MC33182P中文资料

电压-频率变换器LM331LM331是美国NS公司生产的性能价格比较高的集成芯片。

LM331可用作精密的频率电压（F/V）转换器、A/D转换器、线性频率调制解调、长时间积分器以及其他相关的器件。

LM331为双列直插式8脚芯片，其引脚如图3所示。

LM331内部有（1）输入比较电路、（2）定时比较电路、（3）R-S触发电路、（4）复零晶体管、（5）输出驱动管、（6）能隙基准电路、（7）精密电流源电路、（8）电流开关、（9）输出保护点路等部分。

输出管采用集电极开路形式，因此可以通过选择逻辑电流和外接电阻，灵活改变输出脉冲的逻辑电平，从而适应TTL、DTL和CMOS 等不同的逻辑电路。

此外，LM331可采用单/双电源供电，电压范围为4～40V，输出也高达40V。

引脚1（PIN1）为电流源输出端，在f０（PIN3）输出逻辑低电平时，电流源ＩＲ输出对电容ＣＬ充电。

引脚2（PIN2）为增益调整，改变ＲＳ的值可调节电路转换增益的大小。

引脚3（PIN3）为频率输出端，为逻辑低电平，脉冲宽度由Ｒt和Ｃt决定。

引脚4（PIN4）为电源地。

引脚5（PIN5）为定时比较器正相输入端。

引脚6（PIN6）为输入比较器反相输入端。

引脚7（PIN7）为输入比较器正相输入端。

引脚8（PIN8）为电源正端。

LM331频率电压转换器V/F变换和F/V变换采用集成块LM331，LM331是美国NS公司生产的性能价格比较高的集成芯片，可用作精密频率电压转换器用。

LM331采用了新的温度补偿能隙基准电路，在整个工作温度范围内和低到4.0V电源电压下都有极高的精度。

同时它动态范围宽，可达100dB；线性度好，最大非线性失真小于0.01％，工作频率低到0.1Hz时尚有较好的线性；变换精度高，数字分辨率可达12位；外接电路简单，只需接入几个外部元件就可方便构成V/F或F/V等变换电路，并且容易保证转换精度。

图2是由LM331组成的电压频率变换电路，LM331内部由输入比较器、定时比较器、R－S触发器、输出驱动、复零晶体管、能隙基准电路和电流开关等部分组成。

MC2000超声波检验MC2100 总则MC2110 适用范围MC2120 一般要求MC2121 检验人员资格MC2122 超声波检验文件MC2130 超声波检验设备MC2131 超声波检验仪器MC2132 探头MC2133 耦合介质MC2134 标定试块和对比试块MC2134.1 标定试块MC2134.2 对比试块MC2140 检验实施要求MC2141 表面准备MC2142 探头的校正与时基校准MC2143 灵敏度调节MC2143.1 用底面回波进行调节MC2144 扫查方式MC2150 缺陷显示表征MC2151 以底面回波为基准的标定法MC2151.1 波幅标定MC2151.2 尺寸标定MC2151.3 成组缺陷显示MC2152 以底面回波衰减为基准的标定法MC2152.1 波幅标定MC2152.2 尺寸标定MC2153 以人工反射体为基准的标定法MC2153.1 幅度标定MC2153.2 尺寸标定MC2153.3 成组缺陷显示MC2160 检验报告MC2170 自动捡验方法的专门要求MC2200 铸件超声波检验MC2210 适用范围MC2220 一般要求MC2230 检验条件MC2231 检验时间MC2232 检验区域MC2233 扫查方式MC2234 对比试块MC2235 距离一波幅校正曲线MC2236 缺陷显示表征MC2236.1 幅度MC2236.2 尺寸MC2300 锻件超声波检验MC2310 总则MC2311 一般要求MC2312 检验条件MC2313 扫查方式MC2314 超声波检验文件MC2315 检验报告MC2316 检验人员的资格(代替AFNOR标准10.1节)MC2320 横波法检验和(或)斜射纵波法检验MC232l 对比试块MC2322 调节和信号显示的表征MC2400 厚度≥6mm的奥氏体钢和合金钢钢板的超声波检验MC2410 总则MC2411 耦合介质MC2412 阶梯形试块的钢种MC2413 衰减测量MC2413.1 原理MC2413.2 方法MC2500 管件超声波检验MC2510 适用范围MC2520 一般要求MC2530 检验条件MC2531 检验时间MC2532检验区域MC2533 扫查方式MC2534.1 无缝钢管MC2534.2 无填充材料的卷焊管MC2540 检验设备MC254 l 手工检验设备MC2542 自动检验设备MC2550 功率和增益调节MC2560 自动装置调节校验MC2570 缺陷显示表征MC2580 检验报告MC2600 全焊透焊缝超声波检验MC2610 适用范围MC2620 一般要求MC2630 检验条件MC2631 检验时间MC2632 检验区域MC2633 表面准备MC2633.1 对接焊缝MC2633.2 角焊缝和支管连接MC2634 扫查方式MC2634.1 对接焊缝MC2635 对比试块MC2635.1 几何形状MC2635.2 人工反射体MC2636 功率和增益调节MC2637 缺陷显示表征MC2639 焊补区检验MC2700 隔离焊层、堆焊层及复合层超声波检验MC27l0 适用范围MC2720 一般要求MC2730 检验条件MC2731 检验时间MC2732 检验区域C2733 表面准备MC2734 扫查方式MC2734.1 隔离焊层和堆焊层MC2734.2 复合层MC2735 对比试块MC2735.1 型式和几何形状、MC2735.2 人工反射体MC2740 缺陷显示表征MC2741 堆焊层MC2741.1 幅度评定MC2741.2 尺寸评定MC2741.3 成组缺陷显示MC2741.3.1 体积型缺陷显示MC2741.3.2 连续未结合型缺陷显示MC2742 隔离焊层MC2742.1 幅度评定MC2742.2 尺寸评定MC2742.3 成组缺陷信号显示MC2743 复合层MC2743.1 幅度评定MC2743.2 尺寸评定MC2750 焊补区检验MC3000射线照相检验MC3100 总则MC3110 适用范围MC3120 一般要求MC312l 检验人员资格MC3122 射线照相检验文件MC3123 基准底片MC3130 射线照相检验设备MC3131 射线源MC3132 胶片系统MC3133 增感屏MC3134 滤光板MC3135 遮挡物质（屏蔽板）MC3136 透度计MC3137 标志和定位标记MC3138 观察设备MC3138.1 黑度计MC3138.2 黑度基准胶片和标准样MC3138.3 观片灯MC3139 胶片的储存MC3139.1 胶片封装MC3139.2 存档柜MC3139.3 档案室MC3139.4 环境条件MC3139.5 胶片的归档MC3140 检验条件MC314l 表面准备MC3142 射线源的选择MC3143 几何参数MC3143.1 几何不清晰度MC3143.2 射线源尺寸MC3143.3 胶片与零件间的距离MC3144 射线照相胶片和射线源相对位置MC3144.1 单壁透照MC3144.2 双壁透照MC3144.3 多件全景透照MC3145 透度计MC3145.1 透度计选择MC3145.2 透度计位置MC3146 暗盒组成MC3146.1 胶片MC3146.2 增感屏MC3147 滤光板MC3147.1 电压＜400KV的X射线MC3147.2 γ射线源MC3147.3 直线加速器和电子感应加速器MC3148 遮挡物质(屏蔽板)MC3149 胶片标志MC3149.1 射线透照件的标志和标记MC3149.2 射线照相胶片的标志和标记MC3149.3 曝光次数和胶片重叠MC3150 射线照相胶片处置和检验MC315l 射线照相胶片处置MC3152 灰雾度MC3153 射线照相底片检验MC3160 射线照相胶片质量MC3161 黑度MC3162 图象质量MC3162.1 焊接件MC3162.2 铸件MC3170 检验报告MC3200 钢铸件射线照相检验MC3210 适用范围MC3220 一般要求MC3230 检验条件MC3231 检验时间MC3232 检验区域MC3233 表面准备MC3234 胶片类型MC3235 特殊检验条件MC3235.1 滤光板MC3147.2规定的滤光板是非强制性的。

低成本开关电源芯片M C34063A （M C33063）中文资料该器件本身包含了DC／DC变换器所需要的主要功能的单片控制电路且价格便宜。

它由具有温度自动补偿功能的基准电压发生器、比较器、占空比可控的振荡器，R—S触发器和大电流输出开关电路等组成。

该器件可用于升压变换器、降压变换器、反向器的控制核心，由它构成的DC／DC变换器仅用少量的外部元器件。

在各类电子产品中均非常广泛的应用.MC34063主要特性:输入电压范围：2、5～40V输出电压可调范围：1．25～40V最大输出电流：1．5A最大开关频率：100kHz低静态电流短路电流限制可实现升压或降压电源变换器MC34063的内部结构,引脚图及引脚功能：图1MC34063内部结构及引脚图1脚：开关管T1集电极引出端；2脚：开关管T1发射极引出端；3脚：定时电容ct接线端；调节ct可使工作频率在100—100kHz范围内变化；4脚：电源地；5脚：电压比较器反相输入端，同时也是输出电压取样端；使用时应外接两个精度不低于1％的精密电阻；6脚：电源端；7脚：负载峰值电流（Ipk）取样端；6，7脚之间电压超过300mV时，芯片将启动内部过流保护功能；8脚：驱动管T2集电极引出端。

MC34063A在线电源计算器-OnlinePowercalculationMC34063主要参数：项目条件参数单位PowerSupplyVoltage电源电压VCC40VdcComparatorInputVoltageRange比较器输入电压范围VIR0.3-+40VdcSwitchCollectorVoltage集电极电压开关VC(switch)40VdcSwitchEmitterVoltage(VPin1=40V)发射极电压开关VE(switch)40VdcSwitchCollectortoEmitterVoltage开关电压集电极到发射极VCE(switch)40VdcDriverCollectorVoltage驱动集电极电压VC(driver)40VdcDriverCollectorCurrent(Note1)驱动集电极电流IC(driver)100mASwitchCurrent开关电流ISW1.5AOperatingJunctionTemperature工作结温TJ+150℃OperatingAmbientTemperatureRange操作环境温度范围TAMC34063A0-70℃MC33063AV40-125MC33063A40-85StorageTemperatureRange储存温度范围Tstg65-150℃MC34063应用电路图图2MC34063电压逆变器图3MC34063降压电路图4NPN三极管扩流升压转换器图5NPN三极管扩流降压转换器图6 升压转换器MC34063的工作原理MC34063组成的降压电路MC34063组成的降压电路原理如图7。

HI331 User ManualIntroductionThe HI331 Bluetooth HART Interface is designed to connect PC’s to HART networks via wireless Bluetooth technology. Once the HART side is connected, the user’s application software can then configure, monitor, and document HART based instrumentation from up to 275ft (83.8m) away.System DiagramThe complete system consists of Host PC with Bluetooth transmitter, HI331, and HART network. The Host PC can be a Pocket PC PDA. For PC’s without an integral Bluetooth transmitter, there are many add-on transmitter modules available. SMAR supplies a Class 1 adapter as BT-ADAPTER.Figure 1. Bluetooth System DiagramBluetooth RangeNote that Class 1 Bluetooth transmitters have a range of 275’. Class 2 transmitters have a short r ange of 25’. The HI331 works with both Class 1 and Class 2 transmitters, but operation is limited to the range of the master transmitter.Software DriversNo additional software drivers need to be installed.BatteryThe HI331 contains a Li-Ion rechargeable battery. A fully recharged battery will provide 14 hours of continuous service.Battery ChargingSimply connect the HI331 to your PC USB Port using the supplied USB cable. The yellow “Charge On” LED should illuminate. Note that near a full charge, the “Charge On” LED may blink.Power Switch and LEDPress the power switch to turn on the unit. The green “Power” LED will illuminate when the unit is on. Press the power switch again to turn the unit off. Turn the unit off when not in use to conserve battery life.Battery Charge ErrorWhen the red “Charge Error” LED illuminates, there is a battery charge error condition. This is most likely due to high temperature on the battery. Remove the USB cable from the unit and turn the unit off. Put the unit in a cool location and wait 30 minutes before attempting a recharge. Contact SMAR if the condition persists.Initial PC Setup/ Bluetooth Modem DiscoveryThe following procedure must be done at least once for the PC to “Discover” the HI331.1.Turn on the HI331. It does not need to be connected to the HART network.2.Run the Bluetooth driver software that came with your PC or Bluetooth adapter(ie Linksys). There is typically a Bluetooth icon on the system tray that can bedouble clicked.3.Select “Find Bluetooth Devices” or “Site Survey” to locate any Bluetooth devicesin the area. You could also search for services. Search for “Serial Services” toalso locate Bluetooth devices.4. A device labeled “HART Modem” should be discovered.5.Double click on the “HART Modem” icon. The available serial service willappear as “AMP-SPP”, and say it is not connected.6.Double click on “AMP-SPP”. The Bluetooth connection will be made and theassigned COM port will be reported. Note that if 2 COM ports are reported, usethe “Outgoing” port. Note this port number for your application software.7.Some Bluetooth drivers may prompt for a “Passcode”. Enter “1234”, without thequotes.Discovery needs to be repeated only when adding or changing HI331 modems, or when multiple modems are in the Bluetooth area.Good Practices for PC ApplicationsWe recommend the following steps before use HI331:Install SMAR AssetView StandAlone-Install Smar AssetView StandAlone (or third part Software based on FDT/DTM) that are available in the package;Install DTM for HI331 and Smar Device Library (HART)-Run Setup from HI331 CD/DVD Install (this step will install DTM’s for HI331 and Smar HART Device Library);-After these 2 steps, run Smar AssetView for the first time. Go to the Update Catalogue before start using HI331;PC ApplicationsStart your PC application and set the com port setting to use the com port reported during Discovery. Use the application as normal. The HI331 looks like a normal RS232 device to the application software. The application software does not need to be modified.Multiple HI331 ModemsWhen several modems are in the same area, the Discovery process needs to be repeated. The modems will appear as “HART Modem (1)”, “HART Modem (2)”, etc. It may require trial and error to determine which modem is connected to the desired HART network.HART ConnectionsThe modem can be connected in one of two ways: across the loop load resistor (A – B) or across the HART transmitter terminals (C – D). See Figure 2.Figure 2. HART ConnectionsNOTE: Make the HART connections before turning on the power to the modem. This will improve initial communication reliability.PC Test SoftwareProgram “HM Test” is included on the installation CD to test the operation of the HI331. Launch the program from the CD or from the installed icon. Enter the com port that was assigned to the modem by Windows. Then select “Poll HART Network” to connect to a HART device. The program sends HART Command 0 to determine what transmitters are connected to the loop. The “Status” box will indicate successful operation of theHI331 in your sys tem. Consult the “Troubleshooting” section of this manual if test failure.TroubleshootingProblem:Will not communicateVerify the following:1. Com port number in application is the HI331 com port number.2. Loop power supply is on.3. Loop resistance between 250 ohms and 1Kohms.4. Loop current within HART limits.5. If multi drop configuration, all transmitters in loop have unique addresses.6. HI331 HART connections across loop resistor or across transmitter terminals.7. Battery is charged.8. Modem power switch is on and LED is illuminated.9. Perform the “Discovery” procedure again and verify a connection can be made.10. If using the Linksys USBBT100, verify the Linksys Bluetooth driver is installed and not the Windows Bluetooth driver. There is a known issue with the Linksys install and Windows XP SP2. Go to and search for “USBBT100” for details. Problem:Communications unreliableVerify the following:1. You are in radio range of the master transmitter. For Class 1 devices 275 ft, for Class2 devices, 25 ft.2. Vary the orientation of the master transmitter or the HI331 to improve radio link strength.3. Battery is charged.4. HART connections made before power turned on.5. Transmitter not in Burst mode. Communications can occur in Burst mode, but more retries will be necessary for success.6. In some applications, a connection can be lost, which looks like a communication lock-up. Perform the Discovery process again to reestablish the link without the need to restart your application.Problem:Will not communicate with CornerstonePerform the following:1. In directory “CSCONFIG/DB”, open file “CSLOCAL.INI”.2. Search for “[RDLS2]” without the quotes.3. Change “Debug=0” to “Debug=8”, again without the quotes.4. Save the file.Notice of FCC ComplianceThis product contains a radio module that has been tested and found to comply with the FCC Part15 Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in approved installations. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Modifications or changes to this equipment not expressly approved by SMAR Ltd may void t he user’s authority to operate this equipment.Contains Transmitter Module FCC ID: X3ZBTMOD1。

MOTOROLASEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATAThis document contains certain information on a new product.Specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice.© Motorola, Inc. 2003Document order number: MC33998/DRev 1.0, 03/200333998Advance InformationSwitching Power Supply with Linear RegulatorsThe 33998 is a medium-power, multi-output power supply integrated circuit that is capable of operating over a wide input voltage range, from 6.0V up to 26.5V with 40V transient capability. It incorporates a sensorless current mode control step-down switching controller regulating directly to 5.0V. The 2.6V linear regulator uses an external pass transistor to reduce the 33998 power dissipation. The 33998 also provides a 2.6V linear standby regulator and two 5.0V sensor supply outputs protected by internal low-resistance LDMOS transistors.There are two separate enable pins for the main and sensor supply outputs and standard supervisory functions such as resets with power-up reset delay.The 33998 provides proper power supply sequencing for advanced microprocessor architectures such as the Motorola MPC5xx and 683xx microprocessor families.Features•Operating Voltage Range 6.0V up to 26.5V (40V transient)•Step-Down Switching Regulator Output V DDH = 5.0V @ 1400mA (total)•Linear Regulator with External Pass Transistor V DDL = 2.6V @ 400mA •Low-Power Standby Linear Regulator V KAM = 2.6V @ 10mA•Two 5.0V @ 200mA (typical) Sensor Supplies V REF Protected Against Short-to-Battery and Short-to-Ground with Retry Capability•Undervoltage Shutdown on the V DDL , V DDH Outputs with Retry Capability •Reset Signals •Power-Up Delay•Enable Pins for Main Supplies (EN) and Sensor Supplies (SNSEN) •Power Sequencing for Advanced Microprocessor Architectures •SOIC-24WB PackageORDERING INFORMATIONDevice Temperature Range (T A )Package MC33998DW/R2-40°C to 125°C24 SOICWPOWER SUPPLY INTEGRATED CIRCUITF r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .33998MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA2Figure 1.33998 Simplified Block DiagramF r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA339983PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONPin Pin Name Description1VKAMOKKeep-Alive Output Monitoring. This pin is an "open-drain" output that will be used with a discrete pull-up resistor to V KAM . When the supply voltage to the 33998 is disconnected or lost, the VKAMOK signal goes low.2KA_V PWR Keep Alive Power Supply Pin. This supply pin is used in modules that have both direct battery connections and ignition switch activated connections.3C RES Reservoir Capacitor. This pin is tied to an external "reservoir capacitor" for the internal charge pump.4V PWRPower Supply Pin. Main power input to the IC. This pin is directly connected to the switching regulator power MOSFET. In automotive applications this pin must be protected against reverse battery conditions by an external diode.5–8GND Ground of the integrated circuit.9V SW Internal P-Channel Power MOSFET Drain. V SW is the "switching node" of the voltage buck converter. This pin is connected to the V PWR pin by an integrated p-channel MOSFET.10PWROKPower OK Reset Pin. This pin is an "open-drain" output that will be used with a discrete pull-up resistor to V KAM , V DDH , or V DDL . When either V DDH or V DDLoutput voltage goes out of the regulation limits this pin is pulled down.11FBKB Step-Down Switching Regulator Feedback Pin. The FBKB pin is the V DDH feedback signal for the switching regulator.12V SUM Error Amplifier "Summing Node". The V SUM pin is connected to the inverting input of the error amplifier. This node is also the "common" point of the integrated feedback resistor divider.13DRVLDrive for V DDL (2.6V) Regulator. The DRVL pin drives the base of an external NPN pass transistor for the V DDL linear post regulator. The collector of the VDDL pass transistor is connected to V DDH . An example of a suitable pass transistor is BCP68.14FBLFeedback for V DDL (2.6V) Regulator. The FBL pin is the voltage feedback sense signal from the V DDL (2.6V) linear post regulator.15V DDHV DDH is an input supply pin providing power for the buffered sensor supplies and the drive circuitry for the 2.6V linear power regulator. The V DDH pin is supplied from the switching regulator output, capable of providing 5.0V @ 1400mA total output current.16V REF2Sensor Supply #2 Output. The V REF2 pin is sensor supply output #2.17–20GND Ground of the integrated circuit.21V REF1Sensor Supply #1 Output. The V REF1 pin is sensor supply output #1.V KA_V VF r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .33998MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA422SNSENSensor Supply Enable Input. The SNSEN pin is an input, which enables the V REF1 and V REF2 supplies. It allows the control module hardware/software to shut down the sensor supplies.23EN Enable Input. The EN pin is an input, which enables the main switching regulator and all other functions. When this pin is low, the power supply is in a low quiescent state.24V KAMKeep-Alive (standby) 2.6V Regulator Output. This is a 2.6V low quiescent, low dropout regulator for Keep Alive memory.PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION (continued)Pin Pin Name DescriptionF r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA339985MAXIMUM RATINGSAll voltages are with respect to ground unless otherwise noted.RatingSymbol Value Unit Main Supply Voltage V PWR -0.3 to 45V Keep-Alive Supply Voltage KA_V PWR -0.3 to 45V Switching Node V SW -0.5 to 45V 5.0V Input Power V DDH -0.3 to 6.0V Sensor SupplyV REF1V REF2-0.3 to 18-0.3 to 18VKeep-Alive Supply VoltageV KAM -0.3 to 6.0V Maximum Voltage at Logic I/O PinsEN SNSEN PWROK VKAMOK-0.3 to 6.0-0.3 to 6.0-0.3 to 6.0-0.3 to 6.0V Charge Pump Reservoir Capacitor Voltage C RES -0.3 to 18V Error Amplifier Summing Node V SUM -0.3 to 6.0V Switching Regulator Output Feedback FBKB -0.3 to 6.0V V DDL Base Drive DRVL -0.3 to 6.0V V DDL Feedback FBL-0.3 to 6.0VESD VoltageHuman Body Model (all pins) (Note 1)Machine Model (all pins) (Note 2)V ESD1V ESD2±500±100VPower Dissipation (T A = 25°C) (Note 3)P D 800mW Thermal Resistance, Junction to Ambient (Note 4), (Note 5)R θJ-A 60°C/W Thermal Resistance, Junction to Board (Note 6)R θJ-B 20°C/W Operational Package Temperature [Ambient Temperature] (Note 7)T A -40 to 125°C Operational Junction Temperature T J -40 to 150°C Storage TemperatureT STG -55 to 150°C Lead Soldering Temperature (Note 8)T S260°CNotes1.ESD1 testing is performed in accordance with the Human Body Model (C ZAP =100 pF, R ZAP =1500 Ω).2.ESD2 testing is performed in accordance with the Machine Model (C ZAP =200 pF, R ZAP =0 Ω)3.Maximum power dissipation at indicated junction temperature.4.Junction temperature is a function of on-chip power dissipation, package thermal resistance, mounting site (board) temperature, ambient temperature, air flow, power dissipation of other components on the board, and board thermal resistance.5.Per SEMI G38-87 and JEDEC JESD51-2 with the single layer board horizontal.6.Thermal resistance between the die and the printed circuit board per JEDEC JESD51-8. Board temperature is measured on the top surface of the board near the package.7.The limiting factor is junction temperature, taking into account the power dissipation, thermal resistance, and heat sinking.8.Lead soldering temperature limit is for 10 seconds maximum duration. Not designed for immersion soldering. Exceeding these limits may cause malfunction or permanent damage to the device.F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .33998MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA6STATIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSCharacteristics noted under conditions 9.0V ≤ V PWR ≤ 16V, -40°C ≤ T J = T A ≤ 125°C, using the typical application circuit (see Figure 8) unless otherwise noted. Typical values noted reflect the approximate parameter mean at T A = 25°C under nominal conditions unless otherwise noted.CharacteristicSymbolMinTypMaxUnitGENERALSupply Voltage RangeNormal Operating Voltage Range (Note 9)Extended Operating Voltage Range (Note 9)V PWR(N)V PWR(E) 6.018––1826.5VMaximum Transient Voltage - Load Dump (Note 10)V PWR(LD)––40V V PWR Supply CurrentEN = 5.0V, V PWR = 14V, No Loads I VPWR25–150mA V PWR Quiescent Supply Current EN = 0V, V PWR = 12V I Q_VPWR5.0–15µAKA_V PWR Supply Current,EN = 5.0V, KA_V PWR = 14V, No Load on V KAM I KAVPWR0.5–3.0mAKA_V PWR Quiescent Supply Current EN = 0V, KA_V PWR = 12VI Q_KAVPWR50–350µABUCK REGULATOR V DDHBuck Converter Output VoltageI VDDH = 200mA to 1.4A, V PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V V DDH4.9–5.1VBuck Converter Output VoltageI VDDH = 1.4A, V PWR = KA_V PWR = 6.0V V DDH4.9–5.1V V DDH Line RegulationV PWR = KA_V PWR = 10V to 14V, I VDDH = 200mA RegLn VDDH-20–30mVV DDH Load RegulationV PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, I VDDH = 200mA to 1.4A V PWR = KA_V PWR = 6.0V, I VDDH = 200mA to 1.4A RegLd VDDH-20-20––2020mVV DDH Active Discharge ResistanceV PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, EN = 0V, I VDDH = 10mAR HDisch1.0–15ΩP-CHANNEL MOSFETDrain-Source Breakdown Voltage—Not Tested (Note 11)BV DSS 45––V Drain-Source Current Limit—Not Tested (Note 11)Isc SW1–-7.0–ANotes9.V DDH is fully functional when the 33998 is operating at higher battery voltages, but these parameters are not tested. The test condition as are:a) V DDH must be between 4.9V and 5.1V (200mA to 1.4A) for V PWR = 14V to 18V. b) V DDH must be between 4.8V and 5.5V (200mA to 1.4A) for V PWR = 18V to 26.5V. 10.Part can survive, but no parameters are guaranteed.11.Guaranteed by design but not production tested.F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA339987STATIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)Characteristics noted under conditions 9.0V ≤ V PWR ≤ 16V, -40°C ≤ T J = T A ≤ 125°C, using the typical application circuit (see Figure 8) unless otherwise noted. Typical values noted reflect the approximate parameter mean at T A = 25°C under nominal conditions unless otherwise noted.CharacteristicSymbolMinTypMaxUnitLINEAR REGULATOR V DDLV DDL Output VoltageV PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, I VDDL = 200mA V DDL2.52.62.7VV DDL Line RegulationV DDH = 4.8V to 5.2V, I VDDL = 400mARegLn VDDL-30–30mV V DDL Load RegulationV PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, I VDDL = 10mA to 400mA RegLd VDDL-70–70mVDRVL Output CurrentV PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, VDRVL = 1.0V I DRVL5.01125mAV DDL Active Discharge ResistanceV PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, EN = 0 V, I FBL = 10mA R LDisch1.0–10ΩV DDH to V DDL Active Clamp ResistanceV PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, EN = 0V, I VDDH = 50mA, V FBKB = 0V R CLAMP0.6–10ΩV DDL Output Capacitor Capacitance (Note 12)C VDDL –68–µF V DDL Output Capacitor ESR (Note 12)ESR VDDL–0.125–ΩKEEP-ALIVE (STANDBY) REGULATOR V KAMV KAM Output VoltageI VKAM = 5.0mA, VPWR = KA_V PWR = 18V, EN = 5.0V V KAM2.5–2.7VV KAM Output Voltage, EN = 0 V (Standby Mode)V PWR = KA_V PWR = 26V, I VKAM = 0.5mA V PWR = KA_V PWR = 18V, I VKAM = 5.0mA V PWR = KA_V PWR = 5.0V, I VKAM = 10.0mA V PWR = 0 V, KA_V PWR = 3.5V, I VKAM = 5.0mA V KAM2.52.52.52.0––––2.72.72.72.7V V KAM Line Regulation, EN = 0 V (Standby Mode)V PWR = KA_V PWR = 5.0V to 18V, I VKAM = 2.0mA RegLn VKAM-20–20mVV KAM Load Regulation, EN = 0V (Standby Mode)V PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, I VKAM = 1.0mA to 10mA RegLd VKAM–100mVDifferential Voltage V KAM - V DDLEN = 5.0V, I VKAM = 5.0mA, V PWR = KA_V PWR = 14 V, I VDDL = 200mA Reg VKAM-20–60mVV KAM Output Capacitor Capacitance (Note 12)C VKAM – 4.7–µF V KAM Output Capacitor ESR (Note 12)ESR VKAM –1.4–ΩNotes12.Recommended value.F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .33998MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA8CharacteristicSymbolMinTypMaxUnitSENSOR SUPPLIES V REF1, V REF2V REF On-Resistance, T A = -40°CI VREF = 200mA, I VDDH = 200mA, V PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, EN = 5.0V R DS(on)––280m ΩV REF On-Resistance, T A = +25°CI VREF = 200mA, I VDDH = 200mA, V PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, EN = 5.0V R DS(on)––350m ΩV REF On-Resistance, T A = +125°CI VREF = 200mA, I VDDH = 200mA, V PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, EN = 5.0V R DS(on)––455m ΩV REF Short-to-Battery Detect CurrentV PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, EN = 5.0V, SNSEN = 5.0V I SC_Bat500–900mAV REF Short-to-Ground Detect CurrentV PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, EN = 5.0V, SNSEN = 5.0V I SC_Gnd500–900mAMaximum Output Capacitance (Total) (Note 13)C VREF33–39nFSUPERVISORY CIRCUITSPWROK Undervoltage Threshold on V DDL , FBL Ramps Down V PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, I VDDH = 200mA V FBL(thL)2.12.42.5VPWROK Undervoltage Threshold on V DDH V PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, I VDDH = 200mA V DDH(thL)4.5–4.8V V DDH Overvoltage ThresholdV PWR = KA_V PWR = 10V, I VDDH = 200mA V DDH(thH)5.12–5.7VPWROK Open Drain On-ResistanceV PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, EN = 5 V, I PwrOK = 5.0mA R DS(on)––200ΩVKAMOK Threshold,V PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, I VDDH = 200mA V KAM(thL)2.12.42.5VVKAMOK Threshold on V PWR , V PWR Ramps Up KA_V PWR = 14V, I VDDH = 200mA V PWRok(th)4.0–5.0VVKAMOK Open Drain On-ResistanceV PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, EN = 0V, I VKAMOK = 10mA R DS(on)50–200ΩEnable Input Voltage Threshold (Pin EN)V IH 1.0– 2.0V Enable Pull-Down Current (Pin EN), EN = 1.0V V DDH to V IL(min)I PD 500–1200nA Sensor Enable Input Voltage Threshold (Pin SNSEN)V IH 1.0–2.0V Sensor Enable Pull-Down Current (Pin SNSEN)SNSEN = 1.0V V DDH to V IL(min)I PD500–1200nANotes13.Recommended value.STATIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)Characteristics noted under conditions 9.0V ≤ V PWR ≤ 16V, -40°C ≤ T J = T A ≤ 125°C, using the typical application circuit (see Figure 8) unless otherwise noted. Typical values noted reflect the approximate parameter mean at T A = 25°C under nominal conditions unless otherwise noted.F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA339989CharacteristicSymbolMinTypMaxUnitCHARGE PUMP C RESCharge Pump VoltageV PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, I VDDH = 200mA, I CP = 0µA V PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, I VDDH = 200mA, I CP = 10µAV CRES1212––1515VSTATIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)Characteristics noted under conditions 9.0V ≤ V PWR ≤ 16V, -40°C ≤ T J = T A ≤ 125°C, using the typical application circuit (see Figure 8) unless otherwise noted. Typical values noted reflect the approximate parameter mean at T A = 25°C under nominal conditions unless otherwise noted.F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .33998MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA10DYNAMIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSCharacteristics noted under conditions 9.0V ≤ V PWR ≤ 16V, -40°C ≤ T J = T A ≤ 125°C using the typical application circuit (see Figure 8) unless otherwise noted. Typical values noted reflect the approximate parameter mean at T A = 25°C under nominal conditions unless otherwise noted.CharacteristicSymbolMinTypMaxUnitBUCK REGULATOR V DDHSwitching Frequency (Note 14)f SW –750–kHz Soft Start Duration (see Figure 2)V PWR = KA_V PWR = 6.0Vt SS5.0–15msCHARGE PUMP C RESCharge Pump Current Ramp-Up TimeV PWR = KA_V PWR = 14V, C RES = 22nF, V CP = 1.0V to 11V t CRES1.0–20msCharge Pump Ramp-Up TimeV PWR = KA_V PWR = 7.0V, C RES = 22nF, V CP = 7.0V to 10Vt CRES1.0–10msSENSOR SUPPLIES V REF1, V REF2V REF Overcurrent Detection Time (see Figure 3)V REF Load R L = 5.0Ω to GND, V DDH = 5.1V, V PWR = KA_V PWR = 10V, EN = 5.0V, SNSEN = 5.0V t Det0.5–2.0µsV REF Retry Timer Delay (see Figure 3)V REF Load R L = 5.0Ω to GND, V DDH = 5.1V, V PWR = KA_V PWR = 10V, EN = 5.0V, SNSEN = 5.0Vt Ret5.0–20ms SUPERVISORY CIRCUITSPWROK Delay Time (Power-On Reset) (see Figure 4)t D(PWROK) 5.0–15ms VKAMOK Delay Time (see Figure 5)t D(VKAMOK)10–30ms V DDH Power-Up Delay Time (see Figure 6)t D(VPWR) 1.0–10ms Fault-Off Timer Delay Time (see Figure 7)t Fault1.0–10msNotes14.Guaranteed by design but not production tested.F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA3399811Timing DiagramsFigure 2.Soft-Start TimeFigure 3.V REF Retry TimerFigure 4.PWROK Delay Timer (Power-On Reset)F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .33998MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA12Timing Diagrams (continued)Figure 5.VKAMOK Delay TimeFigure 6.V DDH Power-Up Delay TimeF r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA3399813SYSTEM/APPLICATION INFORMATIONINTRODUCTIONThe 33998 multi-output power supply integrated circuit is capable of operating from 6.0V up to 26.5V with 40V transient capability. It incorporates a step-down switching controller regulating directly to 5.0V. The 2.6V linear regulator uses an external pass transistor, thus reducing the power dissipation ofthe integrated circuit. The 33998 also provides a 2.6V linear standby regulator and two 5.0V sensor supply outputs protected by internal low-resistance LDMOS transistors against short-to-battery and short-to-ground.FUNCTIONAL PIN DESCRIPTIONSwitching Regulator V DDHThe switching regulator is a high-frequency (750kHz), conventional buck converter with integrated high-side p-channel power MOSFET. Its output voltage is regulated to provide 5.0V with ±2% accuracy and it is intended to directly power the digital and analog circuits of the Electronic Control Module (ECM). The switching regulator output is rated for 1400mA total output current. This current can be used by the linear regulator V DDL and sensor supplies V REF1 and V REF2. The 33998 switching controller utilizes "Sensorless Current Mode Control" to achieve good line rejection and stabilize the feedback loop. A soft-start feature is incorporated into the 33998. When the device is enabled, the switching regulator output voltage V DDH ramps up to about half of full scale and then takes 16steps up to the nominal regulation voltage level (5.0V nominal).2.6V Linear Regulator V DDLThe 2.6V linear post-regulator is powered from the 5.0V switching regulator output (V DDH ). A discrete pass transistor is used to the power path for the V DDL regulator. Thisarrangement minimizes the power dissipation off the controller IC. The FBL pin is the feedback input of the regulator control loop and the DRVL pin the external NPN pass transistor base drive. Power up, power down, and fault management are coordinated with the 5.0V switching regulator.Sensor Supplies V REF1 and V REF2The sensor supplies are implemented using a protected switch to the main 5.0V (switching regulator) output. The 33998 integrated circuit provides two low-resistance LDMOS power MOSFETs connected to the switching regulator output (V DDH ). These switches have short-to-battery and short-to-ground protection integrated into the IC. When a severe fault conditions is detected, the affected sensor output is turned off and the sensor Retry Timer starts to time out. After the Retry Timer expires, the sensor supply tries to power up again. Sensor supplies V REF can be disabled by pulling the Sensor Enable SNSEN pin low (see Figure 7 for the V REF Retry Timer operation).Notes: Severe fault conditions on the V REF1 and V REF2 outputs, like hard shorts to either ground or battery, may disrupt the operation of the main regulator V DDH . Shorts to batteryabove 17V are considered “double faults” and neither one of the V REF outputs is protected against such conditions. Depending on the V DDH capacitor value and its ESR value, the severity of the short may disrupt the V DDH operation.Keep-Alive (Standby) Regulator V KAMThe Keep-Alive Regulator V KAM (keep-alive memory) is intended to provide power for “key off” functions such as nonvolatile SRAM, “KeyOff" timers and controls, KeySwitch monitor circuits, and perhaps a CAN/SCP monitor and wake-up function. It may also power other low-current circuitsrequired during a “KeyOff” condition. The regulated voltage is nominally 2.6V. A severe fault condition on the V KAM output is signaled by pulling the VKAMOK signal low.V KAM Keep-Alive Operation (Standby, Power-Down Mode)When the EN pin is pulled low, the power supply is forced into a low-current standby mode. In order to reduce current drawn by the V PWR and KA_V PWR pins, all power supply functions are disabled except for the V KAM and Enable (EN) pins. The latter pin is monitored for the "wake-up" signal. The switching transistor gate is actively disabled and the V DDL and V DDH pins are actively pulled low.Power-Up Delay TimersTwo Power-Up Delay timers are integrated into the control section of the integrated circuit. One timer monitors the input voltage at the V PWR input pin (see Figure 3), and the other monitors the input voltage at the KA_V PWR input pin . In both cases, sufficient supply voltage must be present long enough for the timers to “time out” before the switching regulator can be enabled.Fault-Off TimerIf the V DDL output voltage does not reach its valid range at the end of soft-start period, or if the V DDH or V DDL output voltage gets below its PWROK threshold level, the Fault-Off Timer shuts the switching regulator off until the timer “times out” and the switching regulator retries to power up again (see Figure 7 for Fault-Off Timer operation details).F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .33998MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA14Power-On Reset TimerThis timer starts to time out at the end of the soft-start period if the V DDH and V DDL outputs are in the valid regulation range. If the timer “times out”, then the open-drain PWROK signal is released, indicating that “power is ON”.Supervisory Circuits PWROK and VKAMOKThe 33998 has two voltage monitoring open-drain outputs, the PWROK and the VKAMOK pins. PWROK is "active high". This output is pulled low when either of the regulator outputs(V DDH or V DDL ) are below their regulation windows. If both regulator outputs are above their respective lower thresholds, and the Power-On Reset Timer has expired, the output driver is turned off and this pin is at high-impedance state (see Figure 6).The VKAMOK signal indicates a severe fault condition on the keep-alive regulator output V KAM . The V KAM output voltage is compared to the internal bandgap reference voltage. When the V KAM falls below the bandgap reference voltage level, the VKAMOK signal is pulled low.F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA3399815APPLICATIONSFigure 8.33998 Application Circuit Schematic DiagramTable 1.Recommended ComponentsDesignatorValue /Rating Description /Part No.Manufacturer (Note 16)Cf110µF/50V Aluminum Electrolytic/UUB1H100MNR Nichicon Cf2, C2 1.0µF/50V Ceramic X7R/C1812C105K5RACTR Kemet C1100µF/50V Aluminum Electrolytic/UUH1V101MNRNichicon C3 (Note 15)68µF/10V Tantalum/T494D686M010AS Kemet C668µF/10V Tantalum/T494D686M010AS Kemet C7 4.7µF/10V Tantalum/T494A475M010ASKemet C4, C5100nF/16V Ceramic X7R Any Manufacturer C8 (Optional)390pF/50V Ceramic X7R Any Manufacturer C922nF/25VCeramic X7RAny ManufacturerNotes15.It is possible to use ceramic capacitors in the switcher output, e.g. C3 = 2 x 22 µF/6.3V X7R ceramic. In this case the compensation resistorhas to be changed to Rc1 = 200 Ω to stabilize the switching regulator operation.16.Motorola does not assume liability, endorse, or warrant components from external manufacturers that are referenced in circuit drawings ortables. While Motorola offers component recommendations in this configuration, it is the customer’s responsibility to validate their application.Note The V DDH total output current is 1.4A. This includes the current used by the linear regulator V DDL and buffered outputs V REF1 and V REF2.F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .33998MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA16Cs1, Cs233nF/25V Ceramic X7R Any Manufacturer Cc1 2.2nF/16V Ceramic X7R Any Manufacturer R1, R210k Ω Resistor 0805, 5%Any Manufacturer R3 (Optional)2.2Ω Resistor 0805, 5%Any Manufacturer Rc13.6k Ω Resistor 0805, 5%Any ManufacturerLf110µHCDRH127-100M or SLF10145-100M2R5Sumida TDK L115µH CDRH127-150MC or SLF10145-150M2R2Sumida TDKQ1 1.0A/20V Bipolar Transistor/BCP68T1ON Semiconductor D1 2.0A/50V Schottky Diode/SS25 General Semiconductor Dp1 3.0A/200VDiode/MURS320ON Semiconductor Dp227VTransient Voltage Suppressor/SM5A27General SemiconductorNotes17.Motorola does not assume liability, endorse, or warrant components from external manufacturers that are referenced in circuit drawings ortables. While Motorola offers component recommendations in this configuration, it is the customer’s responsibility to validate their application.Designator Value /Rating Description /Part No.Manufacturer (Note 16)(Note 17)F r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .MOTOROLA ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DEVICE DATA3399817PACKAGE DIMENSIONSNOTES:1.DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSIY14.5M, 1982.2.CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.3.DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLDPROTRUSION.4.MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006) PERSIDE.5.DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBARPROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBARPROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.13 (0.005) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION.-A--B-P12XD 24X1213241M0.010 (0.25)BMSAM0.010 (0.25)BST -T -G22XSEATINGPLANEKCRX 45°MFJDIM MIN MAX MIN MAX INCHESMILLIMETERS A 15.2515.540.6010.612B 7.407.600.2920.299C 2.35 2.650.0930.104D 0.350.490.0140.019F 0.410.900.0160.035G 1.27 BSC 0.050 BSC J 0.230.320.0090.013K 0.130.290.0050.011M 0 8 0 8 P 10.0510.550.3950.415R0.250.750.0100.029°°°°DW SUFFIX24-LEAD SOIC WIDE BODYPLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751E-04ISSUE EF r e e s c a l e S e m i c o n d u c t o r , IFor More Information On This Product,Go to: n c .。

Order this document by MC33219A/DDevice OperatingTemperature Range Package MC33219ASEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATAVOICE SWITCHED SPEAKERPHONE CIRCUITPIN CONNECTIONSORDERING INFORMATIONMC33219ADW MC33219APT A = –40° to +85°CSOIC Plastic DIPCP2124(Top View)V CC 234567891011122322212019181716151413XDI CPTTLI TLO V B C T CD NCCPR RLIRLOTAO TAI MCO MCI VLC MUTE RXI RXO RAI RAOGNDVoice Switched SpeakerphoneThe Motorola MC33219A Voice Switched Speakerphone Circuit incorporates the necessary amplifiers, attenuators, level detectors, and control algorithm to form the heart of a high quality hands–free speakerphone system. Included are a microphone amplifier with mute,transmit and receive attenuators, a background monitoring system for both the transmit and receive paths, and level detectors for each path. An AGC system reduces the receive gain on long lines where loop current and power are in short supply. A dial tone detector prevents fading of dial tone. A Chip Disable pin permits conserving power when the circuit is not in use. The volume control can be implemented with a potentiometer.The MC33219A can be operated from a power supply, or from the telephone line, requiring typically 3.2 mA. It can be used in conjunction with a variety of speech networks. Applications include not only speakerphones,but intercoms and other voice switched devices.The MC33219A is available in a 24 pin narrow body DIP , and a wide body SOIC package.•Supply Voltage Range: 2.7 to 6.5 V•Attenuator Range: 53 dB•Background Noise Monitor for Each Path •2 Point Signal Sensing•Volume Control Range: Typically 40 dB•Microphone and Receive Amplifiers Pinned Out for Flexibility •Microphone Amplifier can be Muted•Mute and Chip Disable are Logic Level Inputs •Chip Deselect Pin Powers Down the Entire IC •Ambient Operating T emperature: –40 to +85°C •24 Pin Narrow Body (300 mil) DIP and 24 Pin SOIC元器件交易网APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Switching and Response Time TheoryThe switching time of the MC33219A circuit is dominatedfirst by the components at C T (Pin 7, see Figure 2), andsecond by the capacitors at the level detector outputs (RLO,TLO).The transition time to receive or to transmit mode fromeither idle or the other mode is determined by the capacitorat CT, along with the internal current sources (refer toFigure 25). The switching time is:D T+D V C TIWhen switching from idle to receive, ∆V = 150 mV, I =90 µA, the C T capacitor is 15 µF, and ∆T calculates to ≈ 25 ms. When switching from idle to transmit, ∆V = 100 mV, I =50 µA, the C T capacitor is 15 µF, and ∆T calculates to ≈ 30 ms.When the circuit switches to idle, the internal current sources are shut off, and the time constant is determined by the C T capacitor and RT, the external resistor (see Figure 25). With C T = 15 µF, and RT = 15 kΩ, the time constant is ≈225 ms, giving a total switching time of ≈0.68 s (for 95% change). The switching period to idle begins when both speakers have stopped talking. The switching time back to the original mode will depend on how soon that speaker begins speaking again. The sooner the speaking starts during the “decay to idle” period, the quicker the switching time, since a smaller voltage excursion is required. That switching time is determined by the internal current sources as described above.When the circuit switches directly from receive to transmit (or vice versa), the total switching time depends not only on the components and currents at the C T pin, but also on the response of the level detectors, the relative amplitude of the two speech signals, and the mode of the circuit, since the two level detectors are connected differently to the two attenuators.The rise time of the level detector’s outputs (RLO, TLO) is not significant since it is so short. The decay time, however, provides a significant part of the “hold time” necessary to hold the circuit (in transmit or receive) during the normal pauses in speech. The capacitors at the two outputs must be equal value (±10%) to prevent problems in timing and level response.The components at the inputs of the level detectors (RLI, TLI) do not affect the switching time, but rather affect the relative signal levels required to switch the circuit, as well as the frequency response of the detectors. They must be adjusted for proper switching response as described later in this section.Switching and Response Time Measurements Using burst of 1.0 kHz sine waves to force the circuit to switch among its modes, the timing results were measured and are indicated in Figures 17–21.a) In Figure 17, when a signal is applied to the transmit attenuator only (normally via the microphone and the microphone amplifier), the transmit background noise monitor immediately indicates the “presence of speech” as evidenced by the fact that CPT begins rising. The slope of the rising CPT signal is determined by the external resistor and capacitor on that pin. Even though the transmit attenuator is initially in the idle mode (–16 dB), there is sufficient signal at its output to cause TLO to increase. The attenuator control circuit then forces the circuit to the transmit mode, evidenced by the change at the C T pin. The attenuator output signal is then 6.7 dB above the input.With the steady sine wave applied to the transmit input, the circuit will stay in the transmit mode until the CPT pin gets to within 36 mV of its final value. At that point, the internal comparator (see Figure 27) switches, indicating to the attenuator control circuit that the signal is not speech, but rather it is a steady background noise. The circuit now begins to decay to idle, as evidenced by the change at C T and TLO, and the change in amplitude at TAO.When the input signal at TAI is removed (or reduced), the CPT pin drops quickly, allowing the circuit to quickly respond to any new speech which may appear afterwards. The voltage at C T decays according to the time constant of its external components, if not already at idle.The voltage change at CP2, CPT, and TAO depends on the input signal’s amplitude and the components at XDI and TLI. The change at C T is internally fixed at the level shown. The timing numbers shown depend both on the signal amplitudes and the components at the C T and CPT pins.b) Figure 18 indicates what happens when the same signal is applied to the receive side only. RLO and CPR react similarly to TLO and CPT. However, the circuit does not switch to idle when CPR finishes transitioning since the dial tone detector disables the background noise monitor, allowing the circuit to stay in the receive mode as long as there is a signal present. If the input signal amplitude had been less than the dial tone detector’s threshold, the circuit response would have been similar to that shown in Figure 17. The voltage change at C T depends on the setting of the volume control (Pin 19). The 150 mV represent maximum volume setting.c) Figure 19 indicates the circuit response when transmit and receive signals are alternately applied, with relatively short cycle times (300 ms each) so that neither attenuator will begin to go to idle during its “on” time. Figure 20 indicates the circuit response with longer cycle times (1.0 s each), where the transmit side is allowed to go to idle. Figure 21 is the same as Figure 20, except the capacitor at C T has been reduced from 15 µF to 6.8 µF, providing a quicker switching time. The reactions at the various pins are shown. The response times at TAO and RAO are different, and typically slightly longer than what is shown in Figures 17 and 18 due to:– the larger transition required at the C T pin,– the greater difference in the levels at RLO and TLO due to the positions of the attenuators as well as their decay time, and– response time of the background noise monitors.The timing responses shown in these three figures are representative for those input signal amplitudes and burst durations. Actual response time will vary for different signal conditions.NOTE: While it may seem desirable to decrease the switching time between modes by reducing the capacitor atC T, this should be done with caution for two reasons:1) If the switching time is too short, the circuit response may appear to be “too quick” to the user, who may consider its operation erratic. The recommended values in this data sheet, along with the accompanying timings, provide what1) Design the hybrid, ensuring proper interface with the phone line for both DC and AC characteristics. The return loss must be adjusted to comply with the appropriate regulatory agency. The sidetone should then be adjusted according to the intent of the product. If the product is a speakerphone only (without a handset), the sidetone gain (GST) should be adjusted for maximum loss. If a handset is part of the end product, the sidetone must be adjusted for the minimum acceptable sidetone levels in the handset. Generally, for the speakerphone interface, 10–20 dB sidetone loss is preferred for GST.2) Check the acoustic coupling of the enclosure (GAC in Figure 31). With a steady sound coming out of the speaker, measure the rms voltage on the speaker terminals and the rms voltage out of the microphone. Experience has shown that the loss should be at least 40 dB, preferably 50 dB. This should be checked over the frequency range of 20 Hz to 10 kHz.3) Adjust the transmit path for proper signal levels, based on the lowest speech levels as well as the loudest. Based on the typical levels from commonly available microphones, a gain of about 35–45 dB is required from the microphone terminals to Tip and Ring. Most of that gain should be in the microphone amplifier to make best use of the transmit attenuator, but the maximum input level at TAI must not be exceeded. If a signal generator is used instead of a microphone for testing, the circuit can be locked into the transmit mode by grounding CPT (Pin 3). Frequency response can generally be tailored with capacitors at the microphone amplifier.4) Adjust the receive path for proper signal levels based on the lowest speech levels as well as the loudest. A gain of about 30 dB is required from Tip and Ring to the speaker terminals for most applications (at maximum volume). Most of that gain should be in the receive amplifier (at RXI, RXO) to make best use of the receive attenuator, but the maximum input level at RAI must not be exceeded. If a signal generator is used for signal injection during testing, the circuit can be locked into the receive mode by grounding CPR (Pin 10), although this is usually not necessary since the dial tone detector will keep the circuit in the receive mode. Frequency response can generally be tailored with capacitors at the receive amplifier.5) Check that the loop gain (i.e., the receive path gain + acoustic coupling gain + transmit path gain + sidetone gain) is less than 0 dB over all frequencies. If not, “singing” will occur: a steady oscillation at some audible frequency.6) a) The final step is to adjust the resistors at the level detector inputs (RLI and TLI) for proper switching response (the switchpoint occurs when I1 = I2). This has to be the last step, as the resistor values depend on all of the above adjustments, which are based on the mechanical, as well as the electrical, characteristics of the system. NOTE: An extreme case of level detector misadjustment can result in “motorboating”. In this condition, with a receive signal applied, sound from the speaker enters the microphone, and causes the circuit to switch to the transmit mode. This causes the speaker sound to stop (as well as the sound into the microphone), allowing the circuit to switch back to the receive mode. This sequence is then repeated, usually, at a rate of a few Hz. The first thing to check is the acoustic coupling, and then the level detectors.b) Starting with the recommended values for R1 and R2 (in Figure 2), hold a normal conversation with someone on another phone. If the resistor values are not optimum, one of the talkers will dominate, and the other will have difficulty getting through. If, for example, the person at the speakerphone is dominant, the transmit path is overly sensitive, and the receive path is not sensitive enough. In this case, R1 (at TLI) should be increased, or R2 (at RLI) decreased, or both. Their exact value is not critical at this point, only their relative value. Keeping R1 and R2 in the range of 2.0–20 k, adjust them until a suitable switching response is found.c) Then have the person at the other end of the phone line speak loud continuously, or connect to a recording which is somewhat strong. Monitor the state of the circuit (by measuring the C T versus V B pins, and by listening carefully to the speaker) to check that the sound out of the speaker is not attempting to switch the circuit to the transmit side (through acoustic coupling). If it is, increase R1 (at TLI) in small steps just enough to stop the switching (this desensitizes the transmit side). If R1 has been changed a large amount, it may be necessary to readjust R2 for switching response. If this cannot be achieved in a reasonable manner, the acoustic coupling is too strong.d) Next, have the person at the speakerphone speak somewhat loudly, and again monitor the state of the circuit, primarily by having the person at the other end listen carefully for fading. If there is obvious fading of the sound, increase R2 so as to desensitize the receive side. Increase R2 just enough to stop the fading. If this cannot be achieved in a reasonable manner, the sidetone coupling is too strong.e) If necessary, readjust R1 and R2 a small amount relative to each other, to further optimize the switching response.Transmit/Receive Detection PriorityAlthough the MC33219A was designed to have an idle mode such that the transmit side has a small priority (the idle mode position is closer to the full transmit side), the idle mode position can be moved with respect to the transmit or the receive side. With this done, the ability to gain control of the circuit by each talker will be changed.By connecting a resistor from C T (Pin 7) to ground, the circuit will be biased more towards the transmit side. The resistor value is calculated from:R+R TƪV B D V*1ƫwhere R is the added resistor, R T is the resistor normally between Pins 6 and 7 (typically 15 kΩ), and ∆V is the desired change in the C T voltage at idle.By connecting a resistor from C T (Pin 7) to V CC, the circuit will be biased towards the receive side. The resistor value is calculated from:R+R TƪV CC–V B D V*1ƫR, R T, and ∆V are the same as above. Switching response and the switching time will be somewhat affected in each case due to the different voltage excursions required to get to transmit and receive from idle. For practical considerations, the ∆V shift should not exceed 50 mV.Disabling the Idle ModeFor testing or circuit analysis purposes, the transmit or receive attenuators can be set to the ON position, even with steady signals applied, by disabling the background noise monitors. Grounding the CPR pin will disable the receive background noise monitor, thereby indicating the “presenceshort, and the resistor and capacitor for each of these pins should be physically close to the pins. All other input pins should also be considered sensitive to RFI signals.In The Final Analysis ...Proper operation of a speakerphone is a combination of proper mechanical (acoustic) design in addition to proper electronic design.The acoustics of the enclosure must be considered early in the design of a speakerphone. In general, electronics cannot compensate for poor acoustics, low speaker quality, low microphone quality, or any combination of these items. Proper acoustic separation of the speaker and microphone is essential. The physical location of the microphone, along with the characteristics of the selected microphone, will play a large role in the quality of the transmitted sound. The microphone and speaker vendors can usually provide additional information on the use of their products.In the final analysis, the circuit will have to be fine–tuned to match the acoustics of the enclosure, the specific hybrid, and the specific speaker and microphone selected. The components shown in this data sheet should be considered as starting points only. The gains of the transmit and receive paths are easily adjusted at the microphone and receive amplifiers, respectively. The switching response can then be fine tuned by varying (in small steps) the components at the level detector inputs (TLI, RLI) until satisfactory operation is obtained for both long and short lines.For additional information on speakerphone design please refer to The Bell System Technical Journal, Volume XXXIX (March 1960, No. 2).GLOSSARYAttenuation – A decrease in magnitude of a communication signal, usually expressed in dB.Bandwidth – The range of information carrying frequencies of a communication system.Battery – The voltage which provides the loop current to the telephone from the CO. The name is derived from the fact that COs have always used batteries, in conjunction with AC power, to provide this voltage.C–Message Filter – A frequency weighting which evaluates the effects of noise on a typical subscriber’s system.Central Office – Abbreviated CO, it is a main telephone office, usually within of a few miles of its subscribers, that houses switching gear for interconnection within its exchange area, and to the rest of the telephone system. A CO can handle up to 10,000 subscriber numbers.CO – See Central Office.CODEC – Coder/Decoder – In the Central Office, it converts the transmit signal to digital, and converts the digital receive signal to analog.dB – A power or voltage measurement unit, referred to another power or voltage. It is generally computed as:10 x log (P1/P2)for power measurements, and20 x log(V1/V2)for voltage measurements.dBm – An indication of signal power. 1.0 mW across 600Ω, or 0.775 Vrms, is defined as 0 dBm. Any other voltage level is converted to dBm by:dBm = 20 x log (Vrms/0.775), ordBm = [20 x log (Vrms)] + 2.22.dBmp – Indicates dBm measurement using a psophometric weighting filter.dBrn – Indicates a dBm measurement relative to 1.0 pW power level into 600 Ω. Generally used for noise measurements, 0 dBrn = –90 dBm.dBrnC – Indicates a dBrn measurement using a C–message weighting filter.DTMF – Dual Tone MultiFrequency. It is the “tone dialing”system based on outputting two non–harmonic related frequencies simultaneously to identify the number dialed. Eight frequencies have been assigned to the four rows and four columns of a keypad.Four Wire Circuit – The portion of a telephone, or central office, which operates on two pairs of wires. One pair is for the Transmit path, and one pair is for the Receive path.Full Duplex – A transmission system which permits communication in both directions simultaneously. The standard handset telephone system is full duplex.Gain – The change in signal amplitude (increase or decrease) after passing through an amplifier or other circuit stage. Usually expressed in dB, an increase is a positive number and a decrease is a negative number.Half Duplex – A transmission system which permits communication in one direction at a time. CB radios, with “push–to–talk” switches, and voice activated speakerphones are half duplex.Hookswitch – A switch within the telephone which connects the telephone circuit to the subscriber loop. The name is derived from old telephones where the switch was activated by lifting the receiver off and onto a hook on the side of the phone.Hybrid – A two–to–four wire converter.Idle Channel Noise – Residual background noise when transmit and receive signals are absent.Line Card – The printed circuit board and circuitry in the CO or PBX which connects to the subscriber’s phone line. A line card may hold circuitry for one subscriber or a number of subscribers.Longitudinal Balance – The ability of the telephone circuit to reject longitudinal signals on Tip and Ring.Longitudinal Signals – Common mode signals.Loop – The loop formed by the two subscriber wires (Tip and Ring) connected to the telephone at one end, and the central office (or PBX) at the other end. Generally it is a floating system, not referred to ground, or AC power.Loop Current – The DC current which flows through the subscriber loop. It is typically provided by the central office or PBX, and ranges from 20–120 mA.Mute – Reducing the level of an audio signal, generally so that it is inaudible. Partial muting is used in some applications.OFF Hook – The condition when the telephone is connected to the phone system, permitting the loop current to flow. The central office detects the DC current as an indication that the phone is busy.ON Hook – The condition when the telephone is disconnected from the phone system, and no DC loop current flows. The central office regards an ON hook phone as available for ringing.PABX – Private Automatic Branch Exchange. In effect, a miniature central office; it is a customer owned switching system servicing the phones within a facility, such as an office building. A portion of the PABX connects to the Bell (or other local) telephone system.Power Supply Rejection Ratio – The ability of a circuit to reject outputting noise or ripple, which is present on the power supply lines. PSRR is usually expressed in dB.Protection, Primary – Usually consisting of carbon blocks or gas discharge tubes, it absorbs the bulk of a lightning induced transient on the phone line by clamping the voltages to less than ±1500 V.Protection, Secondary – Usually located within the telephone, it protects the phone circuit from transient surges. Typically, it must be capable of clamping a ±1.5 kV surge of 1.0 ms duration.Pulse Dialing – A dialing system whereby the loop current is interrupted a number of times in quick succession. The number of interruptions corresponds to the number dialed, and the interruption rate is typically 10 per second. The old rotary phones and many new pushbutton phones use pulse dialing.Receive Path – Within the telephone, it is the speech path from the phone line (Tip and Ring) towards the receiver or speaker.REN – Ringer Equivalence Number. An indication of the impedance (or loading factor) of a telephone bell or ringer circuit. An REN of 1.0 equals ≈8.0 kΩ. The Bell system typically permits a maximum of 5.0 REN (1.6 kΩ) on an individual subscriber line. A minimum REN of 0.2 (40 kΩ) is required by the Bell system.Return Loss – Expressed in dB, it is a measure of how well the telephone’s AC impedance matches the line’s AC characteristic impedance. With a perfect match, there is no reflected signal, and therefore infinite return loss. It is calculated from:RL+20log (Z LINE)Z CKT) (Z LINE*Z CKT)Ring – One of the two wires connecting the central office to a telephone. The name is derived from the ring portion of the plugs used by operators (in older equipment) to make the connection. Ring is traditionally negative with respect to Tip.Sidetone Rejection – The rejection (in dB) of the reflected signal in the receive path resulting from a transmit signal applied to the phone and phone line.SLIC – Subscriber Line Interface Circuit. It is the circuitry within the CO or PBX which connects to the user’s phone line.Subscriber – The customer at the telephone end of the line.Subscriber Line – The system consisting of the user’s telephone, the interconnecting wires, and the central office equipment dedicated to that subscriber (also referred to as a loop).Tip – One of the two wires connecting the central office to a telephone. The name is derived from the tip of the plugs used by operators (in older equipment) to make the connection. Tip is traditionally positive with respect to Ring.Transmit Path – Within the telephone it is the speech path from the microphone towards the phone line (Tip and Ring).Two Wire Circuit – Refers to the two wires connecting the central office to the subscriber’s telephone. Commonly referred to as Tip and Ring, the two wires carry both transmit and receive signals in a differential manner.Two–to–Four Wire Converter – A circuit which has four wires (on one side): two (signal and ground) for the outgoing signal and two for the incoming signal. The outgoing signal is sent out differentially on the two wire side, and incoming differential signals received on the two wire side are directed to the receive path of the four wire side. Additional circuit within cancels the reflected outgoing signal to keep it separate from the incoming signal.Voiceband – That portion of the audio frequency range used for transmission across the telephone system. Typically it is 300–3400 Hz.Suggested VendorsMicrophonesPrimo Microphones Inc.Bensenville, IL 601061–800–76–PRIMOTelecom TransformersMicrotran Co., Inc.Stancor ProductsValley Stream, NY 11528Logansport, IN 46947516–561–6050219–722–2244Various models – ask for catalog Various models – ask for catalogand Application Bulletin F232PREM Magnetics, Inc.McHenry, IL 60050815–385–2700Various models – ask for catalogMotorola does not endorse or warrant the suppliers referenced.。

LM331中文资料_中文手册_芯片中文资料_芯片中文手册电压-频率变换器LM331LM331是美国NS公司生产的性能价格比较高的集成芯片。

LM331可用作精密的频率电压(F/V)转换器、A/D转换器、线性频率调制解调、长时间积分器以及其他相关的器件。

LM331为双列直插式8脚芯片，其引脚如图3所示。

LM331内部有(1)输入比较电路、(2)定时比较电路、(3)R-S触发电路、(4)复零晶体管、(5)输出驱动管、(6)能隙基准电路、(7)精密电流源电路、(8)电流开关、(9)输出保护点路等部分。

输出管采用集电极开路形式，因此可以通过选择逻辑电流和外接电阻，灵活改变输出脉冲的逻辑电平，从而适应TTL、DTL和CMOS等不同的逻辑电路。

此外，LM331可采用单/双电源供电，电压范围为4,40V，输出也高达40V。

引脚1(PIN1)为电流源输出端，在f(PIN3)输出逻辑低电平时，电流源，输出对电容,充电。

,,,引脚2(PIN2)为增益调整，改变,的值可调节电路转换增益的大小。

,引脚3(PIN3)为频率输出端，为逻辑低电平，脉冲宽度由,和,决定。

tt引脚4(PIN4)为电源地。

引脚5(PIN5)为定时比较器正相输入端。

引脚6(PIN6)为输入比较器反相输入端。

引脚7(PIN7)为输入比较器正相输入端。

引脚8(PIN8)为电源正端。

LM331频率电压转换器V/F变换和F/V变换采用集成块LM331，LM331是美国NS公司生产的性能价格比较高的集成芯片，可用作精密频率电压转换器用。

LM331采用了新的温度补偿能隙基准电路，在整个工作温度范围内和低到4.0V电源电压下都有极高的精度。

同时它动态范围宽，可达100dB;线性度好，最大非线性失真小于0.01,，工作频率低到0.1Hz时尚有较好的线性;变换精度高，数字分辨率可达12位;外接电路简单，只需接入几个外部元件就可方便构成V/F或F/V等变换电路，并且容易保证转换精度。