英语语调课件
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有相当一部分英语学习者在语音、语调方面处境很尴尬,一个单词的发音要么发错,要么发得特别清楚,但是即便是特别清楚的发音也和真正地道的英语发音有很大的距离,原因何在?说到底还是功夫不到家。
到底应该怎样下功夫?下面我为大家提供一种非常有效的五步语音语调突破法。
第一步:听录音,做标记听录音对于英语学习者是件很普通的事情,但却很少有人能好好利用手中的录音取得满意的效果。
先选择一盘或几盘语音比较清晰的录音材料,或者找一些语音非常好听你愿意模仿的录音材料,先听六遍,按顺序在录音材料原文上做好标记。
选择录音材料时切记量不要太多,难度不要太大。
英语的发音规则是相同的,练习时贵在精而不在多。
第一遍感受录音的语音、语调。
不要读出声音来,只要静静地听、仔细地感受就可以了。
第二遍标记单词的重音(word stress),把耳朵听到的每个单词的重音标在录音材料原文上。
不要因为已经背过这个单词,知道这个单词的重音,或者查过辞典就把这个单词放过去。
一定要标记一次,因为在不同的语境中或者表示不同的含义时,单词的重音也会有所区别。
第三遍标记所有单词与单词之间的连读。
有些连读如果不看录音材料很可能就不理解意思,一些固定的连读方式也要引起注意。
第四遍标记句子的升调、降调,要体会不同的句型所使用的语调的变化。
第五遍标记句子的重音。
这与单词重音不同,例如without这个词既可以做介词也可以做副词使用,这个词的重音很清楚,但是它在句子中出现时,如果不是特别强调这个词,一般情况下不能重读。
相当一部分人在读英语句子时,每个单词都念得非常清晰,好像机器一样把每个单词都按词典里的发音念出来。
但是现实生活中说话绝对不是这样。
所以要注意句子的重音,一个单词本身有重音,但是这个单词在听到的句子里面并没有得到强调,它就不是句子的重心,例如:It’s none of your business. (这不关你的事)。
其中的It’s就会念得很轻,同时none of会连读,business会重读,这些地方都要标注出来。
升调常用来表示不肯定,语意未完,或表示礼貌,常有含蓄、委婉、安慰、虚心征求意见等意味。
升调的用法可归纳为以下五种情况:
①一般疑问句通常用升调。
Is he `making a ↗kite?
Are they `cleaning the ↗classroom?
Does your `uncle `like `making `things, ↗too?
Did he `go `there `alone `last ↗night?
Must we `wash our `clothes ↗now?
Has your `father` finished the `work ↗yet?
②数数、列举事物或列举一连串的动作时,除最后那个并列成分用降调外,前面所有的并列成分都要用升调。
`Let’s `count our `new ↘books. ↗One, ↗two, ↗three, ↗four, ↘five. `Oh, we have ↘five new books.
`John `likes ↗running, ↗swimming and ↘skating, but he `doesn’t like pl aying ↗football, ↗basketball or ↘volleyball.
He `got ↗up, `got ↗dressed, `brushed his ↗teeth, `washed his ↗face, `had his ↗breakfast, and `then `quickly `went to ↘school.
③选择疑问句的语调分为两个部分,or前的部分用升调,or后的部分用降调,记成“前升后降”。
Is her `answer ↗right or ↘wrong?
Were they in the `high ↗jump or the `long ↘jump?
Would you `like a `cup of ↗tea or a `glass of ↘milk?
Do you `go to `school ↗late or ↘early?
`Which `colour do you `like `better, `light ↗blue or `dark ↘blue?
`Which do you pre`fer, `going to the ↗cinema or `going ↘swimming?
④反意疑问句的语调也得分两种情况:
若说话者对所陈述的内容没有把握,想询问对方是否正确,则陈述句部分用降调,简略问句用升调;--Your `uncle is ↘tall, ↗isn’t he?
--↘No, he’s very ↘short.
You `like ↘apples, ↗don’t you?
He `went to `London with his ↘family, ↗didn’t he?
若说话者对所陈述的内容已经很有把握,只是想要对方同意自己的观点,或是想从对方那里得到证实,则前后两部分都用降调。
-- It’s a ↘fine day, ↘isn’t it? -- `Yes, it ↘is.
It’s `quite a `nice ↘picture, ↘isn’t it?
You were `born in `19`89. So you are ↘fifteen, ↘aren’t you?
⑤含状语从句的复合句的语调也要分两种情况:若主句在前,从句在后,主句结束时意思已比较完整,则通常用降调,整个句子读完时也应该用降调;但是,若从句在前,主句在后,则常常是“前升后降”。
I was `drawing a ↘picture when my `mother `came ↘back.
`When she `got to the ↗station, the `train had `already ↘left.
在英语句子中,降调的使用比升调更为广泛,它表示肯定、决断、坚决或终结,但有时含有生硬、不容质疑的意味。
降调的用法可归纳为以下七种:
①陈述句用降调:
`Lucy is `cleaning her ↘bedroom.
`Li `Lei `does n’t have a ↘watch.
I `like ↘swimming.
②特殊疑问句也用降调:
`Whose is `this ↘coat?
`What `happened to her ↘car?
`Which `shirt do you ↘like?
`Where does your `English `teacher ↘come from?
`When is `Teachers’ ↘Day?
`Why `didn’t `Jim `come to `school ↘yesterday?
`How `long have you been at `this ↘school?
③表示命令的祈使句也常用降调:
`David, `open the ↘door.
`Go and `ask your ↘father.
`Put `on your ↘coat.
`Don’t `throw it on the ↘floor.
`Let’s `go to the ↘zoo.
④问候用语常用降调,以示真诚:
Good ↘morning.
Good ↘evening.
Good ↘afternoon.
How ↘are you?
⑤感谢用语也常用降调,以表示诚挚的谢意:
↘Thank you.
`Thanks a ↘lot.
`Thank you `very ↘much.
⑥感叹句用降调:
What a ↘lovely day!
What an ↘exciting sports meeting!
`How ↘beautiful the flowers are!
`How ↘hard all the workers are working!
⑦在并列句中,并列连词and, but, or等的前后两上分句都用降调:
We `come to `school by ↘bus and he `comes by ↘bike.
She `likes ↘English, but she `needs ↘help.
`Let’s ↘run, or we’ll be `late for ↘school.
I `couldn’t `sleep `well `last ↘night, so I’m `very `tired to↘day.
1)表示对比,对比的两个词中第一个用降升调,第二个降调
I can see th e ﹀teapot, but I can’t see the↘ tea.
2 人们表示不同观点时,用降升调
Most likely I will fall in the exam.
No, you ﹀won’t. 此处有鼓励之意。
3 人们交谈时,听着并不感兴趣,但是为了表示礼貌,用简单问句如were you, did they , has she. We were at the seaside yesterday.
Oh, ﹀were you?
4 交谈时,一方没有听清另一方全部内容要确证一下。
I’ve just been to the Great Wall.
↘Where did you↗ say?
5 鼓励别人时
↘You are working↗ hard.
6 表示赞赏,
↘Well↗ done.
7 提醒警告对方,降升调比升调更有力。
↘Be↗ careful.
8 告别祝愿时,降升调比降调或升调更活泼亲切。
↘Enjoy ↗yourself!
See you later.
Good bye.。