直译与意译补充例子(课件有关内容)

pillar industry支柱产业
Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水
（2）含义广为流传，读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等,直译可以丰富译语语言。例如：
1) He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped hiscrocodile tearswith a big handkerchief.
挂羊头，卖狗肉
put back（放回远处，推迟）the clock
开倒车
talk horse
吹牛
kill the goose that lays the golden eggs
杀鸡取卵
drink like a fish
牛饮
Once the wife of a parson（牧师）, always the wife of a parson.
4）In wine there is truth.酒后吐真言。
to show one’s cards
摊牌
Shuttle(穿梭，梭子) diplomacy
穿梭外交
a gentleman’s agreement
君子协定
to strike somebody when he is unprepared
攻其不备
to get into every hole
to take advantage of every weakness
五湖四海
five lakes four seas
all corners of the country
We parted the best friends.
死译：我们告别了最好的朋友。
正译：我们在分别时是极好的朋友。
联想对应Don’t teach a fish how to swim.
Don’t teach your grandmother how to suck eggs.
as timid as a hare（野兔）
at a stone‘s throw
wet like a drown（淹死的）rat
as stupid as a goose
Insecurity, unemployment and the “rat race” of the American life place heavy strains on marriage and the family.
死译：不安全、失业和美国生活的“耗子赛跑”给婚姻和家庭制造紧张局势。
正译：失业和缺乏保障以及美国生活的“激烈竞争”给婚姻和家庭带来了沉重的压力。
as stubborn as a mule（骡子）
seek a hare in a hen‘s nest
as dumb（哑的）as an oyster /‘ɒɪstə/(牡蛎)
胆小如鼠
一箭之遥
湿如落汤鸡
蠢得像猪
犟得像牛
缘木求鱼
守口如瓶
lead a dog‘s life
过着牛马一样的生活
cry up（夸奖，推崇）wine and sell vinegar
节奏感，正义感，羞耻感，幽默感，
A sense of rhythm /'riðəm/ , A sense of justice, A sense of shame, A sense of humor,
无助感，方向感，紧迫感，
A sense of hopelessness, A sense of direction, A sense of urgency
Receive a red envelope with some money inside as a Chinese New Year gift.
穿新衣
Put on your Sunday best
说曹操，曹操就到。
Talk of the devil（恶魔）and he will appear.
老马识途。
他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时用一条大手绢抹去那鳄鱼的眼泪。
2) The Senate Foreign Relations Committee today extended theolive branchto the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in developing foreign policy.
Tom was upsetting the other children, so I showed him the door.
死译：汤姆一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把他带到门那。
正译：汤姆一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把他撵了出去。
He is a man of family.
死译：他是一个有家室的人。
正译：他出身名门。
参议院外交委员会今天向克林顿政府伸出了橄榄枝，要求在发展外交政策上合作。
3) In the court action, Alain sprang histrump[trʌmp](王牌)cardby calling a surprise witness.
在法庭诉讼中，阿兰突然打出了他的王牌——请出一位意想不到的证人。(杀手锏)
cold wave
a black sheep
black coffee
a white lie
a baby kisser
靶心
高频高压电源屏幕罩
寒潮
害群之马
不加牛奶的咖啡
善意的谎言
政客
Queen’s English
the apple of one’s eye
China policy
Chinese dragon
鳄鱼的眼泪（猫哭耗子假慈悲）
笑柄
火上浇油
混水摸鱼（意译：趁火打劫）
支柱产业
连锁反应
君子协定
经济特区
一国两制
绿色食品
超级市场
special economic zone
one country, two systems
green food
supermarket
II.直译≠硬译或死译
bull’s eye
dog
Sense comes with age.
一花独放不是春。
One swallow does not make a summer.
Ⅱ．英译汉时能找到汉语的对等含义，但是语义有所差异，必须按照汉语的语言习惯表达.例如：
Every dog has his day.
人人都有得意的日子。
风水轮着转。三十年河东，三十年河西。
嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗。
Last night I heard him driving his pigs into market.
昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。
情人眼里出西施.Love is blind.
Love makes the beloved lovely in the love’s eye.
收红包
receive glove money.
One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.
一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。
人多互打乱，鸡多不下蛋。
Everyone’s business is nobody’s business.
Ⅲ．根据上下文语境，对有些词汇、句式进行适当调整、转换。例如：
in a bold and resolute way
袖手旁观
to look on with hands in sleeves
to look on(旁观) with folded arms
寄人篱下
to live under one’s fence
to live under one’s roof
无孔不入
2. When should we depend on直译法?
（1）Common civilization core,某些习语和短语的翻译,例如：
cold war冷战
hot line热线
hot girl, spicy girl辣妹
hot-selling books热销书/畅销书
black market黑市
English disease
Greek gift
Spanish athlete
标准英语
掌上明珠
对华政策
麒麟
软骨病
害人的礼品
吹牛的人
向钱看
经济作物
拳头产品
黄色电影
money mad
cash crops
competitive product
pornographic movies
大刀阔斧
a great knife and axe
（1）我同他谈话用粗暴的坦率。（逐词翻译）
（2）我同他谈话时，使用了令人不快的真诚的语言。（直译）
（3）我对他讲的话，虽然逆耳，却是忠言。（意译）
2. His irritation could not withstand the silent beauty of the night.
（1）他的烦恼不能承受夜晚宁静的美丽。（逐词翻译）
例：This girl was all by herself and far from home , without a single relative or friend to help her.
直译：她离家很远，什么都要靠自己，没有亲人和朋友来帮助她。
意译：她一个单身人,无亲无故。
例句: I talked to him with brutal frankness.
Soon got, soon gone.