对称加密与⾮对称加密转载请注明出处（⼀）对称加密（Symmetric Cryptography）对称加密是最快速、最简单的⼀种加密⽅式，加密（encryption）与解密（decryption）⽤的是同样的密钥（secret key）。
对称加密有很多种算法，由于它效率很⾼，所以被⼴泛使⽤在很多加密协议的核⼼当中。
对称加密通常使⽤的是相对较⼩的密钥，⼀般⼩于256 bit。
因为密钥越⼤，加密越强，但加密与解密的过程越慢。
如果你只⽤1 bit来做这个密钥，那⿊客们可以先试着⽤0来解密，不⾏的话就再⽤1解；但如果你的密钥有1 MB⼤，⿊客们可能永远也⽆法破解，但加密和解密的过程要花费很长的时间。
密钥的⼤⼩既要照顾到安全性，也要照顾到效率，是⼀个trade-off。
2000年10⽉2⽇，美国国家标准与技术研究所（NIST--American National Institute of Standards and Technology）选择了Rijndael算法作为新的⾼级加密标准（AES--Advanced Encryption Standard）。
.NET中包含了Rijndael算法，类名叫RijndaelManaged，下⾯举个例⼦。
加密过程：private string myData = "hello";private string myPassword = "OpenSesame";private byte[] cipherText;private byte[] salt = { 0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6, 0x5, 0x4, 0x3, 0x2, 0x1, 0x0 };private void mnuSymmetricEncryption_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){var key = new Rfc2898DeriveBytes(myPassword, salt);// Encrypt the data.var algorithm = new RijndaelManaged();algorithm.Key = key.GetBytes(16);algorithm.IV = key.GetBytes(16);var sourceBytes = new System.Text.UnicodeEncoding().GetBytes(myData);using (var sourceStream = new MemoryStream(sourceBytes))using (var destinationStream = new MemoryStream())using (var crypto = new CryptoStream(sourceStream, algorithm.CreateEncryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Read)){moveBytes(crypto, destinationStream);cipherText = destinationStream.ToArray();}MessageBox.Show(String.Format("Data:{0}{1}Encrypted and Encoded:{2}", myData, Environment.NewLine, Convert.ToBase64String(cipherText)));}private void moveBytes(Stream source, Stream dest){byte[] bytes = new byte[2048];var count = source.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);while (0 != count){dest.Write(bytes, 0, count);count = source.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);}}解密过程：private void mnuSymmetricDecryption_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){if (cipherText == null){MessageBox.Show("Encrypt Data First!");return;}var key = new Rfc2898DeriveBytes(myPassword, salt);// Try to decrypt, thus showing it can be round-tripped.var algorithm = new RijndaelManaged();algorithm.Key = key.GetBytes(16);algorithm.IV = key.GetBytes(16);using (var sourceStream = new MemoryStream(cipherText))using (var destinationStream = new MemoryStream())using (var crypto = new CryptoStream(sourceStream, algorithm.CreateDecryptor(), CryptoStreamMode.Read)){moveBytes(crypto, destinationStream);var decryptedBytes = destinationStream.ToArray();var decryptedMessage = new UnicodeEncoding().GetString(decryptedBytes);MessageBox.Show(decryptedMessage);}}对称加密的⼀⼤缺点是密钥的管理与分配，换句话说，如何把密钥发送到需要解密你的消息的⼈的⼿⾥是⼀个问题。
