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非谓语动词讲解(超全)非谓语动词是指动词的非限定形式，不可以独立作谓语。
它可以由动词原形、现在分词和过去分词构成，常见的形式有不定式、动名词和分词。
一、不定式：不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，常常在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
它的构成方式为"to + 动词原形"。
例句：1. To learn a foreign language is not easy.（作主语）2. She wants to go shopping.（作宾语）3. The best way to learn English well is to practice every day.（作表语）4. He has a lot of work to finish.（作定语）不定式也具有进行时态、完成时态和被动语态的形式：进行时态：to be + 动词的现在分词完成时态：to have + 动词的过去分词被动语态：to be + 动词过去分词例句：1. He seems to be sleeping.（不定式进行时态）2. You should have told me earlier.（不定式完成时态）3. The car needs to be repaired.（不定式被动语态）二、动名词：动名词是指动词的-ing形式，它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
在句中的位置和用法与名词相似。
例句：1. Reading is my favorite hobby.（作主语）2. I enjoy swimming in the summer.（作宾语）3. Her dream is becoming a famous singer.（作表语）4. The girl standing over there is my sister.（作定语）5. He went to the party without saying goodbye.（作状语）动名词与不定式的区别在于动名词具有进行时态和被动语态，而不定式没有。
非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词作主语一.动词不定式作主语1.不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知的事或目的。
不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事，做是另外一回事。
)2. 不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。
①It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。
)②It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。
)③It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.(被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。
)二.动词ing不定式作主语1.动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
Watching news on TV has become a routine for me.(经常性、习惯性的动作)Talking is easier than doing.(状态）(1)动名词直接置于句首。
Talking is easier than doing.(2).Ving 形式作主语时常后置,用it作形式主语Playing video games is a waste of timeIt is a waste of time playing video games常见句式：It is no good/no use/ useless doing sth 做...没有用的It is a waste of time doing sth做...是浪费时间的(3).There be 结构中作主语：A. There is no+doing 表示不可能做某事There is no knowing the future ==we can’t know the future. 我们不可能知道未来发生什么B.There is no point doing 做某事没有意义There’s no point having wishes if you don’t at least try t o do them.拓展：动名词作主语时，单个V-ing 做主语，谓语动词用单数。
新概念英语第二册语法总结：非谓语动词之分词1．分词的性质：具有形容词性质，可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语，现在分词表示主动，且动作在进行：过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。
2．分词的形式：例： write (vt) rise (vi)主动语态被动语态主动过去分词时态现在时 writing being written rising risen完成时 having written having been written having risen3．用法：（1）定语分词置于被修饰名词前分词短语于置于被修饰名词后a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleepinga running dog = a dog which is runninga broken glass = a glass which is brokena beaten team = a team which is beaten（beaten 是被打败的意思）This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.The problem being discussed is very important.（2）表语：The book is interesting.He is interested in the book.The news is exciting.He feels excited.（3）宾语补足语：When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.I'd like to have this package weighed.掌握精髓：动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程，而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动概念。
（4）状语：（以下例句值得一背！）① If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.③ While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.→ Aske d if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.你知道吗？注意：在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。
新概念英语第二册语法总结：非谓语动词之分词1．分词的性质：具有形容词性质，可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语，现在分词表示主动，且动作在进行：过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。
2．分词的形式：例： write (vt) rise (vi)主动语态被动语态主动过去分词时态现在时 writing being written rising risen完成时 having written having been written having risen3．用法：（1）定语分词置于被修饰名词前分词短语于置于被修饰名词后a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleepinga running dog = a dog which is runninga broken glass = a glass which is brokena beaten team = a team which is beaten（beaten 是被打败的意思）This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.The problem being discussed is very important.（2）表语：The book is interesting.He is interested in the book.The news is exciting.He feels excited.（3）宾语补足语：When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.I'd like to have this package weighed.掌握精髓：动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程，而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动概念。
（4）状语：（以下例句值得一背！）① If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.③ While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.→ Aske d if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.你知道吗？注意：在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。
非谓语动词一览表动词不定式的基本用法：一. 语法功能: 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语(主语补足语)、状语以及插入语（独立成分)，唯独不可作谓语。
（主语）To scold her would not be just.（宾语）We are planning to build a Disney park here.（宾补）They hurriedly ended the meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.（表语）Our most urgent task is to make a careful analysis of the present situation.仔细分析当前的形势是我们最迫切的任务。
（定语）Do you have anything else to add? 还有什么要补充的吗（目的状语）Learn from past mistakes to avoid future ones. 惩前毖后。
（结果状语）He made a long speech only to show his ignorance of the subject.他大讲了一通，只暴露他对这门学科的无知。
（程度状语）I don’t know her to speak to.我认识她还不到能与她谈话的程度。
(原因状语) We shall be happy to co-operate with you in the work.(独立成分) To put it another way, do you like him?To be honest,I don’t know anything about it.I. 作主语：1. To say is easier than to do. =Saying is easier than doing.2. To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing.3. How to go there h asn’t been decided yet.4. Who to blame for the traffic accident is still a puzzle.5. Whether to go or stay is not known.6. It is important to study English well and go to college.7. It is our duty to give a hand to people in trouble.8. It takes me three hours to do house cleaning on Sundays.9. To master a foreign language is very important。
表1：非谓语动词的时态和语态
概说：非谓语动词指动词的不用于作谓语的三种变化形式，即：不定式、V-ing形式（据其在句子中的作用又分为动名词和现在分词）、过去分词。
它们具有如下共同特征：无人称与数的变化；有时态和语态的变化、有主语（逻辑的）、可以带状语、及物动词或及物性短语动词变来的非谓语动词有其自身的宾语。
否定式都在前加not。
能作谓语以外的很多成分。
表2：非谓语动词的句法功能（1）
表3：非谓语动词的句法功能（2）
表4：非谓语动词的句法功能（3）。
《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹（含习题）：非谓语动词《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹十二、非谓语动词知识要点：一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能（一）概述：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。
1、非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.2）都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。
例如：He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）4）都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）We being League member, the work was well done.（现在分词的逻辑主语）2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
新概念英语第二册语法总结：非谓语动词之分词1．分词的性质：具有形容词性质，可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语，现在分词表示主动，且动作在进行：过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。
2．分词的形式：例： write (vt) rise (vi)主动语态被动语态主动过去分词时态现在时 writing being written rising risen完成时 having written having been written having risen3．用法：〔1〕定语分词置于被修饰名词前分词短语于置于被修饰名词后a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleepinga running dog = a dog which is runninga broken glass = a glass which is brokena beaten team = a team which is beaten〔beaten 是被打败的意思〕This is the problem discussed at the last meeting.The problem being discussed is very important.〔2〕表语：The book is interesting.He is interested in the book.The news is exciting.He feels excited.〔3〕宾语补足语：When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside me.I'd like to have this package weighed.掌握精髓：动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程，而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动概念。
〔4〕状语：〔以下例句值得一背！〕① If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.→ Turning to the left, you'll find the station.② As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.→ Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.③ While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.→ Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.④ When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.→ Aske d if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.你知道吗？注意：在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。
非谓语动词的用法总结表格非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。
它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。
既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。
真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。
②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。
③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。
④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。
●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not放在非谓语动词的_前面_知识点一：非谓语作状语。
非谓语动词作状语多表示伴随状态，或事情发生的原因，结果，时间，条件等。
注意，作目的状语只能是_不定式，也可用in order to / so as to +动词原形。
解题诀窍：找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后●不定式做结果状语的固定搭配only to do ，too +adj/adv to do，so +adj/adv as to do ，such +n as to do adj/ adv enough to doonly to do 常表示意想不到或不愉快的结果。
.知识点二：非谓语作定语解题诀窍：找所修饰的词，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后，面须有相应的介词。
2. 不定式用来修饰名词，表动作未发生。
3. 不定式用来修饰被序数词，最高级等限定的中心词。
知识点三：非谓语动词做补语解题技巧：记固定搭配，辩逻辑关系不定式和分词作宾语补足语（we consider him to be a nice guy）或主语补足语(He is considered to be a nice guy)是考察的重点.做题时一要熟记固定搭配，还要仔细分析非谓语所表示的动作与谓语动作发生的先后问题。
A 固定句型sb/sth be said/believed/ reported/ considered/ thought to do /to be doing /to have done 要分清.B 弄清以下搭配及其意义1.感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面的宾补有3种形式（do/doing/done），doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成，do表主动和完成（被动句中to 还原）。
非谓语动词归纳：（新一册）1.want (sb ) to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事2.go to s.w.to do sth. 去某地做～3.try (one’s best ) to do sth. 尽力（尽全力）做～4.too+ adj.\adv.(+for sb.) + to do sth. 太----（某人）不能做～5.adj.\adv.+ enough (for sb.) + to do sth 够----（某人）能做～6.tell\ask sb. to do sth. 告诉\请某人做～7.tell\ask sb. not to do sth. 告诉\请某人不要做～8.would like (sb.) to do sth. 想要（某人）做～9.invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做～10.something to drink \eat \read 一些喝的\吃的\读的东西11.go back to do sth. 回去做～12.forget \remember to do sth. 忘记记住做～13.have to do sth. 不得不做～14.need to do sth. （表主动）需要做～15.make up one’s mind to do sth.下定决心做～16.It’s + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是------（adj.）的17.decide to do sth. 决定做～18.begin\start to do sth. 开始做～19.hope to do sth. 希望做～20.like \love \hate to do sth . 喜欢\喜爱\讨厌做～1.let sb. do sth.(let’s do sth.)让某人做～（咱们做～）2.had better (not )do sth. 最好（不，别）做～3.Why not do sth.? 为什么不做～1.how\ what about doing sth.?做某事怎么样？2.enjoy doing sth.酷爱做～3.like \love doing 喜欢／喜爱做～4.finish doing sth.做完～5.miss doing sth .错过做～6.need doing sth.需要（表被动）做～7.be (well ) worth doing sth, 很值得做～8.forget\remember doing sth. 忘记\记得做过某事。
新概念英语语法表：非谓语动词用法总结表+ do1.you’d better do最好做…2.make sb. do使某人做…3.let sb. do让某人做…4.have sb. do使某人做…5.help sb.(to)do 帮助某人做…6.would rather do宁愿做…7.rather than do宁愿做…8.suggest sb.do建议某人做…9.hear sb.do听见某人做…10.see sb.do看见某人做…11.notice sb.do注意某人做…12.why not do…为什么不做+ to do1.hope to do希望去做…2.teach sb.to do教某人做…3.decide to do决定做…e sth.to do用…去做…ed to do过去常常做…6.would like to do想要做…7.want to do 想要做…8.tell sb.to do告诉某人去做…9.warn sb.to do警告某人去做…10. It takes/took sb.time to do花某人…时间去做11. prefer to do宁愿做…12. ask sb.to do叫某人去做…13. is to do 是去做…14. is made to do使被做…15. is heard to do被听到做…16. which to do去做…17. enough to do足够去做…18. promise to do承诺去做…19. in order to do为了做…20. so as to do为了做…21.happen to do 碰巧……22.wish,dream,job,duty,idea, task,ambition,plan,business+to do+ doing1.enjoy doing喜欢做…2.practice doing练习做…3.hate doing讨厌做…4.suggest doing建议做…5.finish doing做完…6.mind doing介意做…7.be busy doing忙着做…8.can’t help doing情不自禁做…9.there is sb. doing某人正在做…10.It’s no use doing做…没有用11.prefer doing to doing喜欢做…胜于做…12.need /require doing需要被做=need/require to be done13.instead of doing而不是做…14.spend time/money doing花时间/钱做…15.have difficulty doing做…有困难16.be worth doing值得做…17.thanks for doing感谢做了…18.consider doing考虑做…19.hear /see sb.doing听见/看见某人在做…20.notice sb.doing注意某人正在做21.stop sb.from doing阻止某人做…+to do/ doing1.like想去做/喜欢做…2.love喜欢去做…/喜欢做…3.forget忘记要去做…/忘记做过了4.remember记得要去做…/记得做过了…5.begin开始做…6.start开始做…7.continue继续做…(不同一件事)/继续做…(同一件事)8.stop停下来去做.../停止正在做的事9.try努力去做…/尝试去做…+ done1.make sth. done使…被做2.have sth. done使…被做3.make sb done使某人被4.make oneself understood/heard使自己被别人明白/听到。
非谓语动词表解式 体动词不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词 一般式to do doing doing done 一般被动式 to be donebeing done being done 进行式to be doing 完成式to have done having done having done 完成被动式 to have been done having been done having been done ③to be doing 表示“主动进行”， ④to have done 表示“主动完成”， ⑤to have been done 表示“被动完成”。
2. ①doing 表示“主运进行”， ②being done 表示“被动进行”， ③having done 表示“主动完成” ④ having been done 表示“被动完成”。
作用种类 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语不定式√ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词√ √ √ √ 分词√ √ √ √ 2. 动名词具有动词和名词的特征。
3. 分词具有形容词和副词的特征。
动名词现在分词1.作主语 Smoking is bad for your health. Swimming is my favorite sport. 1.作状语 Seeing the snake, she jumped and screamed. Having finished the work, I headed for my home.2. 作宾语 The bike needs repairing.Nothing can prevent us from loving our country. 2.作宾语补足I saw Mary doing her homework. Don't leave the water running when washing. 3. 作表语 My hobby is collecting stamps. 3. 作表语 The film is exciting4. 作定语 We can't drink the running water. The swimming pool will be completed soon. 4. 作定语 The swimming girl was tired but excited. The building being built now will be a museum.5. 各种形式 doing / having done / being done / having been done5. 各种形式 doing / having done / being done / having been done表被动done being done to be done 表时间 过去(完成) 进行（现在） 将来例题：__________ by Class 5 made all of us upset.A. DefeatingB. DefeatedC. Being defeatedD. To be defeated主动 动名词v-ing 不定式to do 现在分词v-ing 过去分词v-ed 一般 doing To do Doing(不及物动词无被动) 同时发生 done 完成 Having done To have done Having done 先发生 进行 To be doing 被动一般Being done To be done Being done正在被。
一．非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词位置意义和用法例句不定式动词不定式必须放在所修饰词（名或代）后表示将要发生，应该做的动作，说明动作在谓语动词表示动作之后，具有形容词性质。
I have much work to do.He has no place to live in.有时根据意思的需要加介词，这时介词不能省略，因被修饰的名词是它的宾语。
动名词动名词放在在所修饰的词前说明所修饰词的性质，具有名词的性质，它同所修饰的名词间不存在什么主谓关系He looked me with questioning eyes.a living room.一般形式分词现在分词在所修饰词前，有些放在所修饰词后说明正在进行的动作，同它所修饰的动作存在着逻辑主谓关系a sleeping boy, on the following day, developingcountries, boiling water, for years running过去分词在所修饰词前，有些放在所修饰词后表示被动的意思，多数不及物动词的过去分词不能用作定语，只有少数表示动作改变的动词表示在谓词动词动作之前完成a lost child, a fallen leaf, retired workers, fadedflowers, developed countries, boiled waterWe have no time left.Fill in the blanks with the words given.短语不定式放在所修饰词后一般表示要做和应该做的动作。
He is the first one to come this morning.I have a lot of housework to do at home.There is a lot of work to do in the company.He didn't have the chance to go to school in the past.1)一般所修饰词是抽象名词agreement, attempt, claim, decision, decisive,determination, failure, hope, intention, need, plan,promise, refused, resolution, tendency, threat, wish2)说明被修饰词内容的名词campaign, chance, courage, efforts, evidence, fight,news, measures, move, movement, opportunity, position,power, reason, right, skill, strength, struggle, means3)跟不定式作状语的形容词生成转化来的抽象名ability, ambition, anxiety, curiosity, eagerness,impatience, reluctance, willingness分词放在所修饰词后现在分词短语有动作进行之意。
图说英语：非谓语动词的用法表在中学英语语法中，掌握好动词的用法非常重要。
非谓语动词是动词中非常重要的一部分，它们内容多，有些用法相似，不好掌握，经常被混淆用错，学习中可以通过列表比较的方法，对非谓语动词的用法可一目了然，从中找出异同，更好的掌握其用法，下面通过列表比较的方式，分析非谓语动词的主要用法。
一、非谓语动词和谓语动词的相对时间关系非谓语动词相对谓语动词的时间意义例句一般式不定式说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词：want; hope; expect; wish等。
I want to go home.I hope to see you.说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾语。
I saw him come in.He helped him (to) carry things.一般式动名词表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。
We enjoyed seeing the film.I am thinking of taking over the job.在动词insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。
He insisted on doing that work在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on; uponafter代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。
I remember seeing him before.On arriving Beijing, he went to see hisfriend.一般式分词现在分词持续性动词说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He stood there speaking.Holding a book under his arm, he enteredthe room.终止性动词说明分词表示的动作发生之后，句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发生。
特征功能不定式动名词-ing分词-ed分词名词、形容词、副词（有时态、语态的变化）名词（有时态、语态变化）形容词、副词（有时态、语态变化）表主动关系、进行意义形容词、副词（只有一般式、被动语态）表被动关系、完成意义主语To learn English well is not easy.=It’s not easy to learn English well.(说话者的看法)1. Getting up early is a good habit.2. It’s no use crying.(说话者有过体会)X X表语His job is to feed animals.=To feed animals is his job.(主表可互换)Her hobby is fishing.=Fishing is her hobby.(主表可互换)（名词）The film is much more exciting. (形容词)（现在进行时中，v-ing表示动作/状态）He is very excited. (兴奋) （形容词）（被动语态）-ed分词可由much来修饰)He was much excited by her son’s success.宾语 1. I want to talk to you2. She found it hard to get to sleep 1. Do you enjoy watching TV?2. Stamps are used for sending letters. X X定语1. There is a lot of work (for us ) to do.2. He found a chair to sit on .1. They are in the reading-room.(说明用途)2. a sleeping car = a car (which is used) forsleeping1. The moving train is long.2. I know the man standing there. (说明正在进行)3. a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping1. Her job is to take care of the wounded soldier.2. The boy called Jim is from America.（说明被动关系或完成）状语1.He stopped to talk to me. (目的)2.He is too young to go to school.（结果）3.He’s angry to find his chair gone.（原因）4.To tell the truth, I don’t like the idea at all.（修饰全句）X1. Seeing her mother, the baby stopped crying. (时间)2. Being ill, I stayed at home. (原因)3. They stood there waiting for her. （方式/伴随）4. Generally speaking, it’s easier to drive a car than flya plane.（修饰全句）*逻辑主语必须是句子的主语1. Interested in English, he works hard at it. (原因)2. Seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful.(时间)3. Read every morning, English will be improvedquickly. (条件)4. Put frankly, we really want to go there.(修饰全句)*逻辑主语必须是句子的主语补足语1. He tells me to come here early. (宾补)2. I saw him (not) play football. (宾补)(表动作的全过程)3. He was heard to read English. (主补)4. I am told not to come here early. (主补)X1. I heard her singing in the next room. (宾补)2. I saw him playing football. (宾补)(表动作正在进行)3. She was heard singing in the next room.(主补)4. He was seen playing football. (主补)1. I found the boy lost. (宾补)（说明被动关系或完成）2. The box is seen stolen. (主补)否定形式not /never +（to ）do1. Please tell him not to be angry.2. He made the boy not cry any more.not/never + doingI’m sorry for not being able to come earlier.not/never + doingNot knowing what to do, I went to the teacher for help. X特殊结构连接代/副词+不定式1. What to do next is unknown. (主语)2. I don’t know where to go. (宾语)3.The question is when to start out. (表语)X X X复合结构for/of……+to do(for结构位置可变)1.It’s difficult for us to win the match.(主语)= For us, to win the match is difficult/for us.That’s for you to decide.(表语)It’s time for us to go to school. (定语)I meant for you to eat. (宾语)He stood a side for her to pass. (状语)2.It’s very kind of you to help me.(主语)名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+v-ingHis coming made us feel surprised. (主语)Would you mind my opening t he door? (宾语)如复合结构不在句首，可用名词普通格/人称代词宾格+v-ingI don’t mind XiaoYu (him) going.I don’t like young people (them) smoking.名词+v-ing分词(独立结构)Weather permitting, we’ll go for a walk. (条件)= If the weather permits, we’ll go for a walk.The day being fine, we decided to go shopping.(原因)= As the day was fine, we decided to go shopping.名词+v-ed分词(独立结构)The work done, they went shopping. (时间)= After the work was done, they went shopping.All our saving gone, we started looking for jobs.(原因)=Because all our saving was gone, we started lookingfor jobs.1. and 或or连接不定式时，后者省toHe wants to come and see his friends.1.The sinking of the Titanic has neverbeen forgotten.(前面可加冠词)1．主句的主语是不定式逻辑上的宾语This problem is hard to solve.特殊情况省略to的情况2.had better ,would rather ……than…..等后省略toHe would rather die than go.He could do nothing but cry.名不词带化宾的语动和名状词语2.We should give the room a goodcleaning.(前面有修饰定语)主不动式定表示式被动义The room is too small for us to live in.2.不定式与最近的词有动宾关系，但与另一词有主谓关系They found the text hard to understand.He has no one to take care of.3.使役动词（let、have 、make）/感观动词see、feel、hear等+宾语+宾补（不定式），省略to（help可带可省）He made the baby stop crying.3.Please take our greetings(问候) tothem. (可出现复数式)3. 不定式作定语，与被修饰词有动宾关系I have a lot of homework to do.There is no time to lose.4.Why/Why not后，不定式省略toWhy spend so much money?Why not do it right now?主被动动式义This TV set needs repairing.=This TV set needs to be repaired.4.下列句型中to let ,to blame, to seek等主动表被动The room is to let.(出租)The reason is not far to seek.（不难寻找）特征功能不定式动名词-ing分词-ed分词名词、形容词、副词（有时态、语态的变化）名词（有时态、语态变化）形容词、副词（有时态、语态变化）表主动关系、进行意义形容词、副词（只有一般式、被动语态）表被动关系、完成意义主语To learn English well is not easy.=It’s not easy to learn English well.(说话者的看法)1. Getting up early is a good habit.2. It’s no use crying.(说话者有过体会)X X表语His job is to feed animals.=To feed animals is his job.(主表可互换)Her hobby is fishing.=Fishing is her hobby.(主表可互换)（名词）The film is much more exciting. (形容词)（现在进行时中，v-ing表示动作/状态）He is very excited. (兴奋) （形容词）（被动语态）-ed分词可由much来修饰)He was much excited by her son’s success.宾语 1. I want to talk to you2. She found it hard to get to sleep 1. Do you enjoy watching TV?2. Stamps are used for sending letters. X X定语1. There is a lot of work (for us ) to do.2. He found a chair to sit on .1. They are in the reading-room.(说明用途)2. a sleeping car = a car (which is used) forsleeping1. The moving train is long.2. I know the man standing there. (说明正在进行)3. a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping1. Her job is to take care of the wounded soldier.2. The boy called Jim is from America.（说明被动关系或完成）状语1.He stopped to talk to me. (目的)2.He is too young to go to school.（结果）3.He’s angry to find his chair gone.（原因）4.To tell the truth, I don’t like the idea at all.（修饰全句）X1. Seeing her mother, the baby stopped crying. (时间)2. Being ill, I stayed at home. (原因)3. They stood there waiting for her. （方式/伴随）4. Generally speaking, it’s easier to drive a car than flya plane.（修饰全句）*逻辑主语必须是句子的主语1. Interested in English, he works hard at it. (原因)2. Seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful.(时间)3. Read every morning, English will be improvedquickly. (条件)4. Put frankly, we really want to go there.(修饰全句)*逻辑主语必须是句子的主语补足语1. He tells me to come here early. (宾补)2. I saw him (not) play football. (宾补)(表动作的全过程)3. He was heard to read English. (主补)4. I am told not to come here early. (主补)X1. I heard her singing in the next room. (宾补)2. I saw him playing football. (宾补)(表动作正在进行)3. She was heard singing in the next room.(主补)4. He was seen playing football. (主补)1. I found the boy lost. (宾补)（说明被动关系或完成）2. The box is seen stolen. (主补)否定形式not /never +（to ）do1. Please tell him not to be angry.2. He made the boy not cry any more.not/never + doingI’m sorry for not being able to come earlier.not/never + doingNot knowing what to do, I went to the teacher for help. X特殊连接代/副词+不定式结构1. What to do next is unknown. (主语)2. I don’t know where to go. (宾语)3.The question is when to start out. (表语)X X X复合结构for/of……+to do(for结构位置可变)1.It’s difficult for us to win the match.(主语)= For us, to win the match is difficult/for us.That’s for you to decide.(表语)It’s time for us to go to school. (定语)I meant for you to eat. (宾语)He stood a side for her to pass. (状语)2.It’s very kind of you to help me.(主语)名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+v-ingHis coming made us feel surprised. (主语)Would you mind my opening t he door? (宾语)如复合结构不在句首，可用名词普通格/人称代词宾格+v-ingI don’t mind XiaoYu (him) going.I don’t like young people (them) smoking.名词+v-ing分词(独立结构)Weather permitting, we’ll go for a walk. (条件)= If the weather permits, we’ll go for a walk.The day being fine, we decided to go shopping.(原因)= As the day was fine, we decided to go shopping.名词+v-ed分词(独立结构)The work done, they went shopping. (时间)= After the work was done, they went shopping.All our saving gone, we started looking for jobs.(原因)=Because all our saving was gone, we started lookingfor jobs.省略to的情况1. and 或or连接不定式时，后者省toHe wants to come and see his friends.名不词带化宾的语动和名状词语1.The sinking of the Titanic has neverbeen forgotten.(前面可加冠词)主不动式定表示式被动义2．主句的主语是不定式逻辑上的宾语This problem is hard to solve.The room is too small for us to live in.特殊情况2.had better ,would rather ……than…..等后省略toHe would rather die than go.He could do nothing but cry.2.We should give the room a goodcleaning.(前面有修饰定语)3.不定式与最近的词有动宾关系，但与另一词有主谓关系They found the text hard to understand.He has no one to take care of.3.使役动词（let、have 、make）/感观动词see、feel、hear等+宾语+宾补（不定式），省略to（help可带可省）He made the baby stop crying.3.Please take our greetings(问候) tothem. (可出现复数式)3. 不定式作定语，与被修饰词有动宾关系I have a lot of homework to do.There is no time to lose.4.Why/Why not后，不定式省略toWhy spend so much money?Why not do it right now?主被动动式义This TV set needs repairing.=This TV set needs to be repaired.5.下列句型中to let ,to blame, to seek等主动表被动The room is to let.(出租)The reason is not far to seek.（不难寻找）。
