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Translate the following English into Chinese：The back axle1、The final driveHaving dealt with the mechanical transmission system between the engine and output from the gearbox, we now turn to the three alternative final stages which are live axles, dead axles and axleless transmissions. A live axle is one that either rotates or houses shafts that rotate, while a dead axle is one that does neither, but simply carries at its ends the stub axles on which the wheels rotate.The functions of turning the drive from the propeller shaft through 90°to distribute it to the two wheels, and of reducing the speed of rotation – thus increasing the torque – is performed by the gearing carried in the final drive unit, usually housed in the back axle. For relatively small reductions –up to about 7:1 –single-stage gearing is used; but for greater reductions, two or even three stages may be required, and the gearing for one or more of these stages may be housed in the wheel hubs. The terms single-, double- and triple-reduction axles are therefore used.Generally, the first stage is either a bevel pinion and what is termed the crown wheel, or a worm and worm-wheel, both of which of course turn the drive through 90°. Worm drives have the advantages of silence, either a low drive line or a high ground clearance – according to whether the worm is underslung or overslung relative to the wheel – ease of providing for a through drive to a second axle in tandem with the first, and the fact that a high single-reduction ratio can be readily provided – even as high as 15:1.Bevel and hypoid bevel final drives are, however, far more common because they are less costly to manufacture and have a higher efficiency – the sliding action of worm teeth generates a lot of heat, especially if the gear ratio is high, and makes heavy demands on the lubricant. A hypoid bevel gear is one in which the axes of the crown wheel and the pinion are not in the same plane, and in which therefore some sliding action takes place between the meshing teeth. The one advantage is that a low propeller drive line can be obtained, so that the floor, and therefore centre of gravity, of the vehicle can be kept down.2、Single-reduction live axlesAn elementary single-reduction live axle –with a differential –is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 1. It has a hollow casing A, which carries on its ends the road wheels B. The weight of the body and load is supported by the casing A through the springs which are attached to the body and to the axle in a manner which will be described later. The casing in turn is supported at its ends by the road wheels. It therefore acts as a beam and is subjected to a bending action as is shown in Fig. 2,where the forces P are the supporting forces supplied by the road wheels, and the forces W are the body load, applied to the casing through the springs. The casing has to be stiff enough to withstand this bending action without undue flexure.Supported in bearings in the casing A is a short shaft D integral with which is a bevel pinion E. The shaft D is coupled by means of a universal or flexible joint, outside the casing, to the propeller shaft and hence to the mainshaft of the gearbox. Inside the casing the bevel pinion E meshes with, and drives, a bevel wheel F which is fixed to a transverse shaft G. This shaft is supported in bearings HH in the casing and is bolted to the hubs of the road wheels B at its outer ends. Obviously, when the pinion shaft D is turned by the propeller shaft the drive is transmitted through the bevel wheel to the transverse shaft G and hence to the road wheels. The road wheels are kept in place on the casing A in the end direction by nuts J and shoulders K of the casing. Although a bevel gear drive is shown, the principle would have been similar –only the gear arrangement different – had a worm drive been used.Fig. 1 Single-reduction axleFig. 23、Torque reactionFrom Fig. 1, it can be seen that the propeller shaft applies to the shaft D a torque which, as it is transmitted through the bevel gearing, is increased in the same ratio as the speed is reduced. This increased torque is then transmitted through the shaft G to the road wheels. From Newton’s third law of motion, we know that action andreaction must be equal and opposite, so not only will this torque tend to rotate the wheel, but also the reaction from the wheel will tend to rotate the shaft G in the opposite sense. Therefore, there will be a tendency for the pinion and its shaft D to swing bodily around the crown wheel, and this tendency will be reacted by the axle casing. Some means therefore must be introduced to prevent the axle casing from rotating in the opposite direction. This may be simply the leaf springs themselves, or additional links – torque-reaction or radius rods – may be used and will be essential if coil, instead of leaf, springs are employed.Similarly, the axle casing will tend to rotate about the axis of the bevel pinion in a direction opposite to that of rotation of the propeller shaft. However, since the torque transmitted by the propeller shaft is less than that in the driveshafts, it can in most circumstances be reacted satisfactorily simply by the suspension springs.4、Driving thrustAgain, according to Newton’s third law of motion, the driving thrust, or tractive effort, of the road wheels is reacted by the vehicle structure, the reaction being the inertia of the mass of the vehicle if it is accelerating, or rolling resistance of the other axle plus the wind resistance if it is not –the rolling resistance of the tyres of the driving axle involves of course purely local action and reaction. In effect, therefore, the driving axle has to push the carriage unit along, so it must be connected to the structure of the vehicle in such a way that this forward thrust can be transmitted from one to the other. This connection can be either the leaf springs or some other linkage for locating the axle relative to the carriage unit. The relevant members of this linkage are known as thrust members, or radius rods.答案：后桥1、主减速器学习过介于发动机和变速器输出之间的传动系统之后, 我们现在开始学习传动系统的最后一个阶段，它有三种可替换的形式，即断开式车桥、整体式车桥以及无轴传动。
Unit 11.Marva was a striking woman with high cheekbones and strong angular features.马文是一个引人注目的女人, 她有着高高的颧骨，瘦而强健。
2.Slender though not willowy, Marva was immediately discernible in a crowd—even without the visibility afforded by her height—for she had acquired a poise and sophistication that gave her appearance a deliberate style.马文老师瘦削而不软弱，就算她没有那么高，在人群中时还是一眼就能识别出来——因为她有着特别的镇静及教养，这些都使她有了一种严谨的风格。
3.In Marva’s opinion, it was important to have a unique imprint.在Marva老师看来，给人留下独特的印象是很重要的.4.she was so determined.，or just plain stubborn .马文老师意志坚定，抑或仅仅是固执。
5.There was excitement building and Marva worked the momentum, like an entertainer who felt the pulse of an audience.马文老师触动了孩子们兴奋的神经，她就像是一个能够触到观众脉搏的表演者。
6.I had a teacher once who called his students 'idiots' when they screwed up. He was our orchestra conductor, a fierce Ukrainian immigrant named Jerry Kupchynsky, and when someone played out of tune, he would stop the entire group to yell.曾经有一位老师，他把那些将事情搞砸了的学生称为“白痴”。
汪力伟：Recently, I see some news about the education mode of “Tiger mother” and “Cat father” on the internet . for the children education what view do you have?蔡琛：ewery child should have a different education. This is a controversay issue. I am not clear欧阳冲：As we all know，in many big city of China,the parents' love and freedom for their children have got a spoil degree，which is a very normal phenomenon now. So I think "Tiger Mother" parenting style is more appropriate for children's future.郭开：I don't think so.I think the children's education method of "Tiger Mother" Amy Chua is too scary. She imposes parents' ideas on children,ignores their demands.I prefer the children's education method of "Cat Father" Chang. He does not set many other rules for his daughter and respects his daughter.汪力伟：What’s the different influence between “Tiger mother ” and “Cat father”’s education?欧阳冲：The study finds that ,the rate of success is the lowest in lassze-faire family, while camparing to it, "Tiger Mother" is a better way because of more efficient management and learning. The strict education does not mean only to ask children to do what their parents hope,but also respect them.郭开：That's not the way I see it. "Tiger Mother" Amy Chua only seems to cultivate children's skills,while ignoring their personality and characteristics. Maybe the children with this education method do not know what they like to do in the future. However,the children's education method of "Cat Father" Chang is soft and tender,he gives his daughter more independence. The children with the education method of "Cat Father" can be developed in an all-round way.汪力伟：After listening to the two different ways of education, what do you think of?蔡琛：I think both you make sences欧阳冲：The social competition is so serious that, in order to survive better, children must pay more efforts and sacrifice than others. While they can get what they need in the future from strict practice郭开：The childhood is the most important period to develop the qualities such as confidence,kindness,honesty,independence and so on. Educating children with reasonable discipline and give them more independence is a good way. I still resist the children's education method of "Cat Father" Chang is better.蔡琛：There are two complete education way. The representatives are “Tiger Mother” and “Cat Father”.The education way of “Tiger Mother”represen t traditional Chinese education and “Cat Father”represent traditional western education.But,on the surface,they achieve common effect---both their daughter get into Harvard University.So,the success of “Tiger Mother” arouse a heated debate in the west.Afte r all,which education way is desirable is not got a accordant conclusion up to now and as time goes on. whose daughter is more excellence is up to time-tested.The education of “Tiger Mother” is over severe.She always scolds her daughter rubbish,makes regulations that you must get A in every examination ,forbid watching TV, forbid having a meal without playing piano well.what can foster children with discipline and consciousness and can acquire lots of knowledge in a short period oftime, but this must with laking of happiness of children as the cost. Some Chinese parents deprive children beautiful childhood, let them bear hardships for the sake of getting happiness in the future. The Chinese children have a heavy burden is the fact. It is said that examination-oriented education is the chief criminal what makes children low happiness index.The education of “Cat Father” is over democrary, He Build an easy surroundings for his daughter which not only make children comprehensive development but also reduce psychological burden. So children have their own opinions and foster autonomy mode of thinking and motivate creative ability but this stocking pattern is over indulgence, tolerant and spoiling which make them loss discipline and principle.This way of education can give children more happiness and bear little hardships since they were kids. As they grow up ,they come across lots of difficulties and are at a loss.I think both ways of education have the superior and inferior. We should find a balance point between this two way, give children more leisure time , also let them bearhardships. Not only let them feel happiness, but also let them know happiness must be strived for by themselvesA:Today, we will discuss which styles of parenting is good for the children with different age group. Now, we start with a 5-year-old preschooler. What do you think about that.B: There is no doubt that authoritative parenting style is very good for a 5-year-old preschooler.As we all know ,a 5-year-old children usually do something just like the adults do and can’t distinguish which is wrong or right . he should be guided to know the world .This is our responsibility.C:On the whole, l agree with you, just a little added, l think sometimes the parents should be uninvolved, because a 5-year-old child also do something by curiosity ,we should protect this curiosity ,just don’t make major mistake ,they can do as they like. D:l think two answers together will be better ,then, how about a 14-year-old teenager. B: In my opinion ,authoritative parenting style is very useful. A good example is "The Tiger Mather". Her parenting style is very rigid or even abusive. Maybe we can call that "tough love ".C: Yes. A resent study showed that teenagers brought up according to "tough love " principles are more successful in life .A: Yes, em ,that might be true ,but usually, a 14-year-old teenager become rebellious, they have their own ideas and don’t like the adults tell them what to do and how to do anymore .D: That is true .Teenagers have their own understanding about this world. What they need is not orders but instruction. B: So do you mean permissive parenting style is much better?A:l just think if their parents are permissive and think more about children’ ideas, the child will be ready to share their happiness and troubles with you ,just like with a friend ,and ready to listen to your suggestion.B:That sounds really good also!A:Em,liuYuLi, could l ask you a question ?C:Certainly.A:How old are you?C:O__O”…A:Certainly, l just want to know ,when you are 21-year-old, which type did you hope your parents to be?C:Permissive Parenting.Adequate freedom is required for a 21-year-old college student,and we also need some care from parents beacause we are not enough mature to deal with all the things that we faced.So, permissive parenting is a good method. D:I agree with you. An uninvolved parenting style is characterized by few demands, low responsiveness and little communication. These children tend to lack self-control, have low self-esteem and are less competent than their peers.Permissive parenting is better.A:What’s your opinion,B?B:l think ,the opinions about this differ from people to people,just like some parents’ styles of parenting are different .but the result may be the same good.Topic：”the biggest challenge of the university life”C: Hello, everyone, I’m the journalist of the WHUT newspaper. September 6th, we came to Wuhan University of Technology for our postgraduate degree. So, we have been in university for 4 years and 2 months.In the university, we have more spare time than before. The classrooms where we study are not certain rooms, but the mathematics one is here and the English one is there, and we even don’t have deskmates. What’s more, we have to determine our own research direction and write papers. And above all, though we all have a supervisor to guide us, what we’ll gain during our university life all depends on ourselves.It’s entirely different from high school. We may meet a lot of challenges here, so, what is the biggest challenge? Let’s go to find out the answer.(Y, L and G move towards C.)C: Hi, May I have an interview with you guys?Y: Yeah, of course.L: Sure Certainly. (Nod to C)G: Sure, sure.C: OK, may I have your names first?Y: My name is Yang Qingbai. I come from Hubei province. This is Gu Mengjun, and this is Liujie. They are both my classmates.L: Yeah, we are all major in civil engineering.C: Civil engineering? That may be very difficult to learn.G: Absolutely, it’s so hard.C: Well, you must have problems in your study. Is that your biggest challenge in your university life, the difficulty in learning?G: Yes, especially read and write in academic English. I think it’s the biggest challenge in the university. One of the most important factor contributes to it may be the lack of specialized vocabulary. Maybe many students have passed the CET-4 and CET-6 or even TOFFL and IELTS, it’s still hard to read and write in academic English. So we cannot emphasis the importance of accumulating specialized vocabulary to much.Y: Even I have to admit that from your point of view, learning specialized vocabulary is not an easy task, but it’s not my biggest problem. My biggest challenge is time management, you know, you have to be able to do parts of your big dissertation, therefore, we do not have so much time to take part in social activity. C: Yeah, that’s a good point. Many people, not just students, all have this problem. What’s yours, Miss L iu?L: I'm a local, so in my opinion, one of the biggest challenges I've ever faced with is getting involved in new environment.It's known that university students are come from the all corners of our country. They grow up in different local customs, which forms the new environment differ from high school. We must respect every student and communicating with others. Weshould adapt ourselves to the new environment. This progress will make us easygoing and confident.C: All in all, we know that time management, getting involved in new environment and reading and writing in academic English are the biggest challenges in university life. But we have to face these and overcome the difficulty. The challenge is necessary for us to succeed in the future.So, th ank you for today’s interview and good luck with your university life. Zhang: Good morning, you guys! Hey! Wangxiaoxiong! You look great today! See? What a nice suit!Liu(low voice):That is unusual ,he is so enthusiastic！I guess that is not a good sign! Teng: I think so!Wang: You were never so friendly to me before unless you got some troubles! So, what’s going on?Zhang:Ur…As a friend of mine ,you really shouldn’t put me into this kind of embarrassing situation！To be honest, several days ago，it’s November 11，bachelor’s day ,and I asked a girl out for a date …Wang:Let me guess, you ran out of your money and you want my help ,right? Zhang: Exactly！Liu(to Teng):You see? We knew it!Wang: There again !What else purpose can you come here for? I always regard you as my friend ,but every time you were here ,in front of me ,you were talking about the money stuff ,don’t you think that there should be something more than just money between us?Liu(to Zhang):You shouldn’t always mention money, as the saying goes:To talk about money hurt the feelings!Zhang: I’m sorry, but…Teng(to Zhang):Take it easy! They are not meant to put the blame on you!Wang: How much do you want?Zhang: (put up a finger)Wang: A hundred? oh, please, that’s not your style!Zhang: In fact, it’s 1000 !Teng: You must be kidding!Liu(to wang):Perhaps you can sell one of your kidney and lend him the money generously!Teng(to Liu):Please !Don’t be so ironical! He won’t come here for your help if he has money! Now that he is here ,he must have some difficulties about money！Wang:You know ,every time you tell me the amount of money that you want to borrow from me, you are driving me crazy! Tengzhongzheng, perhaps you can tell him how many times and how much money in total that he has borrowed from me! Teng:5 times within 2 months, and you have lent 2000 yuan to him in total!Liu(to Zhang):You are borrowing money from him too often, even this guy ,with a bad memory ,can figure it out clearly! You really should care about his feelings ! Teng (to Zhang):Their words do not sound good! But , seriously, they are reasonable! Zhang(turn around and start to leave) I understand ,I really deserve it!Wang（draw out the money）:Hey, come on,500 ,not a dime more! That’s all I can do!Teng: Most importantly, we should be happy. Although money does not always guarantee our happiness！(draw out the money) Sometimes, it does! This is my share,300 yuanLiu: In thi s case, I would rather shut up and take out my money, here’s my 200 yuan!记者（金靓）：Hello everyone, welcome to “you are the moon in my heart” weekly sections for specific kinds of features on education. I am the reporter meijia. In the traditional teaching, we always use the traditional grade system to evaluate students. But after several decades with the popularity of traditional grade system, a hard discussion on how to evaluate students has been going on in the community .Now we came to Wuhan University of Technology to survey the opinion of the teachers and students.Hello, do you have the time? We are making an interview for the advantages and disadvantages of traditional grade system , so what’s your opinion?甲（张博）：I think the hundred-mark system is a very good evaluation method, because the score is divided into 100 parts by the hundred-mark system, so we can use it to measure our study in detail.乙（叶会良）：No, no, I do not think so! First, it may not be that much fair. At the second time, too much emphasis on scores brings us much psychological pressure. As students, score is not the most important. Practical experience is also very important for us. For an example, if someone did a good job in practice but got a poor mark in his study, can we say that he is not a good student?甲（张博）：Pressure produces power. The hundred-mark system can improve our efficiency of learning and proficiency of knowledge. So it is better.乙（叶会良）：The rank system can achieve the same effect and overcome the defect of the hundred mark system. Many people know that the final goal of study is to find a good job. But someone who did a good job in study may not finish a job perfectly. To have a good performance in work, we need many other skills.记者（金靓）：How about you?丙：I think the hundred-mark system should not be completely abolished.乙（叶会良）：What are your reasons?丙：The number of Chinese students is too much, and the hundred-mark system is a direct and convenient evaluation method, so it is very suitable for current condition of China. But we cannot ignore its disadvantages. As a result, we should carry out a reformation properly to this system, and create a new system, which do not take the scores as the only evaluation index of students, but take comprehensive consideration to student s' virtue, wisdom, body, art and labor.记者（金靓）：Someone assumes that the traditional grade system should be continue to reserve, while someone thinks that it should apply grade system, and someone remains neutral. But in this stage it’s unrealistic to abolish the traditional grade system. It still needs to explore deeply that how to correct the disadvantages and exploit the advantages to the full. And thanks everyone for watching “you are the moon in my heart” and we look forward to seeing you next time. Bye!“The Good Students”组员：刘俊翟星梅世涛Liu：Good morning，everybody. Welcome to our talk time on campus broadcasting station. Today we will discuss something about the good students. Do you think that you are a good student？In the past ，a “good student”referred to one who was onlygood at studies. But now whether the criteria of a good student changed or not？Today，Our guests are two students from Wuhan University of Technology. Zhai Xing and Mei Shitao，Welcome！Sit down, please. You are all graduate students now，do you think you are the good students？Mei：Yes，of course.Liu：Why？What kind of students is the good student in you eyes？Mei：（Laughing…）I got high marks on my study and read many books. I think that it is very important for college students to study hard. Firstly, a college student withou t rich knowledge couldn’t be very useful to the society. What he can reward the society is very little. Secondly, he may hardly find a good job and live a respectable life on account of lack of knowled-ge. This is also a great loss to himself when he couldn’t find a place in the society. Finally, college students are young and energetic and a college provides the b est place for them to grasp scienceand technology. If they can make full use of time, they are certain to learn something and improve themselves. Therefore, college students should realize the importance of learning and try to obtain as much knowledge as possible. Only by this can we be goo d students.Some students don’t like to study. They are more interested in doing other kind of pra ctical work or relaxing and enjoying themselves. They say that it is no use learning th e knowledge from textbooks when you won’t use this at all in your whole life. Even w hen you look for a job, they won’t pay much attention to your academic records. They put more emphasis on who you are, where you are from and whom you know. But I want to say study is the most important thing as a student，high scores is the best standard to good student.Zhai：I don’t think so. As society is developing，the criteria of a good student are changing. In addition to being good at studies，a student is also encouraged to cultivate interests in many other things, such as sports, painting and music. We can learn what we can’t learn from books, which will be beneficial t o us in our future works. You know, there is a popular saying that all work and no play make Jack a dull boy. he saying tells us a very simple meaning, After class activities in campus plays a very important roles in our life. I prefer to play basketball with my friends after class. In fact, I think I have achieved the great harvest through this game, such as team work, competition and most important is how to face to failure. Generally speaking, the main purpose of after class activities is to let us learn from experience at an age when tuition fee is not very costly.In addition, if you play badminton with you friends after one or two hours’ work, and after that you proceed with you work. Doing so, you can improve your working efficiency. In any case, you must keep in mind that have a healthy body is the most important and happy thing in our life. Having varied interests and abilities，which to solve problems and communicate maybe the new criteria of a good student.Liu：I agree with you，If a man reads very hard，he will have little time for thought. The criteria of a good student are changing for the better. On one hand ，the growth of one's personality depends on a variety of factors，in addition to that of academiclearning. On the other hand，the development of modern civilization requires that education should lay emphasis not only on school subjects but on the ability to solve problems and communicate as well. Therefore，this change is beneficial both to the student and to society as a whole.(shaking hands with Zhai &Mei) Ok ，thank you very much for coming to our program today. It was really a great pleasure talking with you. (facing the audience)Ok, that is the end of today’s talk, if you have any other ideas ，please call me after program ，thank all of you to listening，and I hope you tune in to our program once again next week. Thank you again，bye.A: What do you like to do in your spare time?B: I like reading books.C: Why do you like reading?B: I think the books not only broaden my horizon but also give me inspiration. What is your opinion?A: Reading is also my favorite. As soon as I got a foreign novel , at first, I would like to scan it quickly and look for help from the dictionary if some new words affect my reading. Next, I would try to find out the main idea and learn something meaningful from it. Finally, according to the novel, I will write a reading experience. Through the whole process, I could appreciate the pleasure of reading. And you?D: I also enjoy reading, because reading makes a full man. When I have sparetime ,I’m forward to reading magazines, inspirational books ,story books and so on. C: So do I, because books serve for delight, for ornament and for ability.A: What kind of book is your favorite?C: My favorite book is inspirational book. What about you ?B: Chinese classic novels are my favorite, because they have very good plot and many of them have realistic meanings.C: And mine is biography. For it can give me strength and excite my mind.A: Magic novels written by the foreigners may leave deep impression on me. why do you like inspirational books?D: I have learnt to actively face the life by reading these books . When I meet with difficulties and setbacks , I often use the authors’ life experiences to motivate myself. C: I want to read such kind of books, would you like to give me some advice?D: OK，I’m very glad to introduce my favorite book for you . In my university, I read the book named the Walk into Future which is written by Li Kaifu. The book is myfavorite book. After reading the book, I leant many valuable lessons of life. So I hope that if you have spare time, you can read the book.B: Wow, may be next time I should try to read that book. Now , let me introduce my favorite book—Dream of Red Mansion. It is one of the best Chinese classic novels . It was created by Cao Xueqin, and some parts of it were written by GaoE. Although it describes the decline of a prosperous feudal aristocratic family, the plot of it connects us with the decline of the Qing dynasty. I also think the love between Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu is very impressive. I love it very much. To open a book is always beneficial . So no matter what kind of book it is ,I hope our students can do more reading.C: And for me, just like I have said .biography is my favourite kind. And among this kind of books I have read. I like celebrity biography most, which is written by Romain Rolland. The book depict three great persons, you know Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy. And of the three people, Beethoven do impress me most. As we all know, Beethoven is a great musician whose life is full of rough, but finally he conqueue all the difficulties by his strong will and strong enthusiasm for the life. He once said I will seize fate by the throat, it shall never wholly overcome me. His spirit encourages me all the time.A: Very well-done. Next, I will introduce my reasons for reading. The most important is that I can improve my English ability during the period. What is more, it may bring me into a magic world and make myself feel relaxed. Besides, it may help me have more confidenceD: Our discussion about the topic is over. Thank you.A: 段龙飞B：罗清泉C: 田金鹏D: 王倩Topic：Some people prefer to spend their free time outdoors. Other people prefer to spend their leisure time indoors. Interview five of your classmates and then report your findings to the whole class.Y: Hello everyone, welcome to the campus radio. I’m Yinyayun. It is a sunny Sunday again.Are you going to have sports outdoors orstay at home and watch TV? There are so many choices.Let’s listen to the three boys' plan.Hi guys. What’s your plan of the leisure time?D: Sometime indoor but sometime outdoor.Admittedly, indoor activities are fun. There's no doubt that indoor activities like reading a book, watching TV or listening to music can bring us lots of joy. My involvement in those static activities indeed helps me release my complex emotion and relax my mind. Further, being worn out in working, I can take a rest when immersing myself in those activities.However, being outdoor seems to allow recreation to happen more easily than being indoors do. The word recreation literally means "re-creation'; in other words, creating one's self all over again. Spending time outdoors, people can breathe fresh air, feel the warm sun on their face and enjoy the complete peace that only nature brings.Y: I see, your leisure time is very colorful. How about yours, Chen?C: Now, my leisure time is occupied by many things which my teacher arranged. I spend more time at office work. I want to go out and enjoy my wonderful life.I prefer to spend my free time outdoor because I can breath fresh air, enjoy beautiful views, do some exercise to make me health. it can make me relax ,this will give me the physical strength to keep on working and studying.Y: Wow. You are so poor. I think you must be very tired. So Huanjin, is your leisure time full of studies?H: No. My decision to spend free time indoors or outdoors is vastly dependent on the season. During the spring, I enjoy going on long walks through parks and watching the world come alive. I prefer to spend the daytime anywhere that is air-conditioned such as a library, a shopping center, a cinema and so on in the summer.I love to be outside during the fall and see the life of the city returning to its hibernation. During the Winter ,I prefer to stay at home and read a good book.Y: Yeah, I think your arrangement of leisure time is very reasonable. Thanks for your interview.In the modern time, we students must study hard to gain knowledge. So many students may make their leisure time full of study, but we also need outdoor activities to relax ourselves.That’s all, thank you.C: Hello, the winter holiday is coming. So, what's your plan to enjoy yourselves?G: Oh, we plan to have a travel.L: Wow, travel. That may be exciting, and where will you go?Y: At present, we want to have a tour to Beijing or Xi’an. If we have enough time, we’ll visit both of them.C: Well, Beijing or Xi’an. Let me guess, you want to appreciate the ancient architecture.G: That’s the point. You know, there are many differences between ancient and modern architecture in China.C: Yeah, we know that, the ancient architectures are mostly made of wood or red bricks. For example, the Palace Museum, is famous for its Beijing imperial style, which is with wooden structure, yellow glazed tile roof and decorated with beautiful paintings. While, the modern architectures are always made of steel, cement and concrete. And they use a lot of new technologies, such as anti-seismic technology, new energy technology and so on. The structure of the building is so complex. We can build the skyscraper, you know, the Shanghai World Financial Center.L: Yes, the Shanghai World Financial Centre has been finished at the height of 492m. It used to be one of the highest buildings in our country. This must be amazing for the ancient people, because the buildings in the ancient time were less than 3 floors. The ancient architectures were mostly built by experience and simple tools, while the modern architectures were built by theories and advanced machines. Nowadays, we must consider varies of aspects to make buildings stable and safe at first, such as thedesign of structure systems, the design of seismic resistance and related experiments. So, I think, more and more high-rises and skyscrapers will be put up in future.G: Well, I think the main difference between the ancient and modern architecture is the culture. The ancient architecture is often distinct and elegant while the modern one is western influenced。
翻译Unit Six1. Fourteen years of higher我十四年的大学教育和在几所常春藤大学工作的经历使得我傻乎乎站在那里笨拙不堪，尴尬不已。
有个朋友称这种现象为“常春藤错位：2. To consider that while some opportunities但是在这个背景下，如果认为它创造了一些机会，却丧失了其他机会，培养了有些能力，却削弱了其他能力，不仅是大逆不道的而且是不可思议的。
3. There is nothing wrong对自己的智慧或者知识感到自豪没有任何不对的地方，问题出现在名牌大学录取通知书进入家门的时刻起，是名牌大学所纵容的沾沾自喜和自我吹捧。
4. Not the most abject academic failure不管是最绝望的课程不及格,还是最可恶的抄袭劣行，甚至对其他同学的身体伤害的威胁等都不会被开除，这三种情况我都听说过。
5. Long before they got to college在他们进入大学之前很久就已经把自己变成了世界一流的俯首帖耳.讨好老师的小爬虫，在每门课上都得优秀成绩，不管他们觉得这个老师多么乏味，不管他觉得这门课程多么没有意义。
他们也尽力积累八到十个课外活动，不管多么想用这些时间做别的事情。
6. Certainly many neurotic对于那些在生育高峰期出生，已为人父母的人和她们焦虑不安，整日忙于增加阅历.以使简历内容更加丰富的十几岁的孩子来说，选择哈佛大学当然比重点州立大学更好。
因为哈佛大概有优越的教育环境，更好的校友圈子，以及更加诱人的校园招聘机会。
7.lts true that big law firms这也是事实，如果你想在被当做美国经基金基石的公司某得一份职业,如苏利文•克伦威尔律师事务,麦肯锡,高盛等,那么一份镶金的学位证书无疑是一个独特的优势。
8. The advantages of Harvard宾夕法尼亚大学的教育教授Robert Zemsky认为读有名大学是划算的，他这样说r这就好比是旋转木马上的铜环。
Unit 1 跨文化交流中的绊脚石1.为什么我们与来自其他文化的人们的交流总是充满了误会，让人感到沮丧呢？令很多人奇怪的是，即使怀着良好的愿望、使用自己认为是友好的方式，甚至有互利的可能性，也似乎都不足以保证交流的成功.有时候，出现排斥现象正是因为一方所属的文化群体团体是“不同"的。
在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。
2.相似性的假设为什么误解或反对会产生呢？这个问题的一个回答就是，大部分的人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处,可以让我们成功地交流信息或感受，解决共同关注的一些问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。
所有的人都会生儿育女，组成家庭或社会，发展一种语言以及适应他们周围环境的这种倾向特别具有欺骗性,因为它带来了一种期望，这种期望就是这些行为的形式以及围绕这些行为的态度与价值观念将是相似的。
相信“人就是人"和“我们内在本质是相似的"，这让人感到心安理得，但是下定决心去寻找证据却只会令人失望.3.力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合，我们人类各成员都是一样的。
但是这似乎无济于事,只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑，决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。
带来这种情绪感受的情形也因文化而异，例如:由于崇拜的文化信仰不同，一个心爱的人死亡可能带来欢乐、悲哀或其他情感。
4.因为似乎没有普遍的人性可以作为自动理解的基础，所以我们必须把每次交往当作个别案例来处理,寻求任何共同的认知和交流方法并以此作为出发点.如果我们认识到我们受文化的约束，受文化的改变,那么我们就会接受这一现实：因为各自不同，我们确实不太清楚其他人“是”什么样的。
武汉理工大学研究生英语阅读书翻译答案Unit5P108 V ocabularyⅠBlank filling1.molecular2.hyperactive3.integrated4.retention5.condense6.clerical7.alert8.aesthetically/doc/8f8085689.html,pelling10undeniablyⅡMacthing1.c2.d3.b4.f5.a6.e7.gP113Translation1.一项新的研究消除了某些美国人所珍视的观点，即音乐能够提高孩子的智力。
2.对于这一点，仅有几十项研究检验过传闻中的学习音乐对智力的益处，其中只有5项采用了随机对照研究，即所设计的研究将因果效应分离出来。
3.尽管这一效应只持续了大约15分钟，但却被吹嘘成智力有可持续的提高，乔治亚州州长泽尔·米勒就在1998年承若每年拿出超过1000,000美元的资金用于给该州每位儿童提供一张古典音乐的唱片。
4.我们交孩子莎士比亚不是因为我们认为这能帮助他们在大学入学考试中做得更好，我们这样做是因为我们认为莎士比亚很重要。
5.在整个人类历史和古代，音乐代表了人类这一动物不可或缺的品质以及世界上每一种文化的共性——包括儿童音乐。
Unit6P124 V ocabulary1.sparky2.heave3.slump4.darts off5.lurks6.teeming7.rampart8.tumble9.trips off the tongue 10.Staggering11-15 BDACA 16-20 BDADA 21-25 CABDC 26-27 BACritical Thinking1-5CCDBD 6-10CDADC 11-15CBDBA 16-10CDDDD 21-25DDADDP131Translation assignment1.现在宝贵的泥沙被水坝拦住了，却没有排水的有效办法。
UNIT 11，公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘，而且能够引起广泛关注，激励人们采取行动。
The slogans and characters in the public service ads are more than memorable-they raise a awareness, inspire individuals to take action.2，大学的最终结果应该由学生在课堂上的种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识的运用，是否接受了扎实的基础教育，是否在某一个特殊领域称职。
The u ltimate outcomes of college education should be measured by the student’s performance in classroom as they become proficient in the use of language, acquire a solid basic education and become competent in a specific filed.3，美丽的校园为我们提供一个理想空间，让我们沉思找到灵感，以助于我们更好的旅行。
The beautiful campus provides an ideal space for contemplation and inspiration to aid us in that journey.4，在知识之旅上，你们不是独行者。
我们有出色的师资和员工。
他们致力于求知和理解，将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们。
You are not alone in the journey of knowledge; we have excellent teachers and staffs who are dedicated in the search of knowledge and understanding. They will support and inspire you in the journey.5，人们的生活离不开自热，只是自然资源保护论者的第一原则。
武⼤研究⽣英语教材课后翻译汉译英1.中国和欧洲是两⼤战略⼒量，肩负推动全球经济发展、促进⼈类⽂明进步、维护世界和平的崇⾼使命，双⽅正在形成不断放⼤的战略交集。
中国是最⼤的新兴市场国家，欧盟是最⼤的发达经济体，"最⼤"与"最⼤"交融,⼀切都有可能，"新兴"与"发达"携⼿，优势就会倍增，中欧在新兴和发达经济体合作中可以成为典范。
China and Europe are two major strategic forces. We both undertake the lofty mission of promoting global economy, advancing human civilization and progress and safeguarding world peace. The two sides are expanding their converging strategic interests. China is the largest emerging market and the EU the largest developed economy. Nothing is impossible when the two "largests" converge.And strength will be multiplied if the "emerging" meets the "developed".China-EU cooperation may serve as a fine example of that between the emerging and developed economies.2.近40年的中欧关系，已由⼀棵⼩苗长成枝繁叶茂的⼤树，这棵树上挂满了累累果实。
.公益广告中地口号和形象不仅令人难忘，而且能引起广泛关注，激励人们采取行动.—, .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.大学教育地最终结果应该有学生在课堂上地种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识地运用，受否接受了扎实地基础教育，是否在某一特殊领域称职.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习’ , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.美丽地校园为我们提供一个理想空间，让我们沉思找到灵感，以助我们更好旅行..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.在知识之旅上，你们不是独行者.我们有出色地师资和员工.他们致力于求知和理解，将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习. ’ . , , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.人们地生活离不开自然，这是自然资源保护论者地第一原则.然而，人们不能在自然中生活而不对其加以改造.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习: . , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.世界经济飞速发展以及经济和科技领域地激烈竞争，对教育提出了强有力地挑战., .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.由于欧盟设定了严格标准以减少垃圾填埋并提倡包装地循环利用，包装行业目前受到了从未有过地严格监督., .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.中国与发达国家在科技领域存在着差距，因此必须依赖科技和教育地发展来推行可持续发展战略., , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.自从那次吵架后，他们之间已经开始疏远了., .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.他渐渐发现自己将来并不适合当大学老师..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.狐狸炸死以欺骗猎人..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.这家旅馆使我联想起我们去年住过地那一家..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.他们被建议创作一首新歌来做为该唱片地一个卖点，但是两个人都认为这会引起音乐风格地冲突..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.全国任命都屏息以待，看谁将在选举中获胜..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.一个谦虚地学者从来不自称对自己研究地课题已经作了详尽无遗地研究..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.他们最近做成了一笔交易..有人说这世界是男人地天下，然而，根据市场调查公司地研究，大多数购物和娱乐消费都是由女人做主地.人们早就知道，家人衣着和家庭装饰大多由女人做主，但这次对美国万个家庭所做地调查却表明，其他一些购买决策行为中也存在着令人惊异地性别分野.根据调查结果，在挑选电影、餐馆和电视节目地时候，男人也会听从女人地意见.此外，调查数据还表明，由女人说了算地事情还包括在电影院里坐什么位置、上哪儿去买食品以及请哪些客人到家里来.实际上，男人只在选购上人电子产品、买家用轿车以及制订家庭预算等事情上有些许发言权.主持此次调查地公司首席分析师马歇尔·科恩说，文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习购买行为中地性别差异对广告业、传媒业及培训行业来说意义重大.他说：“管理品牌、推销产品或是从事广告工作地人必须密切注意消费者动态地变化.”文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习’ ’ , , . ’ , . . , , , . , . , , , . “ ’ ,,” .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.我想不出来那位戴眼镜地女士是谁.’ .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.我们必须想出解决这个问题地办法...这家医院没有像样地设备...他地健康归功于均衡地膳食和锻炼.. 文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.我真不愿意周末上班..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.这不仅是一种运动，也是一门艺术.’ .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.我非常愿意开车送你去机场.’ .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.当他醒来时，发现自己躺在医院地病床上., .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.你应该学会克制你地脾气...我对这部影片里地任何角色都难以认同..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.数月来他历经挫折而不断努力，终于有了收获., .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.她把她地意思解释得清清楚楚...像大多数地夫妻一样，他俩地婚姻波折迭起，但生活就是这样.’ , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.经过寒冷地冬天，大家都渴望天气有所好转., .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.这个广告是针对儿童设计地..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.这种骚乱仅仅是人们不满地一种表露而已.’ .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.原始人用尖石块和兽骨为自己制作原始地工具..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.他讲话时举止适度，措辞准确，通过那些由辉格党人、和平主义者、草案抵制者以及嬉皮士所组成地大杂烩截然不同，这些人年前创建了该组织.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习, , , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.但我本人以及英国首相托尼·布莱尔曾非常明确地表示：如果他（萨达姆）不全面合作地话，我们别我选择，只有在不进行进一步谈判或警告地情况下就采取行动.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习, , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.选举形式地扭转并非取决于从左派导游牌地压倒性变化，而是取决于每年到地那些举棋不定地（选民地）选票.这些选票被称为游移选票；这些选民易受感情而不是思想意识地左右.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习, , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.多尔地竞选班子把这作为两人之间地一场竞赛是有道理地.多尔言简意赅，举止文雅，言辞可信；而比尔·克林顿则像个走家串户地推销员，满嘴油腔滑调地行径，只不过是个装满破烂货地皮箱.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习, .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.作为一名初涉政坛地年轻人，我曾试图想出如何调和矛盾调和我那种想使人们变得有教养、和睦相处、彼此尊重地本能愿望同保持自己地想法并反对那些观点跟自己相左之人地需要之间地矛盾.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习, .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.严峻地考验在于今后地年中，美国人是否会回首年，并因此说：我们对公职地要求太高，以至于只有圣人才会申请；或者说我们把标准降得太低，以至于道德威信不再属于工作职责之列.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习, .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.韩国人对（他们国家地）变化是太快还是太慢意见不一致，同样，对他们国家地民主是什么或应什么，他们地意见不一致.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.尤其难以解释地事实是：克林顿地顾问们在根据一层套一层地“如果怎样就会怎样”地假设来考虑各种可能地情况，而绝大多数假设都远非他们所能控制地.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习’ , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.汽车诞生后发展很快，不久就代替了马.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.由于汽车污染环境并严重伤害人体，甚至杀人，我们可能不得不削减私人拥有汽车地数量而更多地依赖公共交通系统.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.汽车轮子给我们带来了更好、更为便利地交通时，它也对诸如空气污染、交通事故、交通拥挤之类地许多问题负责.文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习() , , , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.美国人对汽车地热爱以及他们较大地工作流动性是出了名地..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.要是燃料质量和效率地提高和技术地进步能大大减少汽车地排放量，那该多好啊..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.在美国，高速发达地公路网使在各地之间来来往往成为可能..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.一想到这条林荫大道地建设速度，参观者都感到吃惊：这条路不久前还在开挖及铺设排水管.; .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.环境保护主义者严厉谴责汽车，认为汽车是产生空气污染地主要因素., .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.由于有便利地公共交通，在大都市地市郊，许多新建地住宅群拔地而起..文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.尽管非常喜欢汽车，许多人还是相信广泛使用公共交通系统能够缓解交通拥挤., , .文档收集自网络，仅用于个人学习.被疑为。
1 1.Science and science education teaching practices have come under closer scrutiny in the United States.美国对其科学及科学教育教学实践进行了更为周密的调查研究。
2.The educational system in the United States stands apart from the rest of the world.美国的教育体系与世界其他国家的相比可谓独树一帜。
3.Universities must teach in a student-sensitive manner and offer, shopping-mall style，/a great variety of courses that will attract as many students as possible.大学的教学必须要顾及学生的需求，要以购物中心的方式提供多门课程去吸引尽可能多的学生。
4.The difference is small enough to be more than offset by the fact that…在生产率上和欧洲的差距小得足以被抵消掉。
5.A high level of scientific understanding among the general population is connected to expectations of high productivity in the work place.人们期望大众对科学的深刻理解可以带来工作场所的高生产率。
1.公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘，而且能引起广泛关注，激励人们采取行动。
The slogans and characters in the public service messages are more than memorable--they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action.2.大学教育的最终结果应该由学生在课堂的种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识的运用，是否接受了扎实的基础教育，是否在某一特殊领域称职。
Unit 11.Marva was a striking woman with high cheekbones and strong angular features.马文是一个引人注目的女人, 她有着高高的颧骨，瘦而强健。
2.Slender though not willowy, Marva was immediately discernible in a crowd—even without the visibility afforded by her height—for she had acquired a poise and sophistication that gave her appearance a deliberate style.马文老师瘦削而不软弱，就算她没有那么高，在人群中时还是一眼就能识别出来——因为她有着特别的镇静及教养，这些都使她有了一种严谨的风格。
3.In Marva’s opinion, it was important to have a unique imprint.在Marva老师看来，给人留下独特的印象是很重要的.4.she was so determined.，or just plain stubborn .马文老师意志坚定，抑或仅仅是固执。
5.There was excitement building and Marva worked the momentum, like an entertainer who felt the pulse of an audience.马文老师触动了孩子们兴奋的神经，她就像是一个能够触到观众脉搏的表演者。
6.I had a teacher once who called his students 'idiots' when they screwed up. He was our orchestra conductor, a fierce Ukrainian immigrant named Jerry Kupchynsky, and when someone played out of tune, he would stop the entire group to yell.曾经有一位老师，他把那些将事情搞砸了的学生称为“白痴”。
GlassIt is well known that glasses play an important role as one of building materials ordinary living products. Advanced and specialty glasses also play important roles in several industries. In the last several years, these materialshave continued to find new applications in the areas of telecommunications, electronics, and biomedical uses. Glass compositions and processing techniques continue to evolve to suit the increasing number of applications. Some of the glass compositions have distinctive properties that make them the most preferred materials for certain applications, such as optical fibers, electronic displays, biocompatible implants, dental posterior materials, and high-performance composites.众所周知，玻璃作为建筑材料普通生活产品之一起着重要的作用。
先进和特种玻璃也在许多行业也起着重要作用。
在过去几年中，这些材料继续在电讯，电子，生物医学领域发现新的应用。
为适应日益剧增的应用，玻璃的组分和加工技术不断发展。
Unit 11.公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘，而且能引起广泛关注，激励人们采取行动。
The slogans and characters in the public service message are more than memorable—they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action.2.大学教育的最终结果应该有学生在课堂上的种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识的运用，受否接受了扎实的基础教育，是否在某一特殊领域称职。
The outcomes of collegiate education should be measured by the student’s performance in classroom as they become proficient in the use of knowledge, acquire a solid basic education and become competent in a specific field.3.美丽的校园为我们提供一个理想空间，让我们沉思找到灵感，以助我们更好旅行。
The beautiful campus provides an ideal space for contemplation an inspiration to aid us in that journey.4.在知识之旅上，你们不是独行者。
我们有出色的师资和员工。
他们致力于求知和理解，将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们。
It is vital to develop an action plan and timetable early in the process in order to allow for an orderly transition of responsibilities. You’ll not be expected to undertake this intellectual journey on your own. We have an exceptional faculty and staff, dedicated to the search for knowledge andunderstanding, who will support and encourage you in your journey.5.人们的生活离不开自然，这是自然资源保护论者的第一原则。
武汉理工大学研究生英语下学期6到10单元纯翻译句子Unit 6My dictionary never became very large and after a while I turned to making a football scrapbook like most other children of my age, but for a few months I put some effort in my attempt to outdo the Oxford English.我的字典没有变得丰富起来，所以一段时间之后我就跟我的同龄儿童一样转而编写足球剪贴簿，但是有几个月，我努力的想要超过《牛津英语词典》。
When a word occurs in such phrases, they are either indicated indictionary entry or they have entries to themselves.当短语中出现这样的词时，它们要么在词典的条目中标出，要么单独列为词条。
Ireworded them of course ― even at the tender age of 12, I wasintuitively aware of the dangers of plagiarism ― but I saw my role as one of collating the wisdom of previous lexicographers.当我进行改写-即使是在12岁这么一个幼小的年纪，我从直觉上就意识到剽窃的危害-但是我也意识到我的角色就是整理以前词典编纂家的智慧。
Now that all these new descriptive facts, including word frequencies, common patterns of collocation etc., are at our disposal, it is self-evident that they should be recorded in the dictionary to reflect accurately the state of the contemporary language.既然所有这些新的统计数据已经在手，包括词频、常见词语搭配形式等，将它们收录在词典里准确地反映当代语言的状况是理所当然的。
武汉理工大学研究生英语Units-1-8课后习题答案及课文翻译Unit1SchoolingPassageOneVocabulary1.striking2.slenderimpeccable3.discernible4.sloppy5.sagacity6.arrogance7.vow8.homonym9.glistening10.fixtheblameonPassageTwoVocabulary1.A2.B3.C4.A5.B6.D7.A8.D9.D10.CTranslation1.我曾经遇到过这样一位管弦乐指挥严师。
当有人弹错时，他怒骂他为白痴”；当有人弹走音时，他暂停指挥，怒吼。
他就是杰瑞·卡帕琪斯基——乌克兰移民。
2.传统的观念认为老师应该为学生梳理知识，而不是一味的把知识塞进他们的脑袋里。
作业和小组学习都是备受青睐的学习手段。
传统的方法，如讲授和背诵，都被讥讽为“钻杀”，被人反对，被贬为是用正确的方法来蚕食年轻一代的创造力和积极性。
3.死记硬背现在被作为解释来自印度（印度人的记忆力让人赞不绝口）家庭的孩子在全国拼字比赛中大胜对手的一个原因。
4.当然，我们也担心失败会给孩子造成精神创伤，削弱他们的自尊。
5.研究人员曾以为，最有效的老师会通过小组学习和讨论带领学生学习知识。
PassageOne马文科林斯的方法在人群中，马文老师总是会显得很醒目：她有着高高的颧骨，瘦而强健，这都遗传自她那乔克托印第安人血统的曾祖母。
马文老师瘦削而不柔弱，就算她没有那么高，在人群中时还是一眼就能识别出来——因为她有着特别的镇静及教养，这些都使她有了一种严谨的风格。
马文很少穿宽松衣服，也决不穿宽大的直筒连衣裙或不正式的短衫及裙子。
马文认为宽大的衣服是对自己、对学生、对教师这一职业的不敬。
从开学的第一天起，马文老师总会告诉设法让孩子们懂得：自尊是一个人最可宝贵的东西。
马文的着装总是无可挑剔，这既是为了自己，也是为了学生们：她爱穿开司米羊毛衫、套装以及人字形花呢服装。
Unit 11.公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘，而且能引起广泛关注，激励人们采取行动。
The slogans and characters in the public service message are more than memorable—they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action.2.大学教育的最终结果应该有学生在课堂上的种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识的运用，受否接受了扎实的基础教育，是否在某一特殊领域称职。
The outcomes of collegiate education should be measured by the student’s performance in classroom as they become proficient in the use of knowledge, acquirea solid basic education and become competent in a specific field.3.美丽的校园为我们提供一个理想空间，让我们沉思找到灵感，以助我们更好旅行。
The beautiful campus provides an ideal space for contemplation an inspiration to aid us in that journey.4.在知识之旅上，你们不是独行者。
我们有出色的师资和员工。
他们致力于求知和理解，将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们。
It is vital to develop an action plan and timetable early in the process in order to allow for an orderly transition of responsibilities. You’ll not be expected to undertake this intellectual journey on your own. We have an exceptional faculty and staff, dedicated to the search for knowledge and understanding, who will support and encourage you in your journey.5.人们的生活离不开自然，这是自然资源保护论者的第一原则。
