十三、非谓语动词-动名词
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中考英语非谓语动词用法系列讲座非谓语动词主要指在句中不能充当句子谓语,而是充当句子其它成分的动词。
非谓语动词有三种形式:动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。
现在分词和动名词又统称为动词v--ing形式。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但有语态和时态的变化。
本讲座主要对非谓语动词的基本用法分别进行系列讲解。
第一讲:动词不定式用法精讲及练习考点一:动词不定式的基本用法动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,在某些情况下,to可以省略。
动词不定式在句中主要起名词、形容词、副词的作用,因此,动词不定式可以作句子主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、同位语和独立结构。
但在初中阶段,主要掌握动词不定式作句子的主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语为主。
为了简明扼要地掌握动词不定式的用法,我们以表格的形式呈现给大家。
见下表:表(一):动词不定式的基本形式:【典型考例】(2019湖北襄阳)我们的老师总是告诉我们,在学习中不要逃避任何困难。
(keep)Our teacher always tells us___ _ in the study【析】正确答案:not to escape any difficulties。
“告诉某人不要做某事”在英语中为tell sb. not to do sth.,not to do sth为动词不定式的否定形式,作动词tell的宾语补足语。
“逃避任何困难”为escape any difficulties。
【典型考例】(2019哈尔滨)Kids like reading stories which can make them _____.ughB.to laughughing【析】正确答案:A。
句意是:孩子们喜欢那些能让他们哈哈大笑的故事。
动词make为使役动词,其后接不定式短语作宾语补足语时,省略to。
即make sb do sth“使某人作某事”,故正确答案为A。
高中英语语法非谓语动词(二)动词-ing形式非谓语动词(二)——动词-ing形式(二)-ing形式:动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。
-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征,可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。
1、-ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。
及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态,而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。
现在以及物动词make 和不及物动词go为例,将其-ing各种形式列表如下:动词语态形式及物动词make不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式having madehaving been madehaving gone2、-ing形式的基本用法。
(1)作主语:Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
Talking is easier than doing. –ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。
如:It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.(2)作表语:Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。
She likes drawing very much.;②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.;③ do+限定词(my, some, any, the等)+ -ing,表示“做…事”之意,如:We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语:Her sister is good at learning physics.;⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语:This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?(4)作定语:The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。
授课日期 时 间 主 题 非谓语之动名词用法总结
学习目标 1. 掌握非谓语动词的含义及用法;
2. 掌握非谓语动词的考点及难点。 教学内容
1、 上次课后巩固作业复习; 2、 互动探索。 说出下列句子中动名词分别作什么句子成分。
动名词用法 【知识梳理1】动名词的常见固定搭配 跟动名词作宾语的动词有: 考虑(consider)完成(finish)多练习(practise) 避免(avoid)冒险(risk)求建议(suggest/recommend) 面对(face)喜欢(enjoy/appreciate)和介意(mind) 允许(allow)承认(admit/permit)或放弃(give up/abandon) 推迟(put off/delay/postpone)逃避(escape)不原谅(excuse/pardon) 提及(mention)坚持(keep/insist on)要想象(imagine/fancy) 还有词组feel like 和can’t stand!
【例题精讲】 例1. Young people may risk ________ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.(2013年) A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 例2. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble________ the right things to say.(2012年) A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of 例3. It’s no use ______ without taking action.(2011年) A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained 例4. I had great difficulty________the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(2010年) A. find B. found C. to find D. finding 例5. Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.(2009年) A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold
2019-2020年中考英语《第十三章:英语的非谓语动词》复习讲义非谓语动词是指不能作谓语的动词形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分间和过去分词。
非谓语动词是历年中考考查的重点之一,因为它们结构复杂,功能繁多,也是学生难以掌握的语法点。
考查重点主要有动词不定式与动名词作宾语的固定拼配,现在分词与过去分词作形容词的区别,动词不定式的各种用法。
学习过程中要多做练习,夯实基础。
内容导视知识点1动词不定式知识点2动名词知识点3现在非常知识点4过去分词知识详单知识点1动词不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。
不定式可以带宾语状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。
1.不定式的结构结构例句一般式主动:to do She was invited by the school to speak to the newstudents.她受到学校的邀请为新生讲话。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.明天要开的会议很重要。
被动:to be done进行时主动:to be doing He pretended to be reading a book when Icame in.当我进来时,他假装在看书。
完成时主动:to have done We seem to have met somewhere.我们仿佛在哪儿见过。
This book is reported to have been translated into German.据报道,这本书已经被译成德语。
被动:to have beendone【知识拓展】不定式的完成时表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,“to have done”表示主动、完成,而“to have been done”表示被动,完成。
完成进行时主动:to have beendoing(表示动作在谓语动作发生之前一直在进行)John is said to have been working in that computercompany since then.据说约翰自从那时以来一直在那家电脑公司工作。
非谓语动词-动名词解析版Part 1 考点分类+考频统计Part 2 十年真题1.[2023年全国乙卷] As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 8.______ (record) everything I discovered.【答案】recording【解析】考查非谓语动词-动名词作宾语。
句意:作为一名摄影师,我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。
spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。
这里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。
故填recording。
2.[2021年全国甲卷] After 4_____ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!【答案】spending【解析】考查非谓语动词-动名词作介宾。
句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。
此处After为介词,应用动名词,作介词宾语。
故填spending。
3.[2021年全国乙卷] ● Minimize the impact of __7___ (visit) the place.【答案】visiting【解析】考查非谓语动词-动名词作介宾。
句意:最大限度地减少参观这个地方的影响。
根据空格前介词of可知,空格处应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语。
故填visiting。
4.[2020年全国II卷] They represent the earth 3 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.【解析】考查非谓语动词-动名词作宾语。
非谓语动词翻译非谓语动词是英语中的一种特殊动词形式,可以充当动词、形容词或者副词,在句子中常用作主语、宾语、定语或状语等成分。
其常见的形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
下面是一些常见的非谓语动词的翻译示例。
1. 动词不定式(Infinitive)动词不定式常以to开头,可以作为动词、名词、形容词或副词的补语。
翻译时要根据上下文和语境来理解其含义。
例句:- I like to play basketball.(我喜欢打篮球。
)- He needs to finish his homework.(他需要完成他的作业。
)- She wants to become a doctor.(她想要成为一名医生。
)2. 动名词(Gerund)动名词以ing形式结尾,可以作为名词、主语、宾语或介词的宾语等。
翻译时常用名词或动词的ing形式来表达。
例句:- Swimming is good for your health.(游泳对你的健康有益。
)- I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。
)- He apologized for being late.(他为迟到而道歉。
)3. 分词(Participle)分词一般以-ed或-ing形式结尾,可作为形容词、副词或定语等。
翻译时要根据上下文和句子结构来决定使用哪种翻译方式。
例句:- The broken window needs to be repaired.(这个破窗户需要修理。
)- The running boy is my brother.(跑步的男孩是我弟弟。
)- She looked disappointed when she heard the news.(当她听到这个消息时,她看起来很失望。
)以上是一些常见的非谓语动词的翻译示例,需要根据句子的语境和语义来选择适当的翻译方式。
同时,使用非谓语动词时还需注意其在句子中的位置和作用,以确保句子结构和意思的准确表达。
非谓语动词非谓语动词的使用条件:一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下。
例:She got off the bus, but (leave) her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, (leave) her handbag on her seat.练习:划出非谓语动词。
1.There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.2.Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always offering the same excuse.3.In the dream Peter saw himself ran after by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly.4.The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2008.动名词Gerund一.结构Structure: doing 否定Negative: not doing二.时态和语态三.在句中承担的成分:1. 主语2. 宾语3. 定语4. 表语1.作主语Collecting information is very important to business.例:——What made him so unhappy?——the ticket for the football match.A. Having been lostB. LostC. To loseD. Losing句型:It is no use/ good doing sth 做某事是没有用的。
怎么找非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,不受动词的时态和人称的限制,通常用来作状语、定语和补语。
下面是关于非谓语动词的讲解和相关参考内容。
一、非谓语动词的种类及形式:非谓语动词包括动名词、不定式和分词三种形式。
1. 动名词:动名词的构成是动词原形+ing。
它可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
例如:- Smoking is harmful to your health. (作主语)- I enjoy swimming in the sea. (作宾语)- Do you mind me using your computer? (作定语)- He left home without saying goodbye. (作状语)- His dream is becoming a pilot. (作补语)2. 不定式:不定式的构成是“to + 动词原形”。
它可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
例如:- To travel around the world is my dream. (作主语)- She wants to be a doctor when she grows up. (作宾语)- I have a lot of books to read. (作定语)- He studied hard to pass the exam. (作状语)- His wish is to become a famous singer. (作补语)3. 分词:分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
现在分词的构成是动词原形+ing,过去分词的构成有规律变化和不规律变化两种。
分词可以作定语、状语和补语等。
例如:- The smiling girl is my sister. (作定语)- Walking in the park, he met an old friend. (作状语)- I saw a broken window in the house. (作定语)- She was surprised to see her name on the list. (作补语)二、如何找非谓语动词:1. 看句子结构:非谓语动词通常出现在句子的其他成分之前或之后,根据句子结构找出动名词、不定式或分词的形式。
必修四Unit 2 语法----动名ing (作主语,宾语)姓名:_______非谓语动词:1.动名词:(可作主语,宾语,表语,定语,宾语补足语)2.动词不定3.分词动名词的时态,语态主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done 否定式在动名词(doing)前加上not动名词:一般式动名词一般式所表示的动作可与谓语动作同时,也可在谓语动作之前或之后,有时可能没有明确的先后关系1. 没有明确的先后关系。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。
His job is teaching. 他的工作是教书。
Finding work is difficult these days. 现在找工作可不容易。
2. 与谓语动作同时发生。
He kept smiling. 他不停地笑。
We had a good time in dancing with them. 我们同他们跳舞玩得很开心。
3. 发生在谓语动作之前。
I apologize for not having kept my promise.我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。
He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country.他对国家做了大的贡献而受到表扬After reading your letter I knew what had happened. 看了你的信后我就知道出什么事了。
4. 发生在谓语动作之后。
He suggested bringing out a new type of bike. 他建议生产一种新型的自行车。
I am thinking of going to the Industrial Exhibition this afternoon.我想下午去看工业展览。
十三、非谓语动词-动名词动名词是非谓动词的又一种形式。
它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。
在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。
这两种形式的另一个相同之处是:它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。
例如:Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful .(现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。
She hates speaking in the public.(动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
严格地说,动名词和现在分词还是有很多区别的:首先,动名词表达的动作意义不如现在分词强,因为动名词已经将动作名词化了,它不再强调动作本身了,它已把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情了。
比如说,动名词常在句中作主语、直接宾语;我们都知道,在句中作主语、直接宾语的词只有是名词、代词,因此从某种意义上说,动名词就相当于名词、代词了。
例如:Climbing up the mountain will make you exhausted.爬上这座山会使你筋疲力尽。
Stop talking please. 请不要讲话。
其次,正由于动名词在某种意义上相当于名词、代词,所以它前面也可有名词的"所有格形式"或是物主代词的所有格作修饰语。
例如:Would you mind my smoking here您介意我在这儿吸烟吗?We extended a warm welcome to Mr. Rieder's coming to our party.我们对里德先生来参加聚会表示热烈的欢迎。
从动名词在句子里的作用来看,它类似于名词;可以作主语、定语、表语和宾语。
下面让我们分别看看动名词在句中作不同成分的具体情况。
1. 作主语动名词作主语与不定式作主语在语序位置方面较相似,但在表达意思上有差异。
动名词作主语时,它已经将动作名词化了,已把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情了,动作意义很弱,比较抽象。
而不定式作主语的动作意义较强,多指"要是去做某事",这种动作往往是"要发生的一次性动作",比较具体。
例如:Breathing became difficult at that altitude.在那个海拔高度呼吸变得很困难。
Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good . 早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。
Cheating on an exam ruins one's character .考试作弊毁坏人的性格。
It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office .我从办公室回家要花十分钟。
It needs time to make three copies of it .把它复制三份需要时间。
动名词作主语时,也常用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句型。
"It is …"的句型常用于说明"某种活动或是某件事情是如何,如何"。
强调事物的性质、特征等。
常用于It is后面的词有:no good , no use , useless , a waste, worthwhile , dangerous等等。
句型"There is …"往往用于说明"不允许、禁止某种活动或是某件事情发生或存在"。
类似一种建议、命令等。
例如:It is no use waiting for him any longer .等他是没有用的。
It is no good learning without practice .学而不实践是没好处的。
It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light . 用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。
It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again .很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。
There is no joking about such matters .这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded .不容抵赖这个事实,中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。
There is no littering about .不许乱扔杂物。
2. 作定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍,因为多数情况仅限于单个的动名词作定语。
这种情况与单个的现在分词作定语有较大的区别:单个的动名词作定语主要是说明被修饰词的作用、意义等;而单个的现在分词作定语则主要是表示被修饰词正在做什么。
请看下面的比较:3. 作表语动名词作表语主要说明"主语是做什么的、或是怎么回事",动作意义弱,较抽象;而现在分词作表语则主要是表示"主语的性质、特征等";不定式作表语却主要说明或解释"主语(要去)做什么事",它比动名词更为具体,动作意义更强。
例如:His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. (动名词)他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。
Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent .(动名词)读书当然是学习,然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。
Their task is exploring oil mines in the west . (动名词)他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。
The situation is very much encouraging .(现在分词)形势非常令人鼓舞。
His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. (现在分词)他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。
Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year .(不定式)他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。
His wish is to become a pilot. (不定式)他的愿望是当飞行员。
4. 作宾语A)常见的用动名词作宾语的及物动词:avoid (避免) , cease (停止) , can't help (忍不住) , consider (考虑) , deny (抵赖) , delay (拖延) , enjoy (喜欢) , endure (忍受) , escape (逃离) , excuse (原谅) , finish (完成) , give up (放弃) , imagine (想象) , keep on (继续) , leave off (结束、省去) , mind (介意、反对) , miss (错过) , need (需要) , postpone (推迟) , practice (练习) , put off (推迟) , require (需要) , risk (冒险) , stop (停止) , suggest (建议) 等。
例如:He managed to escape suffering from the disease .他设法避免患那种疾病。
After hearing the funny story , all of us couldn't help laughing ear to ear.听完了那个滑稽故事,我们忍不住大笑了。
Excuse my interrupting you for a while .请原谅我打扰你一会儿。
Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.史密斯教授考虑在学生们学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。
When he came back home from his night shift , Jason tried to avoid wakening his family .当杰逊下夜班回到家时,他尽力不弄醒他的家人。
The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.犯罪嫌疑人否认他那晚开过办公室的电脑。
B)有些及物动词后既可用动名词作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语,两种结构在意义上差别不大。
常见的有:attempt (打算) , begin (开始) , can't afford (花不起) , can't bear (无法容忍) , continue (继续) , deserve (值得) forget (忘记) , hate (不喜欢) , intend (打算) , like(喜欢) , love (爱) , neglect (忽略) , need (需要) , prefer (宁愿) , propose (提议) , want (需要)等。
例如:Do you prefer strolling outside or staying inside ( to stroll outside or to stay inside ) ? 你是想在外面散步,还是想呆在室内?I can't afford watching ( to watch ) the game through to the end because I should be at work in thirty minutes .这场比赛我是看不完了,因为半小时后我要上班。
I like playing ( to play ) chess with you , but not today . 我喜欢和你下棋,但不是今天。
When did you begin learning ( to learn ) English ?你什么时候开始学英文的?Maria intended visiting ( to visit ) her parents last weekend , but she caught by something else . 上周末,玛莉娅曾打算去看她的父母亲,但却因其他的事而脱不开身。