高三英语过去分词做宾语补足语
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过去分词做宾语补足语
A 宾语补足语:在英语中,某些及物动词不仅需要宾语,而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语,即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态,这个词或短语称为宾语补足语.
B 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为: 某些及物动词(如make等)+直接宾语(名词或代词)+宾语补足语
C宾语补足语的形式:作补足语的典型词类是形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词等
1. They elected John monitor. 2. He treated his mistake as a joke.
3. We heard her singing a song. 4. He told me to make my own decision.
5. I think it wrong of him to decline my offer. 6. He watched an insect caught by a bird.
D用过去分词充当宾语补足语:能用宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成的意义,有时候两者兼而有之。
Eg. 1 After waking up, I found everyone gone.
2 The speaker raised her voice to make herself heard.
3 They found their new bikes stolen.
E 过去分词作宾补常用于以下五个方面:
1 过去分词用在表示状态的动词 keep ,leave 等的后面。
They kept the door locked for a long time.
Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time.
过去分词作宾补
1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful government.
3. You find most of the population settled in the south. 4. They found the window broken.
5. ..., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.
1. 及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语在逻辑上常存在着被动关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。补语表示宾语的动作、行为、状态、特性、身份等。
如:I heard my name called. 我听见有人叫我的名字。
When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 当我打开门时,我发现地面已被落叶所掩盖。
2. 不及物动词用作宾语补足语时,与宾语没有逻辑上的动宾关系,只表示动作的完成或状态。如:
When I returned there, I found the bag gone.
当我返回那儿时,我发现包不见了。
They found all the guests gone when they woke up.
当他们醒来时,发现所有的客人都走了。
高考英语过去分词典型考点解析
动词的过去分词用法灵活,应用广泛,在高考试卷中,单项填空、完形填空、短文改错等诸多题型都设置了对动词过去分词的考查。本文主要讨论它的句法功能在高考单项填空中的应用。
一、过去分词作定语
1.(07上海) The Town Hall ____ in the 1800’s was the most
distinguished building at that time.
A to be completed B having been completed C completed D
being completed
【简析】句中的The Great Hall与complete之间是被动关系,故应选用过去分词,相当于which were completed,答案为C。
2.(06北京) There have been several new events ____ to the
program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A add B to add C adding D added
【简析】根据句中的have been可知new events已经加入到比赛中,表示完成的动作;而且add与events又存在被动关系,答案为D。
3.(07湖南) “Things _____ never come again!” I couldn’t
help talking to myself.
A lost B losing C to lose D have lost
【简析】根据语境,我们应选A,因为things与lose的关系是lose things,是动宾关系,things是被丢的。
4.The Olympic Games,____________ in 776 BC,did not
include women players until 1912.[NMET97]
语法详解:过去分词作宾补
概念引入
上个单元我们学习了过去分词作表语和定语的用法。现在我们继续学习过去分词作宾语补足语。看这些句子:
5,sotobeagoodteacher我们认为他是一个好老师。
(名词短语作宾语补足语,相当于省略了tobe)
2)IfindlearningEnglishdifficult我发现学英语很难。
(形容词作宾语补足语)
3)Isawtheiteuselfinastrangemadethegirlcry汤姆把女孩弄哭了。
省略不定式符号to的动词不定式)
6)Thefatherfoundhisson父亲发现儿子在房间里玩。
(动词-ing形式做宾语补足语)
7)Thesoftmusicmaesusrelaed这首柔美的音乐使我们放松了。
(过去分词作宾语补足语)
2宾语补足语与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系 1)TheynamedtheblacdogArrow他们命名这只黑狗“Arrow”。
(我们可以说“ThelittledogisArrow”,所以宾语thelittledog和补足语Arrow是逻辑上的主谓关系。)
2)Inoticedalittlegirldrawingunderthetree我注意到一个小女孩在树下画画。
(小女孩在画画,即宾语补足语的动作是女孩做的,宾语与补足语是逻辑上的主谓关系,而且是主动的,用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语)
3)Weshouldeeinformedofwhatisgoingonhere
我们必须让他了解这里发生的事。
(他被告知某事,说明宾语“他”与补足语“告知”是被动的主谓关系,也称为“动宾关系,即动词及其宾语的关系”,用过去分词作宾语补足语)
3主语补足语
含有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句时,原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。
Hewasfoundsleeewithcuriosity我看见他的眼睛盯着我,充满了好奇。
解析: