英文疾病介绍——Hypertension(高血压病)

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Hypertension Symptoms
High blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀 伤者) because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没 有外在症状长达数年).
a. Stress（压力） b. Anger（愤怒） c. Frightened（惊吓）
➢ Others（其它因素）
a. Obesity（[əʊˈbi:sɪti:]肥胖症） b. Smoke（吸烟） c. Older Age（老龄） d. Inactivity（缺乏锻炼） e. Race（种族）
Who is at risk?
Hypertension
高血压病
What Is Hypertension?
➢Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的).
② Secondary Hypertension: High blood pressure that is caused by another medical condition(医疗条件) or medication(药物).
➢Primary or Essential Hypertension
Benign Hypertension
Thank you!
Diagnosis
systolic blood pressure≤120 diastolic blood pressure ≤ 80
Both of them
Normal blood pressure 正常血压范围
A warning If your BP are 120/80 or higher
sign
hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage（高血压病脑出血）： Internal capsule(内囊) or Basal
ganglia([ˈbeisəl] [ˈɡæŋɡliə],基底神经 节) instead of blood clots(被血凝块 代替).
Hypertensive retinopathy([retiˈnɔpəθi],视网膜病变)
Pregnancy
慢性肾疾病
Secondary Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism ([haɪpəpærə'θaɪrɔɪdɪzəm])
避孕丸、节食丸、感 冒药、偏头痛药
birth control pills, diet pills,
cold medications, Migraine([ˈmaɪˌgreɪn])
Who is at risk?
➢ Your chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you:
• Are overweight • Eat foods high in salt • Do not get regular exercise • Smoke • Drink alcohol heavily • Under Stress,anger,frightened or
but below 140/90
It is called
Pre-hypertension 高血压前期
Danger systolic blood pressure≥140 Zone diastolic blood pressure ≥90
Lead to
Hypertension
Either of them
(Chronic Hypertension) 良性/缓进性高血压
Malignant Hypertension
(Accelerated Hypertension) 恶性/急进性高血压
肾上腺功能紊乱
Disorders of the adrenal gland
孕妇
Chronic kidney disease
granular surface of the kidney. (肾表面出现清晰可辨的颗粒物)
Arteriolar([ɑ:ˌtiəriˈəulə],小动脉的)
nephrosclerosis([ˌnefrəˌskliəˈrəusis]) （细动脉性肾硬化）：Severe arteriolar nephrosclerosis(严重细动 脉性肾硬化). Nodular([ˈnɔdjulə])(结 节性)
In fact, one in five people with the condition don‘t know they have it. Internally([ɪnˈtɜ:nəlɪ],在体内地), it can quietly damage the heart, lungs, blood vessels, brain, and kidneys if left untreated. It’s a major risk factor for strokes(中风/脑卒中) and heart attacks(心脏 病).
➢ Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including:
• African Americans(more sensitive to salt) • People over age 55 • People with a family history of high blood pressure
• Exercise
• Medications:
Diuretics([ˌdaɪju‘retɪk]) (利尿药) Beta-blockers(β-阻断剂)
ACE Inhibitors([ɪn’hɪbɪtə(r)]) (血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂)
ARBs (肾上腺素能受体结合剂)
Calcium Channel Blockers(钙通道阻滞剂)
高血压
Classification Of Hypertension
➢Hypertension
Essential Hypertension Secondary Hypertension
原发性高血压（高血压病）
继发性高血压
90–95%
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
5–10%
①primary or essential hypertension: high blood pressure with no obvious underlying(潜在的,根本的) medical cause.
（高血压性视网膜病变）
Complications(并发症)
➢ When blood pressure is not well controlled, you are at risk for:
• Bleeding from the aorta([eɪˈɔ:tə], 主动脉出血), the large blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdomen([æbˈdəʊmən]), pelvis([ˈpelvɪs]), and legs(给腹 部、骨盆和腿部供血的大血管)
• Complementary Therapies（[ˈθerəpi]补 充医学疗法）:Yoga（瑜
伽）, tai chi（太极）, and deep breathing（深呼吸） also help.
Prevention
➢ Adults over 18 should have their blood pressure checked regularly. ➢ Lifestyle changes may help control your blood pressure. • Exercise often. • Eat foods low in salt. • Lose weight or keep weight at a healthy level. • Do not smoke. • Limit alcohol.
Medications.
renal artery stenosis
甲状旁腺功能亢进症
([stɪ'nəʊsɪs])
肾动脉狭窄
Causes Of Hypertension
➢ Genes（遗传因素） ➢ Diet（膳食因素） ➢ Social And Mental
Condition（社会心理应 激因素）
• Chronic kidney disease(慢性肾 疾病)
• Heart attack and heart failure(心脏病和心力衰竭)
• Poor blood supply to the legs(下肢供血不足)
• Stroke(中风/脑卒中)
• Problems with your vision(视觉 障碍)
Treatment
• The DASH Diet --
Dietary Approaches(饮 食疗法) to Stop Hypertension -- involves eating more fruits, vegetables, whole-grain foods(全谷类食物), lowfat dairy(低脂奶), fish, poultry(禽肉), and nuts(坚果). You should eat less red meat(红肉), saturated fats(饱和脂肪), and sweets(甜食).
Pathological Changes(病变)
Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease. 左心室壁明显增厚
Primary granular([ˈgrænjələ],颗粒 状的) atrophy([ˈætrəfi:],萎缩) of the kidney（原发性颗粒性固缩 肾）：with clearly recognizable