2011四川大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题

2011英语考研真题及答案解析四川大学考研网 / 2011-01-17文彦考研发布2011年考研英语(一)真题试题及参考答案SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher viewed laughter as “a bolidy eercise preicious to heath.”But 1 some claims to thecontrary ,laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consummption ,But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 ,a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the ,say,walking ot jogging does6 ,instead of straining muscles to bulid them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the7 ,studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies downSuch bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress.Anyway, the act og laughing probablydoes 11 one classical theory of emtion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of 19th centry that humens do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad when the tears begins to flowAlthiugh sadness also 14 tears ,evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experimemt published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wiirzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen eigher with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile-or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 17 expression. Those forced to exercise thrie enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, 19 that expression may influence emotions rather than just the other way around 20 ,the physical act of laughter could improve mood1. [A] among [B] except [C]despite [D] like2.[A] reflect [B]demend [C]indicate [D]produce3. [A] stabilizing [B] boosting [C] impairing [D] determining4. [A] transmit [B]sustain [C] evaluate [D] observe5.[A] measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6. [A] In turn [B] In fact [C] In addition [D] In brief7. [A] opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D] expected8. [A] hardens [B] weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9. [A] aggravate [B] generate [C] morderate [D] enhance10. [A] physical [B] mental [C]subcinscious [D]intermal11. [A] Except for [B] According to [C] Due to [D] Asfor12. [A] with [B] on [C] in [D]at13. [A] unless [B] until [C]if [D] because14. [A] exhausts [B] follows [C] precedes [D] supresses15. [A] into [B]form [C] towards [D] beyond16. [A] fecth [B] form [C] pick [D] hold17. [A] disappointed [B] excited [C] joyful [D] indifferent18. [A] adapted [B] catered [C]turned [D] reacted19. [A] suggesting [B] requiring [C] mentioning [D] supposing20. [A] Eventually [B] Consequently [C] Similatly [D] ConverselySectionⅡ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Reading the following fours texts. Answer the question below eachtext by Choosing [A],[B],[C] or [D]. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text 1The decision of the New York philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of theclassical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least “Hooray! A t last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music criticOne of the reason why the appiontment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilber is commparatively little known Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that semms likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint prwiseFor my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, be performs an impressive variety of interesting composition, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer amd download still more recorded music form iTumesDevoted concertgoers who reply that recording are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes , theeater companies, and museums, but also with the recorsed performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recording are cheap, available everwhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s choosing. The widespread availabilyty of such recording has thus brought about a ctisis in the institution of the traditional classical councertOne possible reponse is for classical performers to program attravtive new music that is not yet available on recors. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross , a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable ofturning the Phiharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely, expanding the orchestra’s repertorre will not be enough. If Gilbert and thr Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’a olderest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para 1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incured criticism[B]raised suspicion[C]raceived acclaim[D]around curiousity22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential[B]modest[C]respectable[D]talented23. The auther believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ingore the expense of live performance[B]reject most kinds of recorded performance[C]exaggerate the variety of live performanc[D]overestimate the variety of live performance24.According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often interror to live concerts in quality[B]They are easily accessible to the genral public[C]They help improve the quality of music[D]They have only convered masterpieces25.Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalixing the Philharmonic, the authir feels[A]doubtful[B]enthusisastic[C]confident[D]puzzledText 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,his expanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out andsaid he was leaving to presue my goal of running a company, broadcasting his ambition "was very much my decision," McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairmanon September 29.MaGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to refect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGeeisn't alone. In recent weeks the NO.2 executives Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In thethird quarter, CEo turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Krn Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey, "I can't think of a single search I've done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first."Those who jumped without a job haven't always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commoditied exchange. Robert Willumstad left CItigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally tookthat post at a major financial institurion three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad on. "The traditional rule was it'ssafer to stay where you are, bu that's been fundamentally inverted," says one headhunter. "The people who've been hurt the worst are those who've stayed too long"26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best bedescribed as being( )A. ArrogantB. frankC. self-centeredD. impulsive27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred by ( )A. their expectation of better financial statusB. their need to reflect on their private lifeC. their strained relations with the boardsD. their pursuit of new career goals28. The word "poached" (Line3, Paragraph 4) most probably means ( )A. approved ofB. attended toC.hunted forD. guarded against29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ( )A. top performers used to cling to their postsB. loyalty of top performers is getting out-datedC. top performers care more about reputationsD. it's safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. CEOs: where to GO?B. CEOs: All the Way Up?C. Top managers Jump without a NetD. The Only way out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional "paid " media-such as television commercials and print advertisements-still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create "owned" media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Webe site. The way consumenrs now approatch the board range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paind and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiators for users' responses. But in some cases, one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media-for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We difine such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong tha other organization palce their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. Thies trend, which we believe is still in its infance, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such asairlines and hotels and will no doubt go further John& JOhnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies' marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign become hostage to consumers,other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesse that originally created them.If that happends, passinate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly sites such as Twitter and thesocial-news sit Digg.31. Consumers may creat "earned" media when they are ( )A. obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sitesB. inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to themC. eager to help their friends promote quality productsD. enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products32. According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature ( )A. a safe business environmentB. random competitionC. Strong user trafficD. flexibility in organization33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media ( )A. invite constant conflicts with passinate consumersB. can be used to produce negative effects in marketingC. may be responsible for fiercer competitionD. deserve all the getative comments about them34. Toyota Motor's experience is cited as an example of ( )A. responding effectively to hijacked mediaB. persuading customers into boycotting productsC. cooperating with supportive consumersD. taking advantage of hijacked media35. Which of the following is the text mainly about?A. Alternatives to conventional paid mediaB. Conflict between hijacked and earned mediaC. Dominance of hijacked mediaD. Popularity of owned mediaText 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter-nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness, instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive-and newly single-mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, o sot any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then , to compare the regrets of parent to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing inthe world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course the image of parenthood that celebrity magazinelike Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.”It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36. Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A] temporary delight.[B] enjoyment in progress.[C] happiness in retrospect.[D] lasting reward.37. We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A] celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B] single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C] news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D] having children is highly valued by the public.38. It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folk.[A] are constantly exposed to criticism.[B] are largely ignored by the media.[C] fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D] are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39. According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A] soothing.[B] ambiguous.[C] compensatory.[D] misleading.40. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B] Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C] Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D] We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize those paragraph intoa coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them intothe numbered boxes. Paragraph E and C have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of sytle:22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a“general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr. Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”, they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up withprofessorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English department awarded more bachelor’s degrees in1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to du something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-art degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation top American universities have professionalized the professor. The growth on public money for academic research has speeded the process:federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalization, argues Mr. Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.” So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.” Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize. “Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.” Yet quite how that happens, Mr. Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.SectionⅢ WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendation.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use”Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52、DirectionWrite an essay of 160-200words based on the followingdrawing .In your essay ,you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended measing and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)旅途之余Section I Use of English1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．A11．B 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．B 16．D 17．A 18．D 1 9．A 20．CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21.C 22.B 23.D 24.B 25.A26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30. B31.D 32.C 33.B 34.A 35.A36.C 37.C 38.D 39.D 40. BPart B41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.FPart C Translation46. 艾伦的贡献在于提出了我们大家都认同的假设——我们不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思维——并且指出了这个假设是错误的。

四川大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)Ⅰ1.CPI（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(居民价格消费指数(Consumer Price Index) )解析：2.SME（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(中小型企业(Small and Medium Enterprises) )解析：3.WWF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(世界野生动物基金(World Wildlife Fund) )解析：4.ISO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(国际标准化组织(International Organization for Standardization) )解析：5.CIF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(到岸价格(Cost Insurance and Freight) )解析：6.Foxconn（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(富士康科技集团 )解析：7.MOFCOM（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(中华人民共和国商务部 )解析：8.TPP（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(泛太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定(Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement) )解析：9.IPCC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) )解析：10.Chemical Oxygen Demand（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(化学需氧量 )解析：11.the“100,000”Strong Initiative by President Obama（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(奥巴马总统十万强计划 )解析：12.carbon foot print（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(碳足迹 )解析：13.debt ceiling（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(债务上限 )解析：14.solar photovoltaics（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(太阳能光伏发电 )解析：15.Standard & Poor's（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(标准普尔 )解析：16.非关税壁垒（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Non-tariff barriers )解析：17.平板电视（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(flat television )解析：18.廉租房（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(low-rent houses )解析：19.经济二次触底（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(double dip recession )解析：20.海选（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(open audition )解析：21.剩男剩女（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(leftover women and men )解析：22.地沟油（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(swill-cooked dirty oil )解析：23.潜规则（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(hidden rules )解析：24.中国载人航天计划（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(China's manned space program )解析：25.紧缩性货币政策（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(tightened monetary policy)解析：26.云计算（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(cloud computing )解析：27.民心工程（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(morale project )解析：28.智能城市（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(smart city )解析：29.《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(The Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement )解析：30.《中庸》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(The Doctrine of the Mean )解析：Ⅱ31. High-speed ground transportation (HSGT) technologies with vehicle speeds exceeding 150 mph can be divided into two basic categories: High-speed rail (HSR) systems, with top speeds between 150 and 200 mph, use steel wheels on steel rails, as with traditional railroads, but can achieve higher speeds because of the design of both the rail bed and cars. High-speed magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) systems, with top speeds between 250 and 300 mph, use forces of attraction or repulsion from powerful magnets placed in either the vehicle or the guideway beneath it both to lift the vehicle above the guideway and to propel it forward. A MAGLEV vehicle can be likened to a flying train or a guided aircraft. If linked effectively with highways and air service, HSGT technologies-particularly MAGLEV—could have a significant impact on congestion in the future. When comparing HSR with MAGLEV technologies, MAGLEV appears to be the technology of choice. Though the new generation of HSR technology can reach commercial speeds of up to 186 mph, additional increases in speed pose great engineering problems, suggesting that rail transportation is a mature technology. MAGLEV technology, on the other hand, is in its infancy and will improve substantially with additional engineering.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：( 车速超过每小时150英里的高速地面交通系统技术，基本上可以分为两类：一种是最高速度每小时150英里到200英里(240～320千米)的高速铁路系统，与传统铁路一样，在钢轨上用钢轮。

2013年四川大学MTI考研真题回忆版翻硕英语题型和2012年是一样一样滴前10道是替换后10道词汇语法反正也不会重复考就不多说了阅读第一篇是关于司法第二篇？？？三四篇是回答问题的那种第三篇是讲苏格拉底第四篇超级长问题却很简单害我浪费时间看了半天。

很诡异很诡异因为那人是个神经病我还记得主人公名字叫Marek 和 Bondy作文也是给了一篇文章说教育部出台了减负方案家长不乐意了不能让孩子输在起跑线上什么什么的老生常谈了让根据文章写作文翻译基础1.SAARC2.P5-plus-13.QE 34.Social media5.CO2 equivalent6.BRICS7.Mandatory evacuation8.UN General Assembly 67th Session9.Non-Aligned movement10.CDM11.Hamid karzai12.十八大13.移动媒体14.亚欧首脑会议15.光棍节16.早稻田大学17.海上风能18.反倾销与反补贴19.上海期货交易所20.车载信息系统21.伦敦金融城22.电视相亲23.文心雕龙还有7个想不起来了。

静候别的同学补充。

答案LZ犯懒就不贴了哈哈大家可以思考一下英译汉1. 罗素的文章网上有原文The misfortunes of humanbeings may be divided into two classes: First, those inflicted by the non-human environment and, second, those inflicted by other people. As mankind have progressed in knowledge and technique, the second class has become a continually increasing percentage of the total. In old times, famine, for example, was due to natural causes, and although people did their best to combat it, large numbers of them died of starvation. Atthe present moment large parts of the world are faced with the threat of famine, but although natural causes have contributed to the situation, the principal causes are human. For six years the civilized nations of the world devoted all their best energies to killing each other, and they find itdifficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other alive. Having destroyed harvests, dismantled agricultural machinery, and disorganized shipping,they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one placeby means of a superabundance in another, as would easily be done if the economic system were in normal working order. As this illustration shows,it is now man that is man's worst enemy. Nature, it is true, still seesto it that we are mortal, but with the progress in medicine it will become more and more common for people to live until they have had their fill oflife. We are supposed to wish to live for ever and to look forward to theunending joys of heaven, of which, by miracle, the monotony will never grow stale. But in fact, if you question any candid person who is no longer young, he is very likely to tell you that, having tasted life in this world, hehas no wish to begin again as a 'new boy' in another. For the future, therefore, it may be taken that much the most important evils that mankind have to consider are those which they inflict upon each other through stupidityor malevolence or both.人的不幸可分为两类：第一类，乃由非人为的客观环境所造成，第二类，由他人所造成。

2010年四川大学翻译硕士357真题翻译硕士（MTI）备考系列I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one pint for each. (30’)1. OECD2. NASA3. IAEA4. ASEM5. UNICEF6. ASEAN7. APEC8. IPR9. CEPA10. Special Safeguard Mechanism11. Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis12. Free Trade Agreement13. bonded warehouse14. Encyclopedia Britannica15. binary opposition16. 《论语》17. 《红楼梦》18. 扫黄打非19. 西部大开发20. 高度自治21. 发烧门诊22. 转基因食品23. 小排量汽车24. 温室气体排放25. 创业板26. 中国特色的社会主义市场经济27. 选秀28. 外交庇护29. 稳健的货币政策30. 摸着石头过河II. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’)Source Text 1:For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to call--lamely, enviously-- whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person's "inside" and "outside," they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite paradoxical that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive-- and so ugly. One of Socrates' main pedagogical acts was to be ugly-- and to teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was. They may have resisted Socrates' lesson. We do not. Several thousand years later, we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty. We not only split off--with the greatest facility--the 'inside" (character, intellect) from the "outside" (looks); but we are actually surprised when someone who is beautiful is also intelligent, talented, good.Source Text 2:Frankly speaking, Adam, I created Eve to tame you. Indeed she is wiser than you because she knows less but understands more. Charm is her strength just as your strength is charm. Doubtless you are active, eager, passionate, variable, progressive and original but she is passive, stable, sympathetic and faithful. In other words you are like animals which use up energy, whereas she is like the plants which store up energy. Henceforth you have got to get along with her willy-nilly in sun and rain, joys and sorrows, peace and turbulence. For you the Rubicon has been crossed. It is up to you now to make the situation a blessing or a curse. I would refuse to entertain any more request from you to take her back.Source Text 3:新疆维吾尔自治区地处中国西北边陲，亚欧大陆腹地，面积166.49万平方公里，占中国国土面积六分之一，陆地边境线5600公里，周边与8个国家接壤，是古丝绸之路的重要通道。

四川大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案历年真题是最权威的，最直接了解各专业考研的复习资料，考生要重视和挖掘其潜在价值，尤其是现在正是冲刺复习阶段，模拟题和真题大家都要多练多总结，下面分享四川大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案，方便考生使用。

四川大学2011年翻译硕士考研真题及答案I.Directions: Translate the following words and expressions into the respective target language. (30′)1. IOC: 国际奥林匹克委员会(International Olympic Committee); 国际奥委会2. CAAC: 中国民用航空局(Civil Aviation Administration of China); 中国民航3. FBI: (美国)联邦调查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation)4. CPPCC: 中国人民政治协商会议(Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference)5. MDGs: 联合国千年发展目标(Millennium Development Goals)[2000年召开的联合国首脑会议上设定的新千年发展目标(MDGs)是，到2015年，将不能喝到安全饮用水、不能得到足够卫生设施的人口比例减半。

]6. NBA: 美国职业篮球联赛(National Basketball Association)7. UNEP: 联合国环境规划署(United Nations Environment Programme)8. DNA: 脱氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid)9. principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: 共同但有区别的责任原则10. Merger & Acquisition: 兼并(Merger)和收购(Acquisition) ; (企业)并购11. Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac: 美国两房-房利美和房地美[美国的两房是指，带有政府性质的、两个联邦住房贷款抵押融资公司，当初是美国政府解决老百姓的住房问题而组织的两个住房贷款公司]12. Strategic & Economic Dialogue: (中美)战略经济对话13. Non-Performing Loans: 不良贷款(NPLs)14. purchasing power parity: 购买力平价(法); 购买力平价理论[在经济学上，是一种研究和比较各国不同的货币之间购买力关系的理论]15. African Union: 非盟;非洲(国家)联盟16. 大规模杀伤性武器: weapons of mass destruction (WMD )17. 多边贸易体系: multilateral trading system18. 依法治国: Rule by Law19. 可再生能源: Renewable Energy (sources)20. 西气东输、西电东送: West-to-east gas and electricity transmission; electricity and gas transmission from the west to the east21. 第十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议: the Third Session of the 11th National People’s Congress22. “三农”工作: work relating agriculture, rural areas and farmers; the issues of agriculture, farmers and rural areas23. 《京都议定书》: Kyoto Protocol24. 亚奥理事会: Olympic Council of Asia ( OCA )25. 《易经》: The Book of Changes; I Ching26. 社会消费品零售总额: the total retail sales of consumer goods27. 积极的财政政策: a proactive fiscal policy28. 经济适用房: (economically) affordable house29. 伪娘: cross-dressing30. 中国达人秀: China’s Got TalentII. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English (120′)Source Text 1:Every year, tens of millions of animals are dissected, infected, injected, gassed, burned and blinded in hidden laboratories on college campuses and research facilities throughout the U.S. Still more animals are used to test the safety of cosmetics, household cleansers and other consumer products. These innocent primates, dogs, cats, rabbits, rodents and other animals are used against their will as research subjects in experiments and procedures that would be considered sadistically cruel were they not conducted in the name of science.Researchers claim that they must be allowed unfettered access to animals for experiments in order to find cures for human diseases, yet they refuse to address the serious ethical problems of torturing sentient creatures for research purposes. On top of that, over-reliance on animal experimentation has historically hindered scientific advancement and endangered human safety because results from animal research typically cannot be applied to humans. In fact, scientists could save more human lives by using humane non-animal research and testing methods that are more accurate and efficient.Source Text 2:Many philosophers, both Western and Eastern, agree that there are two major problems of induction. The first is the lack of certainty of conclusions drawn by means of induction that is inherent in inductive methods. The second is the extent to which we humans ignore the important issue of whether we are justified in believing something that is based only on inductively derived conclusions. This is an important issue both scientifically and socially. Any jury decision, for example, is arrived at by inductive means from evidence presented by prosecutors relying on police who arrested suspects based on their own use of inductive techniques. We sometimes make irrevocable decisions, for example, putting someone to death, based on inductive reasoning (and in at least 70 cases in the past decade, evidence not presented at the trial cleared people so sentenced, in some cases after they had been executed). Thus, in using induction as a method, many philosophers warn us to proceed with extreme caution.Source Text 3:中国西部论坛秉承交流信息、聚合智慧、共谋发展的宗旨，架起了一座让世界了解西部、让西部走向世界的桥梁,构建了一个世界与西部、东部与西部、西部与西部相互沟通、平等交流的平台。

2013四川大学翻译硕士MTI考研试题（回忆版）我尽量回忆全，水平太差，做题时间都不怎么够，整个状态都很紧张……所以记得不太全，以下顺序按记忆清晰程度排列。

一、汉语百科名词解释（25个）：1. 文艺复兴人文主义中世纪2. 易经形而上形而下3. 爱默生苏格拉底儒家4. 印度教伊斯兰教佛教5. 美国国会参议院众议院6. CPI PPI 通货膨胀7. 诺曼底登陆盟军第二战场8. 细胞学说能量守恒定律生物进化论马克思主义应用文：为某制药公司的中成药心血安康丸写说明书，450字左右。

考前看过一篇清热解毒丸的说明书倒是不难但我咋觉得要凑够450字那么不容易。

反正我应该是没够大作文：材料是今年关于央视“大裤衩”，苏州“秋裤楼”，以及传闻沈阳抚顺交界处即将修建的“大铁圈”等奇楼高楼引发的关于经济文化的质疑与思考，自拟题目800字。

二、英语翻译基础术语及缩略语翻译（30个）：P5+1，UNCTAD，SCO，CDM，BRICS，the 67th Session of the UN General Assembly 67th Session，fisical cliff，CO2 enquivalent，SAARC，QE 3，Social media，Mandatory evacuation，Non-Aligned movement，Hamid karzai中共十八大，移动媒体，亚欧首脑会议，光棍节，早稻田大学，海上风能，反倾销与反补贴，上海期货交易所，车载信息系统，伦敦金融城，电视相亲，文心雕龙英译汉：1. 罗素的文章网上有原文The misfortunes of humanbeings may be divided into two classes: First, thoseinflicted by the non-human environment and, second, those inflicted by otherpeople. As mankind have progressed in knowledge and technique, the secondclass has become a continually increasing percentage of the total. In oldtimes, famine, for example, was due to natural causes, and although peopledid their best to combat it, large numbers of them died of starvation. Atthe present moment large parts of the world are faced with the threat offamine, but although natural causes have contributed to the situation, theprincipal causes are human. For six years the civilized nations of the worlddevoted all their best energies to killing each other, and they find itdifficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other alive. Having destroyedharvests, dismantled agricultural machinery, and disorganized shipping,they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one placeby means of a superabundance in another, as would easily be done if theeconomic system were in normal working order. As this illustration shows,it is now man that is man's worst enemy. Nature, it is true, still seesto it that we are mortal, but with the progress in medicine it will becomemore and more common for people to live until they have had their fill oflife. We are supposed to wish to live for ever and to look forward to theunending joys of heaven, of which, by miracle, the monotony will never growstale. But in fact, if you question any candid person who is no longer young, he is very likely to tell you that, having tasted life in this world, hehas no wish to begin again as a 'new boy' in another. For the future, therefore, it may be taken that much the most important evils that mankind have toconsider are those which they inflict upon each other through stupidityor malevolence or both.人的不幸可分为两类：第一类，乃由非人为的客观环境所造成，第二类，由他人所造成。

一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Competence refers to the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language, while performance refers to the actual realization of the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.【试题解析】 (考查语言能力与语言运用)2 【正确答案】 Hypotactic language means in the language, the dependent or subordinate constructions and relationship of clauses are connected and shown by connectives, for example, English, while paratactic means in this language, clauses are arranged one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them, for example, Chinese.【试题解析】 (考查从属语言和并列语言)3 【正确答案】 Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and it is the linguistic competence of the speaker, while parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use.【试题解析】 (考查语言和言语)4 【正确答案】 The standard dialect is a particular variety of a language in that it is not related to any particular group of language users, but it is the variety which any member of a speech community can possibly use regardless of his social and geographical backgrounds, his gender and age.【试题解析】 (考查标准方言)5 【正确答案】 Immediate constituents are constituents immediately, directly, below the level of a construction, which may be a sentence like Poor John ran away, a word group like poor John or a word and a word may also be analyzed into its immediate constituents, morphemes.【试题解析】 (考查直接成分)6 【正确答案】 Binary analysis of word meaning means that in meaning analysis, if a word has the semantic feature A, then we can mark this word as[+ A]; if it does not have this semantic feature, then we can mark it as[-A]. For example, we can mark the following words as man(+ Male, + Adult, + Human), woman(-Male, + Adult, + Human)and boy(+ Male, -Adult, + Human).【试题解析】 (考查对分法)7 【正确答案】 When the meaning of a word narrows toward an unfavorable meaning, it is called degradation or degeneration or pejorative change. Some words once respectable may become less so and others once neutral in meaning may acquire a pejorative connotation. A "villain" , for example, was originally a man who worked on a farm or villa. At first, it was a term implying no contempt, and came to be a term of reproach. Other words like this are churl(once a man), boor(once a farmer)and so on.【试题解析】 (考查词义的降格)8 【正确答案】 Analogy is a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor, which usually concentrates on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that several common qualities of points of resemblance. For example; The sunflowers are shaking their heads and smiling. The broomcorn seems to be teams of Young Pioneers.【试题解析】 (考查类比)9 【正确答案】 In componential analysis, the small components dissected from the lexical meaning of a word, such as + MALE, + HUMAN, and + ADULT, are called semantic components or semantic properties.【试题解析】 (考查语义特征)10 【正确答案】 It refers to that words of different sets or classes may permit, or require, the occurrence of a word of another set or class to form a sentence or a particular part of a sentence. For instance, what can precede a noun(dog)is usually the determiners and adjectives, and what can follow it when it takes the position of subject will be predicators such as bark, bite, run, etc.【试题解析】 (考查共现关系)二、词汇题11 【正确答案】 workaholic; work + a + holic; -holic, now used as suffix, evolves from the word " alcoholic" .12 【正确答案】 spam; "spam" originates from "Spam".13 【正确答案】 telethon; television + thon; tele- comes from "television" , while -thon from "marathon".14 【正确答案】 modem; "modem" is the combination of "modulator" and "demodulator".15 【正确答案】 bit; "bit" evolves from "bitten".16 【正确答案】 brunch; "brunch" is the combination of "breakfast" and "lunch".17 【正确答案】 transistor: " transistor" is the combination of " transfer" and " resistor".18 【正确答案】 motel; "motel" is the combination of "motor" and "hotel".19 【正确答案】 glimmer: "glimmer" originates from "glam".20 【正确答案】 medicare; "medicare" is the combination of "medical" and "care".三、简答题21 【正确答案】 In cross-cultural communication, when people have some trouble and do not know how to behave correctly, they tend to turn to their source culture for help.(1 point)This is a strategy often used by communicators in a new cultural setting. Convenient as it is, this strategy may not always work well. Far too many bad stories can be told to illustrate this point. This is because people from different communities think, behave, and speak differently. If we are not ready for this difference, we may run into trouble.(2 points)Therefore, a principle that cross-cultural communicators should follow is to understand the target culture by transcending the source culture. Put alternatively,try to do as the Romans do when in Rome.(2 points)【试题解析】考查文化差异与跨文化交际。

翻译硕士英语考试科目：211翻译硕士英语适用专业：英语口译（MTI）、英语笔译（MTI）（试题共14页）（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）I. Vocabulary and grammar (30’)Multiple choiceDirections: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. The forests were very dry because of the dry spell.A. tree lineB. explorersC. draftD. drought2. Self-denial is one of their tenets.A. reasonsB. doctrinesC. rentersD. figures3. The Iranians did not see eye to eye with the Americans about releasing the hostages.A. viewB. scareC. agreeD. quarrel4. The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.A. puzzlingB. difficultC. terrifyingD. urgent5. The firm of Bonnin and Morris in Philadelphia was probably the first American company to manufacture porcelain.A. silverwareB. crystalC. chinaD. linen6. Children who come from deprived families are frequently poor readers.A. without respectB. without experienceC. without fundsD. without legs7. They raised a hue and cry just outside the gate.A. surrenderedB. built a temporary shelterC. made a great deal of noiseD. flew the flag8. Carlo showed us his diagram if the machine.A. insidesB. screwsC. sketchD. masterpiece9. The beggar solicited passers-by for money.A. requestedB. scowled atC. bargained withD. chased10. He took on so much work, he had no time for pleasure.A. allowedB. increasedC. accomplishedD. assumed11. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of _________realityA. what it is conceivedB. that is conceivedC. what is conceived to beD. that is being conceived of12. Using many symbols makes _______ to put a large amount of information on a single map.A. possibleB. it is possibleC. it possibleD. that possible13. A vacuum tube is a glass tube from which most of the air has been removed, _______ an almost complete vacuum.A. creatingB. createsC. is creatingD. it creates14. Booker T. Washington, acclaimed as a leading educator at the turn of the century, _____ of a school that later became the Tuskegee Institute.A. took chargeB. taking chargeC. charge was takenD. taken charge15. True hibernation takes place only among _______ animals.A. whose blood is warmB. blood warmC. warm-bloodedD. they have warm blood16. In central Georgia, archaeological evidence indicates that Native Americans first inhabited the area________.A. since thirteen centuriesB. thirteen centuries agoC. the previous thirteen centuriesD. thirteen centuries were before17. In ________, the advent of the telephone, radio, and television has made rapid long-distance communication possible.A. one hundred years laterB. one hundred years agoC. the one hundred years sinceD. the last one hundred years18. ________, The Yearling, won a Pulitzer Prize.A. Marjorie Rawlings’best work wasB. Marjorie Rawlings’best workC. Her best work was Marjorie Rawlings’D. That Marjorie Rawlings’best work19. Abstraction goes into the making of any work of art, ________ or not.A. whether the artist being aware of itB. the artist is being aware whetherC. whether the artist is aware of itD. the artist is aware whether20. Not until 1931 ________ the official anthem of the United StatesA. “The Star-spangled Banner”did becomeB. when “The Star-spangled Banner”becameC. did “The Star-Spangle Banner”becomeD. became “The Star-spangled Banner”II. Reading comprehension (40’)Section 1 Multiple choice (20’)Directions: In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.Passage AJustice and injustice in criminal adjudication are more than abstract concept; in modern America each term conjures up its own paradigm image. Justice occurs in a somber courtroom where a robber reaches a legal decision. Injustice is a bloodthirsty mob bearing lit torches, intimidating on the doors of the jail desperate to wreak revenge upon the suspected wrongdoer held within.This image of injustice provides many normative insights. One that courts have frequently drawn is that in criminal adjudication emotion is unalterably opposed to reason and thus to justice itself. Taking this principle a step farther, courts have urged that the more a legal issue might provoke popular rage, the harder courts must work to insulate the legal decision from emotive influence. The classic example is capital sentencing, an occasion which evokes strong emotions. Here the Supreme Court has worked to ensure that “any decision to impose the death sentence be, and appear to be, based on reason rather than caprice or emotion”. The Court has, over a period of years, undertaken an extensive regulatory project aimed at suppressing emotive influence in capital cases by mandating rationalistic ruled to guide sentencing. This insistence upon the injustice of all emotion stems from a misconception of emotion and its influence upon criminal punishment. Although the mob at jail scene illustrates that anger can lead to injustice, it does not support the proposition that all decisions influenced by anger are morally tainted. Anger can be justified and have moral decision making is complex; untangling it involved a close examination of emotion than the law has generally undertaken.This has obvious significance for criminal law as a form of social concord. But it is also important or its alleged role as a restraint on power. Criminal law does little or nothing to restrict the efforts of the various professionals now responsible for preventing and reshaping deviant behavior. Rather it is them who have colonized its territory, as in the welfare of the professional authority that legitimates them and because they enter into the enabling role of the state as dispenser of benefits. This is to say nothing of other forms of market and bureaucratic power and social control exercised by groups other than government. Under these conditions the alleged protections of the criminal law seem premised on a nineteenth century view of the state and society; those interested in the law in the twentieth century must look to the potential of administrative law rather than to criminal law. Either way critical writers would be wasting their time here.Whilst there is a lot of truth in this picture of the declining importance of criminal law, it issensible not to exaggerate its loss of functions. From a critical point of view it would seem to retain a crucial ideological significance as being the form of closet touch with public. It is hard to credit the idea that these central liberal (bourgeois) notions have been displaced by the newer disciplines and strategies.1.The reason for the insulation of emotions in criminal adjudication is due to_______.A. the severity of the possible punishmentB. the social concern for the adjudicationC. the Supreme Court decisionD. the ideal of keeping order2. According to the author’s opinion, the origination of the insistence upon the injustice of all emotion is __________.A. that emotion is inevitably against reason and justiceB. the misunderstanding of emotion and its influenceC. the courts’hard work to prevent the legal decision from emotive influenceD. that the death sentence was based on reason through suppressing emotive influence3. Regards to the role of anger in adjudication, which statement is INCORRECT?A. Only part of the decisions is influenced by anger, though it can bring biases.B. Though moral decision-making is complex, anger can be justifiedC. Some decisions influenced by anger can be morally taintedD. Because of anger, moral decision-making is quite complicated4. The declining importance of criminal law is a consequence of ___________.A. the loss of importance of criminal law and increase of interest in government as a benefit dispenserB. the exaggeration of the importance of criminal law and decrease of interest in government affairsC. the new trend in legal studiesD. the new ideas pouring out in the administrative law field5. The review is primarily ___________.A. dubiousB. objectiveC. partialD. criticalPassage BThe Eskimos believe that a human being is made up of a body, a soul, and a name, and it not complete unless it has all three. This belief has a great effect on the Eskimo’s daily life and runs like a golden thread through the Eskimo culture.As for the soul of man, the Eskimos do not claim to know exactly what it is—but then, who does? They see it, however, as the beginning of life, the initiator of all activities within a being, and the energy without which life cannot continue.An Eskimo’s name is believed to have a life of its own. It combines all the good qualities and talents of all the persons who have been called by it. One may imagine it as a procession ofancestors stretching into the dim past and surrounding the present bearer of the name with a sort of magic protective aura.Many Eskimos believe that a newborn baby cries because it wants its name and will not be complete until it gets it. Immediately after a birth the angakok (medicine man) or some wise elders of the tribe gather to name the child. The name that is selected must be the name of someone who has died recently. The choice may in some cases call for much conjuring and soothsaying, and in other cases be self-evident. When my son was born, everyone realized that it was his great-grandfather, Mequsaq, who had died a few months before, who had been reborn in him. The newborn infant had a slight squint in the very same eye that old Mequsaq had lost to the cannibals in Baffin Land. This was taken as a sign from the name spirit that the baby should be called Mequsaq.When, in 1927, I returned to Thule for a visit, I found that no fewer than five little girls had been named Navarana after my dear late wife. So great was the confidence in Navarana’s ability and character that there was believed to be enough for all five children. It was thus a beautiful and touching memorial to her, though a slightly expensive one for me, since I had to give all the little girls presents.More often he newborn child was given several names, so as to have the highest possible protection, and certain names became great favorites. Calling so many by the same name was often very confusing. This custom was continued in Christianized Greenland. In the little settlement of Kook, in the Upernavik district, all five hunters were called Gaba (after the archangel Gabriel). I was told that some years before, a great man called Gaba had died, and after his death several unmistakable signs indicated that his spirit was still active. To please the spirit, many boy babies were named after it. In order to distinguish between them they called them “fat Gaba,”“Little Gaba,”etc.A Polar Eskimo would never mention himself by name. Doing so could break the name’s magic protection. And since the ever jealous spirits are always listening, it could cause great trouble. It seemed strange to me in the beginning, when I met somebody in the dark of winter, that I was never able to get any information other than “Oanga”(it is I). Finally I learned to know them all by their voices.The Eskimo people believe also in the magic protective power of amulets, However, it isn’t the amulet itself that protects from harm—it is the properties that the amulet possesses. It is almost always the boys and the men who are given amulets, for they are the ones who expose themselves to all the dangers of nature while the women stay at home. When a girl is given amulets, it is usually to insure that she have strong sons. Great care goes into the selection of amulets. My wife Navarana carried a little ball of polished wood with her always. Wood cannot feel pain, and possession of it means great wealth; thus it is thought that a wooden amulet can insure the owner a rich and painless life.One of the most popular amulets is the foot of a raven, which is put on a string around the necks of newborn babies. This is believed to be a very valuable charm because no bird can get along under as hard conditions as does the raven. The raven finds food where other animals starve to death—it can live on almost nothing.At the end of my first walrus hunt at Thule, Ayorsalik, one of the hunters, decided that raven meat was to be eaten in my honor. The purpose of the raven feast, he said, was to make sure that the good luck I had had that morning would continue indefinitely.Two of the younger men shot three ravens that had been hovering expectantly near our campfire. Ayorsalik out the pot on to boil, and the ravens were skinned and cooked.Their taste was revolting, and later I ate that bird only in times of great hunger. On this occasion Ayorsalik handed me all three hearts and livers with his fingers; they went down, but they almost came up again. I don’t know whether this ritual had any effect. But later on, whenever I had sizable game, Ayorsalik claimed I would lose the ravens’power if I were not to share with him.Another interesting custom of the Eskimos is their ceremony of reverence for ancestors. On the rock of Agpat, near Thule, where the burial ground was, both men and women would sit for hour after hour in quiet meditation. Dressed in their finest clothing, they would stare out over the horizon without moving. They believed that during this stillness they received the wisdomof their ancestors. It is the nearest thing to religious devotion I have seen among them, and it is, I think, the most beautiful form of worship I have ever seen.To the Eskimo, nature is full of evil spirits ready to work ill if a sin or breach of taboo is committed. When a tribe is afflicted with sickness or bad weather or starvation, it is up to the angakok to find out how the people, knowingly or unknowingly, have offended the spirits. He can summon his helping spirits, he can travel to the underworld, under the sea, and through rocks, and thus find out where the trouble is.Essentially, angakoks are people who are experienced in the state of trance. I have often observed even the people serving in our house at Thule in a state of trance, sometimes for days on end. To understand the Eskimos, it is necessary to remember the long depressing winter with its black darkness and its aura of lurking evil, and the summer with its perpetual sunshine that wearies the mind and confuses the senses. Every fall we had a veritable epidemic of evil spirits along with the storms and the darkness of winter setting in. There was always panic at this time.The Eskimos know no benevolent god. They believe that the spirits of the angakoks and the protective spells of names and amulets are their only defense against a cold and hostile land.6. If asked “Who is it?”an Eskimo would answer only “It is I,”because______.[A] he would not want anyone to know who he was[B] if he said his own name he would break its spell[C] he did not know his actual name[D] Both A and B.7. There is evidence in the passage that the author’s wife had______.[A] won the Eskimos’approval during several visits[B] many names[C] been accepted by the Eskimos only because of their love for her husband.[D] been an Eskimo herself8. According to the passage, Eskimos depend most heavily on______.[A] evil spirits[B] charms and magic[C] a helpful god[D] nature9. The word “revolting”in paragraph 12 means______.[A] shocking[B] rebellious[C] nauseating[D] wicked10. The Eskimo believed that sitting quietly near their buried ancestors_______.[A] was the best way to express faith in God[B] helped the hunters to find food[C] gave them the wisdom of their ancestors[D] was the best way to pay tribute to the dead.Section 2 Answering questions (20’)Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.Questions 1～3What do we mean by leisure, and why should we assume that it represents a problem to be solved by the arts? The great ages of art were not conspicuous for their leisure-at least, art was not an activity associated with leisure. It was a craft like any other, concerned with the making of necessary things. Leisure, in the present meaning of the word, did not exist. Leisure, before the Industrial Revolution meant no more than “time”or “opportunity”; “If your leisure serv'd, I would speak with you”, says one of Shakespeare's characters. Phrases which we still use, such as “at your leisure”, preserve this original meaning.But when we speak of leisure nowadays, we are not thinking of securing time or opportunity to do something; time is heavy on our hands, and the problem is how to fill it. Leisure no longer signifies a space with some difficulty secured against the pressure of events: rather it is a pervasive emptiness for which we must invent occupations-Leisure is a vacuum, a desperate state of vacancy--a vacancy of mind and body. It has been commandeered by the sociologists and the psychologists: it is a problem.Our diurnal existence is divided into two phases, as distinct as day and night. We callthem work and play. We work so many hours a day, and, when we have allowed the necessary minimum for such activities as eating and shopping, the rest we spend in various activities which are known as recreations, an elegant word which disguises the fact that we usually do not even play in our hours of leisure, but spend them in various forms of passive entertainment or entertainment--not football but watching football matches; not acting, but theatre-going; not walking, but riding in a motor coach.We need to make, therefore, a hard-and-fast distinction not only between work and play but, equally, between active play and passive entertainment. It is, I suppose, the decline of active play —of amateur sport—and the enormous growth of purely receptive entertainment which has given rise to a sociological interest in the problem. If the greater part of the popu1ation, instead of indulging in sport, spend their hours of leisure ‘viewing' television programmes, there will inevitably be a decline in health and physique. And, in addition, there will be a psychologicalproblem, for we have yet to trace the mental and moral consequences of a prolonged diet of sentimental or sensational spectacles on the screen. There is, if we are optimistic, the possibility that the diet is too thin and unnourishing to have much permanent effect on anybody. Nine films out of ten seem to leave absolutely no impression on the mind or imagination of those who see them: few people can give a coherent account of the film they saw the week before last, and at longer intervals they must rely on the management to see that they do not sit through the same film twice.We have to live art if we would be affected by art. We have to paint rather than look at paintings, to play instruments rather than go to concerts, to dance and sing and act ourselves, engaging all our senses in the ritual and discipline of the arts. Then something may begin to happen to us: to work upon our bodies and our souls.It is only when entertainment is active, participated in, practiced, that it can properly be called play, and as such it is a natural use of leisure. In that sense play stands in contrast to work, and is usually regarded as an activity that alternates with work. It is there that the most fundamental error enters conception of daily life.Work itself is not a single concept. We say quite generally that we work in order to make a living: to earn, that is to say, sufficient tokens which we can exchange for food and shelter and all the other needs of our existence. But some of us work physically, tilling the land, minding the machines, digging the coal; others work mentally, keeping accounts, inventing machines, teaching and preaching, managing and governing. There does not seem to be any factor common to all these diverse occupations, except that they consume our time, and leave us little leisure.We may next observe that one man's profession or work is often another man’s recreation or play. The merchant at the week-end becomes a hunter (he has not yet taken to mining); the clerk becomes a gardener; the machine-tender becomes a breeder of bull—terriers. There is, of course, a sound instinct behind such transformations. The body and mind are unconsciously seeking compensation--muscular coordination, mental integration. But in many cases a dissociation is set up and the individual leads a double life--one half Jekyll, the other half Hyde. There is a profound moral behind that story of Stevenson's for the compensation which a disintegrated personality may seek will often be of an anti-social nature. The Nazi party, for example, in its early days was largely recruited from the bored--not much from the unemployed as from the street-corner society of listless hooligansScientific studies have been made of street-corner society, out of which crime, gangsterdom, and fascism inevitably develop. It is a society with leisure--that is to say, spare time--and without compensatory occupation. It does not need a Satan to find mischief for such idle hands to do. They will spontaneously itch to do something: muscles have a life of their own unless they are trained to purposeful actions. Actions, or rather activities, are the obvious reflex to leisure; they consume it, and leave the problem solved.But work is also activity, and if we reach the conclusion that all our time must be filled with one activity or another, the distinction between work and play becomes rather meaningless, and what we mean by play is merely a change of occupation. We pass from one form of activity to another; one we call work, and for that we receive pay; the other we call play, and for that we receive no pay--on the contrary, we probably pay a subscription.1. The author points out two kinds of danger that may arise from the misuse of leisure. One of them is the result of purely passive entertainment; the other results when work and play are not properly coordinated What are the two dangers? Which of them is particularly harmful to society?2. The author says that most films are not good enough to leave a permanent impression on our minds. Is this, in his opinion, a good thing or a bad thing? In what way?3. What, in the author’s opinion, is the real difference between work and play? Or is there no difference at all between them? .Questions 4～5History tells us that in ancient Babylon, the cradle of our civilization, the people tried to build a tower that would reach to heaven. But the tower became the tower of Babel, according to the Old Testament, when the people were suddenly caused to speak different languages. In modern New York City, a new tower, that of the United Nations Building, thrusts its shining mass skyward. But the realization of the UN’s aspirations—and with it the hopes of the peoples of the world—is threatened by our contemporary Babel: about three thousand different languages are spoken throughout the world today, without counting the various dialects that confound communication between peoples of the same land.In China, for example, hundreds of different dialects are spoken; people of some villages have trouble passing the time of day with the inhabitants of the next town. In the new African state of Ghana, five million people speak fifty different dialects. In India more than one hundred languages are spoken, of which only fourteen are recognized as official. To add to the confusion, as the old established empires are broken up and new states are formed, new official tongues spring up at an increasing rate.In a world made smaller by jet travel, man is still isolated from many of his neighbors by the Babel barrier of multiplying languages. Communication is blocked daily in scores of ways. Travelers find it difficult to know the peoples of other nations. Scientists are often unable to read and benefit from the work being carried on by men of science in other countries. The aims of international trade, of world accord, of meetings between nations, are blocked at every turn; the work of scholars, technologists, and humanists is handicapped. Even in the shining new tower of the United Nations in New York, speeches and discussions have to be translated and printed in the five official UN languages—English, French, Spanish, Russian and Chinese. Confusion, delay, suspicion, and hard feelings are the products of the diplomatic Babel.The chances for world unity are lessened if in the literal sense of the phrase, we do not speak the same language. We stand in dire need of a common tongue a language that would cross national barriers, one simple enough to be universally learned by travelers, businessmen, government representatives, scholars, and even by children in school.Of course, this isn’t a new idea. Just as everyone is against sin, so everyone is for a common language that would further communication between nations. What with one thing and another —our natural state of drift as human beings, our rivalries, resentments, and jealousies as nations —we have up until now failed to take any action. I propose that we stop just talking about it, as Mark Twain said of the weather, and do something about it. We must make the concerted, massive effort it takes to reach agreement on the adoption of a single, common auxiliary tongue. Let’s take a quick look at the realities of the problem. One of the main barriers to the adoption of the common language is the fact that there is Babel even among the possible languages we canchoose. A number of different simplified languages vie for the spot of the language, and their respective advocates defend and attack with the fervor of political campaigners. Basic English, for example, with its vocabulary of only 850 words with which virtually anything can be expressed, has many advocates. But the Soviet Union and many nations of Asia and South America object to it. Why English? They ask. Why not Basic Russian, Basic Spanish, even Basic Latin?In addition to the “basics”of languages now in use, there is another type—the so-called “constructed languages,”of which some six hundred have made their appearance since the end of the nineteenth century, most of them almost immediate failures. The two best-known survivors among them are, of course, Esperanto and Interlingua.Esperanto was published in 1887 by a Russian-Polish physician names Zamenhof, who had worked on it for ten years. He gave it to the world not under his own name but under the pseudonym Doktoro Esperanto, meaning “Doctor Hopeful.”Esperanto is based on regularity and ease of grammar, with a vocabulary from Roman-Germanic roots. By the end of the century Esperanto had taken hold in western Europe.Interlingua made its appearance much later—in 1951. A group of linguists from many nations took nearly thirty years to perfect it. Essentially, Interlingua is Latin stripped of its difficulties. Its introducer, Dr. Alexander Gode, refers to it as “a kind of twentieth century kitchen Latin.”Indeed, Interlingua can be read by most college-trained people almost at sight.I do not by any means consider myself an authority on the relative merits of the various proposed common languages, but Dr. Mario Pei, of Columbia University in New York City, has written a fine book on the subject called One Language for the World. In this book Dr. Pei says he believes that it makes little difference which language or what kind of language becomes the international language, as long as agreement can be reached among the people of the world on any one.For my own part, it seems to me that the main requirement of an international language is that it be easily learned. Thus it should have the simplest possible spelling and grammar and pronunciation, and the smallest possible vocabulary. An adult should be able to master such a language within three months if he gives several hours a day to the study of it.What can be done concretely to achieve the goal of a working common language? I believe that the UNESCO arm of the United Nations should call a meeting of leading linguists from each of its member nations. (This would include most of the major populated areas of the world.) As Dr. Pei recommends, the purpose of the conference would be to select an already existing language agreeable to a preponderance of the nations represented. Such an agreement won’t come without determined effort: it may take more than one conference to reach agreement; it may take many more. The important thing is that some positive action be taken.Such a conference should be called without further delay; we are sorely in need of this first step. Only with an international language in use, with the proceedings of the UN published in it, with children in schools all over the world learning it as their second language, can we close the gap between the “one world”so recently established in terms of travel time and the one world we hope for in terms of human understanding and co-operations.Because I believe strongly that without the closing of this gap international accord is only a vain hope, I’ve taken it upon myself to try to implement this proposal. Since it is most unlikely that either UNESCO or the nations involved have funds to finance the linguists’conference, I think that one of the great philanthropic foundations, such as the Ford, Carnegie, or Rockefeller Foundation, should undertake to make it possible.。

《汉语写作与百科知识》样题第一部分百科知识（50’）请简要解释以下段落中划线部分的知识点1.这次股市波动在全球都有一定的关联影响，这说明全球化在逐步进展。

过去中国认为自己的市场是一个相对比较小型的市场，也是一个正在建设中的、比较幼年的市场，或者说是在转轨经济中逐步发展的新兴市场。

由于全球经济一体化的进展，股市波动相互之间关联密切，这也说明中国的市场还需要加速发展，我们要进一步提高直接融资的比重，进一步把资本市场建设得更好、更快、更加国际化。

关于流动性过剩问题。

流动性偏多是全球的现象，中国也存在流动性偏多的问题。

美国财政赤字那么大，它那儿的流动性也很丰富，产油国资金也很丰富。

因此，资金面上的宽松是全球一体化之下相互影响的现象。

宏观调控当局都应该重视这个问题，做好自己的工作，对于过剩的流动性应该采取稳健的、适当收缩的政策。

2.端午原是个防病防灾的日子，却因大诗人屈原增添了纪念层面的意义，增添了爱国情怀和报国无门的悲情、齐心协力救助生命的悲壮；因了陶渊明酷爱重阳，因了他酷爱的菊的勾连，重阳节衍生了“颂陶”的文化意蕴，歌颂他“人淡如菊”的精神境界，“重阳无酒”也成了知识分子安贫乐道的形象写真。

3.1994年起，比尔·盖茨开始了他的收藏爱好。

作为拥有600亿美元财富的收藏者，盖茨想买什么就可以买什么，而他购买艺术品似乎也完全凭个人的兴趣，没有明确的学术或商业性目标。

还有很多不知名的微软富翁也有收藏艺术品的爱好，这些微软人囊中的巨额财富和近乎疯狂的收藏行为对美国艺术市场产生巨大的推动作用，证明了微软公司在文化市场中有多重要。

一个软件公司创造的巨额财富使大量重要艺术作品流向微软人手中，流向西雅图。

4.2009年3月的全国“两会”上，吴邦国提出，今年要着力加强社会领域立法，继续完善经济、政治、文化领域立法。

社会领域的公平正义，变化并没有那么快，我们只需要翻找出过去的研究和报道，就可以看到今天的问题所在。

川大考试科目： 451汉语写作与百科知识适用专业：英语口译（MTI）、英语笔译（MTI）（试题共 3 页）（注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）第一部分百科知识（50’）请简要解释以下段落中划线部分的知识点：1、秦汉是中国文学的形成期。

秦代文学成就甚微，稍有成就的仅李斯一人。

汉代是我国文学自觉的萌动期，汉赋是汉代文学的代表，政论散文和史传文学也取得了突出的成就，诗歌远不及前二者，但在文学史上亦有重要地位及影响，尤其是乐府民歌。

汉赋经过了骚体赋、大赋、小赋三个发展阶段。

代表两汉史传文学文学的最高成就的是《史记》，在史学、文学方面都有显著的成就，被鲁迅先生誉为“史家之绝唱，无韵之《离骚》”。

《汉书》是继《史记》之后我国古代又一部重要史书，与《史记》、《后汉书》、《三国志》并称为“前四史”。

2、《联合国气候变化框架公约》中将“气候变化”定义为：“经过相当一段时间的观察，在自然气候变化之外由人类活动直接或间接地改变全球大气组成所导致的气候改变。

”1979年，第一次世界气候大会呼吁保护气候；1992年通过的《联合国气候变化框架公约》确立了发达国家与发展中国家“共同但有区别的责任”原则；1997年通过的《京都议定书》确定了发达国家2008年~2012年的量化减排指标。

在人为因素中，气候变化主要是由于工业革命以来人类活动，特别是发达国家工业化过程的经济活动引起的。

化石燃料燃烧和毁林、土地利用变化等人类活动所排放温室气体导致大气温室气体浓度大幅增加，温室效应增强，从而引起全球气候变暖。

全球变暖将导致地球气候系统的深刻变化，使人类与生态环境系统之间业已建立起来的相互适应关系受到显著影响和扰动。

3、二十国集团（G20）伦敦金融峰会2009年4月2日落下帷幕，与会领导人就国际货币基金组织增资和加强金融监管等、全球携手应对此次金融危机的议题达成多项共识。

二十国集团领导人同意为国际货币基金组织和世界银行等多边金融机构提供总额1.1万亿美元资金，以帮助陷入困境的国家。

一．2011首都师范翻硕真题1.名词翻译英汉：currency appreciation 货币升值the book of songs 诗经NPC 全国人民代表大会the divine comedy 神曲汉英：少数民族地区the minority areas股市指数the stock market(exchange) index国际法主体subject of international law国际法准则standard of international law素质教育education for all-round development公务员civil servant网络空间cyberspace2.翻译formal usage about english, several occasions the formal english is required, including, report by profession group to a government, writings to a seriousjournal, job application, etc.??an unintended consequences of globalization, some countries thrive and others furstrated, and all those take accounts for terrision, which we have the very best interest to wipr it out.汉英一篇象讲话? 在当今的国际关系下，只有。

才是各国发展的基础，世界平安发展的保证。

还有一篇是在这个功利的社会，奔波劳顿，勾心斗角，想要随心所欲，实在是不容易。

人们从孩提时代就海事追组，学位，工作，恋爱，婚姻，事业，名利等。

......。

作文是给材料的。

材料是一个人，如果没有经过翻译学习，那么即使他的语言在美丽，在一段外文面前，也失去了原有的语言能力。

翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试四川大学2014年真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：30.00)1.It could not be ruled out that, sooner or later, the country would break out of the treaty. （分数：2.00）A.confirmedB.toleratedC.excluded √D.refuted解析：[解析] 句意：不能够排除这种可能：这个国家迟早会破坏协议。

rule out排除；排除……的可能性。

exclude排除，排斥；拒绝接纳。

confirm确认，批准；证实。

tolerate容许；忍受。

refute反驳，驳斥。

2.Lincoln, former president of the United States, is a conspicuous example of a poor boy who succeeded.（分数：2.00）A.sturdyB.obstinateC.permanentD.manifest √解析：[解析] 句意：美国前任总统林肯是贫穷孩子成就伟大事业的最明显的例子。

conspicuous显而易见的，显著的。

manifest显然的，明显的；明白的。

sturdy坚定的；强健的。

obstinate顽固的，倔强的；难以控制的。

permanent永久的，永恒的；不变的。

3.He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.（分数：2.00）A.tenacityB.curiosityC.civility √D.hostility解析：[解析] 句意：他在处理与老板的关系时缺乏礼貌，举止不够得体。

courtesy谦恭有礼，礼貌。