(IJEME-V1-N3-10)

第 42 卷第 5 期2023年 9 月Vol.42 No.5Sept. 2023中南民族大学学报（自然科学版）Journal of South-Central Minzu University（Natural Science Edition）光甘草定-烟酰胺纳米乳的制备与抗氧化效果鲁妍，聂琴，赵海燕，黄婷婷，王少兵*（中南民族大学药学院，武汉430074）摘要制备光甘草定-烟酰胺纳米乳（G-N-NE）并初步评价其抗氧化效果. 采用相转变乳化高压均质法制备G-N-NE，借助伪三元相图法联合Box-Behnken响应面设计法（BBD-RSM）筛选获得G-N-NE最佳处方并进行验证，通过DPPH·自由基清除率初步评价了G-N-NE的抗氧化效果. 结果表明：G-N-NE最佳处方为辛酸癸酸三酰甘油/肉豆蔻异丙酯/吐温80/无水乙醇/光甘草定/0.10%烟酰胺水溶液（3.97∶1.99∶18.54∶4.64∶0.10∶70.76），粒径为（88.41 ± 0.19）nm，多分散指数PDI为（0.253 ± 0.01），Zeta电位为（-7.79 ± 0.12）mV，烟酰胺载药量与包封率分别为（5.42 ± 0.04）%与（93.01 ± 0.23）%，光甘草定的载药量与包封率分别为（6.82 ± 0.06）%与（97.01 ± 0.06）%，相比光甘草定-烟酰胺溶液和光甘草定纳米乳，G-N-NE对DPPH·自由基有更好的清除效果，说明G-N-NE性质稳定、包封率高，具有良好的抗氧化效果.关键词纳米乳；伪三元相图；Box-Behnken响应面设计法；光甘草定；烟酰胺中图分类号R943 文献标志码 A 文章编号1672-4321（2023）05-0620-07doi：10.20056/ki.ZNMDZK.20230506Preparation and antioxidant efficacy of glabridin-nicotinamideloaded nanoemulsionLU Yan,NIE Qin，ZHAO Haiyan，HUANG Tingting，WANG Shaobing*（School of Pharmaceutical Sciences， South-Central Minzu University， Wuhan 430074， China）Abstract Glabridin-nicotinamide loaded nanoemulsion （G-N-NE） was prepared and its antioxidant effect was evaluated preliminarily. G-N-NE was prepared by phase transition emulsification high-pressure homogenization method，and its optimized prescription was obtained and verified by the pseudo-ternary phase diagram method combined with Box-Behnken response surface design method （BBD-RSM）. The DPPH scavenging rate was used to preliminarily evaluate the antioxidant efficacy of G-N-NE. The results indicated that the optimized prescription of G-N-NE was caprylic acid capric acid triacylglycerol/myristyl isopropyl ester/Tween 80/absolute ethanol/glycyrrhizin/0.10% nicotinamide aqueous solution （3.97∶1.99∶18.54∶4.64∶0.10∶28.24）， the particle size was （88.41 ± 0.19）nm， the polydispersity index （PDI） was 0.253 ± 0.01，the zeta potential was （-7.79 ± 0.12）mV，the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of nicotinamide were （5.42 ± 0.04）% and （93.01 ± 0.23）%，and the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of glabridin were （6.82 ± 0.06） % and （97.01 ± 0.06） %， respectively. Compared with glabridin-nicotinamide solution and glabridin nanoemulsion，G-N-NE had a better scavenging effect on DPPH·free radicals， which indicated that G-N-NE has stable properties， high encapsulation efficiency and satisfying antioxidant efficacy.Keywords nanoemulsion；pseudo-ternary phase diagram；Box-Behnken response surface design method；glabridin；nicotinamide光甘草定具有较强的抗自由基氧化活性，能有效抑制黑色素生成，从而具有美白抗氧化作用［1-2］. 然而，光甘草定存在溶解性差、生物利用度低的问题［3］，限制了其在美白化妆品中的应用. 因此，提高收稿日期2022-01-10* 通信作者王少兵（1977-），男，副教授，博士，研究方向：药物制剂，E-mail：********************.cn 基金项目中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（CZD20005）第 5 期鲁妍，等：光甘草定-烟酰胺纳米乳的制备与抗氧化效果光甘草定的生物利用度与美白功效成为了化妆品研究需要解决的问题.近年来，许多新剂型或制剂技术（如乳液、脂质体、环糊精、微粒等）用于装载光甘草定以提高其生物利用度. 阳天舒等［4］选用乙醇-丙二醇混合溶剂作为柔软剂制备光甘草定醇质体，其抑制黑色素生成及抗氧化作用均得到提高增强. 魏永晴等［5］制备的光甘草定/羟丙基-β-环糊精提高了光甘草定的溶解度和生物利用度，与相同浓度的自由光甘草定相比，包合物的形成使其清除DPPH自由基能力提高了9倍，抑制酪氨酸酶活性提高了20倍.纳米乳（nanoemulsion，NE）是一种由水、油与乳化剂自发形成的粒径为1~100 nm的均相分散体系［6］，其用作难溶性药物的输送系统，能够改善药物的溶解度与稳定性，提高药物的生物利用率. 响应面设计法（RSM）是利用合理的试验设计方法并通过实验得到相关数据，拟合及分析来寻求最优工艺参数，解决多变量问题的一种统计方法. 具有试验次数少、精密度高、模型预测性能好、可用于研究几种因素间交互作用等优点，常常用于制剂处方筛选与工艺参数优化［7-8］.据文献报道，光甘草定与烟酰胺合用能增强美白功效［9］，结合光甘草定溶解性差与生物利用度低的问题，本研究设计了光甘草定-烟酰胺纳米乳（G-N-NE）处方，围绕油相、乳化剂、助乳化剂和投药量等因素对纳米乳的影响，利用伪三元相图联合Box-Behnken响应面设计法（Box-Behnken response surface design method，BBD-RSM）对纳米乳处方进行了筛选，对纳米乳的载药量、包封率、粒径等性质进行了考察，并探讨了G-N-NE对DPPH·自由基清除作用.1　实验部分1.1　样品、试剂和仪器光甘草定（西安天广源）；左旋多巴、多酚氧化酶（菌菇）（上海源叶）；烟酰胺、吐温80、司盘80、PEG-40氢化蓖麻油、蓖麻油氢氧乙烯醚、月桂醇聚醚-9、棕榈油、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、辛基十二醇、辛酸/癸酸三酰甘油、7号白油与PEG-400（山东优索化工）；甘油、1，2-丙二醇、无水乙醇（国药集团）；甲醇、乙腈（美国赛默飞），甲醇和乙腈为色谱纯，甘油、1，2-丙二醇和无水乙醇为分析纯，其余试剂均为日化级. Amicon®Ultra-0.5超滤离心管（美国Millipore）；Zetasizer micro ZSE型纳米粒度电位仪（英国Malvern Panalytical）；高效液相色谱仪（Agilent 1100，美国安捷伦）；全波长酶标仪（瑞士TECAN）.1.2　纳米乳的制备采用相转变乳化高压均质法［10］，将处方量的光甘草定、乳化剂、助乳化剂加入油相中，搅拌均匀，将处方量的烟酰胺溶解于超纯水中作为水相，然后缓慢将水相滴加到油相体系中，边加边磁力搅拌制得粗乳，于室温均质循环20次，均质压力为600 Pa，得O/W型G-N-NE.1.3　色谱条件采用HPLC法测定烟酰胺和光甘草定含量［11-12］，色谱条件如下：色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18（150 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm），流动相A相为水，B相为乙腈，梯度洗脱程序为0~3 min，6% B；3~8 min，60% B；8~15 min，60% B，检测波长为220 nm，柱温30 ℃，流速为1.0 mL·min-1，进样体积为10 μL. 1.4　粒径、PDI和Zeta电位的测定取适量G-N-NE溶液，采用Zetasizer micro ZSE 纳米粒度电位仪在室温下测量纳米乳液的平均粒径、PDI和Zeta电位，平衡时间设为60 s，扫描间隔为10 s，温度设为25 ℃，每个样品平行分析3次. 1.5　包封率（EE）和载药量（DL）测定精密移取G-N-NE溶液0.5 mL置于10 mL容量瓶，加甲醇超声破乳20 min，使用甲醇定容后摇匀，取2 mL溶液于4000 r·min-1下离心10 min，取上清液，经0.22 μm微孔滤膜过滤，取续滤液在“1.3”条件下测定总药物量W Total.移取G-N-NE溶液0.5 mL于超滤管（MW：100 kD）中，在10000 r·min-1下离心10 min，精密移取1.0 mL超滤液至10 mL容量瓶，甲醇稀释定容，0.22 μm 微孔滤膜过滤，取续滤液在“1.3”条件下测定游离药物量W Free.按照以下公式计算包封率与载药量：EE=W Total-W FreeW Total×100%，（1）DL=W Total-W FreeW NE×100%，（2）式中：W NE为纳米乳体系质量.1.6　光甘草定溶解度测定过饱和法［11］测定光甘草定在各种辅料中的溶解度. 分别取辛酸/癸酸三酰甘油（GTCC）、肉豆蔻酸异丙脂（IPM）、辛基十二醇、棕榈醇、7号白油、聚乙621第 42 卷中南民族大学学报（自然科学版）二醇400、丙二醇（PG）、甘油、乙醇、司盘 80（Span 80）、聚乙二醇-40氢化蓖麻油（CO 40）、蓖麻油氢氧乙烯醚（EL 40）、月桂醇聚醚9（AEO 9）、吐温80（Tween 80）适量置于具塞试管中（平行3份），加入过量光甘草定原料药，置于37 ℃恒温振荡器中，振摇48 h，离心，取上清液用甲醇稀释，1.3项下方法测定光甘草定在各辅料中的溶解度.1.7　纳米乳处方筛选将乳化剂与助乳化剂按一定质量比（K m）混匀形成混合乳化剂，再将油相与水相按体积比分别为1∶9、2∶8、3∶7、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3、8∶2、9∶1混匀，在磁力搅拌情况下逐滴加入混合乳化剂，记录体系由浑浊变为澄清时的临界混合乳化剂添加量. Origin软件，以水相、油相及混合乳化剂体积为3个顶点，绘制伪三元相图，以伪三元相图中纳米乳区域面积的大小作为筛选油相、乳化剂、助乳化剂和K m值的依据.1.8　纳米乳配方优化以混合乳化剂浓度（X1/%），烟酰胺水溶液浓度（X2/%）和药物质量分数（X3/%）为考察因素（表1），以粒径（Y1/nm）、PDI（Y2）为评价指标，以纳米乳的粒径小于100 nm，PDI小于0.3优化处方参数. 确定出最佳配方，并进行验证性实验.1.9　初步评价纳米乳抗氧化效果以85%乙醇为溶剂，分别配制受试浓度0.08、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8 mg/mL的待测样，取0.1 mL待测样加到96孔板后，加入0.1 mL 2.0×10-4mol/L的DPPH·乙醇溶液，25 ℃孵育20 min，于波长517 nm 处测定吸光度A1；取0.1 mL待测样和0.1 mL 85%乙醇混匀加到96孔板，于波长517 nm处测定吸光度A2；取2.0×10-4mol·L-1的DPPH·乙醇溶液与0.1 mL 85%乙醇混匀加到96孔板，25℃孵育20 min，于波长517 nm处测定吸光度A3，按式（3）计算DPPH清除率［13］：DPPH清除率=(1-A1-A2A3)×100%.（3）2　结果与讨论2.1　光甘草定在不同辅料中的溶解度由表2可见，相比水相辅料可显著增加光甘草定的溶解度，光甘草定在油脂辛基十二醇、GTCC和IPM中溶解度较大，在表面活性剂吐温80中溶解度较大，在助乳化剂丙二醇和无水乙醇中溶解度也较大.2.2　纳米乳配方筛选2.2.1　油相的确定以Tween80为乳化剂，PG为助乳化剂，浓度1%的烟酰胺水溶液为水相，K m = 1∶1，以不同油脂作为油相绘制的伪三元相图见图1.由图1可见，IPM、GTCC∶IPM（V/V） = 1∶1以及GTCC∶IPM（V/V） = 2∶1作为油相时形成的纳米乳区较大，结合光甘草定在GTCC中溶解度最大，确定以GTCC ∶ IPM = 2∶1作为油相.2.2.2　乳化剂的确定以GTCC∶IPM = 2∶1（V/V）为油相，PG为助乳化剂，质量浓度1%的烟酰胺水溶液为水相，K m = 1∶1，以不同表面活性剂作为乳化剂绘制的伪三元相图见图2.由图2可见，Tween 80为乳化剂时形成的纳米乳区最大，此外，纳米乳液体系的最重要标准是所有赋形剂都要属于“一般认为安全”的类别［14］，考虑Tween 80对难溶性药物不仅有很好的增溶效果［15］，还具有较宽的安全窗，因此选择Tween 80为制备G-N-NE的乳化剂.表1　自变量各水平的编码值及实际值Tab.1　The coded value and actual value of each level of theindependent variable自变量X1：混合乳化剂浓度/% X2：烟酰胺水溶液浓度/% X3：药物质量分数/%水平-170500.0580700.10190900.15表2　光甘草定在不同辅料中的溶解度（n=3）Tab.2　Solubility of licorice in different excipients （n=3）种类油脂表面活性剂助乳化剂介质辛基十二醇辛酸/癸酸三酰甘油七号白油棕榈醇肉豆蔻酸异丙脂吐温80蓖麻油氢氧乙烯醚聚乙二醇-40氢化蓖麻油司盘80月桂醇聚醚9无水乙醇甘油丙二醇聚乙二醇400溶解度/（mg·L-1）700.17 ± 5.122109.59 ± 21.8817.56 ± 0.635.34 ± 0.27339.81 ± 3.56731.45 ± 11.4120.74 ± 0.0320.88 ± 0.135.49 ± 0.05472.58 ± 2.79427.48 ± 3.964.67 ± 0.12205.33 ± 1.2739.83 ± 0.08622第 5 期鲁妍，等：光甘草定-烟酰胺纳米乳的制备与抗氧化效果2.2.3　助乳化剂的确定以GTCC ∶IPM = 2∶1（V /V ）为油相，Tween 80为乳化剂，质量浓度1%的烟酰胺水溶液为水相，K m = 1∶1，以不同比例乙醇和丙二醇作为助乳化剂绘制的伪三元相图（图3）.由图3可见，以乙醇、乙醇/丙二醇混合溶剂（7∶3）和丙二醇为助乳化剂时，形成的纳米乳区较大. 结合光甘草定在不同的助乳化剂中的溶解度，其在无水乙醇中的溶解度最大，因此确定以无水乙醇作为助乳化剂.2.2.4　K m 的确定以GTCC ∶IPM = 2∶1（V /V ）为油相，Tween 80为乳化剂，以乙醇作为助乳化剂，质量浓度1%的烟酰胺水溶液为水相，以不同K m 值绘制的伪三元相图（图4）.由图4可见，K m =1∶1和K m =4∶1时形成的纳米乳区较大，此外，乙醇具有刺激性气味，在化妆品中应尽量减少其添加量. 综合考虑，确定K m = 4∶1.2.3　纳米乳配方优化2.3.1　BBD -RSM 试验根据BBD -RSM 对G -N -NE 处方进行优化试验设计结果见表3. 以Design -expert 软件对各因素进行多元线性回归和二项式方程拟合. 通过比较三组数学模型的相关系数和P 值，粒径（Y 1）和PDI （Y 2）的二次多项式模型拟合效果较好，且3个因素对粒径均有显著影响（P < 0.5），混合乳化剂浓度和烟酰胺水图3 不同助乳化剂对伪三元相图的影响Fig.3　Effects of different co -emulsifier on pseudo -ternary phase diagrams图1 不同油相对伪三元相图的影响Fig.1　Effects of different oils on pseudo -ternary phase diagrams图2 不同表面活性剂对伪三元相图的影响Fig.2　Effects of different surfactant on pseudo -ternary phase diagrams623第 42 卷中南民族大学学报（自然科学版）溶液浓度对PDI 有显著影响（P < 0.005）（表4）.最终拟合方程为：Y 1=80295.65-1134.19X 1-1031.89X 2+1.22×105-6.16X 1X 2+7.87X 1X 3-598.85X 2X 3+10.13X 12+9.84X 22+3.71×105X 32；Y 2=10.93-0.20X 1-0.11X 2+7.76X 3+1.18×10-3X 1X 2-0.02X 1X 3-0.07X 2X 3+7.99×10-4X 12+2.28×10-4X 22-6.85X 32.根据二次多项回归方程，绘制处方三维曲面图（图5）.由图5可知，混合乳化剂浓度增加，粒径先减小后增大，而PDI 不断增大；烟酰胺水溶液浓度增加，粒径先减小后缓慢增大，而PDI 不断增大；药物质量分数增加，粒径先增大后减小，而PDI 逐渐减小.最终，软件的处方优化的结果为： 油相为GTCC3.97%和IPM 1.99%、乳化剂（Tween 80）18.54%、助乳化剂（无水乙醇）4.64%、烟酰胺0.10%、光甘草定0.10%和水.2.3.2　模型验证按最优处方制备三批G -N -NE ，测定其粒径大小及PDI ，并进行模型验证. 得X 1=79.55%，X 2=70.86%，X 3=0.10%，Y 1预测值为89.75 nm ，Y 2预测值为0.259，经验证，Y 1实测值为88.41 nm ，Y 2实测值为0.253，响应变量的预测值与实测值相对误差<5%，说明选择的拟合模型预测性良好.2.4　纳米乳性质检测按最优处方制备三批G -N -NE ，分别编号为1、2、3. 测定其粒径、PDI 、Zeta 电位、包封率和载药量，测定结果见表5. 《中国药典》（2020年版）四部通则9014微粒制剂指导原则中指出，纳米乳的粒径应在50～100 nm 范围内，包封率一般不得低于80%. 由表5可知，实验所得的三批G -N -NE 均符合要求.2.5　初步评价纳米乳抗氧化效果G -N -NE 在不同质量浓度下清除DPPH ·自由基的结果见图6. 在一定的浓度范围内，烟酰胺-光甘草定水溶液（N -G -aq ）以及光甘草定纳米乳液（G -NE ）在同一浓度条件下对DPPH ·自由基的清除率明显低于G -N -NE ，随着G -N -NE 质量浓度的提高，DPPH ·自由基清除率逐渐提高，当G -N -NE 达到0.6 mg ·mL -1，清除能力趋于饱和，对DPPH ·自由基的清除能力达到92.48%. 因此可知纳米乳制剂能有效提高药物的抗氧化自由基效果，这与贾越光等［16］的研究结果一致，可能是由于纳米乳粒径小，能够更加高效地和自由基发生反应从而达到更高的消除效果.3　结语采用伪三元相图法联合Box -Behnken 响应面设计法筛选的最佳配方所制备的G -N -NE 粒径小、包封率高，具有良好的稳定性. DPPH 自由基清除结果表4　响应模型汇总统计分析Tab.4　Summary and statistical analysis of response models Model Linear 2FQuadratic Y 1（粒径）r 20.60350.63580.9506Adjusted r 20.51200.41720.8872P0.00600.06570.0009Y 2（PDI ）r 20.49600.86470.9651Adjusted r 20.37970.78350.9203P 0.02650.00070.0003图4 不同K m 对伪三元相图的影响Fig.4　Effects of different K m on pseudo -ternary phase diagrams表3　Box -behnken 设计安排和结果（n =3）Tab.3　Box -behnken design arrangements and results （n =3）序号1234567891011121314151617X 100010111-1000-10-10-1X 21-100-10-11-110000100X 3-1-10-1110001001000-1Y 1/nm 63.755215.00261.40244.577677.67302.1312760.0081.417877.00131.03265.20260.53444.63262.22129.77259.40402.80Y 20.5660.1840.2630.4300.2390.4050.0941.0000.3310.3440.2550.2600.2380.2590.2960.2580.214624第 5 期鲁妍，等：光甘草定-烟酰胺纳米乳的制备与抗氧化效果表明，G -N -NE 相较于水溶液和G -NE ，能显著提高自由基清除率，因而G -N -NE 能达到更好的抗氧化效果，该结果为光甘草定和烟酰胺在美白抗氧化化妆品的开发利用上提供了参考价值.参考文献［1］ 木合布力·阿布力孜， 热娜·卡斯木， 马淑燕， 等. 甘草中光甘草定的提取和抗氧化活性研究［J ］. 天然产物研究与开发， 2007， 19（4）： 675-677.［2］ EPHREM E ， ELAISSARI H ， GREIGE -GERGES H ， et al.Improvement of skin whitening agents efficiency through encapsulation ： Current state of knowledge ［J ］. Int J Pharm ， 2017， 526（1/2）： 50-68.［3］ 冯倩茹， 叶柳青， 刘园园， 等. 光甘草定平衡溶解度和油水分配系数的测定［J ］. 天津中医药大学学报， 2017， 36（1）： 54-56.［4］ 阳天舒， 韩晓乐， 孙嘉彬， 等.光甘草定醇质体制备及其生物活性评价［J ］. 中草药， 2020， 51（18）： 4646-4653.［5］ WANG Y ， JIN Z ， YAN Z ， et al. Characterization ofglabridin/hydroxypropyl -β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex with robust solubility and enhanced bioactivity ［J ］. Carbohydr Polym ， 2017， 159（1）： 152-160.［6］ 姚云霞， 李云， 李媛， 等. 纳米乳在药剂学中的研究及表5　纳米乳性质Tab.5　Nanoemulsion properties编号粒径PDIZeta 电位EE/%DL/%烟酰胺光甘草定烟酰胺光甘草定188.190.255-7.7693.0597.005.436.82288.560.245-7.6992.7796.965.386.76388.470.258-7.9393.2297.085.456.88Mean 88.410.253-7.7993.0197.015.426.82SD0.190.010.120.230.060.040.06图5 各响应变量对自变量的三维效应面图Fig.5　Three -dimensional effect surface diagram of each response variable to independent variable 图6 G -N -NE 对DPPH ·自由基清除率曲线Fig.6　Scavenging curve of G -N -NE on DPPH · radical625第 42 卷中南民族大学学报（自然科学版）应用进展［J］. 军事医学， 2021， 45（6）： 473-478.［7］周莉，赵乃玉，何元鹏，等. 响应曲面优化昆仑雪菊多酚提取工艺研究［J］.中南民族大学学报（自然科学版）， 2021， 40（2）： 165-170.［8］刘欣，周宋汇，孙科. 达托霉素发酵工艺条件响应面优化研究［J］.中南民族大学学报（自然科学版）， 2019，38（1）： 76-80.［9］王瑞雪，赵珍，钟雁，等. 几种常用美白剂协同作用研究［J］. 日用化学工业， 2014， 44（10）： 572-576.［10］周佳，孙燕燕，温美强，等. 布洛芬口服纳米乳的制备及处方优化研究［J］. 沈阳药科大学学报， 2020， 37（10）： 865-871.［11］苏润萍. 光甘草定带正电荷纳米乳的研制［D］. 长春：吉林大学， 2018.［12］GB/T 29664-2013，化妆品中维生素B3（烟酸，烟酰胺）的测定高效液相色谱法和高效液相色谱串联质谱法［S］.2013.［13］黄荣，伍晴，傅小红. 红酒多酚稳定性研究及美白功效评价［J］. 化学研究与应用， 2018， 30（11）： 1786-1791.［14］KLANG V，MATSKO N，ZIMMEMANN A，et al.Enhancement of stability and skin permeation by sucrosestearate and cyclodextrins in progesterone nanoemulsions［J］. Int J Pharm， 2010， 393（1/2）： 153-161.［15］李月，张路梅，段金连，等. 注射用聚山梨酯80的杂质、安全性问题与可能的出路［J］. 云南中医学院学报， 2018， 41（4）： 93-97.［16］贾越光，丁志英，肖嘉婧，等. 人参皂苷纳米乳的美白抗衰作用及其安全性评价［J］. 中国生化药物杂志，2015， 35（9）： 19-22.（责编&校对　姚春娜）626。

I.J. Education and Management Engineering 2012, 3, 1-6Published Online March 2012 in MECS ()DOI: 10.5815/ijeme.2012.03.01Available online at /ijemeReflection on Project Driven LTO Teaching Method①Hua Wang a,*1, Zhijun Zheng a,*2a School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou,ChinaAbstractThe traditional project driven teaching method is a popular teaching method of implementation of inquiry-based teaching model. However, students have the differences of the basic knowledge resulting in increasing the difficulty of the implementation of project-driven approach. This calls for revisiting the current project driven teaching process. The proposed teaching method of LTO (Learning, Training, Operating) by extending project-driven approach is presented to resolve the problems of traditional project driven teaching method challenging to teachers at universities. The LTO teaching approach encourages more students to participate in courses and stimulates outstanding students to have more developing room. At the same time, the students are led to closely track the up-to-date technology, inspired to research knowledge in-depth. Eventually, the new values are reflected in the area of engineering education from the closed university education to the open society one and from a single classroom to actual job positions. Finally, a case study are performed to testify the efficiency of the proposed model.Index Terms: Project Driven; Learning; Training; Operating; Open Experiments© 2012 Published by MECS Publisher. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of the International Conference on E-Business System and Education Technology1.IntroductionIn order to complete the task of teaching, traditional teaching experience of the course of software engineering major showed that teachers mostly talked about the general grammatical rules of programming language, and then the specific application examples were given. However, examples cited in classes was the whole code, which had been designed in advance and there is no real programming and debugging process for demonstration and real practice session in classroom. Consequently, students thought study content to be boring because theory and practice can not be combined organically. Furthermore, students had poor ability to solve practical problems, and were not active, resulting that study results were not satisfactory. In the teaching process, the effect of traditional classroom teaching methods could not achieve good teaching results. For ① This work has been partially sponsored by the University Level Teaching and Research Project Foundation at Zhejiang University of Science and Technology under grant 2009ⅡB-a17.* Corresponding author:E-mail address: *1wanghua96@; *2zjzheng9999@2Reflection on Project Driven LTO Teaching Methodteachers, individualized teaching, adjusting the teaching content, the reform of teaching methods, assessment methods and other measures of innovation are very important.A lot of literatures have contributed to the project-driven teaching method. Rui presented a project designed for a power electronics and drives course[1]. Each part of the project and the student assessment are described.A method put forward that project management technology was applied to project-driven teaching model through tutorial system[2]. A case study was concerned with the development, maturation, and reuse of a business domain independent software component (horizontal reuse) in a project-driven organization that had little previous experience with systematic software reuse[3]. Shiokova designed a hybrid model[4] which combined face-to-face instruction with the approaches of distance learning and multimedia methods to integrate modern learning methods and technologies into traditional university teaching. Kolar and Sabatini launched a classroom reform[5] and the paradigm centered on project-driven assignments, by which they mean students an organized into teams and given a complex design question at the beginning of the semester before any substantive background material was delivered. Wan and Gao established the theoretical model for project-driven teaching in CEM (construction engineering management) under the framework of cognitive theory[6]. A report was given on practice of actual project driven teaching model on software engineering major[7]. More relevant research were found in [8-10].The project driven teaching method is a popular teaching method of implementation of inquiry-based teaching model. However, students have the differences of the basic knowledge resulting in increasing the difficulty of the implementation of project-driven approach. The teaching method of LTO (Learning, Training, Operating) by extending project-driven approach is presented to resolve the problems of traditional project driven teaching method. Meanwhile, CMM (Capability Maturity Model for Software) software process management by means of demonstration project of development process is employed, so that students really master the commercial software development method and process.The proposed method can strengthen students with more powerful practical ability gradually through different training phrase. Firstly, the cultivation goal of applied talents could be achieved. Secondly, software development process could be standardized, students could understand the essence of CMM and improve their sense of teamwork, and students can have cognition and feelings towards software development through the project-driven LTO method. Thirdly, the proposed method can promote students with the ability of Java programming, database theory and software engineering courses. Finally, when students are no longer forced to take learning as a task, but to learn according to the requirements of the project. And the study mode is changed from passive recipients of knowledge to the initiative to seek knowledge. Autonomous learning, problem analysis and problem solving skills will be cultivated. Students will get a better experience of the project to laya good foundation for the future of software career.2.Project Driven LTO Teaching MethodLearning activities must be combined with the task or issue. Students should study with the task in real software project situations. The way of exploring and solving problems is proposed to drive and sustain the interest and motivation of learners. Compared to other courses, software development courses have the strong features of practice, engineering, integration, abstraction. The traditional teaching method requires that students should remember many boring concepts and syntax details at each class, but do not know how to coordinate them to solve practical problems. The project driven LTO teaching method is an original and efficient method to resolve the difficulties in the traditional teaching method. The prior method is challenged by three important questions. Firstly, the selection and positioning software project should be appropriate. Software projects involved students have a special nature that there are often uncertain factors that can affect the progress of the target project, such as interim and final exams, class activities and even university lectures. Therefore, the decomposition of the project under consideration, the development model, reducing uncertain factors and other issues are to be explored. Secondly, how is the knowledge merged into three different stages of LTO in the study process to maintain the three stages (Learning, Training, Operating) to be seamless? Thirdly, how is theenthusiasm of project members maintained? Project involved students is not the same as full-time practical business projects. Accordingly, there are not too many hard targets to manage the members. Project cycle, weekly meeting, the project's goals call for specially reconsidered. We elaborate as follows.2.1.Learning, Training and Operating∙Learning: In the process of teaching, two main lines are followed. The first line is the progress of the software development cycle and task partitioning considering the characteristics of software development courses. The second line is to follow the idea of practice driving theoretical study. Growth line of the ability to learn is integrated in-depth with the above idea: project drives ability, ability promotes knowledge from the knowledge to the theory and finally the theory generates ability.∙Training: Each class takes modules of the project as tasks and focuses on process-oriented structure. The tasks drives knowledge. Students are inspired to operate and build the development team of software project.Team members strictly abide by the enterprise development process and specification, for example CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration for software). The functional modules and the development cycle are closely combined.∙Operating: The software company's actual project management process specification is referred as project management process in class. PSP (Personal Software Process) and TSP (Team Software Process) are employed to guide the process of project implementation in-depth. The necessary assistance is provided by teachers to promote the communication within the project and among projects. The project team need borrow some valuable technical material. The project team have to have weekly project regular meeting that is necessary to control the development process. This must be conformed, otherwise, the activity is easily omitted. Do not need to pay attention to the form of regular meetings, but must be results-oriented.The LTO teaching method can be illustrated as Fig. 1.GuidelineLegend：ReferenceFig. 1. LTO Teaching ArchitectureThe LTO teaching architecture follows the guidelines of learning from project development and exercising from practice. After applying LTO teaching method, the goal is to make students like this course and they get better experience in software development. At the end of the project, the project team members will have become good friends, overcoming the weaknesses of poor communication for students in traditional technology courses.2.2.The Key Points in LTO Teaching ArchitectureThere are several key points in the LTO teaching architecture to be addressed as follows.∙Project Candidates: The choice of case project executed by students is an important issue, as discussed before. There are two methods to determine what types of projects are appropriate to the target students. One is to give students some candidates of projects and the other is to let students themselves design the subject of projects. In the first case, the teacher should find out the study level of students because the students with different levels have different ability of study and programming skills.∙Task Analysis: After determining the task, teachers should not directly tell the students how to solve problems, but analyze the basic concepts of textbook content and the structure of relevant knowledge. Ways and means are provided to get more information and resources. Teachers guide students to learn self-claim, emphasizing self-learning ability of students. During teaching, teachers should break the traditional division of chapters and explain concepts and principles relevant to each task, while omitting those irrelevant contents.∙On-demand Learning and Communication: Students are divided into several groups according to cognitive level, aptitude, personality characteristics, etc. Collaborative learning of group advocates discussions and exchanges among students. Through confrontation and collision of different perspectives, the LTO teaching method supplements, amendments and deepen each student's understanding of current issues, furthermore, improves and deepens the learning of individual mastery of knowledge. The role of teachers in this aspect is mainly inspiration and induction. After finishing such a class, all students have the harvest and everyone has achievements thus achieving truly individualized teaching.∙Feedback and Summary: From the point of view of control theory, any system should be a controlled closed-loop system. To ensure the normal operation of teaching and continuous improvement, feedback information is of great significance. This part focuses on main problems students feedback to evaluate, analyze and summary with combination of teaching objectives. Eventually, objective evaluation of the development process of different students is realized. Evaluation of each student should pay attention to mobilize the enthusiasm of students. Incentive-based approach requires selecting outstanding students with the actual advantages aspects. Another improved-based approach motivates students in insufficient aspects to gain development.3.Case StudyTo evaluate our approach, we performed a simple case study where software project based on database is selected as target project. We take this project to the course of Web Application Development. The project focuses on the apartment management at universities including student management, apartment manager management and logistics management. The LTO teaching method was performed as follows.3.1.Design TasksWe designed several modules based on tasks as follows: students management, access registration, logistics management and system management.∙Students Management: View specific information on occupancy of individual students apartment; the balance of the utilities of apartment; hygiene assessments, and hand over other household items; reporting of bedroom hardware maintenance; suggestion box for complain and suggestion, etc.∙Access Registration: Register valuables in and out of apartment; realizing of registration of visitor access to apartment; registration of leaving school and return school; score entry for hygiene inspection for each week;registration of borrowing and returning keys; registration of students who return apartment in deep night and registration of violation of monthly electrical usage.∙Logistics Management: Management of the school's apartment information; bedroom management of the apartment; registration for students according to each semester; information release; handle and response for suggestions; process the application of maintenance, etc.∙System Management: User login; modify password; users cancellation from the business system and accommodation cancellation of graduates; apartment information management; basic information of students and apartment administers management, etc.3.2.Learning- Knowledge and Project Material for StudentsStudent should learn knowledge of GUI (Graphic User Interface) and basic JSP development skill. They should master database programming skill and understand how data flows from web pages to data persistence layer and from database to front GUI.3.3.Training- Demonstration of Login Funtion ModuleTeachers should demonstrate in class to explain the design of the web pages through the case of user login function module so that students understand programming ideas and difficulties. Furthermore, students should know project requirements and specific steps through specific teaching. Teachers tell clearly students know specifically how to do, what to do each step, focusing on the difficulties and detailed instructions.3.4.Operating- Implementation of ProjectStudents create a database and relevant table used to store username and password. Then, the front web pages are designed. Database connection is created and tested. Students program with Java language to decide whether the username and password is identical with ones stored in database. Moreover, the management of username and password is programmed in Java. Finally, all these codes are debugged and tested.3.5.Evaluation of Project ResultsStudents submit report of system design with Java code. Evaluation is based primarily overall system design, front web pages style and the quality of the preparation of program code together with the evaluation of teachers and students. Evaluation enables students to have a sense of achievement, inspire students to be interested in developing Java projects.3.6.Conculsion and Extension of ProjectAfter evaluation of project results, teachers should review and summary for the project fruits of students. Teachers and students should discuss project development summary of the valuable experience gained in the process. Teachers should consciously guide students experience that will be applied to the development of other projects. In this way, the innovative capacity of students will be cultivated. Students are encouraged to discuss the difficulties encountered in the project development process and how these difficulties are resolved. In this way, the ability to analyze and solve problems is formed.4.ConclusionAfter long term of exploration and application, LTO teaching approach has achieved very good results in the practice of teaching the course of Open Experiment in our university. General response of students to teacher through LTO teaching method is that students really master the software development method. With the ability of software development, students engage in their own future, full of longing and self-confidence.As a new mode of software engineering discipline, preliminary exploration of the teaching and research project is carried out in the initial experimental course for the Open Experiment. The proposed method encourages more students to participate in courses and stimulates outstanding students to have more developing room. At the same time, the students are led to closely track the up-to-date technology, inspired to research knowledge in-depth. Furthermore, students could master the technical difficulties and hot.The values of application and promotion of LTO teaching method are explained as follows. Flexibility in the actual teaching for students of different levels and abilities can result in stimulating outstanding students to drive all the students. The proposed approach focuses on practical ability. Teaching goes out of the classroom and out of school, also reinforces the foundation of ability, paves a variety of platforms and expands learning space.AcknowledgementsThank colleagues for carefully reviewing my work to strengthen and elevate its quality. And thank the University Level Teaching and Research Project Foundation at Zhejiang University of Science and Technology. References[1] C. Rui Hong, et al., "Project-Based Lab Teaching for Power Electronics and Drives," Education, IEEETransactions on, vol. 51, pp. 108-113, 2008.[2] L.-j. Huang, et al., "The application of project management in project-driven teaching model," inEducation Technology and Computer (ICETC), 2010 2nd International Conference on, 2010, pp. V4-91-V4-94.[3] H. B. Christensen and H. Ron, "A case study of horizontal reuse in a project-driven organisation," inSoftware Engineering Conference, 2000. APSEC 2000. Proceedings. Seventh Asia-Pacific, 2000, pp.292-298.[4] E. Shiokova and S. Tzanova, "Innovations in Bulgarian higher education in electronics throughdevelopment of a simulation-based, project driven learning environment," in Frontiers in Education Conference, 1998. FIE '98. 28th Annual, 1998, pp. 737-741 vol.2.[5] R. L. Kolar and D. A. Sabatini, "Coupling team learning and computer technology in project-drivenundergraduate engineering education," in Frontiers in Education Conference, 1996. FIE '96. 26th Annual Conference., Proceedings of, 1996, pp. 172-175 vol.1.[6] D. Wan and K. Gao, "Research on Project-Driven Teaching of Construction Engineering ManagementBased on Cognitive Theory," in Computer Sciences and Convergence Information Technology, 2009.ICCIT '09. Fourth International Conference on, 2009, pp. 1362-1366.[7] L. Zhen, et al., "Practice of Actual Project Driven Teaching Model on Software Engineering Major," inInformation Engineering and Computer Science, 2009. ICIECS 2009. International Conference on, 2009, pp. 1-4.[8] Y. Jiang and L. Shen, "Development of embedded experiment platform on robot project-driven," in E-Health Networking, Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (EDT), 2010 International Conference on, 2010, pp. 129-132.[9] Y. Mei and J. Yanjing, "The application of project-driven method in Information system Departmentprofessional practical teaching," in Educational and Information Technology (ICEIT), 2010 International Conference on, 2010, pp. V2-395-V2-398.[10] A. J. Araujo and J. C. Alves, "A project driven digital design course using FPGAs," in EAEEIE AnnualConference, 2008 19th, 2008, pp. 42-47.。

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I.J. Education and Management Engineering 2012, 3, 14-24Published Online March 2012 in MECS ()DOI: 10.5815/ijeme.2012.03.03Available online at /ijemeCorpus-based Study on Cultural Values in EFL Coursebooks fromthe Perspective of Social RolesQiuhong Hu a,*a Library, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, ChinaAbstractThe present study makes a comparison of social roles reflected in two series of EFL coursebooks published before and after a new round of curriculum reform started from 2001 in China by means of corpus. The purpose is to explore the cultural values embedded in EFL coursebooks, particularly shown in three aspects of social roles, namely gender, race and age. The results show that after the curriculum reform there are some obvious changes of EFL coursebooks in presenting social roles, but there is still room for further improvement.Index Terms: Social Roles; Cultural Values; EFL Coursebooks; Corpus© 2012 Published by MECS Publisher. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of the International Conference on E-Business System and Education Technology1.IntroductionEnglish Curriculum Standard for Senior High School (henceforth The New Curriculum) [1] in China lists five curriculum objectives, i.e. language skills, language knowledge, affect and attitude, learning strategies and cultural consciousness. The incorporation of cultural consciousness into The New Curriculum for the first time as one of the five teaching objectives distinctly reveals the essentiality and significance of cultural content in foreign language teaching and learning. Some scholars have also emphasized the value of culture in foreign language teaching and learning.According to Joiner [2], the coursebook is perhaps the most single influential cultural carrier. Heusinkveld [3] believes that culture is the key to sound and solid language learning. Since culture plays such an important role in foreign language learning, the evaluation of its content in coursebooks can not be ignored. However, the situation is not always satisfying, just as what Richards [4] argues, ―They (textbooks) may distort content. Textbooks often present an idealized view of the world or fail to represent real issues.‖ Moreover, Cunningsworth [5] stresses that, ―If they have any subject content, coursebooks will directly or ind irectly communicate series of social and cultural values which are inherent in their make-up. This is the so-called ‗hidden curriculum‘ which forms part of any educational program.‖ In other words, while learning the explicit cultural content in EFL coursebooks, the young learners consciously or unconsciously accept its influence and implication with their cultural psychology accumulated. But if misrepresented or distorted cultural content appear, they may acquire negative attitudes toward the people who speak a foreign language or toward foreign * Corresponding author:E-mail address: *qiuhonghqh@language itself, which has been shown to affect the success of language learning in a person from school age on up[6][7].In view of these, the present study plans to take social roles as the starting point so as to reveal the underlying cultural values in EFL coursebooks. Just like what Popenoe [8] suggests, most values as one component of culture are closely tied to the social roles people play and Zhu [9] also proposes that one important symbol to reveal values is the exposure of social roles and its extent. By analyzing and comparing the cultural contents in EFL coursebooks published before and after the curriculum reform starting from 2001, the present study tries to answer a general question, i.e. what changes take place in presenting social roles between these two series of coursebooks.2.Literature ReviewDespite the significant influence of cultural values in EFL coursebooks on language learning and teaching, there are not quite many studies conducted to examine cultural content of EFL senior high coursebooks, especially from the perspective of social roles. The literature review reveals that studies about culture abroad are rich, including Yilmaz [10], Super [11], Dominguez [12], Otlowski [13], Candlin et al. [14] etc., whereas at home relevant studies appear late. Most of them focus their attention on college or junior college coursebooks [15] [16] [17] and seldom touch upon middle school ones. However, there are many scholars who have offered detailed evaluation checklists and done the research at a micro level [5] [18] [19]. They all hold that fairness, diversity and objectiveness can be treated as important criteria for the evaluation of social roles, which will be also applied for the present study.The studies based on the means of corpus at home are even fewer, such as He [20], Xie [21] and the paper published by the author [22]. Actually there are some studies done abroad about teaching materials by means of corpus [23] [24], etc. Corand [25] points out that one trend of the development in coursebook discourse research is to analyze the educational function of coursebook words, especially the underlying teaching ideology in language education by means of corpus and its research tools, which places emphasis on empirical study and combines the process of ―quantitative+ qualitative +explanatory‖ together. Consequently, corpus will be adopted as the major research tool for the examination of words in the present study.3.Research Method and Procedure3.1.Selecting Two Mini-corpora of CoursebookIn current study a comparison will be made between two series of senior high coursebooks published by People‘s Education Press. One is Senior English for China (SEFC) published before the curriculum reform and the other is New Senior English for China (NSEC) published after the curriculum reform. Although the two series of coursebooks have different book numbers, i.e. 11 and 6, they are comparable in the present study in the following aspects: (1) both of them are EFL coursebooks for high school learners, (2) the entire length of studying time for both of them lasts for three years, (3) their total number of word tokens is close to each other with 298,083:262,616.3.2.Setting up Research FrameworkBased on the above mentioned studies, a research framework for the present study will be set up. It is developed from two aspects: research target and research methodology. The former is carried out from three dimensions: gender, race and age. The latter includes content analysis and linguistic analysis. The subcategories and criteria used to investigate the research targets are specified below. They are developed on the basis of The New Curriculum [1], Cunningsworth‘s checklist [5] and Candlin et al.‘s guideline [14], and are revised according to the research content of the present study.1)GenderOxford Advanced Learner’s English–Chinese Dictionary (4th edition) [26] defines gender as a term used to classify sex. However, in coursebooks there are some people who appear with no explicit implication for their gender, so these people will be categorized as unidentified. Therefore, three gender categories are used: male, female, and unidentified.As for the criteria for evaluation, it is assumed that after the curriculum reform, (1) the gap between male and female in terms of frequency should be reduced, (2) the gap between male and female in terms of contribution should be reduced, (3) the gap between male and female in terms of occupation types should be reduced, (4) the description of male and female personal attributes should be closer to reality. In other words, the occurrences of males and females, celebrities, occupations, generic nouns and adjectives around the character names will be examined.2)RaceRace applies to a wide variety of human categories, including people with roughly similar physical features, nationality and even the entire human species [27]. As far as the present study is concerned, people‘s different nationalities will be applied for investigating race. Country or city names in coursebooks are helpful for the identification of their origins.The criteria for race are shown as follows and it is assumed that after the curriculum reform, (1) characters from different nationalities are shown to be more diverse, (2) the descriptions of celebrities‘ working areas from five major English speaking countries are more diverse.3)AgeThree age groups are adopted here according to Ihm‘s classification: child, adult and elderly [28]. The criteria for age are shown below and it is assumed that after the curriculum reform, (1) the distribution of the three age groups tends to be more child-focused, (2) child group and elderly group are shown to be more active. In other words, the proportion of different age groups and dynamic verbs around the names of child and the elderly groups will be examined.3.3.Retrieving Data from Coursebook CorporaThe corpus tool used in the present study is Antconc1, which is a data-retrieving tool with many functions like concordance, collocates and keyword list etc. In consideration of others‘ research and the purpose of the present one, character names are chosen as the starting point and research keywords, which can best represent a concrete person. Every time a new person appears, some relevant and detailed information about his or her gender, race or age may also come around him or her, which can be taken advantage of for further analysis.4.Results and Discussionparison of Exposure of Gender1)Proportion of male and female charactersTABLE 1 shows the results. The total number of named characters after the curriculum reform has increased from 509 to 880, especially the number of named female characters has risen visibly from 150 to 283, and the proportion of male and female characters in NSEC (53%:32%) comes closer than in SEFC (54%:30%). The changes in number reveal that more female characters have emerged and coursebooks are trying to create an objective and real world.1 AntConc3.2.Ow.beta3 windows. 2006. Anthony, L. School of Science and Engineering, Wesada University, JapanTABLE 2 shows that NSEC has greatly increased the total number of celebrities compared with SEFC (126:41). The number of both male and female celebrities has also largely increased, especially the females (26:4). It indicates the changes of women status and their remarkable achievements in reality are noticed by coursebooks, and are reflected in it, though the proportion between males and females (79%:21%) in NSEC are still far from being balanced.TABLE 3 shows the detailed information about female celebrity arrangement with the development of times. In SEFC, there are only one Chinese female (Yang Liping) and three historical foreign celebrities, i.e. Marie Curie, Helen Keller and Candice Bergen. However, in NSEC, not only the number of female characters increases, but also characters living in different times.Table 1.Table 2.Table 3.All the occupations in each series of coursebooks are grouped into four major types as is shown in TABLE 4. It is found that almost all the four occupation types have been extended after the curriculum reform for both males and females, and the administrative and technological ones taken by females have visibly increased from 3 to 6 and 16 to 20. The changes reveal that jobs considered to be men-dominated in the past are also undertaken by more and more women. Moreover, men also begin to do physical and serving jobs that are assumed to be mostly undertaken by women in the past.Table 4.Table 5.4)Generic nounsIn order to investigate more clearly how gender-related words are employed in target coursebooks, generic nouns and phrases indicating both male and female will be examined. Meanwhile, since it is often the case that those male-oriented nouns are often used to represent both genders (such as sportsman for sportsperson), female-oriented non-generic nouns are also investigated. The results are summarized in TABLE 5. NSEC has almost covered the words in SEFC except salespeople. Firstly, the types of generic nouns in NSEC are morediverse than in SEFC (16>9). It has added new types of words from different social area including working place and sports, such as chair /spokes /sportsperson.Such change implies that coursebooks have begun to make use of more kinds of generic nouns to appropriately represent people whose genders are not specified. With regard to female-oriented nouns, the word types increase from 5 to 12. There are not only women from different nationalities, but also business woman,sportswoman, policewoman and so on, which authentically reflect women from different social groups.5)Portrayal of males and femalesAll the adjectives collocating with male and female character names are grouped into three categories, i.e.Appearance, Character and Social status. In order to more clearly reveal the changes of portraying male and female features, each category in two series of coursebooks is further classified according to their semantic differences with a slash separating them. The results are shown in TABLE 6. The word types in the three categories for males and females in NSEC have outnumbered the ones in SEFC (23>11, 21>16…63>39, 51>26), especially female-related adjectives (21>16, 20>7, 10>3), which reveals that wider and various human characteristics have been presented and female ones are enhanced. Meanwhile, the differences between male and female in the new coursebooks have also been reduced (23:21, 23:20, and 17:10), which shows that both male and female have been treated more fairly and diversely in personality description. The concrete examples further elaborate the changes. Under the category of Appearance, NSEC has enriched the description of both males and females. As for the adjectives under the category of Character, three semantic characteristics have been identified, i.e. positive, neutral and negative.Table 6.Both male and female features in NSEC have covered all these three aspects, whereas SEFC only part of them. With regard to Social status, characters are divided into two types: prominent and common. Compared with SEFC, males in NSEC are not only successful, famous, rich, but also unimportant and insignificant, which breaks the old tradition that most of the outstanding persons are men. At the same time, females turn to be bothprominent (e.g. successful, remarkable and excellent) and common (e.g.poor). These changes show that a more balanced and authentic male and female world is being built up.Table 7.4.2.Exposure of Race1)Variety of different nationalitiesIn order to identify different characters‘ nationalities, words indicating the country or city that people come from or their origins are examined and classified in the form of country names (see TABLE 7). In SEFC, people from 16 countries are presented, while in NSEC, there are 25, in which people from Asian and African countries are also mentioned. These changes manifest that characters from more diverse nationalities have emerged and the coursebooks are gradually transmitting real world culture to EFL learners.2)Celebrities from major English speaking countriesIn order to uncover whether there are diverse and rich descriptions of different celebrities from English speaking countries and their achievements, names of celebrities are reclassified according to their origins, including America, Great Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. As shown in TABLE 8, it is observed that the total number of celebrities from major English speaking countries after the curriculum reform largely increases from 22 to 73. The proportion imbalance among these five countries is also decreased after the curriculum reform (41%, 55%, 3%, 1%, 0 : 73%, 27%, 0, 0, 0) and celebrities from America are no longer the most prominent group in coursebooks. The changes indicate that coursebooks are trying to display a comparatively diverse and objective picture of celebrities from English speaking countries.3)Portrayal of characters from different nationalitiesIn order to investigate whether the coursebooks have elaborated celebrities from different working areas, occupation nouns collocating with the names of celebrities from English speaking countries are examined. TABLE 9 shows the results.First of all, named celebrities from three countries, i.e. America, Great Britain and Canada are mentioned in NSEC, whereas in SEFC characters from only America and GreatBritain are presented. Secondly, the concrete occupational areas that are displayed in new coursebooks have also extended. In SEFC, celebrities from the areas of art, medicine, science, politics, journalism and navigation are presented. However, NSEC has newly added the areas of sports and literature.4.3.Exposure of Age1)Proportion of different age groupsWith regard to age, it is observed from TABLE 10 that the number of characters in different age groups have greatly increased after the curriculum reform (69>20, 323>154, 31>17), especially the child groups rise obviously from 20 to 69. It means that more and more named characters from different age levels have appeared and the child group depicted under such a real context is shown to be more authentic.2)Portrayal of different age groupsAs far as lexical meaning is concerned, verbs can be divided into two aspects: static and dynamic [29]. Since both child and elderly groups are required to need not only protection and care, but also to be active, all the dynamic verbs are the chief concern here. Based on different lexical meanings, dynamic verbs can be further divided into five kinds: momentary verbs, activity verbs, process verbs, transitional verbs and verbs of bodily sensation. TABLE 11 shows the results. All the words are alphabetically listed for the sake of easy comparison. Table 8.Table 9.Table 10.Table 11.NSEC has enriched the description of children‘s actions by using more kinds of verbs, especially activity verbs. Although it seems that both of the two series of coursebooks have covered the momentary, activity and process actions of children, the verb types and meanings in NSEC are much richer than the ones in SEFC. For example, in SEFC activity verbs are mainly involved with people‘s communication like say, said, talking, etc., whereas in NSEC, they not only talk, but also attended activities, laugh, perform something, study and write, etc.Considering elderly group, their actions after the curriculum reform are also enriched, particularly from the respect of activity verbs.5.ConclusionsConcerning gender NSEC after the curriculum reform has made certain progress in the arrangement of occupation, the usage of generic-nouns and the portrayal of personal attributes. In order to fulfill the aim of presenting a fair and authentic description about characters with different genders, the distribution of male and female characters and celebrities could be further improved. The results for race in terms of nationality reveal that certain progress has been achieved and further improvements can be made from the distribution and depiction of celebrities from English speaking countries. The proportion of child group has increased after the curriculum reform and can be further enhanced. Child and elderly groups are shown to be more active after than before the curriculum reform.On the whole, the EFL coursebooks have made some progress in presenting social roles in terms of gender, race and age after the curriculum reform, and there is still room for improvement.References[1]Educational Bureau. ―English Curriculum Standard for Senior High School ((Experimental Draft)‖ (inChinese). Beijing: People‘s Education Press, 2003.[2]Joiner, E. ―Evaluating the cultural content of foreign language texts‖. The modern language journal, 1974,(58), 242-244.[3]Heusinkveld，P. ―Pathways to Culture‖. Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press, 1997.[4]Richards, J. C. ―The role of textbooks in a language program‖. 2008, available [online].br/nroutes/nr17/pgnr17_10.htm.[5]Cunningsworth, A. ―Choosing Your Coursebook‖. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language EducationPress, 2002.[6]Brown, D. H. ―Teaching by Principles‖. San Francisco: State University, 2001.[7]Gardner, R.C. ―Social Psychology and Second Language Learning: the Role of Attitudes and Motivation‖.London: London Edward Arnold & Co, 1985.[8]Popenoe, D. ―Sociology‖. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1993.[9]Zhiyong, Zhu. ―Study on mainland and Taiwan Chinese textbooks of junior middle school in terms ofsocial roles‖. Comparative Education Research (in Chinese), 1998, (5), 39-43.[10]Yilmaz, C. ―The contribution of selecting and evaluating textbooks to language teaching and learning inEFL classroom‖. Kastamonu Education Journal, 2005, 13(1), 265-272.[11]Super, A. ―A Corpus-based approach to ESL: textbook and materials development and evaluation‖.Michigan State University, 2004.[12]Dominguez, L. M. ―Gender Textbook Evaluation‖. University of Birmingham, 2003.[13]Otlowski, M. ―Ethnic diversity and gender bias in EFL textbook‖. 2008, available [online]n-efl//june-03-mo.pdf.[14]Candlin, C et al. ―Final Report: Research on Content Analysis of Textbooks & Teaching Materials inRespect of Stereotypes‖. Hong Kong: Center for English Language Education & Communication Research, City University of Hong Kong, 2001.[15]Chao, Li. ―On the treatment of culture-related content in college EFL textbook—A case study on CollegeEnglish(new)‖. Jiangsu University, 2007.[16]Lu, Lu. ―S tereotype in English teaching materials‖. Data of Culture and Education (in Chinese), 2006,(31), 115-117.[17]Yunxia, Li. ―Analysis on gender in teaching materials published before and after the new curriculumreform‖(in Chinese). Capital Normal University, 2006.[18]Sheldon, L. E. ―Evaluating ELT textbooks and materials‖. ELT Journal, 1988, 42(4), 237-246.24Corpus-based Study on Cultural Values in EFL Coursebooks from the Perspective of Social Roles[19]Balazs. S. L. ―Culture in language textbooks: criteria for evaluation and their application to five Russianlanguage textbooks‖. University of Alberta , 1998.[20]Anping, He. ―C orpus-based analysis on EFL textbooks‖. Curriculum, Teaching Material and Method (inChinese), 2007, (3), 44-49.[21]Jiacheng, Xie. ―A corpus-based evaluation of vocabulary in English textbooks for secondary school‖.South China Normal University, 2007.[22]Qiuhong, Hu & Anping, He. ―A nalysis on cultural values in EFL coursebooks from the respect ofgender‖ (in Chinese). English Teaching and Research Notes, 2008, (5), 4-7.[23]Ljung, M. ―A Study of TEFL Vocabulary‖. Sweden: Graphic systems A B, Stockholm, 1990.[24]Biber, D. S. et al. ―Representing Language Use in the University: Analysis of the TOEFL 2000 Spokenand Written Academic Language Corpus. Princeton‖. NJ: ETS, 2004.[25]Corand, S. ―Corpus linguistics approach for discourse analysis‖. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics,2002, (22), 75-99.[26]―Oxford Advanced Learner‘s English–Chinese Dictionary (4th edition)‖.The Commercial Press &Oxford University Press, 1997.[27]Marger, M. N. ―Social Inequality‖. California: Mayfield Publishing Company, 1999.[28]Ihm，J. H. ―A study of the cultural content of illustrations in selected elementary school‖. TheUniversity of Georgia, 1996.[29]Banghai, Tang & Qi, Xiong. ―T he usage and meaning of English static and dynamic verbs‖. ForeignLanguage Research (in Chinese), 1989, (47), 27-33.。

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A 2Hydraulic Pump Selection TableANACHI Hydraulic Pumps.24Pump TypeNameType Classifi-cationRated PressurepsiDisplacement cu in / revPageV a r i a b l e p i s t o n p u m p sV a r i a b l e d i s c h a r g e v o l u m e v a n e p u m p sPVS series variable piston pump PVS 3000300030003000101510152030101587087020301015116036253045Uni-pumpUPV PZS series variable piston pumpPZS PZ load-sensitive variable piston pumpPZ VDS series compact variable vane pump VDS Uni-pumpUSV VDR13 design series variable vane pump VDR Uni-pumpUVD VDR22 design series variable vane pump VDR Uni-pumpUVD VDC series high-pressure variable vane pump VDC Uni-pumpUVN series variable vane uni-pump UVN UVC A-3A-19A-22A-35B-1B-4B-6B-12B-15B-22B-25B-37B-39C-1C-14IPH series IP pump IPH IPH series double IP pumpIPH.12 .30 .61 1.2 3.0 6.1 12.2 30.5 61.0 122.0 305.21.212.742.742.56 13.413.4.48.18 .5.18 .5.24 1.69.3 2.7.3.3 5.421.592.0.21 7.68.43 15.36.49.3 2.01.69Design No. 30 is applied on PVS-0B to make the pump more compact and lighter, and reduce noise.Silent Type That DemonstratesA Piston Pumps• Caution at Startup NACHI-proprietaryBefore you start pump operation, fill thepump body with clean hydraulic operatingfluid via the lubrication port.An unload is required when the motor isstarted under condition WYE.Delta Start.Consult your agent regarding the circuit.Make sure that the pump operates in thedirection of rotation the same as thatindicated by the arrow on the pump body.Air entering the pump or pipes maycause noise or vibration. At startup, setthe pump discharge side to a no-loadstate, and operate the pump in theinching mode to release any air in thepump or pipes.Provide an air bleed valve in circuitswhere it is difficult to release air atstartup.• How to Set Pressure and DischargeVolumeThe default pump discharge volume isset to "maximum" and default dischargepressure is set to "minimum". Changethe discharge volume and dischargepressure settings according to yourparticular operating conditions.Model No.Injection amount cu inPVS-0B-813PVS-1B-16, 2218PVS-2B-35, 453912345CWCCWPressureadjustment rangeDischargevolumeDischargevolumeDischargevolumeadjustmentrangeCWCCWPressurePressure[Pressure adjustment]Turning the pressureadjusting screw CWincreases the pressure.[Discharge volumeadjustment]Turning the flowrate adjusting screwCW decreases thedischarge volume.Note:between flow rate adjustment length l andpump capacity q, see the tables providedin the installation dimension drawings foreach of the pumps.finished adjustments.Note:• Variable control mechanismStandard TypeN* Pressure compensation type(manual mode)Option typeP* Pressure compensation type(remote control mode)R Load SenseN*Q* 2-pressure, 2-flow rate controlSolenoid cutoff control2-pressure control2-pressure, 2-flow ratecontrol w/ solenoid cutoff2-cutoff control• * : Pressure adjustment range0 : 286 - 5001 : 286 - 10002 : 429 - 20003 : 429 - 3000• : Applicable to solenoid specifications A, SA : SA-G01S : SS-G011 : 100V 50/60Hz2 : 200V 50/60Hz3 : DC12V4 : DC24VR*W*RQ*C*ASASASAS*******Design No. 30: PVS-0B12: PVS-1B, PVS-2B (BSPT piping)E13: PVS-1B, PVS-2B (SAE piping)E20: PVS-2B -45N3Explanation of Model No.122N16B1––––PVS*()Auxiliary Symbol None: Side port typeZ: Axial port typePressure Adjustment Range [Note] ReferenceVariable Control Mechanism [Note] ReferenceMax. Pump Capacity (cm³/rev)Nominal 8, 16, 22, 35, 45Mounting MethodB: Mounting flange type A: Mounting foot typePump Size 0,1,2PVS Series Variable Piston Pumpt available for the PVS-1B- -Z and PVS-2B- -Z.16223545N2: 429-2000psiDischargevolumeDischargevolumeDischargevolumeDischargevolumeDischargevolumeDischargevolumeDischargevolume[Example 1]N*: Pressurecompensation type(manual mode)PVS-1B-16N2P2: 429-2000psi[Example 2]P*: Pressurecompensation type(remote control mode)PVS-1B-16P2P2: 429-2000psisol"ON"[Example 4]R*S*: Solenoidcutoff controlPVS-1B-16R2S2Solenoid specifications120V 50/60HzSS-G01W2: 429-2000psisol"ON"[Example 5]W*S*: 2-pressure controlPVS-1B-16W2S1Solenoid specifications120V 50/60HzSS-G01N2: 429-2000psiQ1: 290-1000psiDischarge pressure[Example 3]N*Q*: 2-pressure,2-flow rate controlPVS-1B-16N2Q1R2: 429-2000psisol"ON"Discharge pressureDischarge pressureDischarge pressureDischarge pressureDischarge pressure[Example 6]RQ*S*: 2-pressure,2-flow rate control w/solenoid cutoffPVS-1B-16RQ2S1Solenoid specifications120V 50/60HzSS-G01C2: 429-2000psisol"ON"Discharge pressure[Example 7]C*S*:2-cutoff controlPVS-1B-16C2S2Solenoid specifications120V 50/60HzSS-G01A 4Variable Control MechanismsAPiston PumpsS t a n d a r d t y p eO p t i o n t y p eSymbolExternal ViewCharacteristics Hydraulic CircuitExplanationNNACHIDrain portPressureadjusting screwFlow rateadjusting screwD i s c h a r g e v o l u m eDischarge pressureM **Discharge portSuction portDrain portPNACHIDrain port Flow rateadjusting screwPilot portDifferential pressureadjusting screw(adjustment forbidden)D i s c h a r g e v o l u m eDischarge pressureM **PilotportDischarge portSuction port Drain portNQNACHIP1 pressure adjusting screwq1 flow rate adjusting screwq2 flow rate adjusting screwP2 pressure adjusting screwDrain port q 2q 1P1P2D i s c h a r g e v o l u m eDischarge pressureM N **Discharge portSuction port Drain portRS (RA)SOL bNACHIDrain portPressureadjusting screw (at solenoid ON)Flow rateadjusting screwSOL "OFF"SOL "ON"D i s c h a r g e v o l u m eDischarge pressureM **Discharge portSuction port Drain port WS (WA)NACHIDrain portPressureadjusting screw (at solenoid OFF)Flow rateadjusting screwPressureadjusting screw (at solenoid ON)SOL bSOL "OFF"P1P2SOL "ON"D i s c h a r g e v o l u m eDischarge pressureM **Discharge portSuction port Drain portRQS (RQA)SOL bNACHIDrain portP1 pressure adjusting screwP2 pressure adjusting screw (at solenoid ON)q1 flow rate adjusting screwq2 flow rate adjusting screw P2q1q2P1SOL OFFSOL ON D i s c h a r g e v o l u m eDischarge pressure **0MNDischarge portSuction port DrainportCS (CA)NACHIDrain port P2 pressure adjusting screwq1 flow rate adjusting screwq2 flow rate adjusting screwDifferential pressure adjusting screw(adjustment forbidden)q1q2P1P2SOL OFF SOL OND i s c h a r g e v o l u m eDischarge pressure**M N Discharge portSuction port Drain port Note 1:Many other variable control mechanism are also available in addition to those in the above table. Please consult your agent for details.Note 2: We recommend ZR-T02-*-5895* as the remote control valve. For details, consult your agent. Prevent the pipe volume up to the remote control valve from falling below 10 cu in.Pressure compensation type (manual system)When the discharge pressure reaches the preset volume set by the pressure compen-sator, the discharge volume is automatically reduced to hold the pressure at the set pressure.Pressure compensation type (remote control mode)This mode demonstrates the same characteristics as the manual mode.The discharge pressure can be adjusted by external pilot pressure. The discharge volume can be adjusted manually.2-pressure, 2-flow rate control typeThe discharge volume changes in two stages by the pump's built-in sequence valve. This allows conventional high/ low pressure control to beperformed on a single pump unit, and save energy in the hydraulic circuit.Solenoid cutoff control type A solenoid valve for unload is integrated into the pressure compensation type to minimize energy loss when pump output is not required. Only a slight amount of heat is generated.2-pressure control typeTwo pressure compensation types can be obtained by switching the solenoid valve ON/OFF. Two types of output control are possible with the actuator set to a constant speed.2-pressure, 2-flow rate control type w/ solenoid cutoffThe discharge volume can be changed in two stages by the sequencer valve and solenoid valve for unload mounted on the pump, and unloading is possible when pressure oil is not required.2-cutoff control typeTwo types of pressure - flow rate characteristics can be obtained by the solenoid valve and cylinder mounted on the pump.NACHIDrain port Flow rateadjusting screwLoad sense Differential pressureadjusting screw (adjustment forbidden)D i s c h a r g e v o l u m eDischarge pressureM **PilotportDischarge portSuction port DrainportLoad sense typeThis mode demonstrates the same characteristics as the manual mode.The discharge pressure can be adjusted by external pilot pressure. The discharge volume can be adjusted manually.Note 2)RA 5A Piston PumpsPressure Compensation Type Manual Mode: Standard Type2 Bolt SAE A MountPVS-0B-8N*-30Installation Dimension DrawingCross-Sectional DrawingPressure Compensation TypeSuction portSAE 3/4Lubrication port29491147127773110130R46106.453.2Discharge portSAE 1/219.521.282.6–.36–.71–0.01214278525.442.5Key width 4.76Pressure compensatorMINDrain portSAE 3/8Lock nutDischarge portLock nut164.5(MAX)(flow rateadjustmentlength)1861449.5214( MAX)510Flow rateadjusting screwPressureadjusting screwSAE 1/211149.5127.5.39.61.48.36.24.12.18.59.19P VS-0B-8N*-30cuin/revPVS-0B-8N*-30Pumpcapacityqcuin/revFlow rate adjustment length in.Set a flow rate adjustment length withinthe above range. Oil will leak if the pumpis operated below the adjustment rangelower limit.Part No.Part Name Part No.Part Name Part No.Part Name1234567891011121314BodyCaseShaftCylinder barrelValve platePistonShoeShoe holderBarrel holderSwash plateThrust bushSpring holderGasketSpring C1516171819202122232425262728Spring SControl pistonGuide pinParallel keyRetainerNeedleBall bearingNeedle bearingOil sealSnap ringSnap ringSnap ringO-ringO-ring293031323334353637383940Parallel pinSpring pinHexagon socket head boltCross-recessed countersunkhead screwHexagon socket setscrewHexagon nutHexagon plugMetal plugNameplateLubrication port plateCAUTION plateRivetParts marked by an asterisk "*"are not available on the market.Consult your agent.PartNo.Part Name Q'tyPVS-0B-8Size Remarks13Packing1PSC46-100000 3 Bond23Oil seal1TCV-254511N.O.K27O-ring11B-P9JIS B 240128O-ring11B-P11JIS B 2401*Typical characteristics at hydraulic operating fluid kinematic viscosity of 32 centistokes Discharge volume QVolume efficiency vOverall efficiencyInput Lin–1–1–1–12000100050604.03.73.43.285.42.7708090100Discharge pressure P psiGeneral Performance3000Input LinDrai n vo lum e D RDis ch ar ge vo lum e Q–1–1–1–10.51.16423.73.2Discharge pressure P psiPressure - DischargeVolume Characteristics–1–1–1–12.72.01.30.7Full cutoff pressure psiAxial Input at Full Cutoff50608070Discharge pressure P psiAt full cutoffMeasurement position: 1m rear of pumpNoise CharacteristicsQ=3.8r/minQ=3.2r/minQ=2.6r/minQ=2.1r/minQ=1.6r/min1.32.79.48.06.75.44.0Discharge pressure P psiAxial Input–1Efficiency,v%DischargevolumeQgpmInputLinhpInputLinhpDischargevolumeQgpmDrainvolumeDRgpmAxialInputhpAxialinputatfullcutoffhpNoiseleveldB(A)200010003000200010003000200010003000200010003000Seal Kit Part No. PSS-100000A 6APiston PumpsInstallation Dimension DrawingPVS-1B-16N*-(Z)-E1322SAE A Mount (side port type)(Axial Port Type)Parts marked by an asterisk "*" are not available on the market.Consult your agent.List of Sealing Parts (Kit Model Number PSS-101000-2A)Part No.Part Name Part No.Part Name 123456789101112131415161718192021Body Case ShaftCylinder barrel Valve plate Piston ShoeShoe holder Barrel holder Swash plate Thrust bush Seal holder Gasket Spring C Spring SControl piston Needle Key NutRetainer Plug2223242526272829303132333435363738394041Ball bearing Needle bearing Oil seal Snap ring Snap ring Snap ring O-ring O-ring O-ring PinHexagon socket head bolt Cross-recessed coun-tersunk head screw Hexagon socket set screw Metal plug Nameplate CAUTION plate Spring holderLubrication port plate Rivet Guide pinPart No.Name Q'ty Size Remarks 13Gasket 1PS46-101000Nihon Gasket24Oil seal 1TCN-254511N.O.K 28O-ring 11B-G55JIS B 240129O-ring 11B-P9JIS B 240130O-ring11B-P14JIS B 2401Lubrication portDischarge port Code 61 - 3/4Suction port Code 61 - 1106.4130738842124NACHI4-M10X162412.5158.522±0.2181.555237(MAX)Flow rateadjustment length 19.0521.2Flow rateadjusting screw82.6––Key width4.760–0.012525.4649.543–0.036–0.071(MIN)Drain port SAE 3/877.523rPressureadjusting screw NACHISAE 3/84.760–0.0124-M10X164-M10X16Code 61 - 3/4Code 61 - 1525.412.5649.577.555237(MAX)42.523(MIN)183.5106.41305273884282137303011052.4±0.247.5±0.2120r19.0521.282.6–0.036–0.07122±0.226.2±0.2(suction port 24 mm dia.)(discharge port 24 mm dia.)Flow rateadjusting screwFlow rateadjustment length Drain port Pressureadjusting screwKey widthPressure compensatorLubrication port.19 .39 .59.611.2Flow rate adjustment length l in1.8.781.01.3.42.30Flow rate adjustment rangeFlow rate adjustment rangeRelationship between flow rate adjustment length (l ) and pump capacity (q)P u m p c a p a c i t y q c u i n /r e v*Cross-Sectional DrawingSet a flow rate adjustment length within the above range. Oil will leak if the pump is operated below the adjustment range lower limit.A 7200010003000200010003000A 8APiston PumpsPerformance CurvesTypical characteristics at hydraulic operating fluid kinematic viscosity of 32 centistokesPVS-1B-16N*-(Z)-E13Discharge volume QDischarge volume QVolume efficiency vOverall efficiencyInput Lin–1–1–1–12000100005040607.97.416.110.713.45.32.68.00708090100Discharge pressure P psi General Performance3000Input LinDra in vo lum e D R–1–1–1–10.51.116.110.75.307.47.9Discharge pressure P psi Pressure - Discharge Volume Characteristics–1–1–1–12.72.01.30.70Full cutoff pressure psi Axial Input at Full Cutoff0608070Discharge pressure P psiAt full cutoffFull cutoff pressure Full cutoff pressure 1000 psi 500 psi T ank capacity 10 galMeasurement position: 1m rear of pumpRevolution speed 1800 min –1Noise CharacteristicsQ=7.9gpm Q=6.6gpm Q=5.3gpm Q=3.9gpm Q=2.6gpm018.716.113.410.78.05.32.6Discharge pressure P psiAxial Input6401357232866850Time HrOil T emperature Rise CharacteristicsPVS-1B-16N1-128E f f i c i e n c y ,v %D i s c h a r g e v o l u m e Q g p m I n p u t L i n h pI n p u t L i n h pA x i a l i n p u t h p D r a i n v o l u m e D R g p mD i s c h a r g e v o l u m e Q g p mA x i a l i n p u t a t f u l l c u t o f f h pN o i s e l e v e l d B (A )T e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e º F Performance CurvesFull cutoff pressure Full cutoff pressure 1000 psi 500 psi Tank capacity 16 galRevolution speed 1800 min –164013572Time Hr8T e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r e n c e º FCurves Typical characteristics at hydraulic operating fluid kinematic viscosity of 32 centistokesPVS-1B-22N*-(Z)-E13005.410.716.1Input Lin605070809010010.69.37.96.621.419.013.48.02.7Discharge pressure P psiOverall efficiency1800min –11500min –1General PerformanceDischarge volume QD i s c h a r g e v o l u m e Q g p mI n p u t L i n h pE f f i c i e n c y ,v %Volume efficiency v5.310.716.1Input Lin10.67.921.41800min –11500min –1Pressure - Flow Rate Characteristics0.51.1Drain volume DRDischarge pressure P psiD i s c h a r g e v o l u m e Q g p mD r a i n v o l u m e D R g p mDischarge volume QI n p u t L i n h p2.700.71.32.0Axial input at full cutoff hpDischarge pressure P psi A x i a l i n p u t a t f u l l c u t o f f h p60508070Noise CharacteristicsMeasurement position: 1m rear of pumpAt full cutoff Discharge pressure P psi N o i s e l e v e l d B (A )19.005.410.716.18.02.713.421.4Axial InputQ=10.6Q=9.3Q=7.9Q=6.6Q=5.3gpm gpm gpm gpm gpmDischarge pressure P psiA x i a l i n p u t h p 20001000300020001000300032866850200010003000200010003000200010003000200010003000200010003000312D 20DA 9APiston PumpsInstallation Dimension DrawingCross-Sectional DrawingPart No.Part Name 123456789101112131415Body Case ShaftCylinder barrel Valve plate Piston ShoeShoe holder Barrel holder Swash plate Thrust bush Seal holder Gasket Spring C Spring SPart No.Part Name 161718192021222324252627282930Control piston Needle Key NutRetainer PlugBall bearing Needle bearing Oil seal Snap ring Snap ring Snap ring O-ring O-ring O-ringPart No.Part Name 31323334353637383940414243Backup ring PinHexagon socket head boltCross-recessed coun-tersunk head screw Flow rate adjust-ing screw Metal plug Nameplate CAUTION plate Spring holder GuideLubrication port plate Orifice RivetList of Sealing Parts (Kit Model Number PSS-102000-2A)Part No.Part Name 12345678910111213141516Body Case ShaftCylinder barrel Valve plate Piston ShoeShoe holder Barrel holder Swash plate Thrust bush Seal holder Gasket Spring C Spring SControl pistonPart No.Part Name 17181920212223242526272829303132Needle Key NutRetainer PlugRoller bearing Needle bearing Oil seal Snap ring Snap ring Snap ring O-ring O-ring O-ringBackup ring PinList of Sealing Parts (Kit Model Number PSBS-102220)Part No.Part Name 333435363738394041424344454647Hexagon socket head boltCross-recessed coun-tersunk head screw Flow rate adjust-ing screw Metal plug Nameplate CAUTION plate Spring holder GuideLubrication port plate Orifice Rivet Orifice Pin O-ring PlugParts marked by an asterisk "*" are not available on the market. Consult your agent.Part No.Part Name Q'ty PVS-2B-35/45Size Remarks 13Gasket 1PS46-102000-0A Nihon Gasket24Oil seal 1TCN-305011Z N.O.K 28O-ring 11B-G70JIS B 240129O-ring 11B-P14JIS B 240130O-ring 11B-P11JIS B 240131Backup ring1T2-P11JIS B 2407Part No.Part Name Q'ty PVS-2B-45N3Size Remarks 13Gasket 1PS46-102000-0A Nihon Gasket 24Oil seal 1TCN-305011Z N.O.K 28O-ring 11B-G70JIS B 240129O-ring 11B-P14JIS B 240130O-ring 11B-P11JIS B 240146O-ring 21B-P5JIS B 240131Backup ring1T2-P11JIS B 2407**Parts marked by an asterisk "*" are not available on the market. Consult your agent.**PVS-2B-35N*-(Z)-E13SAE B Mount45PVS-2B-45N3-(Z)-E13PVS-2B-35N*-(Z)-E1345SAE B Mount (side port type)(axial port type)NACHIPressure adjusting screwLock nut101.653338606192.5152888.5317.5 (MAX)222.569.560 MINrDrain port SAE 1/2Key width 6.3+0.015–0.0104-M10X1626.2±0.2–0.051Flow rateadjustment length Flow rate adjusting screw.79.61Flow rate adjustment length l in1.221.832.443.052.752.14.67 .49.98 1.18 1.38Flow rate adjustment rangeFlow rate adjustment range Relationship between flow rate adjustmentlength (l) and pump capacity (q)P u m p c a p a c i t y q c u i n /r e vNACHIDrain port Lock nut688.569.56060(MIN)SAE 1/2257.5 (MAX)rPressureadjusting screwFlow rateadjustment length Flow rate adjusting screwKey width534386.3–0.010101.6+0.0150–0.05115220.5Set a flow rate adjustment length within the above range. Oil will leak if the pump is operated below the adjustment range lower limit.Pressure compensatorLubrication port1461726513453104172A B cm 3/rev 0.9870.9863545Pressure Range DesignNo.0 to 30 to 20.9990.9980.8750.8740.9990.998312D 20DA B cm 3/rev 0.9870.9863545Pressure RangeDesign No.0 to 30 to 20.9990.9980.8750.8740.9990.998Pressure compensatorLubrication portSuction portDischarge port1441461726545104172-1-11/4-14-M10X1612830.2±0.2373714026.2±0.24-M10X16-11/4(suction port 28 mm dia.)(discharge port 28 mm dia.)Discharge volume QVolume efficiency Overall efficiencyA 10APiston PumpsPerformance CurvesTypical characteristics at hydraulic operating fluid kinematic viscosity of 32 centistokesPVS-2B-35N*-(Z)-E13Performance CurvesPVS-2B-45N*-(Z)-E13Typical characteristics at hydraulic operating fluid kinematic viscosity of 32 centistokesVolume efficiency vOverall efficiencyInput Lin–1–1–1–10 1000 2000 3000506017.515.914.513.240.226.813.4708090100Discharge pressure P psiGeneral PerformanceInput Lin.51.118.515.913.2–1–15.44.02.71.30Full cutoff pressure psiAxial Input at Full Cutoff37.532.226.321.516.110.75.4Discharge pressure P psiAxial InputQ=15.9gpm Q=13.2gpm Q=10.6gpm Q=7.9gpmE f f i c i e n c y ,v %D i s c h a r g e v o l u m e Q g p m I n p u t L i n h pDischarge volume QDR–1–1–1–1Pressure - Discharge Volume CharacteristicsI n p u t L i n h pD r a i n v o l u m e D R g p mD i s c h a r g e v o l u m e Q g p mA x i a l i n p u t h p A x i a l i n p u t a t f u l l c u t o f f h pAt full cutoff60500 1000 2000 30008070Noise CharacteristicsMeasurement position: 1m rear of pumpDischarge pressure psiN o i s e l e v e l d B (A )5060013.426.840.2Input Lin70809010019.821.218.517.2vDischarge volume Q–1General Performance–1Discharge pressure P psiE f f i c i e n c y ,v %D i s c h a r g e v o l u m e Q g p m I n p u t L i n h p18.51.10.5013.426.840.20Pressure - Discharge Volume Characteristics21.215.9Discharge pressure P psiInput LinDischarge volume QDra in v olum e DR–1–1I n p u t L i n h pD r a i n v o l u m e D R g p mD i s c h a r g e v o l u m e Q g p mQ=21.2gpm Q=18.5gpm Q=15.9gpm Q=13.2gpm Q=10.6gpm42.937.532.126.821.516.110.75.4Axial InputDischarge pressure P psiA x i a l i n p u t h pAxial Input at Full Cutoff1.32.74.05.4Full cutoff pressure psiA x i a l i n p u t a t f u l l c u t o f f h p At full cutoff60508070Noise CharacteristicsMeasurement position: 1m rear of pumpDischarge pressure P psiN o i s e l e v e l d B (A )Discharge pressure P psi0 1000 2000 30000 1000 2000 300040.226.813.40 1000 2000 30000 1000 2000 30000 1000 2000 30000 1000 2000 30000 1000 2000 30000 1000 2000 3000A 11APiston PumpsResponse PerformancePressure CompensatorModel No.Response Time (s)Surge Pressure psit 1t 2P SPVS-0B-80.03 to 0.040.04 to 0.061PVS-1B-160.05 to 0.060.07 to 0.081PVS-1B-220.05 to 0.060.07 to 0.081PVS-2B-350.05 to 0.060.05 to 0.071PVS-2B-450.05 to 0.060.05 to 0.071M MPs2000 psi145 psi145 psi FC SOL ONSOL OFFSOL OFFTime s(Q=0)(Q=MAX)Qt1t2T est CircuitPiping volume 29.4 cu inPressure MPaL e g e n dResponse performance changes according to pipe volume and size. Use a surgeless valve to prevent surge pressure.Note: O-ring 1A/B-** refers to JIS B2401-1A/B.List of Sealing PartsPart Q'ty Size For 0B, 1B, 2B 9O-ring 11A-P1410O-ring 31B-P611O-ring11B-P10Part No.Part Name Part No.Part Name 1234567Body Spool Holder Plunger Spring Retainer Pressure adjusting bolt891011121314Nut O-ring O-ring O-ring Plug PlugMounting bolt290 to 580580 to 1000725 to 1160870 to 1300870 to 1300Compensator Part NumbersN0 - PSN-101000 P - ZR-G01-P-E2405CN1 - PSN-101010 R - ZR-G01-R3-E2171BN2 - PSN-101020N3 - PSN-101030Replacement ItemsPVS Rotating GroupPVS-0B-8*E30 PSCG-100000-0F PVS-1B-16*E13 PSG-101100-0A PVS-1B-22*E13 PSG-101200-1E PVS-2B-35*E13 PSG-102100-0A PVS-2B-45*E13 PSG-102200-0APVS-2B-45N3*E20Includes Items 4,5,6 & 7PVS Thrust Plate Item 11PVS-0B-8*E30 PSC69-100000PVS-1B-16*E13 PS69-101000PVS-1B-22*E13 PS69-101000PVS-2B-35*E13 PS69-102000PVS-2B-45*E13PS69-102000。

This Quick Start Reference provides informationon setting up your instrument for basic operation.The latest complete Communication andOperational Manual as well as free Softwareand ActiveX Controls are available at/specs/iseries or on theCD-ROM enclosed with your shipment. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONThe instrument is a panel mount device protected in accordance with EN 61010-1:2001, electrical safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory.Remember that the unit has no power-on switch. Building installation should include a switch or circuit-breaker that must be compliant to IEC 947-1 and 947-3. SAFETY:•Do not exceed voltage rating on the label located onthe top of the instrument housing.•Always disconnect power before changing signal andpower connection.•Do not use this instrument on a work bench withoutits case for safety reasons.•Do not operate this instrument in flammable orexplosive atmospheres.•Do not expose this instrument to rain or moisture.EMC:•Whenever EMC is an issue, always use shielded cables.•Never run signal and power wires in the same conduit.•Use signal wire connections with twisted-pair cables.•Install Ferrite Bead(s) on signal wire close to theinstrument if EMC problems persist.。

Eaton 199167Eaton Moeller® series PKZM0 Transformer-protective circuit-breaker, 0.63 - 1 A, Push in terminalsGeneral specificationsEaton Moeller® series PKZM0Transformer-protective circuit-breaker199167401508197251775 mm109 mm45 mm0.298 kgVDE 0660 IEC/EN 60947PKZM0-1-T-PIProduct Name Catalog NumberEANProduct Length/Depth Product Height Product Width Product Weight Certifications Model CodeTurn button Phase-failure sensitivity (according to IEC/EN 60947-4-1, VDE 0660 Part 102)Transformer protectionFor the protection of transformers with a high inrush current Three-pole100,000 operations 100,000 Operations DIN rail (top hat rail) mounting optional Can be snapped on to IEC/EN 60715 top-hat rail with 7.5 or 15 mm height.40 Operations/h III3Transformer protective circuit breaker Finger and back-of-hand proof, Protection against direct contact when actuated from front (EN 50274)6000 V AC 25 g, Mechanical, according to IEC/EN 60068-2-27, Half-sinusoidal shock 10 ms Also motors with efficiency class IE3-25 - 55 °C, Operating range≤ 0.25 %/K, residual error for T > 40° -5 - 40 °C to IEC/EN 60947, VDE 0660Max. 2000 m1 x (1 - 6) mm²Actuator type FeaturesFunctionsNumber of poles Lifespan, electrical Lifespan, mechanical Mounting MethodMounting positionOperating frequency Overvoltage category Pollution degree Product categoryProtectionRated impulse withstand voltage (Uimp)Shock resistanceSuitable forTemperature compensation Altitude Terminal capacity (flexible)-25 °C55 °C25 °C40 °C40 °C80 °CDamp heat, constant, to IEC 60068-2-78 Damp heat, cyclic, to IEC 60068-2-3018 - 812 mm50 Hz60 Hz1 A0.12 kW0.25 kW690 V690 V1 A60 kA DC, up to 250 V DC, Main conducting paths 20 A, Irm, Setting range max. ± 20% tolerance, Trip blocks Basic device, fixed 20 x Iu, Trip BlocksPush in terminalsAmbient operating temperature - min Ambient operating temperature - max Ambient operating temperature (enclosed) - min Ambient operating temperature (enclosed) - max Ambient storage temperature - min Ambient storage temperature - max Climatic proofingTerminal capacity (solid/stranded AWG)Stripping length (main cable)Rated frequency - min Rated frequency - max Rated operational current (Ie)Rated operational power at AC-3, 220/230 V, 50 Hz Rated operational power at AC-3, 380/400 V, 50 Hz Rated operational voltage (Ue) - min Rated operational voltage (Ue) - max Rated uninterrupted current (Iu)Short-circuit currentShort-circuit releaseConnection Number of auxiliary contacts (change-over contacts)Number of auxiliary contacts (normally closed contacts)Number of auxiliary contacts (normally open contacts)1 A1 AOverload trigger: tripping class 10 A 5.33 W0 W0 W0 WMeets the product standard's requirements.Meets the product standard's requirements.Meets the product standard's requirements.Meets the product standard's requirements.Meets the product standard's requirements.Does not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.Does not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.Meets the product standard's requirements.Does not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.Meets the product standard's requirements.Does not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.Overload release current setting - min Overload release current setting - max Tripping characteristic Equipment heat dissipation, current-dependent PvidHeat dissipation capacity PdissHeat dissipation per pole, current-dependent PvidStatic heat dissipation, non-current-dependent Pvs10.2.2 Corrosion resistance10.2.3.1 Verification of thermal stability of enclosures10.2.3.2 Verification of resistance of insulating materials to normal heat10.2.3.3 Resist. of insul. mat. to abnormal heat/fire by internal elect. effects10.2.4 Resistance to ultra-violet (UV) radiation10.2.5 Lifting10.2.6 Mechanical impact10.2.7 Inscriptions10.3 Degree of protection of assemblies10.4 Clearances and creepage distances10.5 Protection against electric shock10.6 Incorporation of switching devices and componentsEaton Corporation plc Eaton House30 Pembroke Road Dublin 4, Ireland © 2023 Eaton. All rights reserved. Eaton is a registered trademark.All other trademarks areproperty of their respective owners./socialmediaDoes not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.Is the panel builder's responsibility.Is the panel builder's responsibility.Is the panel builder's responsibility.Is the panel builder's responsibility.Is the panel builder's responsibility.The panel builder is responsible for the temperature rise calculation. Eaton will provide heat dissipation data for the devices.Is the panel builder's responsibility. The specifications for the switchgear must be observed.Is the panel builder's responsibility. The specifications for the switchgear must be observed.The device meets the requirements, provided the information in the instruction leaflet (IL) is observed.Save time and space thanks to the new link module PKZM0-XDM32ME Motor Starters in System xStart - brochure Product Range Catalog Switching and protecting motors Switching and protecting motors - catalog DA-DC-00004316.pdf DA-DC-00004885.pdf DA-DC-00004916.pdf eaton-manual-motor-starters-pkzm-pkzm0-dimensions.epsETN.PKZM0-1-T-PI.edzIL122024ZU WIN-WIN with push-in technology motorschutzschalter_bis_32a_pi.dwg pkzm0_pi.stp 10.7 Internal electrical circuits and connections 10.8 Connections for external conductors 10.9.2 Power-frequency electric strength 10.9.3 Impulse withstand voltage 10.9.4 Testing of enclosures made of insulating material 10.10 Temperature rise10.11 Short-circuit rating10.12 Electromagnetic compatibility10.13 Mechanical functionBrochuresCataloguesCertification reports Declarations of conformity DrawingseCAD modelInstallation instructions Installation videosmCAD model。

17-10-30 22:42D a t e o f i s s u e 2017-10-30915548_e n g .x m lConnectionHART field deviceModem Power supplyTest clips across HART device Test clips across load resistorLoad resistor 250 ...1100 Ohm PC or handheld•HART compliant for communication with any HART field device and error-free slave testing•Draws power from USB port, needs no external supply to power modem•Compact, rugged polycarbonate housing for industrial-grade reliability•USB 1.1 compliant•Integrated connector cable terminates in 2 test clips and 1 USB connector cable•Polarity insensitive test clips•Compatible with 32- and 64-bit Windows® 7, 8, XP, 10, or VistaApplicationThe Viator® USB HART Interface provides a flexible PC communication link to HART networks. It is used to commission, service, calibrate, and acquire data from any HART field device or transmitter. The interface is compact and rugged for field use.Features17-10-30 22:42D a t e o f i s s u e 2017-10-30915548_e n g .x mlSupplyInput current30 mA at 5 V Power supplyPowered by USB port , No external power required InterfaceInterface typeUSB port OutputSignal0.5 ± 0.1 Vpp trapezoidal wave at 1200/2200 Hz, 24 VDC at 40 mA to device Galvanic isolationOutput/interface1500 V DC Directive conformityElectromagnetic compatibilityDirective 2014/30/EUEN 61326-1:2013RoHSDirective 2011/65/EU (RoHS)EN 50581:2012Ambient conditionsOperating temperature-20 ... 50 °C (-4 ... 122 °F)Storage temperature-20 ... 60 °C (-4 ... 140 °F)Relative humidity0 ... 95 % non-condensing Mechanical specificationsDegree of protectionIP20ConnectionUSB (type A) Connector , red and black test clips Material PolycarbonateDimensions75 mm x 33 mm x 15 mm Cable length1.8 m 2-strand wire terminating in 2 test clips , 15.2 cm cable terminating in 1 USB type A connector General informationSupplementary information Observe the certificates, declarations of conformity, instruction manuals, and manuals where applicable. For information see .AccessoriesPACTware 4.1FDT FrameworkDTM Generic HART。

PRODUCT DATA31-00075-01SmartVFD COMPACTGENERALSmartVFD COMP ACT variable frequency drives provide step less speed control for various applications:•Pumps •Fans•Compressors •Conveyors, etc.FEATURES•Compact size - saves space in your equipment cabinet •Flexible side-by-side mounting with screws or DIN-rail as standard •Single rating suitable for both pump and fan or machine applications •Maximum ambient temperature: + 122 °F •Integrated RFI-filters•Wide input and output connection possibilities •Configurable inputs and outputs •30 second Start-Up Wizard•Easy “keypad to remote” change with 1 button •Parameter upload/download even without main power to the drive with HVFDCABLE accessory •Quiet motor operation with 4 kHz switching frequency•Overtemperature ride-through •Power ride-through •Automatic restart •Integrated PI controller •Optional NEMA 1 enclosureSPECIFICATIONSMains ConnectionInput voltage U in:115Vac, -15%...+10% 1~208…240 Vac (-15…+10%), 1~208…240 Vac (-15…+10%), 3~380…480 Vac (-15…+10%), 3~600Vac (-15…+10%), 3~Input frequency: 45…66 HzConnection to mains : Once per minute or lessBrake chopper:Available on MI2 and MI3, with 3-phase units: 100% *TN with brake option; 30% *TN without brake option.Motor ConnectionOutput voltage: 0 - U in , 3~Output current:I N : Continuous output current with max. +50 °C ambient tem-perature, overloadability 1.5 x I N (1min/10min)Starting current: 2 x I N 2s/20s Output frequency: 0…320 Hz Frequency resolution: 0.01 HzControl CharacteristicsControl method:Frequency Control U/f Open Loop Sensorless Vector Control Switching frequency: 1.5...16 kHz; default 6 kHz Field weakening point: 30…320 Hz Acceleration time:0.1…3000 secSMARTVFD COMP ACT31-00075—012Deceleration time: 0.1…3000 secBraking torque:100% *TN with brake option (only in 3~ drives sizes MI2 and MI3)30%*TN without brake optionAmbient ConditionsOperating temperature:+ 14 °F (-10 °C) (no frost)…+ 104/122 °F(40/50 °C) for 115 Vac, 460 Vac and 600 Vac and + 104 °F (40 °C), for 208 Vac/230 Vac, rated loadability I N Storage temperature: -40 °F (-40 °C)…+158 °F (+70 °C)Air quality :Chemical vapors:IEC 721-3-3, unit in operation, class 3C2Mechanical particles:IEC 721-3-3, unit in operation, class 3S2Altitude:100% load capacity (no derating) up to 1000 m1% derating for each 100 m above 1000 m; max. 2000 m Relative humidity:0…95% RH, non-condensing, non-corrosive, no dripping water Vibration: 3...150 HzEN50178, EN60068-2-6:Displacement amplitude 1(peak) mm at 3...15.8 Hz Max acceleration amplitude 1 g at 15.8...150 Hz ShockEN50178, IEC 68-2-27:UPS Drop T est (for applicable UPS weights)Storage and shipping: max 15 g, 11 ms (in package)Enclosure class: Open chassis, NEMA 1 kit optionalElectro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC)Immunity:Complies with EN50082-1, -2, EN61800-3, Category C2Emissions:115V: Complies with EMC category C4230V: Complies with EMC category C2; with an internal RFI filter400V: Complies with EMC category C2; with an internal RFI filter600V: Complies with EMC category C4All: No EMC emission protection (Honeywell level N): Without RFI filterSafety:For safety: CB, CE, UL, cULFor EMC: CE, CB, c-tick(see unit nameplate for more detailed approvals)Control connectionsAnalog input voltage:0...+10V , Ri = 200k Ω (min), Resolution 10 bit, accuracy ±1%, electrically isolated Analog input current:0(4)…20 mA, Ri = 200Ω differential resolution 0.1%, accuracy ±1%, electrically isolated Digital inputs: 6 positive logic; 0…+30 VDC Voltage output for digital inputs:+24V , ±20%, max. load 50 mA Output reference voltage :+10V , +3%, max. load 10 mAAnalog output :0(4)…20 mA; RL max. 500Ω; resolution 16 bit; accuracy ±1%Digital outputs :Relays:2 programmable relay outputs (1 NO/NC and 1 NO), Max.switching load: 250 Vac/2 A or 250 Vdc/0.4 A Open collector:1 open collector output with max. load 48 V/50 mAProtectionsOvervoltage protection:875VDC in HVFDCDXCXXXXXXX 437VDC in HVFDCDXBXXXXXXX Undervoltage protection:333VDC in HVFDCDXCXXXXXXX 160VDC in HVFDCDXBXXXXXXXEarth-fault protection:In case of earth fault in motor or motor cable, only the fre-quency converter is protected Unit overtemperature protection: YES Motor overload protection: YESMotor stall protection (fan/pump blocked): YES Motor underload protection(pump dry / belt broken detection): YES Short-circuit protection of +24V and +10V reference voltages: YESOvercurrent protection: T rip limit 4,0*I N instantaneouslySMARTVFD COMP ACT331-00075—01MODELSTable 1.Nominal Voltage Nom. HP (Nom. Current)EMC Filter Full IO (6DI, 2AI, 1AO,1DO, 3RO, Modbus)Frame Size: MI1Dimensions: 6.2" H x 2.6" W x 3.9" D460V3~in 3~out0.5 HP (1.3 A)No HVFDCD3C0005F00EMC HVFDCD3C0005F010.75 HP (1.9 A)No HVFDCD3C0007F00EMC HVFDCD3C0007F011 HP (2.4 A)No HVFDCD3C0010F00EMC HVFDCD3C0010F01208/230V 1~in 3~out 0.25 HP (1.7 A)EMC HVFDCD1B0003F010.5 HP (2.4 A)EMC HVFDCD1B0005F010.75 HP (2.8 A)EMC HVFDCD1B0007F01208/230V 3~in 3~out 0.25 HP (1.7 A)No HVFDCD3B0003F000.5 HP (2.4 A)No HVFDCD3B0005F00Frame Size: MI2 Dimensions: 7.7" H x 3.5" W x 4.0" D460V3~in 3~out1.5 HP (3.3 A)No HVFDCD3C0015F00EMC HVFDCD3C0015F012 HP (4.3 A)No HVFDCD3C0020F00EMC HVFDCD3C0020F013 HP (5.6 A)No HVFDCD3C0030F00EMC HVFDCD3C0030F01208/230V 1~in 3~out 1 HP (3.7A)EMC HVFDCD1B0010F011.5 HP (4.8 A)EMC HVFDCD1B0015F012 HP (7 A)EMC HVFDCD1B0020F01208/230V 3~in 3~out 1 HP (3.7A)No HVFDCD3B0010F002 HP (7 A)No HVFDCD3B0020F00115V/230V 1~in 3~out0.25 HP (1.7 A)No HVFDCD1A0003F000.5 HP (2.4 A)No HVFDCD1A0005F001 HP (3.7A)NoHVFDCD1A0010F00SMARTVFD COMP ACT31-00075—014PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION CODEFig. 1. Product Identification Code.Frame Size: MI3Dimensions: 10.2" H x 3.9" W x 4.3" D460V3~in 3~out4 HP (7.6 A)No HVFDCD3C0040F00EMC HVFDCD3C0040F015 HP (9 A)No HVFDCD3C0050F00EMC HVFDCD3C0050F017.5 HP (12 A)No HVFDCD3C0075F00EMC HVFDCD3C0075F01208/230V 1~in 3~out 3 HP (1 A)EMC HVFDCD1B0030F01208/230V 3~in 3~out 3 HP (11 A)No HVFDCD3B0030F00115V/230V 1~in 3~out 1.5 HP (4.8 A)No HVFDCD1A0015F00600V3~in 3~out1 HP (2 A)No HVFDCD3D0010F002 HP (3.6 A)No HVFDCD3D0020F003 HP (5 A)No HVFDCD3D0030F005 HP (7.6 A)No HVFDCD3D0050F007.5 HP (10.4 A)NoHVFDCD3D0075F00Nominal Voltage Nom. HP (Nom. Current)EMC Filter Full IO (6DI, 2AI, 1AO,1DO, 3RO, Modbus)SMARTVFD COMP ACT531-00075—01MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS AND MOUNTINGThere are two possible ways to mount the SmartDrive Compact onto the wall; either screw or DIN-rail mounting. The mounting dimensions are also given on the back of the inverter.Fig. 2. Mounting with screws or DIN-rail.Fig. 3. Dimensions in inches.Mechanical size H1H2H3W1W2W3D1D2MI1 6.2 5.8 5.4 2.6 1.50.2 3.90.3MI27.77.2 6.7 3.5 2.50.2 4.00.3MI310.39.99.53.93.00.24.30.3SMARTVFD COMP ACT31-00075—016COOLINGForced air flow cooling is used in all SmartDrive Compact drives. Enough free space shall be left above and below the inverter to ensure sufficient air circulation and cooling. SmartDrive Compact products can be mounted side by side. Y ou will find the required dimensions for free space and cooling air in the tables below:Table 2.Table 3.CABLING AND FUSESUse cables with heat resistance of at least +158 °F (+70 °C). The cables and the fuses must be dimensioned according to the following tables. The fuses function also as cable overload protection. These instructions apply only to cases with one motor and one cable connection from the inverter to the motor. In any other case, contact your Honeywell Sales Representative.Table 4.Table 5. Cable and fuse sizes for 208-240 V .Table 6. Cable and fuse sizes for 380-480 V .Mechanical size Free space above [inches]Free space below [inches]MI1 4.0 2.0MI2 4.0 2.0MI34.0 2.0Mechanical size Cooling air required [CFM]MI1 5.89MI2 5.89MI317.7Connection Cable typeMains cable Power cable intended for fixed installation and the specific mains voltage. Shielded cable not required. (NKCABLES/MCMK or similar recommended)Motor cablePower cable equipped with compact low-impedance shield and intended for the specific mains voltage. (NKCABLES /MCCMK, SAB/ÖZCUY -J or similar recommended). 360º grounding of both motor and FC connection required to meet the standards.Control cableScreened cable equipped with compact low-impedance shield (NKCABLES /Jamak, SAB/ÖZCuY -O or similar).Size Type (power)I N [A]Fuse [A]Mains cable Cu[AWG]Terminals cable size (min/max)Main terminal [AWG]Earth terminal [AWG]Control terminal [AWG]Relayterminal [AWG]MI1P25 - P751,7 – 3,710 2 x 15 + 1515 - 1115 - 1120 - 1520 - 15MI21P1 - 1P54,8 – 7,020 2 x 13 + 1315 - 1115 - 1120 - 1520 - 15MI32P211322 x 9 + 915 - 915 - 920 - 1520 - 15Size Type (power)I N [A]Fuse [A]Mains cable Cu[AWG]Terminals cable size (min/max)Main terminal [AWG]Earth terminal [AWG]Control terminal [AWG]Relayterminal [AWG]MI1P37 - 1P11,9 – 3,36 3 x 15 + 1515 - 1115 - 1120 - 1520 - 15MI21P5 - 2P24,3 – 5,610 3 x 15 + 1515 - 1115 - 1120 - 1520 - 15MI33P0 - 5P57,6 - 1220 3 x 13 + 1315 - 915 - 920 - 1520 - 15SMARTVFD COMP ACTFig. 4. SmartDrive Compact power connections.Fig. 5. SmartDrive Compact control connections wiring.Fig. 6. SmartVFD Compact control connection terminals.731-00075—01SMARTVFD COMP ACT31-00075—018The table below shows the SmartDrive Compact control connections with the terminal numbers.Fig. 7. Control inputs and outputs – API Full.FEATURES / FUNCTIONSEasy to set-up featuresTable 7.FeatureFunctionsBenefit30 second Start-up wizardSimple 4 step wizard for specific applications Activate wizard by pressing stop for 5 seconds Tune the motor nominal speed Tune the motor nominal currentSelect mode (0=basic, 1= Fan, 2 = Pump and 3 = Conveyor)Fully configured inverter for the application in question Ready to accept 0-10V analog speed signal in just 30 seconds“Keypad – Remote” OperationPush the navigation wheel for 5 seconds to move from remote control (I/O or Fieldbus) to manual mode and back.Single button operation to change the control tomanual (keypad) and back. Useful function whencommissioning and testing applicationsQuick Setup MenuOnly the most commonly used parameters are visible in basic view to provide easier navigation. The full view can be seen after P13.1 Parameter conceal is deactivated by changing the value to 0.Easy navigation through the most common parameters SmartVFD Commissioning Tool1.Parameter sets can be uploaded and downloaded with thistool.2.Easy to use PC-tool for commissioning the SmartVFD Invert-ers. Connection with HVFDCABLE and MCA adapter, (HVFD-CDMCAKIT/U), to the USB port of the PC. PC-tools available for download free of charge fromhttps:///en-US/support/commercial/software/vfds/Pages/default.aspxParameter copying easily from 1 inverter to another.Easy download of parameter sets created with PC-tool Parametering with PC Saving settings to PC Comparing parameter settingsSMARTVFD COMP ACT931-00075—01Compact and robust design with easy installationTable 8.Uninterruptible operation functionsTable 9.VFD and motor control featuresTable 10.OPTIONAL ACCESSORIESTable 11. SmartVFD COMPACT Accessories.FeatureFunctionsBenefitCompact size Minimum free space above and below the drive is required for cooling airflow.Minimum space requirementsIntegrated RFI-filtersThe units comply with EN61800-3 category C2 as standard. This level is the required level for public electricity networks such as buildings.Easy selection and installation of products.Space savingsCost savings Single power ratingSingle power suitable for both pump and fan or machine applicationsEasy selectionMax. ambient temperature + 122 °FHigh maximum ambient operating temperature Uninterruptible operationSide by side mounting with screws or DIN-rail asstandardSmartDrive Compact can be mounted side by side with no space between the units either with screws or on DIN-rail as standard.Dimensions for screw mounting can be found also on the back of the inverter.Easy installationSpace savings FeatureFunctionsBenefitOvertemperature ride-through Automatically adjusts switching frequency to adapt to unusual increase in ambientUninterruptible operationPower ride-through Automatically lowers motor speed to adapt to sudden voltage drop such as power lossUninterruptible operation Auto restart functionAuto restart function can be configured to make VFD restart automatically once fault is addressedUninterruptible operationFeatureFunctionsBenefitFlying startAbility to get an already spinning fan under speed control Improved performance Ease of application Inbuilt PI- controllerCapability to make a standalone system with sensor connected directly to the inverter for complete PI- control.Cost savingModel NumberDescriptionHVFDCABLE/U SmartVFD Commissioning Cable and USB Adaptor HVFDCDMCA/U Compact Commissioning Device HVFDCDMCAKIT/U Compact Commissioning Kit HVFDCDNEMA1FR1/U Compact NEMA 1 Kit Frame Size1HVFDCDNEMA1FR2/U Compact NEMA 1 Kit Frame Size2HVFDCDNEMA1FR3/U Compact NEMA 1 Kit Frame Size3HVFDCDTRAINER/UCompact Training Demonstration KitSMARTVFD COMP ACT31-00075—0110SMARTVFD COMP ACT 1131-00075—01SMARTVFD COMP ACTAutomation and Control Solutions Honeywell International Inc.1985 Douglas Drive North Golden Valley, MN 55422 ® U.S. Registered T rademark© 2015 Honeywell International Inc. 31-00075—01 M.S. 01-15 Printed in United StatesBy using this Honeywell literature, you agree that Honeywell will have no liability for any damages arising out of your use or modification to, the literature. You will defend and indemnify Honeywell, its affiliates and subsidiaries, from and against any liability, cost, or damages, including attorneys’ fees, arising out of, or resulting from, any modification to the literature by you.。

常用有机溶剂共沸点乙醚的性质1. 乙醚为无色、透明、易流动的液体，挥发性极大，它的蒸气有芳香味，但有麻醉性。

沸点34.6℃、凝固点－116℃，所以能耐剧冷而不凝冻。

比重很轻，在15℃时为0.720。

微溶于水，能溶于乙醇、苯、氯仿等有机溶剂中。

常用有机溶剂共沸点溶剂沸点/℃共沸点/℃含水量/%氯仿61.2 56.1 2.5甲苯110.5 85.0 20四氯化碳77.0 66.0 4.0正丙醇97.2 87.7 28.8苯80.4 69.2 8.8异丁醇108.4 89.9 88.2丙稀腈78.0 70.0 13.0 二甲苯137-40.5 92.0 37.5 二氯乙烷83.7 72.0 19.5 正丁醇117.7 92.2 37.5乙睛82.0 76.0 16.0吡啶115.5 94.0 42乙醇78.3 78.1 4.4异戊醇131.0 95.1 49.6乙酸乙酯77.1 70.4 8.0正戊醇138.3 95.4 44.7异丙醇82.4 80.4 12.1氯乙醇129.0 97.8 59.0乙醚35 34 1.0二硫化碳46 44 2.0甲酸101 107 26溶剂mp bp D420 nD20Acetic acid 乙酸17 118 1.049 1.3716 6.15 12.9 1.68Acetone 丙酮-95 56 0.788 1.3587 20.7 16.2 2.85Acetonitrile 乙腈-44 82 0.782 1.3441 37.5 11.1 3.45Anisole 苯甲醚-3 154 0.994 1.5170 4.33 33 1.38Benzene 苯 5 80 0.879 1.5011 2.27 26.2 0.00 Bromobenzene 溴苯 -31 156 1.495 1.5580 5.17 33.7 1.55Carbon disulfide 二硫化碳-112 46 1.274 1.6295 2.6 21.3 0.00Carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳 -23 77 1.594 1.4601 2.24 25.8 0.00 Chlorobenzene 氯苯-46 132 1.106 1.5248 5.62 31.2 1.54 Chloroform 氯仿-64 61 1.489 1.4458 4.81 21 1.15 Cyclohexane 环己烷6 81 0.778 1.4262 2.02 27.7 0.00 Dibutyl ether 丁醚-98 142 0.769 1.3992 3.1 40.8 1.18 o –Dichlorobenzene 邻二氯苯-17 181 1.306 1.5514 9.93 35.9 2.27 1,2-Dichloroethane 1，2-二氯乙烷-36 84 1.253 1.4448 10.36 21 1.86 Dichloromethane 二氯乙烷-95 40 1.326 1.4241 8.93 16 1.55 Diethylamine 二乙胺-50 56 0.707 1.3864 3.6 24.3 0.92 Diethyl ether 乙醚-117 35 0.713 1.3524 4.33 22.1 1.30 1,2-Dimethoxyethane 1，2-二甲氧基乙烷 -68 85 0.863 1.3796 7.2 24.1 1.71 N,N –Dimethylacetamide N，N-二甲基乙酰胺 -20 166 0.937 1.4384 37.8 24.2 3.72 N,N –DimethylformamideN，N-二甲基甲酰胺-60 152 0.945 1.4305 36.7 19.9 3.86 Dimethyl sulfoxide二甲基亚砜19 189 1.096 1.4783 46.7 20.1 3.90 1,4-Dioxane 1，4-二氧六环12 101 1.034 1.4224 2.25 21.6 0.45 Ethanol 乙醇-114 78 0.789 1.3614 24.5 12.8 1.69 Ethyl acetate 乙酸乙酯-84 77 0.901 1.3724 6.02 22.3 1.88 Ethyl benzoate 苯甲酸乙酯-35 213 1.050 1.5052 6.02 42.5 2.00 Formamide 甲酰胺3 211 1.133 1.4475 111.0 10.6 3.37 Hexamethylphosphoramide7 235 1.027 1.4588 30.0 47.7 5.54 Isopropyl alcohol 异丙醇-90 82 0.786 1.3772 17.9 17.5 1.66 isopropyl ether 异丙醚-60 68 1.36 Methanol 甲醇-98 65 0.791 1.3284 32.7 8.2 1.70 2-Methyl-2-propanol 2-甲基-2-丙醇 26 82 0.786 1.3877 10.9 22.2 1.66 Nitrobenzene 硝基苯6 211 1.204 1.5562 34.82 32.7 4.02 Nitromethane 硝基甲烷 -28 101 1.137 1.3817 35.87 12.5 3.54 Pyridine 吡啶-42 115 0.983 1.5102 12.4 24.1 2.37 tert-butyl alcohol 叔丁醇25.5 82.5 1.3878 Tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃-109 66 0.888 1.4072 7.58 19.9 1.75 Toluene 甲苯-95 111 0.867 1.4969 2.38 31.1 0.43 Trichloroethylene 三氯乙烯-86 87 1.465 1.4767 3.4 25.5 0.81 Triethylamine 三乙胺-115 90 0.726 1.4010 2.42 33.1 0.87 Trifluoroacetic acid 三氟乙酸-15 72 1.489 1.2850 8.55 13.7 2.26 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol 2，2，2-三氟乙醇 -44 77 1.384 1.2910 8.55 12.4 2.52 Water 水0 100 0.998 1.3330 80.1 3.7 1.82 o -Xylene 邻二甲苯-25 144 0.880 1.5054 2.57 35.8 0.62Common Organic Solvents: Table of Properties 1,2,3acetic acidC 2H 4O 2 60.05 11816.6 1.049 Miscible6.1539acetone C 3H 6O 58.08 56.2 -94.3 0.786 Miscible 20.7(25) -18 acetonitrile C 2H 3N 41.05 81.6 -46 0.786 Miscible 37.5 61-butanol C4H10O 74.12 117.6 -89.5 0.81 6.3 17.8 352-butanol C 4H10O 74.12 98 -115 0.808 15 15.8(25) 262-butanone C4H8O 72.11 79.6 -86.3 0.805 25.6 18.5 -7t-butyl alcohol C4H10O 74.12 82.2 25.5 0.786 Miscible 12.5 11 carbon tetrachloride CCl4153.82 76.7 -22.4 1.594 0.08 2.24 --chlorobenzene C6H5Cl 112.56 131.7 -45.6 1.1066 0.05 2.71 29 chloroform CHCl3119.38 61.7 -63.7 1.498 0.795 4.81 --cyclohexane C6H1284.16 80.7 6.6 0.779 <0.1 2.02 -201,2-dichloroethane C2H4 Cl298.96 83.5 -35.3 1.245 0.861 10.42 13 diethyl ether C4H10O 74.12 34.6 -116.3 0.713 7.5 4.34 -45 diethylene glycol C4H10O3106.12 245 -10 1.118 10 31.7 143diglyme (diethyleneglycoldimethyl ether) C6H14O3134.17 162 -68 0.943 Miscible 7.23 67 1,2-dimethoxy- ethane (glyme, DME) C4H10O2 90.12 85 -58 0.868 Miscible 7.2 -6dimethylether C2H6O 46.07 -22 -138.5 NA NA NA -41dimethyl- formamide (DMF) C3H7NO 73.09 153 -61 0.944 Miscible 36.7 58 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) C2H6OS 78.13 189 18.4 1.092 25.3 47 95dioxane C4H8O288.11 101.1 11.8 1.033 Miscible 2.21(25) 12 ethanol C2H6O 46.07 78.5 -114.1 0.789 Miscible 24.6 13 ethyl acetate C4H8O 288.11 77 -83.6 0.895 8.7 6(25) -4ethylene glycol C2H6O262.07 195 -13 1.115 Miscible 37.7 111 glycerin C3H8O392.09 290 17.8 1.261 Miscible 42.5 160heptane C7H16100.20 98 -90.6 0.684 0.01 1.92 -4Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) C6H18N3OP 179.20 232.5 7.2 1.03 Miscible 31.3 105 Hexamethylphosphorous C6H18 N3P 163.20 150 -44 0.898 Miscible ?? 26triamide (HMPT) hexane C 6H 14 86.18 69 -95 0.659 0.014 1.89 -22methanol CH 4O 32.04 64.6 -980.791 Miscible 32.6(25) 12methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) C 5H 12O 88.15 55.2-109 0.7415.1 ?? -28 methylene chlorideCH 2Cl 2 84.93 39.8 -96.7 1.326 1.32 9.08 1.6 N -methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) CH 5H 9NO 99.13 202 -24 1.033 10 32 91 nitromethane CH 3NO 2 61.04 101.2 -291.3829.50 35.9 35 pentane C 5H 12 72.15 36.1 -129.7 0.626 0.04 1.84 -49 Petroleum ether(ligroine) ----30-60 -400.656-----301-propanol C 3H 8O 88.15 97-126 0.803 Miscible 20.1(25) 152-propanol C 3H 8O 88.15 82.4 -88.5 0.785 Miscible 18.3(25) 12 pyridineC 5H 5N 79.10 115.2 -41.6 0.982 Miscible 12.3(25) 17 tetrahydrofuran (THF) C 4H 8O 72.11 66-108.4 0.886 30 7.6 -21 toluene C 7H 892.14 110.6 -930.8670.05 2.38(25) 4 triethyl amine C 6H 15N 101.19 88.9 -114.7 0.728 0.02 2.4 -11 water H 2O 18.02 100.00 0.00 0.998 --78.54 -- water, heavyD 2O20.03 101.341.107 Miscible?? -- o -xylene C 8H 10 106.17 144 -25.2 0.897 Insoluble2.57 32 m -xylene C 8H 10 106.17 139.1 -47.8 0.868 Insoluble 2.37 27 p -xyleneC 8H 10 106.17 138.4 13.3 0.861 Insoluble2.2727。

T h e i n f o r m a t i o n p r o v i d e d i n t h i s d o c u m e n t a t i o n c o n t a i n s g e n e r a l d e s c r i p t i o n s a n d /o r t e c h n i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e p r o d u c t s c o n t a i n e d h e r e i n .T h i s d o c u m e n t a t i o n i s n o t i n t e n d e d a s a s u b s t i t u t e f o r a n d i s n o t t o b e u s e d f o r d e t e r m i n i n g s u i t a b i l i t y o r r e l i a b i l i t y o f t h e s e p r o d u c t s f o r s p e c i f i c u s e r a p p l i c a t i o n s .I t i s t h e d u t y o f a n y s u c h u s e r o r i n t e g r a t o r t o p e r f o r m t h e a p p r o p r i a t e a n d c o m p l e t e r i s k a n a l y s i s , e v a l u a t i o n a n d t e s t i n g o f t h e p r o d u c t s w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e r e l e v a n t s p e c i f i c a p p l i c a t i o n o r u s e t h e r e o f .N e i t h e r S c h n e i d e r E l e c t r i c I n d u s t r i e s S A S n o r a n y o f i t s a f f i l i a t e s o r s u b s i d i a r i e s s h a l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e o r l i a b l e f o r m i s u s e o f t h e i n f o r m a t i o n c o n t a i n e d h e r e i n .Product data sheetCharacteristicsLT3SM00MPTC probe relay TeSys - LT3 with manualreset - 115 V - 1 NO + 1 NCMainRange of product LT3Device short name LT3SMProduct or component typeThermistor protection units [Uc] control circuit volt-age 115...230 V AC 50/60 Hz ResetManualComplementaryControl circuit voltage limits 0.85...1.1 UcContacts type and composition1 NC + 1 NO dual voltage [Ith] conventional free air thermal current 5 A for output control relay [Ui] rated insulation voltage 500 V AC output control relay[Ue] rated operational voltage 250 V AC 50/60 Hz for output control relay Signalling function Voltage indication Fault indication Control typeManual reset Manual testProbe interchangeability Label mark A conforming to IEC 60034-11Hold-in power consumption W >= 1 W Hold-in power consumption VA < 2.5 VAResistance 2700...3100 Ohm tripping 1500...1650 Ohm reset Number of probes <= 6Input voltage< 7.5 V (4000 Ohm) for probe conforming to IEC 60034-11< 2.5 V (1500 Ohm) for probe Short circuit detection resistance < 20 OhmCondition of useConnection of probes 500 m for >= 1.5 mm²Connection of probes 1000 m for >= 2.5 mm²[Uimp] rated impulse withstand voltage 2.5 kVOperational power in VA 100 VA at 220 V - electrical durability: 500000 cycles Breaking capacity6 A at 120 V AC AC-163 A at 250 V AC AC-162 A at 24 V DC DC-13Connections - terminalsPower circuit: cage type connector 2 cable 1...2.5 mm² - cable stiffness: solid -without cable endPower circuit: cage type connector 2 cable 1...2.5 mm² - cable stiffness: flexible -without cable endPower circuit: cage type connector 2 cable 0.75...2.5 mm² - cable stiffness: solid -with cable endPower circuit: cage type connector 2 cable 0.75...2.5 mm² - cable stiffness: flexi-ble - with cable endPower circuit: cage type connector 1 cable 1...2.5 mm² - cable stiffness: solid -without cable endPower circuit: cage type connector 1 cable 1...2.5 mm² - cable stiffness: flexible -without cable endPower circuit: cage type connector 1 cable 0.75...2.5 mm² - cable stiffness: solid -with cable endPower circuit: cage type connector 1 cable 0.75...2.5 mm² - cable stiffness: flexi-ble - with cable endTightening torque0.8 N.mHeight100 mmWidth22.5 mmDepth100 mmProduct weight0.22 kgEnvironmentStandards IEC 60034-11VDE 0660Product certifications LROS (Lloyds register of shipping)IP degree of protection IP20 conforming to VDE 0106IP20 conforming to IEC 60529Ambient air temperature for operation-25...60 °CAmbient air temperature for storage-40...85 °C conforming to IEC 60068-2-2-40...85 °C conforming to IEC 60068-2-1Operating altitude> 1500...3000 m with derating in temperature<= 1500 m without derating in temperatureVibration resistance 2.5 gn 2...25 Hz conforming to IEC 60068-2-61 gn 25...150 Hz conforming to IEC 60068-2-6Shock resistance 5 gn 11 ms conforming to IEC 60068-2-27Electromagnetic compatibility Susceptibility to electromagnetic fields - test level level 3 conforming to IEC61000-4-3Surge resistance 1.2/50-8/20 - test level level 4 conforming to IEC 61000-4-5Resistance to fast transient - test level level 3 conforming to IEC 61000-4-4Resistance to electrostatic discharge - test level level 3 conforming to IEC61000-4-2Immunity to microbreaks and voltage drops conforming to IEC 61000-4-11 Contractual warrantyPeriod18 months。

• Le système doit être complété par des accessoires deconnexion à froid ainsi qu'une garantie produit de 5 ans.• Les rubans chauffants autorégulants doivent être conçus toutparticulièrement pour cette application, Respectez la normeHSE HS (G) 70 et avoir une durée de vie supérieure à 25 ans.• Les rubans chauffants autorégulants doivent être revêtusd’un isolant électrique en polyoléfine modifiée (réticulé parrayonnement pour garantir une longue durée de vie), d’un filmen aluminium, d’une tresse de protection en cuivre étaméet d’une gaine extérieure en polyoléfine modifiée munie derepères métriques pour faciliter l’installation.• Le ruban chauffant HWAT de nVent RAYCHEM doit êtrecapable de maintenir une température comprise entre 50 et55 °C, en tenant compte des conditions ambiantes variables.Les accessoires de connexion et de terminaison Rayclicde RAYCHEM se caractérisent par les points suivants :installation à froid, connecteurs dénudants et terminaisons engel, gaine extérieure de protection résistante aux UV, agrémentIP 68, température nominale de 65 °C, avec système sonore etvisuel de vérification de l’installation.• Les rubans autorégulants doivent être installés de façon linéaire tout en prenant en compte la longueur maximale par circuit. Ils doivent être testés et mis en service en respectant scrupuleusement les instructions du fabricant.Confiez de préférence ces tâches à un installateur agréé par le fournisseur.• Le rapport d’installation doit être enregistré auprès du fabricant pour pouvoir bénéficier des 5 ans de garantie. Le système doitêtre installé aussi près que possible des points de puisage, conformément aux réglementations en vigueur relatives à l’eau chaude sanitaire. Le choix du type de calorifuge et de son épaisseur doit être strictement en accord avec le guide d’étude technique HWAT. Il doit tenir compte des variations de températures ambiantes et être installé immédiatement après le ruban chauffant. Le système de traçage électrique doit être clairement identifiable à l'aide d'étiquettes signalétiques, distantes au maximum de 3 mètres et disposées de part et d’autre des canalisations et clairement visibles.• Chaque circuit doit être protégé par un disjoncteur (BS EN 60898 de type C ou D) et un différentiel (d’une sensibilité de30 mA, se déclenchant en l’espace de 100 ms). Chaque circuit de traçage électrique doit être équipé d'isolateurs.• Les travaux de branchement entre l’alimentation secteur et les circuits HWAT doivent être confiés à un électricien agréé.©2018 nVent. Toutes les marques et tous les logos nVent sont la propriété de nVent Services GmbH ou de ses sociétés affiliées, ou sont concédés sous licence par nVent Services GmbH ou ses sociétés affiliées. Toutes les autres marques de commerce sont la propriété de leurs propriétaires respectifs. nVent se réserve le droit de modifier des spécifications sans préavis.FranceTel 0800 906045Fax 0800 906003*****************België / belgiqueTel +32 16 21 35 02Fax +32 16 21 36 04********************Schweiz / SuisseTel 0800 551 308Fax 0800 551 309*********************Notes techniques• Le système de maintien en température de l’eau chaude sanitaire s'effectue uniquement sur le réseau de distribution aller. Aucun réseau de retour n'est à prévoir.• Les canalisations d’eau chaude sanitaire doivent être équipées d’un système de rubans chauffants autorégulants éco-énergétiques afin de compenser les déperditions et de maintenir l’eau des canalisations à une température comprise entre 50 et 55 °C, comme fabriqué par nVent et connus sous le nom de HWAT de RAYCHEM.• Le système doit être installé aussi près que possible des points de puisage, conformément aux réglementations en vigueur relatives à l’eau chaude sanitaire.• La terminaison des rubans chauffants autorégulants doit être réalisée au moyen de connecteurs dénudants et de terminaisons en gel, comme fabriqués par nVent et connus sous le nom de RayClic de RAYCHEM.• Le ruban chauffant HWAT doit être choisi pour maintenir la température entre 50 et 55 °C, en tenant compte des conditions ambiantes variables.• Les rubans chauffants HWAT doivent être installés de façon linéaire tout en prenant en compte la longueur maximale par circuit. Ils doivent être isolés, testés et mis en service en respectant scrupuleusement les instructions du fabricant. Confiez de préférence ces tâches à un installateur agréé par nVent.• Le choix du type de calorifuge et de son épaisseur doit être strictement en accord avec le guide d’étude technique HWAT.。

134D686X9050C6134D157X9125K6134D506X9125F6134D227X9100K6134DVishay SpragueWet Tantalum HI-TMP ® Capacitors Tantalum Case withGlass-to-Tantalum Hermetic Seal for -55 °C to +200 °C OperationPERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICSOperating Temperature: -55 °C to +85 °C (to +200 °C with voltage derating)Capacitance Tolerance: at 120 Hz, +25 °C; ± 20 % standard; ± 10 %DC L eakage Current (DCL Max.): at +25 °C and above: leakage current shall not exceed the values listed in the Standard Ratings tables.ife Test: capacitors are capable of withstanding a minimum 500 h life test at a temperature of +200 °C at the applicable derated DC working voltage.FEATURES•High capacitance•Hermetically sealed, tantalum case •+200 °C high temperature•Terminations: axial, standard tin / lead (SnPb)•100 % tin (RoHS-compliant) available •Mounting: through-hole•Material categorization: for definitions of compliance please see /doc?99912Note*This datasheet provides information about parts that are RoHS-compliant and / or parts that are non-RoHS-compliant. For example, parts with lead (Pb) terminations are not RoHS-compliant. Please see the information / tables in this datasheet for details.APPLICATIONS•Industrial•Petroleum exploration•High temperature / high stress environmentNote•Packaging: the use of formed plastic trays for packaging these axial lead components is standard. Tape and reel is not available due to the unit weight.(1)For insulated parts, add 0.015 inches [0.38 mm] to the diameter. The insulation shall lap over the ends of the capacitor body.AvailableAvailable Available ORDERING INFORMATION134D 227X0100K 6E3TYPECAPACITANCE CAPACITANCE TOLERANCE DC VOLTAGE RATINGAT +85 °C CASE CODE STYLE NUMBER RoHS COMPLIANT This is expressed in picofarads. The first two digits are the significant figures. The third is the number ofzeros to followX0 = ± 20 %X9 = ± 10 %This is expressed in volts.To complete the three-digit block, zeros precede the voltage rating. A decimal point is indicated by an “R”(6R3 = 6.3 V)See Ratings and Case Codes tableHigh temperature 8 = no outer insulating sleeve6 = high temperature film insulation (above +125 °C)E3 = 100 % tin termination(RoHS compliant design)Blank = SnPb termination (standard design)134DVishay SpragueNote•Part number definitions:(1) Capacitance tolerance: X9 = 10 %, X0 = 20 %(2) Style number: 8 = no film insulation, 6 = high temperature film insulation (3) Termination: blank = standard tin/lead, E3 = RoHS compliant 100 % tinSTANDARD RATINGSCAPACITANCE AT 25 °C 120 Hz (μF)CASE CODE MAX.120 Hz ESR (Ω)MAX. DCL (μA)MAX.IMP., Z AT -25 °C (Ω)MAX.∆CAP.AT -25 °C (%)TYP.∆CAP. (%)ACRIPPLE85 °C40 kHz (mA) RMSPART NUMBERLIFE TEST PERFORMANCE (h AT +200 °C)25 °C 85 °C/125 °C 85 °C 125 °C 50 V DC AT 85 °C; 30 V DC AT 125 °C; 30 V DC AT 200 °C68C 1.501522-612551400134D686(1)050C(2)(3)500220F 0.902109-1513502300134D227(1)050F(2)(3)500470T 0.753256-2410252650134D477(1)050T(2)(3)500680K0.705404-2212402900134D687(1)050K(2)(3)50060 V DC AT 85 °C; 40 V DC AT 125 °C; 36 V DC AT 200 °C47C 2.001534-88121250134D476(1)060C(2)(3)500150F 1.1021013-1110302050134D157(1)060F(2)(3)500390T 0.903257-2710252450134D397(1)060T(2)(3)500560K0.805405-2112402700134D567(1)060K(2)(3)50075 V DC AT 85 °C; 50 V DC AT 125 °C; 45 V DC AT 200 °C33C 2.501545-3.58251100134D336(1)075C(2)(3)500110F 1.3021016-88301900134D117(1)075F(2)(3)500330T 1.003308-3010252300134D337(1)075T(2)(3)500470K0.905506-2010402550134D477(1)075K(2)(3)500100 V DC AT 85 °C; 65 V DC AT 125 °C; 60 V DC AT 200 °C15C 3.501595-2.5825950134D156(1)100C(2)(3)50068F 2.1021025-68251500134D686(1)100F(2)(3)500150T 1.6032514-128221800134D157(1)100T(2)(3)500220K1.2055013-448152200134D227(1)100K(2)(3)1000125 V DC AT 85 °C; 85 V DC AT 125 °C; 75 V DC AT 200 °C10C 5.5015145-2.5820750134D106(1)125C(2)(3)50047F 2.3021035-57201450134D476(1)125F(2)(3)50050F 2.3031035-57201450134D506(1)125F(2)(3)500100T 1.8032524-208201700134D107(1)125T(2)(3)500150K1.6055013-106121900134D157(1)125K(2)(3)500134DVishay SpragueNotes•In bold and italic: preliminary rating and electrical values. Contact marketing for availability.•Part number definitions:(1) Capacitance tolerance: X9 = 10 %, X0 = 20 %(2) Style number: 8 = no film insulation, 6 = high temperature film insulation (3) Termination: blank = standard tin / lead, E3 = RoHS compliant 100 % tinEXTENDED RATINGSCAPACITANCE AT 25 °C 120 Hz (μF)CASE CODE MAX.120 Hz ESR (Ω)MAX. DCL (μA)MAX.IMP., Z AT -25 °C (Ω)MAX.∆CAP.AT -25 °C (%)TYP.∆CAP. (%)ACRIPPLE85 °C40 kHz (mA) RMSPART NUMBERLIFE TEST PERFORMANCE (h AT +200 °C)25 °C 85 °C/125 °C 85 °C 125 °C 50 V DC AT 85 °C; 30 V DC AT 125 °C; 30 V DC AT 200 °CC F T K60 V DC AT 85 °C; 40 V DC AT 125 °C; 36 V DC AT 200 °CC F T1000K 0.50201203-25< 12< 153500134D108(1)060K(2)(3)50075 V DC AT 85 °C; 50 V DC AT 125 °C; 45 V DC AT 200 °CC180F 1.5052515202000134D187(1)075C(2)(3)500T 750K 0.60201203-25< 10< 153500134D757(1)075K(2)(3)500100 V DC AT 85 °C; 65 V DC AT 125 °C; 60 V DC AT 200 °CC F220T 1.6053015-4010151800134D227(1)100T(2)(3)500400K 0.70101205-1510153250134D407(1)100K(2)(3)500470K 0.70252008-155103250134D477(1)100K(2)(3)1000560K 0.70252005-2515205500134D567(1)100K(2)(3)1000125 V DC AT 85 °C; 85 V DC AT 125 °C; 75 V DC AT 200 °CC F T240K0.80105010-106122500134D247(1)125K(2)(3)500RIPPLE CURRENT MULTIPLIERS VS. FREQUENCY, TEMPERATURE, AND APPLIED PEAK VOLTAGEFREQUENCYOF APPLIED RIPPLECURRENT120 Hz800 Hz1 kHz10 kHz40 kHz100 kHzAMBIENT STILLAIR TEMP. IN °C ≤ 5585105125 ≤ 5585105125 ≤ 5585105125 ≤ 5585105125 ≤ 5585105125 ≤ 5585105125% of 85 °C rated peak voltage100 % 0.60 0.39 - - 0.71 0.43 - - 0.72 0.46 - - 0.88 0.55 - - 1.0 0.63 - - 1.1 0.69 - - 90 % 0.60 0.46 - - 0.71 0.55 - - 0.72 0.55 - - 0.88 0.67 - - 1.0 0.77 - - 1.1 0.85 - - 80 % 0.60 0.52 0.35 - 0.71 0.62 0.42 - 0.72 0.62 0.42 - 0.88 0.76 0.52 - 1.0 0.87 0.59 - 1.1 0.96 0.65 - 70 % 0.60 0.58 0.44 - 0.71 0.69 0.52 - 0.72 0.70 0.52 - 0.88 0.85 0.64 - 1.0 0.97 0.73 - 1.1 1.07 0.80 - 66 2/3 %0.60 0.60 0.46 0.27 0.71 0.71 0.55 0.32 0.72 0.72 0.55 0.32 0.88 0.88 0.68 0.40 1.0 1.0 0.77 0.45 1.1 1.1 0.85 0.50134D Vishay SpragueTYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF 134D CAPACITORSELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSITEM PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICSOperating temperature range-55 °C to +85 °C (to +200 °C with voltage derating)Capacitor tolerance± 20 %, ± 10 % at 120 Hz, at +25 °CCapacitor change by temperature Limit per Standard Ratings tableESR Limit per Standard Ratings table, at +25 °C, 120 HzImpedance Limit per Standard Ratings table, at -55 °C, 120 HzDCL (leakage current)Limit per Standard Ratings tableAC ripple current Limit per Standard Ratings table, at +85 °C and 40 kHzReverse voltage NoneSurge voltage Surge voltage shall be in accordance with MIL-PRF-39006 and Table 2 of DSCC93026.The DC rated surge voltage is the maximum voltage to which the capacitors can be subjected under any conditions including transients and peak ripple at the highest line voltage.The DC surge voltage is 115 % of rated DC voltage.PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICSITEM PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICSLife testing Capacitors shall be capable of withstanding a minimum 500 h life test at a temperature +200 °C atderated voltage.ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICSITEM CONDITION COMMENTSSeal MIL-PRF-39006When the capacitors are tested as specified in MIL-PRF-39006, there shall be no evidence of leakage.Moisture resistance MIL-PRF-39006Moisture resistance shall be in accordance with MIL-PRF-39006. Number of cycles: 10 continuous cyclesBarometric pressure(reduced)MIL-STD-202, method 105, condition E Altitude 150 000 feetMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICSITEM CONDITION COMMENTSShock (specified pulse)MIL-STD-202, method 213, condition I(100 g)The capacitors shall meet the requirements of MIL-PRF-39006.Vibration, high frequency MIL-STD-202, method 204, condition D(20 g peak)The capacitors shall meet the requirements of MIL-PRF-39006.Thermal shock MIL-STD-202, method 107, condition A Thermal shock shall be in accordance with MIL-PRF-39006 when tested for 30 cycles.Solderability MIL-STD-202, method 208,ANSI/J-STD-002, test ASolderability shall be in accordance with MIL-PRF-39006.Terminal strength MIL-STD-202, method 211Terminal strength shall be in accordance with MIL-PRF-39006. Resistance to solder heat MIL-STD-202, method 210, condition C The capacitors shall meet the requirements of MIL-PRF-39006.Terminals MIL-STD-1276Terminals shall be as specified in MIL-STD-1276. The length and diameter of the terminals shall be as specified in Dimensions table. All terminals shall be permanently secured internally and externally, as applicable. All external joints shall be welded.Marking MIL-STD-1285Marking of capacitors conforms to method I of MIL-STD-1285 and include capacitance (in μF), capacitance tolerance letter, rated voltage, date code, lot symbol, and Vishay trademark.SELECTOR GUIDESTantalum Selector Guide /doc?49054 Parameter Comparison Guide /doc?42088Legal Disclaimer Notice VishayDisclaimerALL PRODUCT, PRODUCT SPECIFICAT IONS AND DAT A ARE SUBJECT T O CHANGE WIT HOUT NOT ICE T O IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTION OR DESIGN OR OTHERWISE.Vishay Intertechnology, Inc., its affiliates, agents, and employees, and all persons acting on its or their behalf (collectively, “Vishay”), disclaim any and all liability for any errors, inaccuracies or incompleteness contained in any datasheet or in any other disclosure relating to any product.Vishay makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of the products for any particular purpose or the continuing production of any product. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Vishay disclaims (i) any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product, (ii) any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages, and (iii) any and all implied warranties, including warranties of fitness for particular purpose, non-infringement and merchantability.Statements regarding the suitability of products for certain types of applications are based on Vishay’s knowledge of typical requirements that are often placed on Vishay products in generic applications. Such statements are not binding statements about the suitability of products for a particular application. It is the customer’s responsibility to validate that a particular product with the properties described in the product specification is suitable for use in a particular application. Parameters provided in datasheets and / or specifications may vary in different applications and performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including typical parameters, must be validated for each customer application by the customer’s technical experts. Product specifications do not expand or otherwise modify Vishay’s terms and conditions of purchase, including but not limited to the warranty expressed therein.Except as expressly indicated in writing, Vishay products are not designed for use in medical, life-saving, or life-sustaining applications or for any other application in which the failure of the Vishay product could result in personal injury or death. Customers using or selling Vishay products not expressly indicated for use in such applications do so at their own risk. Please contact authorized Vishay personnel to obtain written terms and conditions regarding products designed for such applications.No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document or by any conduct of Vishay. Product names and markings noted herein may be trademarks of their respective owners.134D686X9050C6134D157X9125K6134D506X9125F6134D227X9100K6。

F7300VIC ArrayPressure Enhanced Rubber SeatType overviewType DNF7300VIC300 Technical dataFunctional data Valve size [mm]12" [300]Fluid chilled or hot water, up to 60% glycolFluid Temp Range (water)-22...250°F [-30...120°C]Body Pressure Rating ANSI Class Grooved AWWA, 300 psiClose-off pressure ∆ps200 psiFlow characteristic modified linearServicing maintenance-freeFlow Pattern3-way Mixing/DivertingLeakage rate0%Controllable flow range90° rotationCv9000Maximum Velocity20 FPSMaterials Valve body Ductile cast iron ASTM A536Body finish black alkyd enamelStem416 stainless steelStem seal fiberglass with TFE liningSeat EPDMPipe connection grooved ANSI/AWWA (c606)Disc electroless nickel coated ductile ironSuitable actuators Non-Spring SY7F7300VIC Product featuresFlow/Mounting detailsDimensionsType DN WeightF7300VIC300330.7 lb [150 kg]SY7A B C D E F27.7" [703]25.2" [640]36.5" [927]29.4" [746]19.3" [490]10.0" [254]SY7-120MFTMFT/programmable, Non fail-safe, 120 VTechnical dataElectrical data Nominal voltage AC 120 VNominal voltage frequency50/60 HzNominal voltage range AC 96...132 VTransformer sizing240 VACurrent consumption2 AAuxiliary switch2x SPDT, 1 mA...5 A (3 A inductive), DC 5 V...AC250 V, 1 x 3° / 1 x 87°Switching capacity auxiliary switch 1 mA...5 A (3 A inductive), DC 5 V...AC 250 VElectrical Connection Terminal blocksOverload Protection thermally protected 135°C cut-outInternal Humidty Control resistive heating elementFunctional data Torque motor1000 NmOperating range Y 2...10 VInput impedance100 kΩPosition feedback U 2...10 VPosition feedback U note Max. 0.5 mAPosition feedback U variable VDC variableDirection of motion motor selectable with switch 0/1Manual override hand wheelAngle of rotation90°Running Time (Motor)59 sDuty cycle value75%Noise level, motor45 dB(A)Position indication top mounted domed indicatorSafety data Degree of protection IEC/EN IP66/67Degree of protection NEMA/UL NEMA 4XEnclosure UL Enclosure Type 4XAgency Listing ISO, CE, cCSAusQuality Standard ISO 9001Ambient humidity Max. 100% RHAmbient temperature-22...149°F [-30...65°C]Storage temperature-40...176°F [-40...80°C]Servicing maintenance-freeWeight Weight75 lb [34 kg]SY7-120MFTMaterialsHousing material die cast aluminiumGear train high alloy steel gear sets, self lockingTechnical dataApplicationProduct featuresSY Series actuators are fractional horsepower devices, and utilize full-wave power supplies. Observe wire sizing and transformer sizing requirements. Proportional models CANNOT be connected to Belimo direct coupled (AF, AM, GM…etc) actuator power supplies or any type of half-wave device. You MUST use a separate, dedicated transformer or power supply to power the SY actuator. Please do not connect other automation equipment to the dedicated SY supply source. You MUST use four wires (plus a ground) to control a proportional control SY actuator (See SY Wiring Section).AccessoriesGatewaysDescriptionType Gateway MP to BACnet MS/TP UK24BAC Gateway MP to Modbus RTU UK24MOD Gateway MP to LonWorksUK24LON Electrical accessoriesDescriptionTypeLocal electric disconnect for SY4...12 series actuator, AC 120 V, MFT HOA-120VMFT Service tool, with ZIP-USB function, for programmable andcommunicative Belimo actuators, VAV controller and HVAC performance devicesZTH USBattery backup system for SY7...12 series actuator, AC 120 V, on/offEXT-NSV-B05-120ToolsDescriptionTypeConnecting cable 10 ft [3 m], A: RJ11 6/4 ZTH EU, B: 3-pin Weidmüller and supply connectionZK4-GEN Service tool, with ZIP-USB function, for programmable and communicative Belimo actuators, VAV controller and HVAC performance devicesZTH USElectrical installationINSTALLATION NOTESDo not change sensitivity or dip switch setting with power applied.Power supply Common/Neutral and Control Signal "-"wiring to a common is prohibited.Terminals 4 and 6 need to be wired separately.Isolation relays must be used in parallel connection of multiple actuators using a commoncontrol signal inputs. The relays should be DPDT.Isolation relays are required in parallel applications. The reason parallel applications needisolation relays is that the motor uses two sets of windings, one for each direction. When one is energized to turn the actuator in a specific direction a voltage is generated in the other due to the magnetic field created from the first. It’s called back EMF. This is not an issue with one actuator because the voltage generated in the second winding isn’t connected to anything so there is no flow. On parallel applications without isolation, this EMF voltage energizes the winding it is connected to on the other actuators in the system, the actuators are tying to turn in both directions at once. The EMF voltage is always less than the supply voltage due to the resistance of the windings, so while the actuator still turns in the commanded direction, thedrag from the other reduces the torque output and causes overheating.Warning! Live electrical components!During installation, testing, servicing and troubleshooting of this product, it may be necessary to work with live electrical components. Have a qualified licensed electrician or other individual who has been properly trained in handling live electrical components perform these tasks.SY7-120MFTFailure to follow all electrical safety precautions when exposed to live electrical components could result in death or serious injury.Wiring diagramsElectrical installation。