非谓语动词之动名词
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非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)---动名词非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
Ⅰ、动名词的形式:一般式(谓语动词同时发生)doingbeing done完成式(谓语动词发生之前)having donehaving been done否定式:not + 动名词一般式:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
被动式:He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
完成式:We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
完成被动式:He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
否定式:not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
Ⅱ、动名词的句法功能:一、作主语:Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarreling.争吵是没用的。
二、作表语:In the ant city,the queen's job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(动名词)敬告:以下内容,不参加高考等有语法题(语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等)考试的应用类学员无须深究,知道该语法结构的存在,及其充当的句子成分和功能即可,应多花时间练习听说读写,否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。
应试类学员有时间可以比较分析,基本搞懂。
动名词长什么样,就是动词加ing的形式,如playing, making, sitting;如果是及物动词,其后还可以跟宾语以及补语,如Finding a good job;动名词是名词化了的动词,所以它可以充当主语、宾语、定语和名词性的补语;(1)Being careless is not a good habit.(充当主语)(2) I hate talking with such people.(充当宾语)(3) I will bought a washing machine. (充当定语)(4) My favorite sport is skating. (充当表语,也就是主语补语)动名词长相与现在分词相同,但它们充当的句子成分有所不同,请比较现在分词;动名词有多种体现其时态和语态的形式。
1、动名词的一般式(doing)表示的动作通常是一般性动作,不明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。
如:(1) I hate talking with such people.(2)Being careless is not a good habit.2、动名词的完成式(having done)表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
如:(1) I don’t rememb er having met him before.(2) I have to say sorry for having given you so much trouble.3、动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的承受者,用动名词用被动式(being done)。
非谓语动词用法精讲动名词的用法及注意事项非谓语动词用法精讲:动名词的用法及注意事项非谓语动词是指在句子中作除谓语以外的成分的动词形式。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
在本篇文章中,我们将重点介绍动名词的用法及注意事项。
一、动名词的定义与结构动名词是由动词加上-ing构成的名词,它具有双重性质。
它既是动词又是名词,因此可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和宾补等成分。
二、动名词作主语动名词作主语时,后面需要用动词的单数形式。
例如:Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。
)三、动名词作宾语动名词作宾语时,通常跟在动词后面,表示动作的宾语或者表达一种习惯。
例如:I enjoy playing basketball.(我喜欢打篮球。
)四、动名词作表语动名词作表语时,用来说明主语的特征、性质或所从事的活动。
例如:Her hobby is reading books.(她的爱好是读书。
)五、动名词作定语动名词作定语时,修饰名词,表示名词的用途、功能等。
例如:I bought a writing pen.(我买了一支书写用的钢笔。
)六、动名词作宾补有些动词后接动名词作宾补,表示被动或完成的意义。
例如:He kept me waiting for a long time.(他让我等了很久。
)七、动名词的注意事项1. 与介词to连用:有些动词后接动名词时需要在两者之间加上介词to,表示目的或作用。
例如:He is looking forward to seeing you.(他期待着见到你。
)2. 与不定式的区别:有些动词后既可接动名词又可接不定式,但含义上有所区别。
例如:I enjoy playing soccer.(我喜欢踢足球。
)I want to play soccer.(我想要踢足球。
)3. 直接加名词所有格:有些动词后接动名词作宾语时,可以直接加名词所有格,表示所属关系。
非谓语动词之动名词一、动名词作主语1.一般置于句首:Reading English is easier than speaking it.2.有时也可以用it作形式主语,而把动名词放在谓语动词之后。
It will be nice seeing them again.这类句子结构常见的还有:1)It’s no use…;It is no use crying over spilt milk.2)It's no good…;It is no good feeling self——satisfied over your first success.3)Is it any good…?Is it any good trying to exp1ain?4)It's a waste of time…;It's a waste of time arguing about it.3.动名词还可以在There is no…句子结构中做主语:There is no asking him to come now.He is busy.这种句子中的动名词常带有宾语,其句型含义相当于It is impossible to do…二、动名词作表语连系动词常与动名词连用,一起构成复合谓语:Our task is building China into a powerfu1 modern socialist country.三、动名词作宾语1.作动词宾语:This factory has stopped producing the old type of engine.必须接动名词作宾语的动词常见的有:consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,excuse,finish,give up,cannot help(禁不住),imagine,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist,suggest,pardon,stop,allow,permit,forbid,appreciate等。
非谓语动词之动名词在英语中,不能单独作谓语而具有除谓语动词以外的语法功能的动词叫非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分:动名词、动词不定式、分词(现在/过去分词)。
非谓语动词的否定式是在非谓语动词前直接加not。
动名词既具有动词的特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
其形式是:doing;否定式是:not doing。
(一)、动名词的形式:(1)一般式:Seeing is believing.(2)被动式:He came to the party without being invited.(3)完成式:We remembered having seen the film.(4)完成被动式:He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.(5)否定式(not + 动名词):I regret not following his advice.,(二)、动名词的句法功能:(1)作主语:Reading aloud is very helpful.Collecting stamps is interesting.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
如:It's no use/no good/not any good/not any use/useless/a waste of time/fun quarrelling.It’s no use reading the book.a, ------ What made him so unhappy------ the ticket for the football match.A. Having been lostB. LostC. Because of losingD. Losingb. Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.\(2)作宾语:We have to prevent the air from being polluted.注意:动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语。
非谓语动词—动名词一.构成:二.动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
主动被动一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done 三.句法功能1. 作主语:表示习惯性行为,谓语动词用单数。
句型:no use /no goodnot any use / good + doingIt be of little use /goodworthIt’s worth making an appointment before you go .2. 作宾语:1) 只用doing 作宾语的动词:建议承认感激、欣赏避免允许禁止推迟原谅考虑喜欢结束幻想否认介意想象冒险逃避坚持理解包括见到错过练习报告做了原谅抵抗阻止、防止容忍、忍受考虑建议盼原谅承认推迟没得想否认完成就欣赏禁止想象才冒险不禁介意准逃亡advise , allow, forbid, permit ,consider doingsb to do 2) 接doing 的短语:习惯于导致致力于、贡献回去继续做坚持反对开始考虑注意不能忍受放弃想要坚持感谢道歉忙于做…有困难花费做开心做1) doing 用于there be 和have 句型中:someanysb have much + difficulty / trouble ( in ) doinglittlea littlesome / anythere be little / a little + difficulty / trouble +(in) doingmuchsb have funa pleasure + (in) doinga good time there be no needuseharm + (in) doinggoodhurry2) 接to do 和doing的区别:remember forget regret stop trymeanlearngo on/ continuebe afraidfearcan’t helpbe surelove/ likehate/ dislikepreferstart/ begin3) want / need / require to dodoing = to be donesb to dodeserve n. be worth n.doing / to be done doing to be donebe worthy n. (不可接钱、价格)ofbeing done3.作表语:表抽象、概念,指多次经常的工作。
考研长难句:非谓语动词之动名词1.动名词作主语(1)直接位于句首作主语。
例如:Swimming is a good sport in summer. 在夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。
(2)用it作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
动名词做主语时,不太常用it作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。
例如:It is no use telling him not to worry. 告诉他不要担心是没有用的。
(3)动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较:动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。
在意义上相近。
但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。
Smoking is not good for health. 吸烟对身体不好。
It is not good for you to smoke so much. 你抽这么多烟对身体不好。
2.动名词作宾语(1)只接doing做宾语的常见动词:admit, advise, avoid, appreciate (感激,欣赏), can't help(禁不住), can't bear (忍受不了), can't stand (忍受不了), delay, deny, endure, enjoy, escape, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, stop (停止) , mention, mind, miss (错过), postpone (推迟), practice, quit (戒), resist (抵制), resent, resume (恢复), risk, suggest, understand(2)介词宾语必须为doing:approve of ( 批准), insist on (坚持), keep (on) (继续), look forward to (盼望), object to (反对), put off (推迟), rely on (依靠, 依赖) , swear to (断言,坚决肯定), be accustomed to / to be used to (习惯于…)Furthermore, governments of many countries have taken effective measures to call on peopleto give up smoking.此外,许多国家的政府已采取有效措施,呼吁人民戒烟。
必修四Unit 2 语法----动名ing (作主语,宾语)姓名:_______非谓语动词:1.动名词:(可作主语,宾语,表语,定语,宾语补足语)2.动词不定3.分词动名词的时态,语态主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done 否定式在动名词(doing)前加上not动名词:一般式动名词一般式所表示的动作可与谓语动作同时,也可在谓语动作之前或之后,有时可能没有明确的先后关系1. 没有明确的先后关系。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。
His job is teaching. 他的工作是教书。
Finding work is difficult these days. 现在找工作可不容易。
2. 与谓语动作同时发生。
He kept smiling. 他不停地笑。
We had a good time in dancing with them. 我们同他们跳舞玩得很开心。
3. 发生在谓语动作之前。
I apologize for not having kept my promise.我为没能遵守诺言表示歉意。
He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country.他对国家做了大的贡献而受到表扬After reading your letter I knew what had happened. 看了你的信后我就知道出什么事了。
4. 发生在谓语动作之后。
He suggested bringing out a new type of bike. 他建议生产一种新型的自行车。
I am thinking of going to the Industrial Exhibition this afternoon.我想下午去看工业展览。