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商务英语词汇Zhou Y. fang 商务英语词汇Zhou Y fang《国际商务英语词汇》Business English Words & Expressions1. IntroductionCommunication 交际，沟通 downward communication 向下沟通 Upward communication 向上沟通 perception 理解、感知、感觉 Nonverbal communication 非语言交际 intimate distance 亲密／隐私谈话距离 Personal distance 私人／个人谈话距离 social distance 社交谈话距离 Public distance 公众场合谈话距离 feedback 反馈 Socioeconomic stratum 社会经济地位／身份 peer 同等的人；窥视，凝视 A wide assortment of 多种多样的2. Communication Principles (1)liquidate 清算 proceeds 收益 solicit 恳求 consensus 一致同意，多数人的意见 clichés 陈腐的词语 trite 陈腐的 integrity 正值，诚实 ethics 道德规范 recipient 接受者 figurative language 修饰性／比喻性语言 literal language 无夸张的/朴实语言 Poster 海报，招贴3. Communication Principles (2)jargon 行话 intangible concepts 说不清的/模糊的概念 visual aids 视觉辅助手段 unity 整体性 coherence 连贯性 substandard language 不合规格的／标准以下的语言 non-discriminatory expressions 无歧视性词语 consideration 体谅 courtesy 谦恭，礼貌1商务英语词汇Zhou Y fang4. Process of Preparingneutral 中立的，中性的 goodwill 善意／友好／亲切；商誉／信誉 mental filter 智力过滤 mortgage loan 抵押贷款 memorandum 备忘录，便函 deductive approach 演绎法 buffer 缓冲 conviction 深信，确信 inductive approach 归纳法 checklist 核查表 questionnaire 问卷，调查表 correspondent 通信的一方，通信者5. Appearance of Business LettersWords & Expressions letterhead 信笺上方印刷的文字 inside address 信纸左上角的收信人姓名和地址 open punctuation 信内地址等无标点符号的格式 salutation 称呼 courtesy title 尊称 complimentary close 信尾客套语 block style 平头式 indented style 缩进式 attention line 经办者指定栏 for the attention of …由…亲启 private and confidential 私函和保密函 reference 参考 subject title 主题 sole trader 专营商 joint stock company 股份公司 Managing Director/Chief Executive (CEO) 总经理，董事经理，首席执行官 Chairman/ President 董事长，总裁 Board of directors 董事会 sales manager 销售经理，营业主任 chief accountant 总会计师，会计主任 PLC (public limited company) 股票上市公司 p.p. (per pro) 由……代表 Inc. (incorporated) 有限公司 Ltd. (limited) 有限的 Enc./Encl. (Enclosure) 随函附件 registered number 注册编号6. Routine Business Letters (1)creative marketing 创造性营销 be tailored for … 使……适合…… gross profit 毛利2商务英语词汇Zhou Y fangretail business 零售业 partnership 合伙，合伙企业 current balance 当前收支差额 referral 被推举的人 be committed to 忠于……的 brochure 小册子 keep abreast of 保持与……并列 securities 有价证券 prospect 可能成为顾客的人 craftsmanship 技术，工艺 territory 地域 credential 凭证，背景资料 principal 负责人，本金 subsidiary 补充的，辅助的 to offer concessions 让步 trade discount 商业折扣，同行折扣 goods on approval 送样货物 goods on sale or return 剩货包退 trade reference 贸易参考 routine requests 常规询价 overheads 企业一般管理费用 counter offer 还盘，还价 to quote a firm price 报确定价格 wholesale price 批发价 net price 净价，实价 gross price 毛价，总价 negotiable terms 可议条款 bill of exchange 汇票 a provisional order 临时订单 a trial order 试定货 a firm order 确认订单，不可撤销订单 to place/confirm/acknowledge/accept/deliver/cancel an order to refuse/reject/turn down an order to fill/fulfill/make up/complete/meet/supply an order a compliment slip 答谢便函 a covering letter 附信，伴书 an advice of dispatch 发货通知 (For details, see pp.102-104) Notes: protest vt. To declare (a bill) dishonored or refused.拒绝支付，宣布（票据）拒受或拒绝n. A formal statement drawn up by a notary for a creditor declaring that the debtor has refused to accept or honor a bill. 拒付证书由公证人起草的正式声明，告知负债人债权人拒绝接受或承兑的票据7. Routine Business Letters (2)New Words & Expressions a remittance 汇款 a pro-forma invoice 形式发票/预开发票 a statement of account 财务报表，结算清单 a credit / debit note 贷方/借方通知（票据）refund 退还，退款 due date 应付日期 prompt payment 提示付款 overdue account 过期账款 open account facility 贸易账户/未结平账户 to clear / settle an account 结清账目3商务英语词汇Zhou Y fangto cover a debt 支付债务 a final demand 最后请求/要求 carriage forward 运费交货时照付/运费由收（提）货人支付 COD (cash on delivery)货到付款 a current account 经常账户 a savings account 储蓄存款账户 a bank transfer 银行间转账，银行汇款 a mail transfer (MT)信汇 a telegraphic transfer (TT)电汇 a bank draft 银行汇票 a bill of exchange 商业汇票，国外汇票 a letter of credit (L/C) a money order 邮政汇票 a promissory note 本票，期票 documentary credit 跟单信用证 Value Added Tax (VAT) 增值税 postage and packing (p&p)邮资与包装费 Errors and omissions are excepted (E&OE) 有错当查 The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) 全世界银行间金融电信学会 defer payment 延期付款 oversight 失察，疏忽 deadline date 最终期限 clear your account 结清你的帐款 restraint 约束，抑制 reimbursement 付还，退还 commitment 委托事项，承诺，承担义务 backlog 订货 overcharge 超收（货款） undercharge 少收费用 deterioration 变坏 wear and tear 磨损 bad workmanship 做工粗糙，工艺差 compensation look into the matter 察看此事 deny / accept responsibility 否认/承担责任 to put matters right 纠正 to grant credit 同意/准予信贷 credit facilities/terms 信贷手段/条款 credit-worthy 有信誉 to offer/take up references 提供/接受介绍人（信） to treat something in confidential 对某事予以保密 bankruptcy proceedings 破产收益 open account facilities 未清洁的账目，往来账户 documents against acceptance 承兑交单，认付时交付单据 settlement against monthly statements 凭月结单结算 to default 违约，拖欠 a bad debt 坏帐，呆帐 profit margins 利润率/幅度/额 a commercial bank 商业银行 a merchant bank 商人银行4商务英语词汇Zhou Y fanga specimen signature 签字样本 credit card to honor/dishonor a check 支付/拒付支票 notice of withdrawal 提款/提货通知 a paying-in/withdrawal/transfer slip 付款/提款/转账单据 negotiable securities 可转让证券 a guarantor an overdraft 透支 to overdraw 透支 to call in an overdraft 收回透支款 minimum lending rate (MLR)最低贷款利率 inflation 通货膨胀 a standing order 委托书，长期订单 a direct debit 直接借记 credit status 信用状况8. Routine Business Letters (3)del credere agent 保证收取货款代理 arbitration 仲裁/公断 express consent (permission clearly stated) 明确同意 sole representative 独家代理（人） incur 招致，发生 unrivaled service (service which cannot be equaled)至高无上的服务 cash against documents 凭单据付现 sole/exclusive agency 独家代理 net invoice values 发票净额/值 Chambers of Commerce 商会 consulates 领事 the Stock Exchange 证券交易所 foreign currency 外币 a confirming house 保付行，保付公司 recourse factoring 追索代理 indents – open/closed/specific 订单 [开口/非限定、限定/闭口、特定] to develop a market 开发市场 to create a demand 创造需求 to renew a contract 续签合同 commodity markets 商品市场 freight rates 运费费率 deferred rebate (a discount to be allowed later)递延回扣 bulk cargoes 散装货物 remunerative 有报酬的，有利的 pilferage 盗窃 preferential rate system (a system offering lower freight rates to Conference members)优惠费率制度 certificate of origin 货物原产地证明书 consignor 委托人，发货人 consignee 受托人，收货人 transshipment 转载，转船 haulage 拖运5商务英语词汇Zhou Y fanga forward agent 运输代理，船运报关代理 a clearing agent 清算代理 container vessel 集装箱船 roll-on roll-off facilities 滚装设备 a ferry 渡船 a barge 驳船 a lighter 驳船 a goods depot 货物仓库 perishable goods 易腐/损货物 an air waybill 空运单 a dispatch note 派遣单，发运单 a consignment note 托运单 customs clearance and handling charges 海关放行与装卸费 to charter a ship 租船 The Shipping Conference 班轮公会 The Baltic Exchange 波罗的海船运交易所 charter party 租船契约 ‘groupage rates’ 拼箱/编组费率 a bill of lading 提货单 a dock receipt 码头收据 ‘clean’/ ‘dirty’/ ‘claused’ bill of lading 清洁、不洁/批注提单 a wharfinger’s receipt 码头管理员收据 premium 保险费 initial cover 草签保险单，第一期保单 cover note 暂保单，保险证明 salvage 打捞 obsolete 陈旧的 all risk 综合险保险 underwriter 保险商 indemnification 保障，补偿（物） to make/reject a claim 索赔，拒绝赔偿 an assessment 估价 endowment 捐赠，捐款 negligent 疏忽的 insurance liability 保险义务/责任 valued policy 定值/定额保险单 open cover policy 预约保险单 floating policy 总保险单 in arrears 拖欠，拖延 free from particular average (PA) 没有/无单独海损 declaration form 申报单 an insurance certificate 保险凭证/证明书 Lloyd’s of London 伦敦劳氏保险公司/伦敦劳埃德保险公司9. Miscellaneous (1)to arrange a time to discuss … 安排时间讨论… to contact you next week 下周与你联系 to make an appointment by phone 通过电话预约 to meet with you to explain …与您会面并解释…6商务英语词汇Zhou Y fangwon’t take much of your time 不会花您太多时间 to be a pleasure speaking with …很乐意与…交谈 to set up an appointment for sometime in … 约定在…某个时候见面 to try to reach you on the phone 想办法通过电话与您联系 to talk about the possibility of … 谈谈…的可能性 to schedule an appointment 安排约会时间 to accommodate your schedule 适应你的时间表 to set another time 另外安排一个时间 to review technical information 复查一下技术资料 to call to set up another meeting 打电话安排另一次会议 to talk over lunch 午餐时商谈 to share your views 与你的看法相同 to postpone our appointment a patio pool party 庭院露天聚会 to reschedule to another evening 重新安排在另一个晚上 a guest speaker 来宾发言人 to keep up the good work 维持良好的工作 to meet time commitments 满足时间要求 to cover many details 涵盖许多细节 cooperative attitude 合作态度 to insure a smooth, trouble-free progress 保证进展顺利 professional know-how 专业技术秘诀 just a quick note to thank you 仅以此短信表达对您的谢意 this fiscal year 本财政年度 to wind down 减速，松劲；接下 to concentrate on strengthening our …集中精力加强我们的… outstanding work 突出的工作 Rapport 和谐，亲善，友好 your confidence in …你对……的信心 to solidify your understanding 巩固/增强你的理解 in short order 在短期内，迅速地 to receive an award for …因……获奖 to attend the grand opening 参加盛大的开幕式 to comment on the creativity and elegance of design that you put together 对您将创造性与典雅相结合的 设计进行评论 to be especially pleased with … 特别乐意… to make a statement 申明，陈述 a dynamic atmosphere in all respects 一种全方位的动态环境 timetable 时间表 flight 航班 VIP room 贵宾室 departure time 出发时间 to check in/out 登记, 报到 / 付帐后离开,检验 single or return fares 单程，或是来回票价 outward / return flights 外出/回程航班7商务英语词汇Zhou Y fangto be familiar with Customs and other formalities involved 熟悉海关及其他有关手续 a passport / visa application form 护照/签证申请表 a birth certificate 出生证明 international certificate of vaccination 国际疫苗接种证明 an entry visa 入境签证 to make a reservation for a first-class …预定一个头等舱位 re-entry permits 重新入境许可 to book a room full / half-board 全/半膳 a room overlooking the gardens 一件俯瞰花园的房间 the leisure facilities 休闲设施 a wheelchair at your disposal 一张由你支配的轮椅 a very happy fortnight stay 非常愉快地逗留了两星期 any 2 consecutive weeks 任何两个连续的星期 bedside drawers 床头柜 to make arrangements for our courtesy pick-up service to meet your flight… 派车接机10． Miscellaneous (2)to be interested in expending our business in … 有意扩大我们在……方面的事业 to share the names of colleagues 分享同事的名誉 to subscribe to …订阅，预定 social security number 社会保险号码 to impact on … 影响……冲击…… a sponsor 主办者，赞助人 an upcoming advertising campaign 即将来临的广告战 a tremendous number of…大量…… at competitive prices to strive to do sth.努力做…… To meet / make the deadline 符合最终期限/确定最终期限 off-the-shelf products 畅销产品，流行产品 to get instant attention 立即注意 quick, crisp notes 明快、有力的说明 to bill at the dealer discount 记在经销商的折扣中 to take a quantum leap 巨大突破 the political climate 政治气候 the merchandise 商品，货物 Mr. … proposed that … It was suggested that … Mr. John Li reported that … It was noted (heard) that … After a detailed discussion, it was agreed that … / … it was unanimously agreed that …全体一致同意 Mr. Huang was requested to … The Secretary was instructed to …通知秘书……8商务英语词汇Zhou Y fang11. EmploymentSelf Appraisal (Personal Characteristics) P.167Rate yourself on the following characteristics considered important by prospective employers. Excellent Good Fair Poor 优 良 一般 差 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Integrity, sincerity 正直，诚实 Ability to think logically … 逻辑思维能力 Enthusiasm, initiative, drive 积极性，主动性，干劲 Dependability … 可靠性 Ability to communicate orally … 口头交际能力 Ability to communicate in writing 书面交际能力 Intelligence ……… 智能 Ability to listen well … 倾听能力 Maturity ………… 成熟性 Analytical ability … 分析能力 Ability to get along and cooperate with others 与他人相处及合作的能力 Emotional stability ……… 情感稳定性 Evidence of good judgment 良好的判断力的证据 Ability to make decisions … 决策能力 Health and energy ………… 健康，精力 Physical appearance …………身体外貌 Capacity for leadership …… 领导能力 Self-confidence …………… 自信心 Courtesy, tact, diplomacy … 谦恭，机智，外交策略 Adaptability ……………… 适应能力 Sense of humor ……………幽默感 Neatness of work …………工作条理性 Determination …………… 果断，决心An objective self-assessment like the foregoing inventory is strictly for your own use. It helps you see patterns regarding your capabilities, desires, interests, and achievements.Words＆Expressionsresume (curriculum vitae [CV], qualifications brief, Vita ) 个人简历、履历 job application letter 求职函 job hunter 求职者，找工作的人 career 事业9job seeker 求职者job-hopper 经常跳槽的人to apply for 申请applicant 申请人candidate 候选人，投考者hobby 业余爱好to screen 筛选recruiter 招聘人员special skills 特殊技能 interviewer 面试官interviewee 被面试者capability能力undergraduate 本科生postgraduate 研究生major courses 主修课程sophomore 大学二年级学生specialty 专业specialize in专攻，擅长于……vast and diversified working experience 大量的、多方面的工作经验a bachelor/master of arts in general business 商业学士/硕士学位research assistant to instructor 助理研究员extracurricular activities 课外活动pertinent courses 相关课程academic honors 学术上的荣誉leadership ability领导能力marketability 可销售性 accomplishment 成就accountabilities 责任，义务the practical field experience 实际经验to be familiar with every phase of operation 熟悉业务的每一个环节to handle any … with ease and confidence 满怀信心、轻而易举地办理… managerial and financial accounting管理与财务会计to get along well with others 易于与他人相处12. Reportsmemorandum report简报 letter report 书信式报告prefatory parts 前言／序言部分supplemental parts 补充部分 sources 原始资料，来源quantitative data 定量数据／资料 endnotes 尾注footnotes 脚注 bibliography 参考书目formality礼节，正式手续subject matter 主题内容primary research 第一手／原始研究electronic database电子数据库 authorization 授权，认可layout 版面设计，布局图，编排plan of presentation介绍的计划，陈述设计methodology方法论directional signs方向标记pie charts 饼型图，圆形分格统计图表three-dimensional bar graphs三维条形图parallelism in headings 平行／对应标题stacked 堆积的 line graphs线型图area graph面积图pictograms 象形文字format 格式，版式deductive推理的，演绎的 inductive 归纳的graphics packages 制图软件包vertical/horizontal bar graphs垂直／水平条形图13. Proposalssharpen my pencil 准备写…highlight the advantages 强调优势sharp looking 精明的外表smash the barriers排除障碍clock is ticking时间在流逝 market-driven 市场推动的coffee pot is on 小餐馆还开着门knock your socks off 停止吃东西explore the issues探讨这些问题silk smooth十分顺利global marketplace世界市场全球性市场irresistible ideas无法抵抗的念头vivid, memorable image生动，难忘的形象color me excited粉饰／表扬得我十分激动cherished client珍贵的顾客eligible for a discount适合打折reap dividends获得红利earn your confidence 赢得信心14. Oral Presentationclassic, not faddish 不流行的 here’s the deal一言为定You have run past my tolerance. 你已经让我无法容忍了。
国际商务英语——词汇部分11.Budget—预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated,period,usu.a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.2.Return—回报the gain from an investment,either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.3.Portfolio—证券投资组合the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks,bonds,or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling4.Royalty—专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design,usu.at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.5.Expertise—专门知识expert knowledge or skill,esp.in a particular field;know-how.6.Licensor—认证颁发者a person or company granting a license.7.Patent—专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell,or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.8.Non-tariff barrier—非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs,including prohibitions and quotas,etc.9.Turnkey contract—one in which one of the parties agrees to supply,at the contract price,a complete product ready for use,such asa new home,factory,ship,etc.10.Franchise—经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.21.Purchasing power—购买力of persons,the public,having the money to buy goods and services.2.Assess—估价to judge an amount or value.3.spur—to urge or encourage4.average—of an ordinary,common or usual kind in quality or amount5.Productive—producing in high efficiency or in large quantity6.tap—to take what is needed from,to exploit7.Infrastructure—large-scale public services,such as water and power supplies,road,rail and radio communications,etc.needed to support economic activity,esp.industry,trade and commerce.8.recipient—a person or an organization etc.that receives something9.consumerism—considerable desire to make purchase for consumption10.PPP—purchasing power parity31liberalization—of trade,the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exports2integration—combining into the whole3tariff—tax levied by the customs4barriers to trade—any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country.5mobility—capacity that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to place.6detour—绕道route that avoids a blocked road;deviation7banknote—纸币printed paper money issued by a bank,usu.the country’s central bank.8erode—侵蚀wear away,eat into9envisage—picture(an event,action,etc)in the mind as a future possibility;imagine10veto—否决权right to reject or forbid something41affiliate—a subsidiary company controlled by another2assets—total resources of a business,as cash,accounts receivable,real estates etc.3world company—a multinational whose national identity has been blurred4facilities—something designed,built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particular service 5revenue—收益the total annual income of state6decentralize—使分权distribute the administrative powers over a less concentrated area7nationalize—to bring under the control or ownership of a nation\8welfare—well-being9framework—organization structure10input—something that is put in business operation51service—something done to help or benefit others2abundant—plentiful,more than enough3specialization—to restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fields4primary commodities—those commodities not processed,or only slightly processed,usually farm produce or raw materials 5incentive—that which incites,rouses or encourages a person6alternative—that may be had,used etc.in place of sth.else7intuitive—relating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or study8efficient—producing a desired or satisfactory result;able to perform duties well9endowment—a natural gift or ability10exploit—to develop the use of,make the best use of61drawback—退税duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported2highlight—to make prominent;to draw special attention3bulky—taking a lot of space,and often of a shape difficult to handle4perishable—easily to go bad5tariff—duties imposed on goods imported and exported6specific duties—duties levied on the basis of quantity,weight,size etc.of the goods7ad valorem duties—duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods8unilaterally—单方面地done by one side or party only9maritime—connected with the sea or navigation10remittance—汇款money sent by post71law suit—legal prosecution2dispute—argument or controversy3remedy—method of putting right something that is wrong4amendment—修正changes made to something5Incoterms—a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms6present—submit7premise—a tract of land including its buildings8heading—category9classification—the arrangement of things by groups10carriage—the price or cost of transportation81business line—goods dealt in by a company2voluntary offer—an offer made on the initiative of the offerer3contract—an agreement setting forth the binding obligations of the relevant parties 4indispensable—absolutely necessary5contract proper—the main body of a contract6contracting parties—signatories of an agreement7force majeure—[不可抗力]social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party8purchase contract—a contract made by the buyer9firm offer—an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer10offeree—受要约人the party to whom an offer is made91.popular—liked and admired2.hyperinflation—恶性通货膨胀soaring of prices beyond control3.inflation—通货膨胀rise in prices brought about by the excess demand,expansion of money supply,credit etc.4.protectionism—贸易保护主义the theory of the system of developing home countries through duties and other means imposed oncompetitive imports5.bilateral—双边的of two sides6.bundling—捆绑式销售the exchange of goods or services are tied together7.expertise—expert skill or knowledge8.creditors—a person to whom one owns money9.transferable—possible to be handed over10.verified data—authentic materials101.debtor—a person who owes money2.default—fail to carry out an obligation3.dubious—doubtful,uncertain,questionable4.draft—an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money5.remittance—the sending of money or the money sent6.fluctuation—irregular movement of(prices,exchange rates etc.)7.drawer—the person who issues a draft,usually the exporter8.sound—financially satisfactory9.ban—prohibit,forbid10.drawee—付款人the person to whom a draft is drawn111.credit-worthiness—being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment2.substantial—large,great,considerable3.constitute—make up;amount to;form4.applicant of an L/C—the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C5.beneficiary—受益人the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export6.discrepancy—difference;absence of agreement7.confirming bank—the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C8.bill of exchange—written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment9.underlying—forming the basis of10.reimburse—退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent121.clean credit—a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment2.cancel—not to do something that has been arranged or decided upon3.leading bank—major bank,most important bank4.impeccable—faultless5.insolvent—无力偿还的unable to pay debts6.sight credit—a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft7.maturity—becoming due8.after sight—after presentation of draft9.middleman—中间商trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer10.sustain—suffer131.documentation—the presentation and use of shipping documents2.consignee—the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped3.shipping marks—what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation4.discrepancy—absence of agreement5.liability—what one is responsible for according to law6.apparent—according to appearance;seeming7.insurance policy—a document used for covering possible risks8.discount—amount of money that may be taken off the full amount9.title—right to the possession of a position or property10.invoice—a document for the general description of the goods and the price141alternative—a choice from two or more possibilities.2modes—different forms of transportation3fundamental—very important4ownership—legal right of possession5intermediate products—semi-manufactures6commercial intercourse—business dealings between individuals or firms7unload—getting goods off a carrier8package—combination of related parts or elements accepted or rejected as a single unit 9distribution—the marketing,transporting,merchandising,and selling of any item10destination—the terminal to which goods are sent151insured—a person covered by an insurance policy2premium—the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract3potential loss—loss which is possible to incur4viability—ability to succeed in operation5claim—a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy6margin—amount above what is estimated as necessary7underwriter—a person who carries on insurance as a business8consumption—the using up of goods and services having an exchangeable advantage 9compensation—something given or received as an equivalent for loss10pooling—a combination of funds formed for common advantage161field—a sphere of activity2incidence—occurrence3multi-modal transportation—transport that combines road,rail,sea and air4diminish—the right to collect from an endorser a payment of loss5indemnity—compensation for loss6subrogate—to substitute a claim against one person for a claim against another person 7legal action—an action taken against someone in accordance with the law8leader—an insurer who is well-known in a particular class of business9deposit—money paid as part payment that is owned10compulsory—that must be done171peg—to keep fixed or unchanged2redeem—to repay or pay off,esp.loan stock,debentures and preference shares or stock3settlement—the act of paying a bill,debt,charge,etc4exchange rate—the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency5fluctuations—upward and downward movements in the economic system6gold reserves—the stock of gold coin and bullion held by a note-issuing bank in a country on the gold standard.7money circulation—money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services8devaluation—the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies9offset—to set one value against another or as equal to another10par—equal in value,on the same level181affiliate—a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern2institutions—an organization or establishment devoted to the promotion of a particular object3productivity—power of being productive4loans—something lent on condition of being returned,especially a sum of money lent at interest5prerequisite—required as a condition for something else6cyclical—recurring in cycles7maturity—the time when a note or bill of exchange or a loan becomes due8reserve—money held aside to meet future demand9investment—the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns10stringent—strict,that must be obeyed191quota—a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity2VER—an agreement by a country’s exporters or government to limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another country3acquisition—company expansion through the phrase of other business4synergy—benefits from combining different business,normally claimed by the promoters of mergers5rebate—reduce6intellectual property—certain non-tangible assets held,principally covering the areas of patent protection,registered trade marks and designs,and copy-right7tax holiday—a period of time during which tax is not levied8return—the gain from an investment,either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment9access—a way by which a place,esp.property,can be reached or entered or used10joint venture—a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms201market place—a place in which securities are sold and bought2securities—stocks and bonds3gilts—stocks issued by government4information—knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance5qualifications—competence6membership—the state of being a member of a certain organization7practitioner—a person engaged in the practice of a profession or occupation8cost-effective—producing optimum results for the expenditure9shortfall—deficiency10equities—company stocks211ratify—make an arrangement or a treaty officially valid by signing it.2controversy—public argument about sth.which many people disagree with3biennial—happening every alternate year4clout—influence5anti-dumping—one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured6mandate—authority given to perform a duty7stillborn—(of a child)dead at birth;(of an idea or a plan)not developing further8contracting party—a country or firm that signs a legal agreement9akin to—similar,related to10optimal—best or most favorable221terms of trade—the relation of export and import prices2preference—a practical advantage given to one over others3export earnings—money earned on the sales of goods to other countries4provisions—a formal or explicit statement of conditions demanded5tariffs—customs duties imposed by a government on imports or exports6invisible—trade in services7board—an official group of persons who direct or supervise some activities of a firm 8permanent—lasting9counterpart—a person or thing that closely resembles another in position or function 10forum—an outlet for discussion of matters of interest to a given group。
浅谈商务英语的基本特点作者：陈金换来源：《教师·上》2011年第11期商务英语是在有关特定语言环境下所使用的专门用途英语(ESP, English for Special Purpose)，它是以国际商务为语言背景的应用性英语学科，是人们从事国际商务活动时经常使用的英语。
由于国际商务涉及许多不同行业和领域，所以，商务英语涵盖了相关的各个领域的专业英语，如经贸英语、金融英语、经济学英语、会计英语、法律英语、广告英语等。
但现代商务英语具有共同的特点：完整、简洁、具体、准确、清晰等。
本文将从词汇到语句到语篇分析商务英语的基本特点。
（一）词汇特点商务英语的词汇及其内容具有很强的专业性。
商务英语在词汇使用上的最大特点是专业词汇的精确运用，其中包含大量专业词汇、法律词汇、具有商务含义的普通词或复合词以及缩略词等。
如：常用的特定的专业内容缩略术语LC（ Letter of Credit ）信用证， DA （ Document against Acceptance）承兑交单。
由于商务英语的缩略词都经过了各国商人的长期使用，己经被人们广泛接受，其意义也十分明确，要翻译缩略词，则一定要知道缩略词的全称，并要理解其意义。
再如：blue chip蓝筹股，绩优股；bad debt呆帐。
不了解这些专业术语，就无法作好此类商务英语的翻译。
商务英语词汇的使用上，要保证其国际通用性，为大众所接受，又不能过于口语化，过于非正式，词语语体应介于正式体(formal)—商量体(conductive)之间。
因为商务英语是在各种国际商务活动中使用的英语，商务交际的双方既要体现平等互利的原则，又要保持良好的合作关系。
商务英语词汇不仅具有词汇基本意义，具有特定的专业内涵，而且在不同场景下具有不同含义。
如：If a country is exporting more than it imports it is receiving a foreign currency and has a balance of trade surplus.如果一个国家的出口大于进口，就是贸易顺差。
国际商务英语合同的语言特征合同是国际商务交流中至关重要的文件，它规定了各方的权益和义务。
作为一种正式的法律文件，国际商务英语合同具有其独特的语言特征。
本文将从准确性、简明性和法律性三个方面探讨国际商务英语合同的语言特征。
首先，准确性是国际商务英语合同的重要语言特征。
合同中的每个条款都需要清晰、明确地表达各方的意图和责任。
为了避免歧义和误解，合同中使用的语言必须具有精确性和具体性。
通常，在使用英语撰写国际商务合同时，需要尽量避免使用模糊和含糊不清的词语，而是使用明确和具体的词汇和短语。
比如，合同中可以使用具体的数字、日期和货币单位来明确规定各项条款，以确保各方对合同内容的理解一致。
其次，简明性是国际商务英语合同的另一个重要语言特征。
由于商务合作的快节奏和跨文化的特点，合同需要用简练、明晰的语言来表达各方的权益和义务。
鉴于合同通常涉及多个国家和不同的语言背景，使用简明的语言可以降低误解和疑虑的可能性。
为了达到简明的效果，应尽量避免长句和复杂的词汇。
另外，合同中还可使用项目列表或清单来具体列举相关内容，以方便各方理解。
此外，在国际商务英语合同中，常常使用简洁明了的缩写词和首字母缩写来表达某些经常重复出现的概念和实体，以简化合同的篇幅和提高可读性。
最后，法律性是国际商务英语合同的一大特征。
合同是具有法律约束力的文件，因此合同中的语言应具备法律效力。
在国际商务英语合同中，常常使用一些法律术语和形式化的表达方式。
这些法律术语和表达方式可以确保合同内容的准确性和明确性，并且为纠纷解决提供了明确的法律依据。
在使用这些法律术语和表达方式时，应确保其用词准确，避免歧义和模棱两可的解释。
综上所述，国际商务英语合同的语言特征包括准确性、简明性和法律性。
准确性要求合同的语言表达清晰明确，避免歧义和误解；简明性要求合同的语言简洁明了，易于理解和解读；法律性要求合同的语言具备法律效力，使用合适的法律术语和表达方式。
了解和运用这些语言特征，有助于确保国际商务英语合同的有效执行和跨文化交流的顺利进行。
Transaction 交易customs area 关税区in compliance with 遵从conversion 货币兑换visibletrade 有形贸易resale 转售gross domestic product国内生产总值invisible trade 无形贸易for short 缩写为account for 占…比例headquarters 总部trap 陷阱，圈套portfolio investment 证券投资stocks 股票bonds 债券maturity （票据等）到期，到期日certificate of deposit 大额存单licensing许可经营franchising 特许经营trademark 商标advisable 可行的patent 专利royalty 专利使用费；copyright 版税licensor 给予许可的人licensee 接受许可的人franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人logo 标志；标记management contract 管理合同expertise 专门知识bonus 红利；津贴；奖金flat 一律的，无变动的value chain 价值链contract manufacturing 承包工程turnkey project “交钥匙”工程clue 线索BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设经营移交stand for 代表variant 变形/体potential 潜力national income 国民收入bulk 大量的；大宗的GNP 国民生产总值per capita income 人均收入PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义income distribution 收入分布Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织infra structure 基础设施Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体staple goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球observation（经观察而得到的）看法haven 避风港；安全之地spur 促进creditor country 债权国proximity 临近ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟witness 亲历economic integration 经济一体化liberalize 使自由put up barriers 设置障碍fall under分成几部分free trade area自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率NAFTA北美自由贸易协定customs union 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行common market 共同市场adoption使用，采用euro 欧元erode 侵蚀autonomy 自治sovereign state 主权国家political entity 政治实体set the stage of 为、、做准备；促成monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的landmark 地标；里程碑signatory 签字国；签字人settlement 结算banknotes纸币；钞票circulation货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构European Commission欧盟委员会veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员councilof ministers 部长理事会empower 授予权力multi-polarization 多极化tenet 原则；宗旨Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议cartel 卡特尔，联盟OPEC 石油输出国组织globalization 全球化frequency 频繁，频率interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元素value 价值观acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩adverse 不利的；反对的controversial 引起争议的instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化facilities 设施；设备；工具label 把称为；把归类employ 用；使用assets 资产incorporate 吸收；合并purpot 声称；自称headquarters 总部international economic environment国际经济环境double digit 两位数字survival 继续生存embark（on）开始；从事gigantic 庞大的；巨大的intervene 干预；干涉technical improvements 技术进步derivation 获得day-to-day running 日常管理decentralize 分散；放下（权利）wield 操控；控制jurisdiction 权利；管理范围vehicle 工具；手段delegate power to…对、、、授权affiliate 分支机构；附属机构mover 原动力，推动力define 下定义services 劳务distri natural resources 自然资源abundant 丰富的scarce缺少，缺乏primarycommodities 初级产品incentive 刺激specialization 专业化constitute 构成，形成remainder剩余的，余数hold 认为in terms of 在…方面illustrate 说明table 表格，图表assume 假设efficient 有效的，效率高的occur 发生，产生law规则，法则even if 即使disadvantage 不利withrespect to 关exploit 利用，开发static 静止的endowment of nature 自然的赋予up-to-date 现代的，新式的intuitive 直觉的，直观的appeal 吸引力absolute adantage 绝对利益comparative advantage比较利益strategic 战略的reduce 减少bulky 笨重的，庞大的perishable 易碎的protectionist 保护主义的barrier障碍typical 典型的tariffs 关税quota 配额levy 征收，收取coincide 巧合；偶合customs union 关税联盟import duties 进口关税export duties 出口关税ad valorem 按价；从价specific 从量的compound duties 复税，混合关税drawback 退税refund 偿还；退还most-favoured-nation（MFN）treatment 最惠国待遇signatory 签字国concession让步tariff schedule 税率表；税则non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒impose 加强unilaterally 单方面地label 标签，标记，标号voluntary 自动的，主动的forthcoming 即将到来的meaning of transport 运输工具inland water vessels 内河船只maritime 海洋的cargo compartment 货仓charter租fleet 舰队insurance保险vulnerable 脆弱的collision 碰撞pilferage 偷窃explosion 爆炸place of historical interest 古迹accommodations 膳宿供应immigrant 移民remittance 汇款undertake 承担climate 环境气氛；风气degenerate 变坏；衰退deal 交易draw up 制定；拟就respective 各自的；分别的subsequent 随后的，后来的interpretation 解释；说明trade terms 贸易术语；交易条件trading practices 贸易惯例litigation 诉讼，诉争entail 使人承担；使成为必要amendment 修正案；修正条款addition 增加部分revise 修正；修改unitization 使成为一个单位maritime 海的；海上的consolidate 统一，合并render使得；使成为negotiable 可转让的；可流通的vital 极其重要的，必不可少的whereby 凭借那个，借以premises 生产场所；经营场所disposal 处理departure 离开，启程，出发quay 码头substantive 实质性的set forth 陈述；阐明binding 有约束力的enforceable可实施的sue起诉trade fairs 商品交易会trunk call 长途电话enquiry 询盘；询价quotation 报价voluntarily 主动地，自愿地indispensable 必不可少的validity period 有效期offer还盘unbinding 无约束力的invalid 无效的sales contract 销售合同sales （purchase）confirmation 售货（购货）确认书setting up 构成，结构，格式consignment 寄售contracting parties 缔约方force majeure不可抗力arbitration 仲裁cotton piece good 棉布cotton yarns 棉纱hereby 于此hereunder 于下article number 货号yard 码overleaf 反面bleached 漂白的counter trade 对销贸易；反对贸易allegedly被说成；据说phenomenon 现象terminology 术语generic 总称的net positions 实际寸头adduce 引证empirical 以经验为根据的reciprocal 互惠的；互相hyperinflation极度通货膨胀literally 照字地disarray 混乱conceptually 概念上地European Payment Union 欧洲支付联盟pre-specify 预先说明competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值in essence 实质上的intertemporal 不同时的be tied to 固定于photocopying machine 复印机intriguing引起兴趣的，有迷惑力的concurrently 同时发生的 a fraction of一点儿；一部分verify 一部分sophisticated 经验丰富的bypass 避开；置、、、于不顾expertise 专门知识leverage 杠杆作用tap 开发；开辟conceal 掩盖；隐藏perpetuate 使永久存在processing trade 加工贸易consignment 寄售赁agency 代理domestic 国内的status 状况remittance 汇款debtor 债务人debit 借方；记入借方的款financial standing 财务状况default 违约；不履行职责ban禁止fluctuation波动hesitant 犹豫，不情愿dubious 可疑integrity 正直；诚实periodic payment 分期付款cash in advance 预付现金draft 汇票（bill ofexchange）drawer 出票人drawee 受票人payee受款人usance draft（tenor draft，term draft）远期汇票documentary draft 跟单汇票clean draft 光票bill of lading 提单title to the goods 货物所有权insurance policy 保险单documentarycollection 跟单托收documents against payment （D/P）付款交单documentsagainst acceptance（D/A）承兑交单sound 健全；良好with discretion慎重地；审慎地release 放开gain control over 得到对…的控制objective 目的，目标impeccable 无缺点的bilateral 双边的credit-worthiness 资信unique 独特的security 安全，保障presentation 呈交；提示undertaking 承担applicant 开证申请人opening bank 开证银行beneficiary 受益人correspondent bank 往来行；关系行advising bank 通知行amendment 修改discrepancy 不符confirming bank 保兑行reimburse 付款nominate 指定insufficient 不足的submit提交stipulation 规定expire 满期；到期unit price 单价partial shipment 分批装运transshipment 转船seal 印章underlying作为基础的obligation 责任，义务ultimately 最终category 种类fall under 归为…类mechanism 机制clean credit 光票信用证non-trade settlement非贸易结算revocable credit 可撤销信用证irrevocable credit 不可撤销信用证certainty 确定程度，肯定程度alter 改变commitment 承担的责任cancel 取消，作废consult with 与、、、协商revoke 撤销consent 同意extensively 广泛地indication 指明，表明confirmed credit 保兑信用证leading bank 主要银行double assurance 双重保障involve 牵涉；涉及sight credit 即期信用证usance credit 远期信用证impeccable 正确无误的capital turnover 资金周转maturity 到期discount 贴现face value 面值transferable credit 可转让信用证non-transferablecredit 不可转让信用证middleman 中间人non-draft credit 无汇票信用证deferred payment 推迟付款revolving credit 循环信用证renew 恢复reinstate 使复原contracting parties 合同各方，缔约各方sustain 遭受，蒙受insolvent 无支付能力的bankrupt 破产的documents 单据take delivery of 提（货）delay 延误，迟延discrepancy 不符conformity 一致，相符description 描述commission 佣金discount 折扣shipping marks 唛头seal 印章；图章signature 签字comply with 符合in general terms 用概括性的词语，用一般性词语表达exceed 超过memos 备忘录，便笺bill of lading 提单carrier 承运人shipper 货主，托运人carriage 运输consignee 收货人notify party 被通知人payable 应支付的，可支付的devoid of 没有，缺少liability 责任；义务airway bill 空运提单cargo receipt 铁路运单，货运收据insurance policy 保险单function 功能；作用the insured 被保险人currency 货币settle 清算；结算fundamental 极其重要的efficiency 效率primitive 原始的in a broad sense 从广义上讲grocery 食品；杂货distinct 与其他明显不同的；独特的natural product provinces 产品自然领域urgency 紧迫；急迫perform 执行；完成carrier 承运人。
Transaction 交易customs area 关税区in compliance with 遵从conversion 货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale 转售gross domestic product国内生产总值invisible trade无形贸易for short 缩写为account for 占…比例headquarters 总部trap 陷阱，圈套portfolio investment 证券投资stocks 股票bonds 债券maturity （票据等）到期，到期日certificate of deposit 大额存单licensing许可经营franchising 特许经营trademark 商标advisable 可行的patent 专利royalty 专利使用费；copyright 版税licensor 给予许可的人licensee 接受许可的人franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人logo 标志；标记management contract 管理合同expertise 专门知识bonus 红利；津贴；奖金flat 一律的，无变动的value chain 价值链contract manufacturing 承包工程turnkey project “交钥匙”工程clue 线索BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设经营移交stand for 代表variant 变形/体potential 潜力national income 国民收入bulk 大量的；大宗的GNP 国民生产总值per capita income 人均收入PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义income distribution 收入分布Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织infra structure 基础设施Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体staple goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球observation（经观察而得到的）看法haven 避风港；安全之地spur 促进creditor country 债权国proximity 临近ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟witness 亲历economic integration 经济一体化liberalize 使自由put up barriers 设置障碍fall under分成几部分free trade area自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定customs union 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行common market 共同市场adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元erode 侵蚀autonomy 自治sovereign state 主权国家political entity 政治实体set the stage of 为、、做准备；促成monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的landmark 地标；里程碑signatory 签字国；签字人settlement 结算banknotes 纸币；钞票circulation货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构European Commission欧盟委员会veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员council of ministers 部长理事会empower 授予权力globalization 全球化frequency 频繁，频率interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元素value 价值观acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩adverse 不利的；反对的controversial 引起争议的instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化facilities 设施；设备；工具label 把称为；把归类employ 用；使用assets 资产incorporate 吸收；合并purpot 声称；自称headquarters 总部international economic environment国际经济环境double digit 两位数字survival 继续生存embark（on）开始；从事gigantic 庞大的；巨大的intervene 干预；干涉technical improvements 技术进步derivation 获得day-to-day running 日常管理decentralize 分散；放下（权利）wield 操控；控制jurisdiction 权利；管理范围vehicle 工具；手段delegate power to…对、、、授权affiliate 分支机构；附属机构mover 原动力，推动力define 下定义services 劳务distri natural resources 自然资源abundant 丰富的scarce缺少，缺乏primarycommodities 初级产品incentive 刺激specialization 专业化constitute 构成，形成remainder剩余的，余数hold 认为in terms of 在…方面illustrate 说明table 表格，图表assume 假设efficient 有效的，效率高的occur 发生，产生law 规则，法则even if 即使disadvantage 不利withrespect to 关exploit 利用，开发static 静止的endowment of nature 自然的赋予up-to-date 现代的，新式的intuitive 直觉的，直观的appeal 吸引力absolute adantage 绝对利益comparative advantage比较利益strategic 战略的reduce 减少bulky 笨重的，庞大的perishable 易碎的protectionist 保护主义的barrier障碍typical 典型的tariffs 关税quota 配额levy 征收，收取coincide 巧合；偶合customs union 关税联盟import duties 进口关税export duties 出口关税ad valorem 按价；从价specific 从量的compound duties 复税，混合关税drawback 退税refund 偿还；退还most-favoured-nation（MFN）treatment 最惠国待遇signatory 签字国concession让步tariff schedule 税率表；税则non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒impose 加强unilaterally 单方面地label 标签，标记，标号voluntary 自动的，主动的forthcoming 即将到来的meaning of transport 运输工具inland water vessels 内河船只maritime 海洋的cargo compartment 货仓charter租fleet 舰队insurance保险vulnerable 脆弱的collision 碰撞pilferage 偷窃explosion 爆炸place of historical interest 古迹deal 交易draw up 制定；拟就respective 各自的；分别的subsequent 随后的，后来的interpretation 解释；说明trade terms 贸易术语；交易条件trading practices 贸易惯例litigation 诉讼，诉争entail 使人承担；使成为必要amendment 修正案；修正条款addition 增加部分revise 修正；修改unitization 使成为一个单位maritime 海的；海上的consolidate 统一，合并render使得；使成为negotiable 可转让的；可流通的vital 极其重要的，必不可少的whereby 凭借那个，借以premises 生产场所；经营场所disposal 处理departure 离开，启程，出发quay 码头substantive 实质性的set forth 陈述；阐明binding 有约束力的enforceable可实施的sue起诉trade fairs 商品交易会trunk call 长途电话enquiry 询盘；询价quotation 报价voluntarily 主动地，自愿地indispensable 必不可少的validity period 有效期offer还盘unbinding 无约束力的invalid 无效的sales contract 销售合同sales （purchase）confirmation 售货（购货）确认书setting up 构成，结构，格式consignment 寄售contracting parties 缔约方force majeure不可抗力arbitration 仲裁cotton piece good 棉布cotton yarns 棉纱hereby 于此hereunder 于下article number 货号yard 码overleaf 反面bleached 漂白的counter trade 对销贸易；反对贸易allegedly被说成；据说phenomenon 现象terminology 术语generic 总称的net positions 实际寸头adduce 引证empirical 以经验为根据的reciprocal 互惠的；互相hyperinflation极度通货膨胀literally 照字地disarray 混乱conceptually 概念上地EuropeanPayment Union 欧洲支付联盟pre-specify 预先说明competitive devaluation 竞争性贬值in essence实质上的intertemporal 不同时的be tied to 固定于photocopying machine 复印机intriguing引起兴趣的，有迷惑力的concurrently 同时发生的 a fraction of一点儿；一部分verify 一部分sophisticated 经验丰富的bypass避开；置、、、于不顾expertise 专门知识leverage 杠杆作用tap 开发；开辟conceal 掩盖；隐藏perpetuate 使永久存在processing trade 加工贸易consignment 寄售赁agency 代理domestic 国内的status 状况remittance 汇款debtor 债务人debit 借方；记入借方的款financial standing 财务状况default 违约；不履行职责ban禁止documentary draft 跟单汇票clean draft 光票bill of lading 提单title to the goods 货物所有权insurance policy 保险单documentary collection 跟单托收documents against payment （D/P）付款交单documents against acceptance（D/A）承兑交单sound 健全；良好with discretion 慎重地；审慎地release 放开gain control over 得到对…的控制objective 目的，目标impeccable 无缺点的bilateral 双边的credit-worthiness 资信unique 独特的security 安全，保障presentation 呈交；提示undertaking 承担applicant 开证申请人opening bank 开证银行beneficiary 受益人correspondent bank 往来行；关系行advising bank 通知行amendment 修改discrepancy 不符confirming bank 保兑行reimburse 付款nominate 指定insufficient 不足的submit提交stipulation 规定expire 满期；到期unit price 单价partial shipment 分批装运transshipment 转船seal 印章underlying作为基础的obligation 责任，义务ultimately 最终category 种类fall under 归为…类mechanism 机制clean credit 光票信用证non-trade settlement非贸易结算revocable credit 可撤销信用证irrevocable credit 不可撤销信用证certainty 确定程度，肯定程度alter 改变commitment 承担的责任cancel 取消，作废consult with 与、、、协商revoke 撤销consent 同意extensively 广泛地indication 指明，表明confirmed credit 保兑信用证leading bank 主要银行double assurance 双重保障involve 牵涉；涉及sight credit 即期信用证付款revolving credit 循环信用证renew 恢复reinstate 使复原contracting parties 合同各方，缔约各方sustain 遭受，蒙受insolvent 无支付能力的bankrupt 破产的documents 单据take delivery of 提（货）delay 延误，迟延discrepancy 不符conformity 一致，相符description 描述commission 佣金discount 折扣shipping marks 唛头seal 印章；图章signature 签字comply with 符合in general terms 用概括性的词语，用一般性词语表达exceed 超过memos 备忘录，便笺bill of lading 提单carrier 承运人shipper 货主，托运人carriage 运输consignee 收货人notify party 被通知人payable 应支付的，可支付的devoid of 没有，缺少liability 责任；义务airway bill 空运提单cargo receipt 铁路运单，货运收据insurance policy 保险单function 功能；作用the insured 被保险人currency 货币settle 清算；结算fundamental 极其重要的efficiency 效率primitive 原始的in a broad sense 从广义上讲grocery 食品；杂货distinct 与其他明显不同的；独特的natural product provinces 产品自然领域urgency 紧迫；急迫perform 执行；完成carrier 承运人。
国际商务英语合同写作解析合同条款常用句合同是国际商务中不可或缺的重要文书，它具有法律效力，用于明确各方的权益和义务。
在撰写合同时，合同条款的表述非常关键，它直接决定了合同的有效性和明确性。
本文将解析合同条款中常用的句型和表达，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用。
1. 介绍双方当事人合同第一部分通常用来介绍合同双方当事人的信息。
常见的句型如下：- Party A and Party B hereby enter into this agreement, hereinafter referred to as "the Contract".甲方和乙方特此签订本协议，下称“本合同”。
- Party A, a company registered and existing under the laws of [国家], with its principal place of business at [地址], represented by [代表姓名], on behalf of and in the name of Party A.甲方是一家依据[国家]法律注册、存在的公司，其主要经营地位于[地址]，代表甲方的是[代表姓名]。
- Party B, a company organized and existing under the laws of [国家], with its principal office located at [地址], represented by [代表姓名], on behalf of and in the name of Party B.乙方是一家依据[国家]法律组织成立的公司，其主要办公地位于[地址]，代表乙方的是[代表姓名]。
2. 描述合同目的和范围合同的第二部分通常解释合同的目的和范围，确保对双方都具有明确性。
常见的句型如下：- The purpose of this Contract is to define the rights and obligations ofthe parties in relation to [合同目的].本合同的目的是为了明确双方在[合同目的]方面的权利和义务。
商务英语语篇的特点及其翻译要点1 商务英语语篇的类型及其语篇模式（1）问题解决型（2）直接表述型（3）间接表述型（4）解析型（5）比较——对比型（6）等级型（7）时间发展型（8）空间型（9）主张——反主张型2 商务英语语篇的文体特点2.1 首先，商务英语在进行一般叙述时多使用日常用语，但涉及商贸活动时则大量使用专业词汇和具有商务含义的准商贸术语。
例如：sole license （排他性许可证）Exclusive license (独占性许可证)Counter offer (还盘)Counter suggestion (反还盘)Irrevocable letter of credit (不可撤销信用证)Insurance policy (保险单)Clearance sale (清仓削价销售)2.2商务英语语言灵活且丰富。
不同的词序、介词以及单复数变化都会导致词义发生重大的变化，并给翻译带来一定的困难。
例如：property in goods （货权）property of goods (货物属性) Appearance surface (外表) surface appearance (表面状况)商务英语使用一词多义现象也很丰富，例如：instrument of payment （支付工具）instrument of pledge (抵押契据) instrument of ratification (批准证书) ，instrument of credit control （信用管制手段），instrument of acquisition （购置凭证）。
此外，不同搭配也可能会给理解造成困难，例如：straight B/L （记名提单），direct B/L （直达提单）；clean credit （光票信用证），documentary clean credit （无跟单信用证）。
因此，我们在翻译时一定要对原文用词上的细微差别加以认真分析，确保对原文的准确解读，这样才可能产出既忠实又通顺的译文。
