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国际音标课程第一课时2017-9-2一．认识国际音标及其作用：国际音标相当于汉语拼音的那些读音符号，掌握了国际音标，就等于学会听，读，写的本事。
例：English 英语这个单词是由E-n-g-l-i-s-h 这七个字母组成，这个单词读/’iɧɡliʃ/,双斜杠里的才是‘English’这个词的读音。
7个字母是它的写法，而非读音。
E n g l i sh/ i/ /ɧ/ /ɡ/ /l/ /i/ /ʃ//iɧɡ/ + /liʃ//’iɧɡliʃ/English读读音有5个因素拼读而成，这5个因素由两个音节/iɧɡ/ 和/liʃ/组成，这样就合成一个词的读音，拼读成/’iɧɡliʃ/。
左上方的符号“’”叫做重读音节，说明这个音节要重读，读成/’iɧɡliʃ/，而不是/iɧɡ’liʃ/.学会了国际音标非常有用，它相当于语音的“拐棍”，你就可以“走路”，查字典，拼读新单词，自己就能自学了。
二．国际音标的分类：三．语音常识1.英语是一种拼音文字，需要用音标记录英语字母和单词的发音。
2.为了避免与英语单词混淆，音标放在/ / 或[]内。
3.像“冒号”一样的符号“：”，就是长音符号，即发音时间比没有此符号的音要长些。
4.音素是构成读音的最小单位，英语国际音标中共有48个音素，包括20个元音音素和28个辅音音素。
四．学习前元音：/i:/1 2 3/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /ɡ /我们把三对辅音分别和4个元音进行拼读：/i:/ /pi:/ /bi:/ /ti:/ /di:/ /ki:/ /ɡi:/ /i:t/ /i:d/ /i:g//di:g/ /ki:d/ /ki:b/ /ti:p/ /bi:t/ /di:t/ /pi:t/ /bi:d/ /di:d/ /ki:p/请熟并背出：国际音标发音规则一e,e,e 本身/i:/ double e长音/i:/ ea组合长音/i:/。
01国际音标概述Chapter定义与作用定义作用发展历程1888年，由英国的H~斯维斯特倡议，由法国的P~帕西和英国的D~琼斯等人完成，发表在《语音教师》上（“国际语音协会”前身“语音教师协会”的会刊），这是历史上第一个国际音标表。
后经多次修订，最通用的是1979年修订的方案。
音标符号分类辅音音素元音音素02国际音标发音规则与技巧Chapter单元音发音时，舌位、唇形、开口度始终不变，如有变动，则发出其他元音。
01双元音发音时，由两个元音音素组成，发音时由一个元音向另一个元音滑动。
02前元音发音时，舌位最高点都在舌前部，发音时舌尖轻触下齿背。
03中元音发音时，舌位最高点都在舌中部，发音时舌头后缩，舌尖离开下齿背。
04后元音发音时，舌位最高点都在舌后部，发音时舌根抬起，靠近软腭。
05摩擦音发音时，气流在口腔中受到阻碍，通过狭窄的缝破擦音发音时，先爆破后摩擦，即先阻碍气流然后释放0103020405音节的划分连读失去爆破重读音节特殊发音技巧03国际音标在单词拼读中应用Chapter单词重音判断单词重音的定义单词中发音最为突出的音节，通常由音高、音强和音长等多种语音特征共同体现。
单词重音的判断方法根据单词的音节结构和语音特征，判断单词的重音位置。
如多音节单词中，通常重音落在倒数第三个音节上。
单词重音的作用重音是影响单词发音和语调的重要因素，正确的重音位置有助于准确传达语义和情感。
音节的划分方法根据单词中的元音音素和辅音音素进行划分。
一般来说，一个元音音素可以构成一个音节，而一个辅音音素则不能单独构成音节。
音节的定义单词发音的基本单位，由一个或几个音素组成。
音节的作用音节是单词发音的基础，正确的音节划分有助于准确拼读和记忆单词。
音节划分方法单词拼读实例分析实例一实例二实例三实例四04国际音标在句子朗读中应用Chapter句子重音判断单词在句子中的重音位置01句子中的重音模式02重音与语调的关系031 2 3辅音连缀元音连读失去爆破和不完全爆破连读技巧01020304陈述句一般使用降调，表示肯定或完结的语气。
音标讲义48个英语音标表国际音标（International Phonetic Alphabet,简称IPA）就像我们的汉语一样，是我们认字，识词的工具。
国际音标标出了英语语音用到的清辅音：［p］、［t］、［k］、［f］、［即、［s］、［ts］、［tr］、［J卜［5 浊辅音：［b］、［d］、［g］、［v］、［6］、［z］、［dz］、［dr］、⑶、［d3］其他辅音：［m］、［n］、皿、［l］、［r］、［j］、［w］、［h］48个音素，应用国际音标就可以读出任何一个英文单词。
元音20个辅音28个。
元音和辅音的定义：声带振动，气流不受阻碍：元音。
气流受到一定的阻碍：辅音。
声带不振动的辅音：清辅音。
声带振动的辅音：浊辅音。
辅音分类表：辅音共28个国际音标速记法国际音标四十八，人人都能学会它。
除去元音二十个，剩下辅音二十八。
元音分为单和双，十二个单来八个双。
单元音又分前中后，数字恰好四、二、六；双元音尾有特色：三国、二也］、三个［。
］。
辅音廿八分哥仁，八个单过八成家；三八廿四还缺谁？四个连缀莫落下。
按此顺序去背诵，音形合一效果佳。
今天练好语音功，来日学习必轻松。
一、元音20个-前元音：［i］、［ i:］、［ e ］、［田］单元音（12个）中元音：［。
:］、［。
卜［A卜I 后元音：［a:］、［ o:］、［ o ］、［u］、［ u:］、双元音（8 个）［ei］、［ai］、［oi］、［au］、［su］、［i。
］、［g。
］、［u。
］二、辅音28个（8对+8个+4个）清辅音：皿、[t]>回、田、⑻、网、⑴、[tn 浊辅音：回、⑷、囿、M、⑵、回、⑶、叱] [m]、[n]> 皿、[1]> [r]> 用、[w]> [h] 辅音连缀：[ts]、[dz]> [tr]> [dr]一、元音部分（一）、单元音1）、B：]1.我会读：（读下列单词，找规律）heeve she mebee sheep weektea pea eatseize receive deceitthief fieldpolice machine key2.我会写：（学生自己抄写单词，揣摩规律）3.我还会拼：（学生按照规律，自己拼写单词）wemeet、keep deep_____________________________________________________sea leave ___________________________________________________________niece piece _____________________________________________________4.练一练：（学生朗读正确，发音到位）短语听读练习：in the tree in the street in the deep sea have a meeting eat meat keep a dog a key man 谚语：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
初中英语音标教学第一课时国际音标International phonetic symbols for English作业：大声朗读下列音标、单词和句子1.[i:] & [ i ][i:]：free meet teacher please each magazine evil seed1.She feels sleepy. 3. We need some meat for dinner.2.In the evening, we eat under the trees. 4. These three teachers are having a meeting.[ i ]：busy pretty symbol milk fill village1. dig and pick2. an English village.3. a pretty little kid4. a big electronic dictionary5. She filled my dish with fish.6. The fisherman's ship was hit by the wind.2. [e ] & [æ][e ]：bed bell bet better best belly beg sell said set settle1. Ted sells many eggs.2. Tell Ted to get his lessons ready.3. Let’s get together when Ted’s better. [æ ]：lab lamb lack ladder bag ban back flag flat flam1.Jack had a map in his hand.2. The rabbit dashed back.3. The man ran madly to the camp. 3. [ a: ] & [ ʌ ][ a: ]：car carpet gasp dance heart castle bark glass1. rather fast2. a large garden3. a hard-hearted artist4. The car is rather smart.5. He can’t answer the question of his father.6. I started to laugh when I looked into the glass. [ ʌ ]：color double customer thunder supper ugly1. Some luck!2. My other son is in the room above.3. A dozen cousins are coming this Sunday.4. He cut the bread and it fell onto the rug.4. [ ɔ:] & [ ɔ ][ ɔ:]：daughter before war jaw thought1. more horses2. an ordinary story3. chalk and blackboard4. John bought a lot of hot dogs.5. Her daughter put some salt in the water.[ ɔ ]：origin because cotton cock sorry novel1. a novel on dogs2. He lost his job in the Foreign Office.3. The doctor forgot to stop at the crossing.4. The boss was not sorry for calling off the talk with Tom.5. [ ə:] & [ ə ][ ə:]：earn occur service worse serve1. the third world2. work in this firm3. in the early1930's4. He started the journey early on Thursday.5. The nurse was nervous at the burned wound.[ ə ]：method inventor general famous effort reporter1. attend a lecture2. fewer and fewer3. a hundred lawyers4. The singer in the center looks younger.5. I mixed the butter, sugar, and water together.6. [u:] & [u][u:]：movement spoon group glue1. a useful rule2. a huge pool full of water3. Mankind flew to the moon many years ago.4. They chose some blue shoes and went out in groups.[u]：push wood pudding woman look1. look for the book2. The bull stood in the bushes.3. The woman is cooking some good food.4. You can't eat the pudding mom cooks.5. Don't stand in the wood on the moonless night.7. [ei ] & [ ai ][ei ] pay pain pace paper say save safe ray rain race rainy1. Jane is waiting for the rain.2. The papers are under the paper-weight.3. They arranged to take the table away.[ ai ] why wide wife wider eye ice either lie line lice lighter1.He was trying to find a white wine.2.The girl is quite nice, but quite shy.3. The kite was flying high in the sky.8. [ əu ] & [ au ][ əu ] :low load loaf hoe home hope know note notice1. Don’t throw stones2. He rose to propose the toast.3. The postman is over there on the road.[ au ]: now noun mouse louder how howl house cow gown south county1. They heard the loud shouts of the crowd.2. Count the vowel sounds in the noun.3. Mr. Brown has a large mouth.9. [ ɔi ] & [ uə][ ɔi ] :joy join boy boil point Roy coin choice toilet1. Roy is a noisy boy.2. Joy enjoys destroying toys.3. The oil spoilt the embroidery. [ uə]: tour tourist cure curious sure cruel1. A gourd is found in the moor.2. The steward was furious.3.The curious tourist enjoys his China tour10. [ iə ] &[εə ][ iə ]:fear fierce pierce near really1.They really appear to be superior.2. He’s quite serious and really sincere.3. My right ear can hear better than my left ear.[εə ]: scare chair chairman dare dairy1. Mary has several pairs of shoes to wear.2. There’s going to be a fair in the square.3. Where will you have the chairs repaired?1. Exercises for the 4 Front V owels（前元音）/i:/ See the breeze teasing the tree,Weaving the leaves or shaking them free,Tossing the fleece of sheep, that keep,On peacefully feeding, half asleep./i/ “Tick” the clock says, “tick, tick, tick!”What you have to do, do quickly;Time is gliding fast away.For motherland let us do our bit./e/ Good, better, best,Never let it rest:Till good is better,And better best./æ/I met a little boy JackWho came from another land.I couldn’t speak his language,But I took him by the hand.2. Exercises for the 5 Back V owels（后元音）/a:/Twinkle, twinkle, little star,How I wonder what you are!Up above the world so high,Like a diamond n the sky;Twinkle, twinkle, little star,How I wonder what you are!/ɔ/Froggy-boggy sat on a rock;Froggy-boggy had a great shock!Froggy-boggy fell off the top;Into the pond he fell with a plop./ɔ:/Good Morning to AllGood morning to all who walk,Good morning to all who crawlGood morning to all who soar,Or swim, good morning I call,To broad and to small, to short and to tall,Good morning, good morning to all./ u / At noon I took a bookAnd sat by the pool in the wood,And put my foot in the pool.Oh, how cool!/ u: / At noon in June when the flowers droop,And the roofing sky is blue;When the doves croon through the gloom of the trees,What do we choose to do?Why, to troop to the pool where the water coolSeems far too good to be true!3. Exercises for the 3 Central V owels（中元音）/ ʌ / There’s a mutter and grumble in the groundWhen thundering comes the train;Then into the tunnel it rumbles onAnd another comes thundering again./ə:/ Worms squirm in the earthWhen first is heardThe murmur and chirpOf the early bird./ə/ Butter and sugar and eggs and flour,Beat them again for half an hour,Bake the cake for an hour or more,But you never must open the oven door. 4. Exercises for the 5 Rising Diphthongs（双元音）/ei/Rain, rain, go away,Come again another day,Little Johnny wants to play./əu/Show me where those roses grow,Closed and cold as frozen snow,Or slowly opening wide, and showingHow their golden hearts are glowing./ai/Fly, kite, high in the sky,Bright in the shining light;Then I’ll wind my string, and try to guideYou nicely down for the night./au/Cow, cow,Friendly and brown,Let down your milk,For the hungry town./ɔi/Oh joy, oh joy,A child with his toy,Shouting at the top of his voice,Making such a terrible noise,Oh joy, oh joy!5. Exercises for the 3 Centering Diphthongs /iə/I fear he can’t hear me clearly.Dear, dear, beer is really dear.On a mare goes the mayor,/εə/To the fair at the square,Prepared to buy a little bear,That will sit on his fair chair./uə/Behold the furious dual,Between the casual touristAnd the rural jewelerFor a curious and luxurious jewel.。
