorical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.25.In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of thebasic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.26.In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.27.Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great menof genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.28.But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly thanan ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.29.There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollutionmonitors that will disable them when they offend.30.In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successfulgroups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.31.The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection withthe process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.32.He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train ofthought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.33.Humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thussubjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.34.Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part ofan exchange of duties and entitlements.35.One could paraphrase much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering isinevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.36.The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because theexplanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.37.One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues totrace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.38.They (social scientists) want to explain why we possess certain characteristicsand exhibit certain behaviors.39.He was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage anessential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.40.The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond toenvironmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.四、语篇翻译（分两大题）来自课外（有的只需翻译划线部分，请注意！）。
