【政治】甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年高二下学期期中考试试题

甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年高一上学期期末考试化学试题说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）。

满分100分，考试时间100分钟。

注意事项：1.各题的答案或解答过程均写在答题卡上指定的位置，写在试题卷上的无效；2.答题前，考生务必将自己的“班级”和“姓名”写在答题卡密封线内；3.考试结束，只交答题卡；AAAAA4.可能用到的相对原子质量（原子量）：H—1 C—12 N—14 O—16 Na—23 Al—27 S—32 Fe—56 Cu—64第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共48分）一、选择题（本题包括24小题，每小题2分，共48分。

每题只有一个选项符合题意．．．．．．．．．．．．。

）1．化学与科技、社会、环境密切相关。

下列有关说法正确的是（）A．pH小于7的雨水被称为酸雨B．明矾溶于水可产生具有吸附性的胶体粒子，常用于饮用水的杀菌消毒C．推广使用燃煤脱硫技术，主要是为了防治SO2污染D．PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米(2.5×10－6m)的细小可吸入颗粒物，其与空气形成的分散系属于胶体2．下列不．涉及．．氧化还原反应的是（）A．自然界中“氮的固定”B．用铂丝蘸取NaCl溶液进行焰色反应C．食物腐败变质D．铜铸塑像上出现铜绿[Cu2(OH)2CO3]3．能证明下列物质具有漂白性的是（）A．向加有酚酞的NaOH溶液中通入氯气，溶液立即褪色B．向加有酚酞的水中投入少量Na2O2粉末，溶液先变红，后褪色C．显红色的酚酞溶液中通入SO2后，红色褪去D．向溶有KMnO4的酸性溶液中通入SO2后，溶液紫红色褪去4．往浅绿色的Fe(NO3)2溶液中逐滴加入稀盐酸，溶液的颜色变化应该是（）A．变棕黄色B．变浅绿色C．变棕红色D．没有改变5．下列有关物质性质的应用不．正确．．的是（）A ．液氨汽化时要吸收大量的热，可用作制冷剂B ．生石灰能与水反应，可用干燥氯气C ．维生素C 受热易被氧化，所以有些新鲜蔬菜生吃较好D ．氮气的化学性质不活泼，可用作粮食和食品仓库的保护气6．设N A 表示阿伏加德罗常数，下列叙述中正确的是（ ）A ．标准状况下，5.6 LNO 和16.8 LO 2的混合气体中含有分子数为N AB ．0.1 mol Fe 在氧气中充分燃烧失电子数为0.3N AC ．在1 L lmol·L －1的氨水中，含有的NH 3与NH 3·H 2O 分子的总数为N AD ．标准状况下，40gSO 3所占的体积一定小于11.2 L7．在配制500ml 0.1mol/L 的H 2SO 4溶液时，下列操作中会导致结果偏高的是（ ）A ．洗净的容量瓶未经干燥就用于配制溶液B ．未等溶液降至室温就转移至容量瓶C ．转移溶液时不慎洒到容量瓶外D ．定容时仰视刻度线8．将一盛满Cl 2的试管倒立在水槽中，当日光照射相当长一段时间后，试管中最后剩余气体的体积占试管容积的（ ）A ．41B ．31C ．21D ．32 9．下列实验装置或操作正确的是（ ）A ．用甲图装置验证CH 3COOH 、H 2CO 3和H 2SiO 3的酸性强弱B ．用乙图装置配制一定浓度的稀硫酸C ．用丙图装置验证NaHCO 3和Na 2CO 3的热稳定性D ．用丁图装置制备并收集少量NO 2气体10．下列说法中正确的是（ ）A ．航天飞机上的隔热陶瓷瓦属于优质合金材料B ．将少量CO 2通入CaCl 2溶液能生成白色沉淀C ．蔗糖中加入浓硫酸后出现发黑现象，说明浓硫酸具有吸水性D．碱性氧化物一定是金属氧化物，金属氧化物不一定是碱性氧化物11．除去下列物质中的杂质（括号内为杂质），所选用的试剂和方法都正确的是（）12．下列实验能达到预期目的的是（）A．检验溶液中是否含有CO32－：滴加稀盐酸，将产生的气体通入澄清石灰水B．检验溶液中是否含有SO42－：先滴加氯化钡溶液，再滴加稀盐酸C．检验溶液中是否含有Fe2+：先滴加氯水，再滴加KSCN溶液D．检验溶液中是否含有NH4+：先滴加浓NaOH溶液并加热，再用湿润的红色石蕊试纸13．已知A、B、C、D四种物质中均含同种元素，且它们之间的转化关系如下。

甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

ANobody likes home economics(家政学). But restoring the program could help us in the fighting against obesity and chronic diseases today.The home economics movement was founded on the belief that housework and food preparation were important subjects that should be studied scientifically. The first classes occurred in the agricultural and technical colleges that were built in the 1860s. When most departments of universities rejected women, home economics was a back door into higher education.Indeed, in the early 20th century, home economics was a serious subject. When few people understood germ(微生物)theory and almost no one had heard of vitamins, home economics classes offered vital information about washing hands regularly, eating fruits and vegetables and not feeding coffee to babies.However, today we remember only the fixed ideas about home economics, forgetting the movement’s most important lessons on healthy eating and cooking. Too many Americans simply don’t know how to cook. Our diets, consisting of highly processed foods made cheaply outside the home, have contributed to many serious health problems. In the last decade, many cities and states have tried to tax junk food heavily or to ban the use of food stamps to buy soda. Clearly, many people are doubtful about any governmental steps to promote healthy eating. But what if the government put the tools of obesity prevention in the hands of children themselves by teaching them how to cook?My first experience with home economics happened two decades ago when I was a seventh grader in a North Carolina public school. A year later, my father’s job took our family to Wales, where I attended a large school for a few months. It was the first time I had ever really cooked anything. I remember that it was fun, and with an instructor standing by, it wasn’t hard. Those lessons stuck with me when I first started cooking for my husband and myself after college and they will do. Teaching cooking in public schools can help solve some problems facing Americans today. The history of home economics shows it’s possible.1.Home economics ______.A.is a subject becoming more and more popular with AmericansB.is often used to help fight against obesity and chronic diseasesC.once offered women a special approach to university educationD.was first taught in the agricultural and technical colleges in the early 1900s2.The third paragraph mainly tells us ______.A.the importance of regular hand washingB.the health benefits of fruits and vegetablesC.the contents of home economics classes in the early 20th centuryD.the significance of teaching home economics in the early 20th century3.What does the author imply in the last paragraph?A.Her family moved frequently in her childhoodB.Cooking classes have a far-reaching influence on her later life.C.To receive a better education, she went to a large school in WalesD.Teaching cooking is the key to solving Americans’ health problemsBSelf-esteem is all about how much we feel valued, loved , accepted and thought well of by others and how much we value , love and accept ourselves. People with healthy self-esteem are able to do better in school and find it easier to make friends. They tend to have better relationships with others, feel happier, find it easier to deal with mistakes and failures, and more likely to stick to something until they succeed. People with low self-esteem often feel as if no one will like them or accept them or that they don’t do well in anything.The following ways may help you improve your self-esteem.Try to stop thinking negative thoughts about yourself. If you’re used to focusing on your shortcomings, start thinking about positive aspects of yourself that overweigh them. It is good to aim high, but your goals for yourself should be within reach. That’s why you should set practical goals and never expect the impossible. Mistakes are part of learning, so view mistakes as learning opportunities. Accept that you make mistakes because everyone does. Also, you should recognize what you can change and what you can’t. If you realize that you’re unhappy with something about yourself that you can change, start today. If it’s something you can’t change(like your height), start to work toward loving yourself the way you are. Feeling like you’re making a difference and that your help is valued can do wonders to improve your self-esteem. So don’t hesitate to make a contribution. You can lend a hand to a classmate who’s having trouble, help clean up your neighborhood or volunteer to do some other things.Self-esteem plays a role in almost everything you do. It takes some work, but it’sa skill you’ll have for life.4.The passage is mainly about ______.A.what self-esteem meansB.what people with how self-esteem are likeC.how people improve their self-esteemD.what people with healthy self-esteem are like5.We can infer from the passage that ______.A.the old tend to have healthier self-esteem than the youngB.we should build healthy, positive self-esteem when youngC.there are more people with low self-esteemD.it is not easy to build healthy self-esteem6.The underlined word“them” in Paragraph 3 refers to ______.A.your strong pointsB.your weaknesses and faultsC.your aims and goalsD.your classmatesCEarly this month, the Obama Administration called for increased protection of the world’s most southern continent, Antarctica. Scientists say climate change and human activity have increasingly led to the melting of massive pieces of Antarctic ice. The disappearance of ice will not only affect wildlife in the area such as seals and penguins. The melting will also cause oceans and seas around the world to rise. This represents a major threat, especially to coastal areas. For example, the ancient city of Venice, Italy has long been threatened by rising sea levels. The situation is made worse by the fact that its ancient buildings, built on a body of water called a lagoon are slowly sinking. When the city was founded about 1,600 years ago, the levels of the Adriatic Sea was almost two meters lower than it is today. Rising sea levels are not the only threat. The salty water is also destroying Venice’s famous buildings and artworks. The Italian government is trying to fix the problem with the construction of a seven-billion-dollar of moving flood barriers.Climate change is also leading to the melting of ice in other areas, such as Mount Kilimanjaro in northern Tanzania. It is the highest point in Africa, measuring almost 6,000 meters. The mountain supports five vegetation zones and many kinds of animals. The ice glaciers on the mountain are disappearing very quickly. This will have a bad effect on the mountain’s ecosystems and on Tanzania’s travel industry. Also, a valuable record of thousands of years of weather history will also be lost if the ice melts. Scientists study pieces of glacier to understand weather patterns from thousands of years ago.In the United States, the icy masses in Glacier National Park in Montana may soon completely disappear because of climate change, In 1850, there were an estimated 150 glacier in the more than 400,000-hectare park.There are twenty-six glaciers remaining today. Scientists estimate that the glaciers will be gone by 2030. Warning temperatures are also threatening many kinds of plants and animals that live in this mountain ecosystem.7.According to the passage, what has been affected in Italy by rising sea levels?A.Its ancient buildings are slowly sinking.B.Venice’s famous buildings and artworks are also being destroyed.C.The ice glaciers on the mountain are disappearing very quickly.D.Both A and B.8.How many glaciers have disappeared since 1850 in Glacier National Parks?A.Around 150.B.About 26.C.About 400,000.D.Around 124.9.The writer developed the passage mainly by ______.A.listing reasonsB.giving examplesC.making comparisonsing quotations10..What could be the best title of the passage?A.Climate ChangeB.The Melting of Massive Pieces of Antarctic IceC.Visiting Endangered Places around the WorldD.The Disappearance of the Ice Glacier第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

兰州一中2022-2023-2学期期中考试试题高二化学说明：本试卷分为第I 卷（选择题）和第II 卷（非选择题）两部分，满分100分．考试时间75分钟．答案涂写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡可能用到的相对原子质量：H -1 C -12 N -14 O -16 Si -28 Cl -35.5 Ti -48第I 卷（选择题，共48分）一、单选题（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，1-6题每题2分，7-18题每题3分）1．对基态碳原子核外两个未成对电子的描述，错误的是（ ）A ．电子云形状相同B ．自旋方向相同C ．能量相同D ．原子轨道取向相同 2．“类推”是一种重要的学习方法，但有时会产生错误的结论．下列类推结论中正确的是（ ） A ．3NH 分子中N 的杂化方式为3sp ，则3PH 分子中P 的杂化方式也为3sp B ．甲烷的键角是10982'︒，白磷4(P )的键角也是10982'︒ C ．离子晶体中都含有离子键，所以分子晶体中也一定含有共价键 D ．干冰2(CO )是分子晶体，则2SiO 也是分子晶体 3．下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．乙醇分子和水分子间只存在范德华力B ．X HY —三原子不在一条直线上时，也能形成氢键C ．2H O 比2H S 稳定是因为水分子间存在氢键D ．可燃冰42(CH 8H O)⋅中甲烷分子与水分子间形成了氢键 4．下列叙述中错误的是（ ）A ．2CS 的熔沸点比2CO 高，与分子间的范德华力大小有关系B ．2I 易溶于2CS ，可用相似相溶原理解释C ．乙醛酸(HOCCOOH)分子中σ键与π键个数比为3:1D ．3AB 型的分子空间结构都是平面三角形 5．下列说法中正确的是（ ）A ．互为手性异构体的分子互为镜像，且分子组成相同，性质也相同B ．由酸性23FCH COOH CH COOH >，可知酸性23ClCH COOH CH COOH >C ．由AgCl 和AgBr 都能溶于氨水中，而AgI 不能溶解在氨水中，可知AgI 在水中的溶解度最大D ．干冰采取分子非密堆积，冰采取分子密堆积6．下表所列物质的晶体类型全部正确的一组是（ ） 原子晶体 离子晶体 分子晶体 A 四氯化硅 磷酸 单质硫 B 单晶硅 碳酸氢铵 白磷 C 金刚石 尿素 冰 D铁烧碱冰醋酸A ．AB ．BC ．CD ．D7．2023年春节期间，国产科幻电影《流浪地球》火遍全网，电影中涉及很多有趣的知识．下列说法错误的是（ ）A ．影片幻想了太阳氦闪，地球将被摧毁．氦气属于稀有气体、是空气的成分之一B ．电影中由硅、碳、氧、硫等元素经过一系列变化能变成铁，该过程属于化学变化C ．固定太空电梯的缆绳材料最有可能是碳纳米管（如图），碳纳米管与60C 互为同素异形体D ．建造行星发动机需要耐高温材料，这种材料很可能是一种共价晶体 8．设A N 为阿伏伽德罗常数的值，下列说法正确的是（ ） A ．1mol 基态2Fe +中未成对电子数为A 6N B ．常温常压下，32.24L NH 中含有A N 个电子 C ．12g 金刚石中含有A 2N 个C C —键D ．0.1mol 硫酸铝铵[]442NH Al(O )S 中，正四面体形的离子共有A 0.1N 个 9．下列化学用语正确的是（ ） A ．二氧化碳的电子式：O C O ∶∶∶∶B ．2H O 分子间的氢键表示为：O H O ——C ．基态2Mn +的价电子轨道表示式：D ．P 的原子结构示意图为：10．短周期主族元素X 、Y 、Z 、W 的原子序数依次增大，X 是空气中含量最多的元素，Y 核外有13种运动状态不同的电子，基态时Z 原子3p 原子轨道上成对电子与不成对电子数目相等．下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．3XW 的VSEPR 模型为平面三角形B ．2ZW 是含有极性键的非极性分子C ．Z 的简单气态氢化物的稳定性比W 的弱D ．元素Y 、W 形成的化合物属于离子晶体11．我国科学家合成一种比硫酸酸性更强的超强酸M ，广泛应用于有机合成，M 的结构式如图所示．其中R 、X 、Y 、Z 、W 为原子序数依次增大的短周期主族元素，Y 和W 位于同族．下列说法正确的是（ ） ||||X Z Y Y ZR Y ZW ｜｜————A ．化合物2WY 是一种直线形分子B ．不考虑端位原子，M 中Y 、W 、X 三种原子采用的杂化方式均不相同C ．M 中含有极性键、非极性键、σ键和π键D ．将M 中Z 元素替换为短周期同主族其他元素，M 酸性减弱 12．下列叙述中正确的是（ ）A ．某物质熔融状态能导电，可以证明该物质内一定存在离子键B ．单质分子中含有共价键一定是非极性共价键C ．离子键就是使阴阳离子结合成化合物的静电引力D ．共价化合物中，一定存在极性共价键，可能存在非极性共价键，一定不存在离子键 13．维生素C 可参与机体的代谢过程，俗称抗坏血酸，结构如图．下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．维生素C 的分子式为646C H OB ．维生素C 分子中含有3个手性碳原子C ．维生素C 分子中C 原子有2sp 、3sp 两种杂化方式 D ．维生素C 含碳原子较多，故难溶于水14．以下关于物质状态的叙述中不正确的是（ ） A ．等离子体具有良好的导电性，是一种特殊的液态物质B ．晶体具有各向异性，所以用红热的铁针刺中涂有石蜡的水晶柱面，熔化的石蜡呈椭圆形C ．X 射线衍射实验是鉴别晶体与非晶体最可靠的方法D ．新型材料石墨烯可作为电源的电极材料15．下列有关物质结构叙述的说法不正确的是（ ） A ．晶体与非晶体的本质差异在于其是否具有自范性B ．金属材料具有良好导电性、导热性及延展性都可以用电子气理论来解释 C．某晶体可能不属于四种典型类型中的任何一种D ．液晶具有液体的流动性，在某些物理性质方面具有类似晶体的各向异性16．干冰晶胞结构如图所示，8个2CO 分子占据立方体的顶点，且在6个面的中心又各有一个2CO 分子．若立方体棱长为a ，则干冰晶体中每个2CO 分子周围距离为2a 2的2CO 分子有（ ）A ．4个B ．8个C ．12个D ．6个17．铜金合金可作为2CO 转化为碳氢化合物的催化剂，如图是一种铜金合金的晶胞结构图．下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．该晶胞的体积为3363a 10cm -⨯B ．Au 和Cu 原子数之比为3:1C ．晶胞中相邻Cu 原子可以围成正八面体D ．Au 和Cu 之间的最短距离为1apm 218．抗癌药阿霉素与环糊精在水溶液中形成超分子包合物，增大了阿霉素的水溶性，控制了阿霉素的释放速度，从而提高其药效．下列说法错误的是（ ）A ．阿霉素分子中碳原子的杂化方式为2sp 、3sp B ．红外光谱法可推测阿霉素分子中的官能团 C ．阿霉素与环糊精通过共价键结合形成超分子包合物 D ．阿霉素分子中，基态原子的第一电离能最大的元素为N第II 卷（非选择，共52分）19．（14分）下表为元素周期表的一部分，请根据元素①~⑧所处的位置回答下列问题：族周期ⅠA 0 1 ① ⅡA ⅢA ⅣA ⅤA ⅥA ⅦA 2 ② ③ ④ 3⑤⑥⑦⑧（1）元素⑧的原子结构示意图为________，其基态原子的价电子排布式为________． （2）34号元素Se 与④同主族，则Se 在元素周期表中的位置为________．（3）元素④⑤能够组成原子个数比为1:1的化合物，其电子式为________________，该化合物中含有的化学键类型包括________________（填化学键类型）（4）由③④⑥可形成一种高硬度、耐高温的防弹材料，这三种元素的简单离子半径由大到小的排列顺序是________________．（填离子符号）（5）元素②、③、④分别形成的气态氢化物的沸点由高到低顺序是________________．（填分子式） 20．（15分）钒（V ）是一种重要的金属，有金属“维生素”之称，用途涵盖了航空航天、电池、光学、医药等众多领域，主要由五氧化二钒冶炼得到．某种由钒精矿（含25V O 及少量MgO 、2SiO 等杂质）提取五氧化二钒的工艺流程如下图所示．（1）钒精矿磨细的目的是________________．浸出液中含有钒酸钠34(Na VO )，34VO -与34PO -的空间构型相同，均为________________形．（2）净化液中加入氯化铵溶液进行氨化沉钒，过滤得到固体43NH VO ，经煅烧后得到25V O ，煅烧过程中发生反应的化学方程式是________________．（3）五氧化二钒的结构简式如图所示，该结构中σ键与π键个数之比是________．（4）催化剂25V O 溶于NaOH 溶液中，可得到偏钒酸钠，偏钒酸钠的阴离子呈如图所示的无限链状结构，写出偏钒酸钠的化学式________________．（5）钒在周期表中的位置是________________．单质钒的晶胞结构如图所示，若晶胞的棱长为a nm ，密度为3g cm ρ-⋅，阿伏加德罗常数的值为A N ，钒的相对原子质量为________________（列出计算式即可）．21．（13分）全球首次在350公里时速的奥运版复兴号高铁列车上依托5G 技术打造的超高清直播演播室，实现了超高清信号的长时间稳定传输．请回答下列问题：（1）5G 芯片主要材质是高纯硅．基态Si 原子价层电子的运动状态有________种．高纯硅制备过程中会生成3SiHCl 、4SiCl 等中间产物．这两种物质的沸点：3SiHCl ________4SiCl （填“>”或“<”）．（2）已知电负性：H Si >，则3SiHCl 充分水解的化学方程式为________________．（3）复兴号高铁车体材质用到Mn 、Co 等元素．Mn 的一种配合物化学式为[]53Mn(CO)(CH CN)，下列说法正确的是________（填字母标号）．A ．3CH CN 与Mn 原子配位时，提供孤电子对的是C 原子B ．Mn 原子的配位数为6C ．3CH CN 中C 原子的杂化类型为2sp 、3sp D ．3CH CN 中σ键与π键数目之比为5:2（4）时速600公里的磁浮列车需用到超导材料．超导材料TiN 具有NaCl 型结构（如图），晶胞参数（晶胞边长）为10a 10m -⨯，则最近的两个3Ti +间的距离为________m ；阿伏伽德罗常数的值为A N ，则该氮化钛的密度________________3g cm -⋅（列出计算式即可）．22．（10分）某同学设计如下制备铜的配合物的实验，并对铜的化合物进行研究．已知铜离子的配位数通常为4．（1）X 试剂为________________；（2）写出c 试管中浑浊液溶解成深蓝色溶液的离子方程式________________．（3）目前，印刷电路板的腐蚀多采用碱氨蚀刻液（氯化铵和氨水的混合液），使电路板露出的铜以二氯四氨合铜的形式溶解下来，写出腐蚀的化学方程式________________．（4）由上述实验能说明3NH 、OH -与2Cu +形成蓝色配离子的稳定性强弱为：________>________（填化学式）．兰州一中2022-2023-2期期中考试高二化学参考答案单选题（1-6题每题2分，7-18题每题3分）1 D2 A3 B4 D5 B6 B7 B8 C9 D 10 C 11 D 12 D 13 C 14 A 15 A 16C17C18C19．（每空2分，共14分）（18）253s 3p（2）第四周期ⅥA 族（3）2Na O O Na -+⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦∶∶∶ 离子键，（非极性）共价键 （4）323NO Al --+>> （5）234H O NH CH >>20．（方程式3分，其余每空2分，共13分）（1）增大接触面积，加快反应速率和提高V 的浸出率 正四面体（2）4325322NH VO V O 2NH H O +↑+煅烧（3）3:2（4）第四周期第ⅤB 族 322A 5a N 10ρ-⋅⋅⨯（或321A 1/2a N 10ρ-⋅⋅⋅⨯）（5）3NaVO21．（方程式3分，其余每空2分，共15分） （1）4 <（2）32232SiHCl 3H O H SiO 3HCl H +=++ （3）BD （4）102a 102-⨯ 83A (4(4814)N a )10-⨯+⨯（或324A 462N a 10-⨯⨯⨯，或243A 24810N a ⨯⨯） 22．（方程式3分，其余每空2分，共10分） （1）无水乙醇（2）[]22334Cu(OH)4NH Cu(H 2)N OH +-+=+（3）43234222Cu 4NH Cl 4NH O 2Cu(NH C )l 2H O +++=+ （4）[][]22344Cu(NH Cu )(OH)+->。

兰州一中2014-2015-1高三年级期中考试试题理科综合注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、座位号填写在三张答题卡上。

2.试卷满分300分，考试时间150分钟。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H —1 C —12 O —16 Mg —24 Cu —64二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14～18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19～21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

15．汽车在平直公路上以速度v 0匀速行驶，发动机功率为P，快进入闹市区时，司机减小了油门，使汽车的功率立即减小一半并保持该功率继续行驶，以下哪个图象正确表示了从司机减小油门后汽车的速度与时间的关系16．如图所示，质量为M 的物体内有光滑圆形轨道，现有一质量为m 的小滑块沿该圆形轨道的竖直面做圆周运动，A 、C 为圆周的最高点和最低点，B 、D 与圆心O 在同一水平线上．小滑块运动时，物体M 保持静止，关于物体M 对地面的压力N 和地面对物体的摩擦力，下列说法正确的是A ．滑块运动到A 点时，N >Mg ，摩擦力方向向左B ．滑块运动到B 点时，N =Mg ，摩擦力方向向右C ．滑块运动到C 点时，N <( M +m ) g ，M 与地面无摩擦力D ．滑块运动到D 点时，N =( M +m ) g ，摩擦力方向向左17．如图所示，AB 杆以恒定角速度ω绕A 点在竖直平面内转动，并带动套在固定水平杆OC 上的小环M 运动，AO 间距离为h 。

运动开始时AB 杆在竖直位置，则经过时间t （小环仍套A 0.5v vB 0.5v v D0.5v v C 0.5v v在AB和OC杆上）小环M的速度大小为A．ωhB．ωh tan（ωt）C．ωhcos(ωt)D．ωh cos2(ωt)18．如下图，穿在水平直杆上质量为m的小球开始时静止。

甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年度高三上学期期中考试英语试题及答案本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。

注意事项：1．答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号框, 不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项。

并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．ADo you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone‟s life?If yes, don‟t care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you‟ll make it!Position: Volunteer Social Care Assistant(No Pay with Free Meals)Place: ManchesterHours: Part TimeWe are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives! Only 4 days left. Don‟t miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!Role:You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives. You will help them to develop new skills. You will help them to protect their rights and their safety. But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.Skills and Experience Required:You will have the right values and great listening skills. You will be honest and patient. You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you‟ll have to help those people with different learning disabilities. Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you.1. The text is meant to ________.A. leave a noteB. send an invitationC. carry an advertisementD. present a document2. What does the underlined part mean?A. You‟ll arrive home just in time from this job.B. You‟ll make others‟ lives more meaningful with this job.C. You‟ll earn a good salary from this job.D. You‟ll succeed in getting this job.3. The volunteers‟ primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities ________.A. to get some financial supportB. to properly protect themselvesC. to realize their own importanceD. to learn some new living skills4. Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?A. The one who has done similar work before.B. The one who can drive a car.C. The one who has patience to listen to others.D. The one who can use English to communicate.BWealth starts with a goal saving a dollar at a time. Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略). There are lessons in that time-honored coin-saving container.Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps. I f you wished to climb a 12,000-foot mountain, and could do it a day at a time, you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach the top in a year. If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion, to collect the $15,000 cost, you have to save $3.93 a day. If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1,434 in a savings account at 1% interest rate after-tax, you will have your trip money.When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save money to buy it. We associate piggy banks with children, but in many countries, the little containers are also popular with adults. Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth. Around the world, many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year‟s Day brings good luck and financial success. Ah, but you have to put something in it.Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving? Why not an elephant bank, which is bigger and holds more coins? In the Middle Ages, before modern banking and credit instruments, people saved money at home, a few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish. Potters(制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orange-colored clay(黏土) called “pygg,” and folks saved coins in pygg jars.The Middle English word for pig was “pigge”. While the Saxons pronounced pygg, referring to the clay, as “pug”, eventually the two wor ds changed into the same pronunciation, sounding the “i” as in pig or piggy. As the word became less associated with the orange clay and more with the animal, a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig, delighting children and adults. The piggy bank was born.Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings. While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving, adults often need to relearn childhood lessons. Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money--- college education, weddings, cars, medical care, starting a business, buying a home, and fun stuff like great trips. So when you have money, take off the top 10%, put it aside, save and invest wisely.5. What is the piggy bank strategy?A. Paying 1% income tax at a time.B. Setting a goal before making a travel plan.C. Putting aside a little money regularly for future use.D. Aiming high even when doing small things.6. Why did the writer‟s pa rents give him a piggy bank as a gift?A. To delight him with the latest fashion.B. To encourage him to climb mountains.C. To teach him English pronunciation.D. To help him form the habit of saving.7. The piggy bank originally was ________.A. a cheap clay containerB. a potter‟s instrumentC. an animal-shaped dishD. a pig-like toy for children8. The last paragraph talks about ________.A. the seriousness of educating childrenB. the enjoyment of taking a great tripC. the difficulty of starting a businessD. the importance of managing moneyCThe behaviour of a building‟s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放）by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own — though extremely important- is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.…Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,‟explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，…consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design. ‟In other words，old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers don‟t have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information，it‟s hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈）facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension (方面），suggesting that individuals‟ behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted — whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器) , for example.Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.9. As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of________.A. the behaviour of building usersB. zero-carbon homesC. sustainable building designD. the reduction of carbon emissions10. What are Katy Janda‟s words mainly about?A. The necessity of making a careful building design.B. The importance of changing building users‟ habits.C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users.D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.11. The information gap in energy use _______.A. affects the study on energy monitorsB. can be bridged by feedback facilitiesC. brings about problems for smart metersD. will be caused by building users‟ old habits12. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?A. The social science research is to be furthered.B. The education programme is under discussion.C. The behaviour preference of building users is similar.D. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.DThe kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words.The key to their success: 20 tablet computers(平板电脑) dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a U.S. group called One Laptop Per Child.The goal is to find out whether kids using today‟s new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say they‟re already amazed. “What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten,” said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia program.The fastest learner—and the first to turn on one of the tablets—is 8-year-old Kelbesa Negusse. The device‟s camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia.With his tablet, Kelbasa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he spelled words on his own. “Seven months ago he didn‟t know any English. That‟s unbelievable,” said Keller.The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading,” where they can read to learn. It won‟t be in Amharic, Ethiopia‟s first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs.13. How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village?A. It contributes to their self-study.B. It trains teachers for them.C. It helps raise their living standards.D. It provides funds for building schools.14. It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could _______.A. draw pictures of animals.B. learn English words quickly.C. write letters to researchers.D. make phone calls to his friends.15. What is the aim of the project?A. To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs.B. To make Amharic widely used in the world.C. To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language.D. To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

兰州一中2014-2015-2学期期末考试试题高二政治（文科）说明：本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分100分，考试时间100分钟。

答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。

第I卷（选择题共48分）一.选择题（本大题共计24小题，每小题2分。

每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题目要求）。

1.2014年3月12日，国家食品药品监督总局通报了雅芳化妆品添加有毒物质，并已流向140多个国家和地区。

对雅芳有毒化妆品的认识，正确的是（）①作为劳动产品，若能交换成功则是商品②不具备应有的使用价值，不是商品③是商品，因为既有使用价值又有价值④使用价值是价值的物质承担者，不具备应有的使用价值的物品则无价值，故不是商品A.①②B.②③C.①③D.②④2.假设某国2013年的商品价格总额为18万亿元，流通中需要的货币量为3万亿元。

若2014年该国劳动生产率提高20%，货币流通速度下降20%，若商品价格水平不变，2014年流通中需要的货币量为（）A．3.6万亿元B．3.75万亿元C．4.5万亿元D．3万亿元3.在生活中，人们感觉到在国内，人民币越来越不值钱；而在国外，人民币越来越值钱。

有专家测算，2013年的1000元只相当于2005年的576元，人民币对内贬值幅度达43%;与此同时，人民币对美元累计升值超过34%。

对此认识正确的是（）①二者都是发生通货膨胀的必然结果②人民币内贬外升提升了人民币购买力③二者都是我国经济发展失衡的表现④促进经济持续健康发展需要稳定币值A.①②B．②④C．①③D．③④4.下表是老王家2012年和2013年的收入和消费情况表（单位：万元）由上表可以看出 ( ) ①老王家的恩格尔系数由42.5%下降到40% ②老王家的恩格尔系数由39.23%下降到37.5%③加快经济发展，缩小广大城乡居民收入差距，是降低恩格尔系数的最重要手段 ④应拓宽投资理财渠道，努力增加居民收入A.①③B.①④C. ②③D.②④5.x 、y 分别代表不同的参数(由y 变化引起x 变化)，以下情形与图形变动趋势不相符的是( )A ．y 为收入差距大小；x 为社会总体消费水平B ．y 为金银自身价值；x 为用金银数量表示出的商品价格C ．y 为汽油价格；x 为汽车需求D ．y 为甲企业的生产效率；x 为甲企业产品的单件价值量6.2012年W 商品的年产量为400万件，价值总量为48000万元，生产该商品的甲企业年产量为100万件。

甘肃省兰州市第一中学2024-2025学年高二政治上学期期中试题理说明：本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分为100分，考试时间50分钟。

请将答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共80分）一、选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题4分。

每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题目要求）1．我们应这样看待哲学的产生（）①与人类同时产生的②产生于人的主观心情③产生于人的实践活动④产生于人们相识世界和改造世界的活动中A．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④2．人人都有自己的世界观，但并非人人都是哲学家，这是因为（）A．哲学就在我们身边B．世界观人皆有之C．要形成哲学,必需把世界观系统化理论化D．哲学是关于世界观的学说3．习近平指出：“学好马克思主义哲学，把思想方法搞正确，增加工作中的科学性和全面性，才能不断开创各项工作的新局面。

哲学是深刻的，追求高素养，不能没有哲学；要做大事业，也不能没有哲学。

”这段话的哲学依据是（）A．哲学源于人类的实践活动B．没有哲学的指导，人们就会寸步难行，一事无成C．哲学是现世的才智，是“文化的活的灵魂”D．真正的哲学可以指导人们正确地相识世界和改造世界4. 面对挫折、失败，有人认命，选择流泪、放弃；有人不服输，选择流汗、坚持。

这反映了（）A．世界观促进人生发展B．世界观确定方法论C．方法论影响世界观D．哲学是科学的世界观5.北京故宫博物院开发出“故宫口红”、“故宫面膜”“故宫文具”等一万余种文创产品，让600岁的故宫一下子年轻起来……文创产品从曲高和寡的阳春白雪，转变为圈粉多数的寻常物件，他们承载的传统文化也以新的姿态融入现代人的生活。

材料体现了（）①事物只有在实践中才能实现自身发展②在敬重文化发展规律的基础上发挥主观能动性才能胜利③物质是一种客观实在④一切事物都是肯定运动和相对静止的统一A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．②④6. 哲学的基本问题是的关系问题。

兰州一中2023—2024-2 学期期末考试试题高二英语说明：本试卷分第I 卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分150 分，考试时间120 分钟。

答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。

第—部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）第一节（共 5 小题：每小题 1.5 分，满分7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

What is the weather like nowA. Cloudy.B. Rainy.C. Sunny.Why didn’t the woman buy the coatA. It cost too much.B. It didn’t fit her.C. She didn’t take enough money.What did the man do this morningA. He did some washing.B. He cleaned the house.C. He took out the rubbish.What are the speakers mainly talking aboutA. A manager.B. A job.C. A meeting.What do we know about the man last weekendA. He was busy.B. He went on business.C. He was ill.第二节（共15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

兰州一中2015-2016学年第二学期高二年级期中考试思想政治（文科）说明：本试卷满分100分，包括第Ⅰ卷选择题（52分）和第Ⅱ卷非选择题（48分）两部分，答题时间共100分钟。

考试结束后请将答题页（5～8页）交回。

第Ⅰ卷选择题（50分）一、选择题（在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的，请将所选答案的序号填写在答题页相应表格内。

本大题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分）1.南阳画家傅保欣精心创作的山水画《巍巍伏牛八百里》，以艺术形式形象展现了八百里伏牛山的自然美。

对此，下列理解错误的是A.伏牛山的自然美也是一种文化B.艺术是文化的一种表现形式C.文化是人所创造的、为人所特有的D.山水画的创作属于文化活动2．下列对“当今时代文化与经济相互交融程度不断加深”的理解正确的是A.经济是基础，文化是经济的反映B.一定的文化由一定的经济所决定，又反作用于一定的经济C.文化与经济互为基础相互决定D.经济的文化含量日益提高，文化的经济功能越来越强3.近年来，国家非常重视非物质文化遗产的保护，民众的非物质文化遗产保护意识也得到增强。

如果请你写一份“积极行动起来，为保护非物质文化遗产做贡献”的倡议书，应当运用的语句是①文化遗产是一个国家和民族历史文化成就的重要标志②社会实践是文化创新的动力③文化多样性是人类进入文明时代的标志④传统文化是维系民族生存和发展的精神纽带A.①② B．③④ C．①④ D．②③当今时代，文化在综合国力竞争中的地位和作用越来越突出，文化已经成为国家核心竞争力的重要因素。

据此回答4-5题。

4.中国古代就有“以天下之至柔，驰骋天下之至坚”，“不战而屈人之兵”的说法。

从文化视角来看，上述观点可以理解为A.文化的力量就其实质来说是物质力量和精神力量的总和B.在国际竞争中，一国的文化软实力可以转化为战胜对手的硬国力C.文化是有形的，但文化的影响和作用是无形的D.和平竞争是战胜对手最高效、最有力的手段5.美国一著名专家曾评论说，“中国的软实力中文化的吸引力还相对较弱。

兰州一中2014-2015-1学期高三年级期中考试试题文科综合说明：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分300分，考试时间150分钟。

答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。

第I 卷本卷共35个小题，每小题4分，共140分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项 是符合题目要求的。

12.2011年某国流通中需要的货币量为10万亿元，由于生产发展，货币需求量增加20%，但实际执行结果却使流通中的货币量达到15万亿元，这时货币的贬值幅度为________，原来标价30元的M 商品，现在的价格是________A.23% 44元B.20% 36元C.20% 37.5元D.23% 40元13.小林的父亲听说小林学了外汇的知识，就考他说：“我想从国外进口一批货物，听说人民币以后还要升值，假如是真的，我是现在进这批货物划算，还是以后进划算？”小林的正确回答应该是A.现在划算，因为人民币越升值，外国货价格越高B.现在划算，因为在人民币升值前可以购买更多的外国货C.升值后划算，因为升值后外国货价格降低D.升值后划算，因为人民币升值后，同样多的人民币可以兑换更多的外国货币14.下面左右两幅图中分别表达了商品甲、乙是两种互不关联的商品的价格与需求的曲线，根据下图当二者的价格P 均从 P1同幅下降到P2时需求的变化，下列判断正确的是价格 P 1 P 2 P 1 P 2 价格 需求曲线 需求曲线 商品甲数量 商品乙数量 0 0 Q 1 Q 2 Q 1 Q 2A.甲商品不适合采取降价促销策略B.乙商品不适合采取降价促销策略C.降价对生产两种商品的企业盈利无影响D.降价对甲乙商品的生产无影响15.中国互联网电商平台网站唯品会2012年3月22日登陆纽交所，开盘价为每股6美元，收盘报5.50美元，较发行价跌15.38%。

按收盘价计算，该公司市值约2.68亿美元。

据此，我们可以推断唯品会：①是一家股份有限公司②股东按出资比例行使表决权③是一家有限责任公司④财务必须向全社会公开A.①②B.②③C.①④D.③④16.2014年8月13，中国汽车业“迎来”首张反垄断罚单。

兰州一中2016-2017-1学期高二年级期中考试试题思想政治（文科）说明:本试卷分第I卷（选择题)和第II卷(非选择题）两部分.满分100分,考试时间100分钟.答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。

第I卷（选择题共50分）一。

选择题（本大题共计25小题,每小题2分.每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题目要求。

)被美国人称为“精神之父”的富兰克林,年轻时曾去拜访一位德高望重的老前辈。

那时他年轻气盛，挺胸抬头迈着大步,一进门,他的头就狠狠地撞在门框上。

出来迎接他的前辈笑着说:“很痛吧！可是这将是你今天访问我的最大收获。

一个人要想平安无事地活在世上，就必须时刻记住：该低头时就低头。

”据此回答1～2题：1.富兰克林撞上门框，获得了哲学启迪，这一事例说明的道理是（）A.人们在实践活动中都能形成哲学智慧B.哲学的智慧产生于人类的实践活动C.认识世界、改造世界，都需要哲学智慧D.哲学是一门使人聪明、给人智慧的学问2.富兰克林的经历告诉我们，低姿态是一种哲学智慧，可以更好地发展自己，成就自己。

这启示我们( ）A。

任何哲学都能指导人们正确地认识世界和改造世界B。

任何哲学都给人以智慧，使人更聪明C。

不懂哲学的人,就无法生存和工作D。

哲学是指导人们生活得更好的艺术3。

钱学森是我国著名的科学家,同时又是一名哲学家，他曾经说过：“没有科学的哲学是跛子，没有哲学的科学是瞎子。

"这句话告诉我们（）A各门具体科学是哲学的基础B.哲学为具体科学提供世界观和方法论的指导C.哲学是世界观和方法论的统一D.哲学和具体科学密切联系、不可分割4.人们在经过了一系列思考后理性地选择了走可持续发展的道路,落实科学发展观成为人们的自觉行动.这体现了（)A。

没有哲学智慧，就没有人们认识世界和改造世界的活动B.真正的哲学能指导人们正确地认识世界和改造世界C。

思维方法在认识和改造世界中起决定作用D.人们改造世界的能力取决于主观认识5。

甘肃省兰州第一中学2014-2015学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题本试卷满分100分，考试时间100分钟。

交卷时只交答题卡。

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

AMost people buy a lot of gifts just before Christmas. But some people think we buy too much. They have st arted a special day called Buy Nothing Day. They don’t want anyone to go shopping that day.Buy Nothing Day is November 29. It’s 25 days before Christmas. It’s after Thanksgiving and often the first day of Christmas shopping. At this time, we see ads in newspapers and on TV telling us to “buy, buy, buy!”The idea for Buy Nothing Day started in Vancouver, British Columbia. Now people all over the world celebrate Buy Nothing Day. In California, parents and children get together to read stories, sing s ongs, and paint pictures. The children talk about why they don’t need a lot of toys. This year, in Manchester, England, people dressed up to tell people that we buy too much.In Albuquerque, New Mexico, high school students wanted to tell other students about Buy Nothing Day. They organized a spaghetti dinner to give people information about Buy Nothing Day. They asked restaurants in the neighborhood to donate the food. They made posters and talked to other students about it. The dinner was a big success, and many students agreed not to buy anything on November 29. The students at high school liked the idea of this new tradition. Next year, they want to have another dinner to tell more people about Buy Nothing Day!1. Which of the following is NOT the day for people to celebrate Buy Nothing Day?A. The first day after Christmas.B. 25 days before Christmas.C. After Thanksgiving.D.November 292. When do people usually do shopping?A. Before Thanksgiving.B. On Christmas.C. Anytime.D. Before Christmas.3. How do people celebrate Buy Nothing Day?A. In California, parents and children get together to play games.B. In England, people celebrated by performing plays.C. They bought nothing and made the others decide not to.D. In Mexico, high school students dressed up.BThe iPhone, the iPad each of Apple’s products sounds cool and has bee a fad(一时的风尚). Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter “i” –-- and many other brands are following suit. The BBC’s iPlayer --- which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet ---used the title in 2008. A lovely bear --- popular in the US and UK --- that plays music and video is called “iTeddy”. A slimmed-down version(简装本) of London’s Independent newspaper was started last week under the name “i”.In general, single-letter prefixes(前缀) have been popular since the 1990s, when terms such as e-mail and e-merce(电子商务) first came into use.Most “i” products are targeted at （针对）young people and considering the major readers of Independent’s “i”, it’s no surprise that they’ve selected this fashionable name.But it’s hard to see what’s so special about the letter “i”. Why not use “a”, “b”, or “c” instead? According to Tony Thorne, head of the Language Center at King’s College, London, “i” works because its meaning has bee ambiguous. When Apple uses “i”, no one knows whether it means Internet, information, individual or interactive, Thorne told BBC Magazines. “Even when Apple created the iPod, it seems it didn’t have one clear definition（定义）,” he says.“However, thanks to Apple, the term is now connected with portability (轻便) .”adds Thorne.Clearly the letter “i” also agrees with the idea that the Western World is centered on the individual. Each person believes they have their own needs, and we love personalized products for this reason.Along with “Google” and “blog”, readers of BBC Magazines voted “i” as one of the top 20 words that have e to define the last decade(十年).But as history shows, people grow tired of fads. From the 1900s to 1990s, products with“2000” in their names became fashionable as the year was connected with all things advanced and modern. However, as we entered the new century, the fashion disappeared.4. People use iPlayer to __________.A. listen to musicB. make a callC. watch TV programs onlineD.read newspapers5. We can infer that the Independent’s “i” is designed for _________.A. young readersB. old readersC. fashionable womenD. engineers6. The underlined word “ambiguous” means “__________”.A. popularB. uncertainC. clearD. unique7. Nowadays, the “i” term often reminds people of the products which are __________.A. portableB. environmentally friendlyC. advancedD. recyclable8. The writer suggests that __________.A. “i” products are often of high qualityB. iTeddy is alive bearC. the letter “b” replaces letter “i” to name the productsD. the popularity of “i” products may not last longCNext Stop Planet MarsFly me to the moon? That’s not far enough. On September 14,2011, NASA released designs for a super rocket, the Space Launch System (SLS). This time the final destination will be Mars.The SLS is a huge, liquid –fuelled rocket. If it is fully developed, it will be the most powerful rocket ever built. Its lift capability will be much bigger than that of the space shuttle of Saturn 5, the rocket that sent the Apollo missions to the moon.NASA is planning to launch its first unmanned test flight in 2017. It is hoped that the first crew will fly in 2021 and astronauts will make it to a nearby asteroid (小行星) in 2025. NASA hopes to send the rocket and astronauts to Mars from the asteroid by the 2030s, according to the Associated Press (AP).NASA used liquid rockets to send Apollo, Gemini and Mercury into space, but later changed to solid rockets boosters (助推火箭) because they were cheaper. Tragically, however, a booster flaw (缺陷) caused the space shuttle Challenger to crash in 1986. The new project plans to return to liquid fuel.According to AP, the rockets will at first be able to carry 77 to 110 tons of payload (净载重量). Eventually they will be able to carry 143 tons into space, maybe even as many as 165 tons, NASA officials said. By parison, the Saturn 5 booster could lift 130 tons and the space shuttle just 27 tons.However, unlike reusable shuttles, these powerful rockets are mostly one use only. New ones have to be built for every launch. This will be very costly.NASA estimates that it will cost about $3 billion (19 billion yuan) per year, or $ 18 billion until the first test flight in 2017. NASA hopes to make money by allowing private panies to send astronauts to the International Space Station like giant taxi services, so that the program can be “sustainable”.“This is perhaps the biggest thing for space exploration in decades,” said Senator Bill Nelson, a former astronaut. “The goal is to fly humans safely beyond low – Earth orbit (轨道) and deep into outer space where we cannot only survive, but one day also live environmentally friendly”9. Accordin g to NASA’s schedule, it will take years to fully plete the SLS program.A. about 6B. about 10C. less than 14D. more than 1910. It can be inferred from the passage that .A. the SLS program is planning to make reusable rocketsB. the goal of the SLS program is to enable humans to live on the moonC. the US government may not have provided enough money for the SLS programD. NASA will use SLS as a space taxi between the Earth and Mars.第二节(共5 小题，每小题2 分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

兰州一中2014-2015-1高三年级期中考试试题理科综合注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、座位号填写在三张答题卡上。

2.试卷满分300分，考试时间150分钟。

可能用到的相对原子质量：H—1 C—12 O—16 Mg—24 Cu—64第Ⅰ卷一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1．用蛋白酶去除大肠杆菌核糖体的蛋白质，处理后的核糖体仍可催化氨基酸的脱水缩合反应。

由此可推测核糖体中能催化该反应的物质是A．蛋白酶B．RNA聚合酶C．逆转录酶D．RNA2．下列有关ATP的叙述，错误的是A．线粒体合成的ATP可在细胞核中发挥作用B．机体在运动时消耗ATP，睡眠时积累ATPC．在有氧与缺氧的条件下细胞质基质中都能形成ATPD．每个ATP分子中含有两个高能磷酸键3．下列关于物质跨膜运输的叙述，错误的是A．在顺浓度梯度情况下，葡萄糖可以通过协助扩散进入细胞B．低温环境会影响物质的主动运输速率，但不影响被动运输C．水分进出细胞取决于细胞膜两侧液体的浓度差D．土壤板结能影响植物根细胞膜转运K+速率4.下列关于细胞结构和功能的叙述，错误的是A．肺炎双球菌无线粒体，只能进行无氧呼吸B．线粒体、叶绿体中含有少量遗传物质C．分泌蛋白的形成与核糖体、内质网、高尔基体有关D．内质网既参与物质合成，也参与物质运输5．下列有关探究光合作用过程的描述，正确的是A．将充分暗处理后的天竺葵叶片一半遮光，光照一段时间，遮光部分遇碘变蓝B．载有水绵和好氧细菌的临时装片，用透过三棱镜的光照射一段时间，绿光区域聚集细菌最多C．向绿色植物提供H218O和CO2，光照一段时间，释放的气体含有18O2D．向小球藻提供14CO2，光照一段时间，14C5化合物先于14C3化合物出现6．下列有关生物实验选材的叙述，错误的是A．用紫色洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞可观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布情况B．用哺乳动物成熟红细胞可制备较纯净的细胞膜C．用过氧化氢酶可探究温度对酶活性的影响D ．用黑藻叶片可观察植物细胞质壁分离现象7．下列对有关化学反应过程或实验现象的解释中，正确的是A ．Cl 2的水溶液可以导电，说明Cl 2是电解质B ．在高温条件下，C 能置换出SiO 2中的Si ，说明C 的氧化性强于SiC ．向淀粉碘化钾的溶液中加入氯水，溶液变为蓝色，说明Cl 2的氧化性强于I 2D ．滴有酚酞的Na 2CO 3溶液中，加入BaCl 2溶液后，溶液褪色，说明BaCl 2溶液有酸性8．据最新报道，科学家发现了如下反应：O 2＋PtF 6 = O 2(PtF 6)，已知O 2(PtF 6)为离子化合物，其中Pt 为+5价，对于此反应，下列叙述正确的是A ．在此反应中，O 2是氧化剂，PtF 6是还原剂B ．反应中每生成1molO 2(PtF 6)转移1mol 电子C ．O 2(PtF 6)中氧元素的化合价是＋1价D ．O 2(PtF 6)中仅存在离子键不存在共价键9．符合右图的化学反应是层数的3倍，X 、M 同主族，Y 的原子在短周期主族元素中原子半径最大。

2014-2015学年兰州一中高二上学期期中考试政治试卷说明：本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分100分，考试时间100分钟。

答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。

第I卷（选择题共50分）一.选择题（本大题共计25小题，每小题2分。

每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题目要求）。

1．礼仪是交往的产物，语法是说话的产物，逻辑是思考的产物。

人们长期形成的做事情的方式和规范，无非是人类知识和经验的总结。

这表明①文化是人们社会实践的产物②文化实质上是一种精神力量③文化素养是逐步培养出来的④文化现象无时不在、无处不在A．②③ B．①② C．①③D．①④2. 2013年7月10日，新闻出版总署公布《2012年新闻出版产业分析报告》，《报告》显示，在社会主义文化强国建设和推动文化产业成为国民经济支柱性产业的总体要求下，新闻出版产业继续保持平稳较快增长，全国出版、印刷和发行服务实现营业收入16635.3亿元，较上年增长14.2%；增加值4617.0亿元，较上年增长14.8%。

这表明A. 经济与文化相互影响、相互交融B．文化与政治相互影响、相互交融C．经济发展是文化发展的基础，文化是对经济的反映D．文化生产力在现代经济总体格局中的作用日益突出3. 孔子说：“德之不修，学之不讲，闻义不能徙，不善不能改，是吾忧也。

”这说明A．要通过教育和学习不断提高个人的道德文化修养B．一个人的文化素养是后天自发形成的C．文化活动就是人们的道德实践活动D．道德水平是文化素养高低的唯一标志4. 由美国耶鲁大学华裔教授蔡美儿撰写的《虎妈战歌》一书在美国引起轰动，并引起了美国关于中美教育方法的大讨论。

通常认为美国人能较为轻松地对待子女的教育，并不过分追求高学历、好职业的功利性目标；而中国人一般希望把孩子培养成“才”，将来有出息，谋个好职业，一生能在顺境中度过。

以上差异表明A．文化环境决定着人们的价值取向B．一定的文化环境中只能产生一种思维方式C．不同的文化教育环境对人们的交往方式产生不同的影响D．不同的文化教育环境影响人们在实践中目标的确定和行为的选择5. 春秋战国时期，经济的发展比现在落后得多，但当时，诸子百家，群星璀璨，是中国文化史上的黄金时代。

甘肃省兰州市第一中学2024-2025学年高二政治上学期期末考试试题理说明：本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分为100分，考试时间90分钟。

请将答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共60分）一、选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题3分。

每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项最符合题目要求）1.“一个科学家，假如没有哲学思想，便只是一个做粗活的工匠；一个艺术家，假如没有哲学思想，便只是个供人玩乐的艺人。

”这句话从某一方面或确定程度上正确地指出了①哲学可以代替科学和艺术②科学和艺术都要受到哲学的影响③哲学对科学和艺术具有指导作用④哲学是万能的，没有哲学就没有科学和艺术A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．②④2．英国哲学家休谟认为：“一切外部的事物都不过是人们的一些主观感觉和印象。

因此，人们在相识中只能和感觉发生关系，不能超出感觉之外。

在感觉之外有什么东西，人们无法知道。

我们之外的外部世界是否存在，也是不知道的。

”休谟的上述观点属于①客观唯心主义②主观唯心主义③可知论④不行知论A．①②B．②③C．①④D．②④3.物质概念是马克思主义哲学中最基础的概念，是马克思主义哲学的基石。

下列有关对这一概念的理解，正确的是①物质是不依靠于人的意识，并能为人的意识所反映的客观存在②物质是各种详细物质形态的总和③物质的唯一特性是客观实在性④物质是对万事万物共性的反映A. ①②B. ①④C. ③④D. ②③4.“天地之变，寒暑风雨，水旱螟蝗，率皆有法。

”这句话包含的哲学道理是（）A.规律是事物本质的必定的联系B.只有自然界的运动是有规律的C.规律可以为人所相识D.一切事物的运动都是有规律的5．有人学习了《愚公移山》的故事后，认为愚公真“愚”，为什么不用炸药炸，用汽车运呢？这种观点主要错在否认了A．实践的客观物质性 B．实践的主观能动性C．实践的社会性 D．实践的历史性6.1912年，德国科学家魏格纳提出了大陆漂移说，否定了前人的大陆均衡说、陆桥说，却被大多数学者斥为“荒诞的怪论”。