英语词汇学自考题19

历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及答案2000年4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷及答案第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.（）A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.（）A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.（）A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.（）A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originallyhad a specialized meaning has now become ________.（）A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.（）A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.（）A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenic/doc/f714555156.html,pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.（）A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.（）A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?（）A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.（）A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.（）A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.（）A. long（not short）B. ball（a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.（）A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?（）A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________./doc/f714555156.html,ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)types of meaning changes; 2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（）/doc/f714555156.html,l（place where things are made）22.Germanic（） B.grammatical23.extension（） C.double meaning24.narrowing（） D.Swedish25.linguistic（）/doc/f714555156.html,prehend/understand26.ambiguity（） F.Dutch27.participants（） G.degermined28.difference in denotation（） H.pigheaded29.appreciative（） I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）Ⅳ.Study the foll owing words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint（）35.preliminaries（）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize（）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell（）40.multi-purposes（）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context? Ⅶ.Analyze a nd comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.答案2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案Ⅰ.(30%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A24.J25.B26.C27.I28.E29.G30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.（head+tail）blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n35.full conversion36.suffix37.reversativ38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which makethem appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionaryin which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English;。

2023年自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】“Woman” becomes “ Frau” in German, “femme” in French and “f ùnǔ” in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______ .A. soundsB.formsC.unitiesD.meanings2.【单选题】It took a few seconds for her eyes to ________ to the darkness.A.allocateB.adoptC.applyD.adjust3.【单选题】What he told us was more of a(n) ________ than a reality.A.illusionB.demonstrationC.illustrationD.reputation4.【单选题】Generally, a dictionary covers the following contents EXCEPT ______.A. spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionD.syntactical rules5.【单选题】Words that are identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning are called ______.A.perfect homonymsB.homographsC.homophonesD.homonyms6.【单选题】In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the ______in which it occurs.A.structureB.sentenceC.phraseD.clause7.【单选题】A mong the following words, “ ______ ” does NOT have inflectional affixes.A. likedB.children’sC.happierD.it’s8.【单选题】He insured his car ________ he had an accident.A. unlessB.ifC.sinceD.in case9.【单选题】Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary ’ , 3rd Edition (1980), is among the best-known British ______ dictionaries.A.unabridgedB.deskC.pocketD.bilingual10.【单选题】Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987) has some unique features such as definition, extra column and ______.A. pronunciationB.grammar codesage examplesnguage codes11.【单选题】Modern economics ________ the country ’s agricultural policies.A.undergoesB.understandsC.underliesD.undertakes12.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?A.Cultural reason.B.Historical reasonC.Class reasonD.Psychological reason13.【单选题】Happiness doesn ’t alway s _______ money.A.go throughB.go in forC.go withD.go over14.【单选题】“ Apple, pear, peach, orange, lemon, etc. ” make up the ______ of “ fruit ”.A.synonymsB.homonymsC.superordinate termD.semantic field15.【单选题】—David has made great progress recently. — _______，and _______.A.So he has；so you haveB.So he has；so have youC.So he has；so do youD.So has he；so you have16.【单选题】One can figure out the meaning of “ airmail ” to be “ mail by air ” by its ______.A.onomatopoeic motivationB.morphological motivationC.semantic motivationD.etymological motivation17.【单选题】From the viewpoint of word formation, the word “ smog” is a ______.poundB.conversionC.clippingD.blending18.【单选题】Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs and stylistic features ofwords.B.Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.C.Affective meaning indicates the listener ’ s attitude towards the person or thing in questionD.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.19.【单选题】The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of the following EXCEPT ______ .A.EuropeB.the Far EastC.IndiaD.the Near East20.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the context clues?A.DefinitionB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy.第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】We cannot leave this tough job to a person ________.A.who nobody has confidenceB.in whom nobody has confidenceC.for whom nobody has confidenceD.who everyone has confidence of2.【单选题】How many monomorphemic words are there in the following words? cats boss work improper triedA.1B.2C.3D.43.【单选题】It has been years ________ I returned home.A.afterB.thatC.sinceD.when4.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of idioms?A.The part of speech of each element in an idiom is very important.B.The constituents of idioms can eplaced. ’ t be rC.The word order in an idiom can ’ t be changed.D.An idiom functions as one word.5.【单选题】Police are ________ the disappearance of two children.A. looking upB.looking throughC.looking intoD.looking on6.【单选题】______ of meaning is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized.A.DegradationB.ElevationC.ExtensionD.Specilization7.【单选题】Idioms nominal in nature have a(n) ______ as the key word in each and function as a noun in sentences.A.verbB.adjectiveC.prepositionD.noun8.【单选题】Among the following words, “ ______ ” contains a negative prefix.A.amoralB.de-composeC.antiwarD.foretell9.【单选题】The following words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______ .A.fireB.hotC.photoscanningD.sister10.【单选题】Which of the following words does NOT have suffixes?A.NorthwardB.WidenC.HappyD.Worker.11.【单选题】The professor worked for 7 hours at a ________.A.stretchB.extendC.expandD.prolong12.【单选题】Each of us should _______ aside a few minutes to have a rest every day.A.pushB.provideC.turnD.set13.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words in the present-day English vocabulary?A.The rapid development of modern science and technology.B.Social, economic and political changesC.The invasion of foreign countries.D.The influence of other cultures and languages.14.【单选题】Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese?A.BazaarB.KowtowC.RajahD.Blitzkrieg15.【单选题】The word “minister” originally meant “a servant”, but now has changed to“a head of a ministry ”. This process of meaning change is called ______ .A.extensionB.elevationC.degradationD.specialization16.【单选题】We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A. datedB.datingingD.kept17.【单选题】If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get ________.A. concentratedB.confusedC.confirmedD.convinced18.【单选题】Which of the following is partially converted?A. A whiteB.A drunkC.The poorD.Finals19.【单选题】We are interested in the weather because it _______ us so directly—what we wear, what we do and even how we feel.A.benefitsB.affectsC.guidesD.effects20.【单选题】A good worker in a key spot could, so _______ as he kept up production, take all the coffee breaks he wanted.A.longB.shortC.muchD.little第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：A2.正确答案：D本题解析：A 分配，拨出B 收养，过C 应用，申请D 调整，使适合3.正确答案：A本题解析：他告诉我们的更可能是幻想而不是现实。

全国2019年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832第一部分选择题（共30分）Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1.The process of meaning relation is also called .()A．extension B．degradation C．specialization D．elevation2.Idioms in the coursebook are used in a . ()A．broad sense B．narrow sense C．figurative sense D．special sense3.The relationship between the linguistic sign and a referent is . () A．conventional B．non-conventionalC．concrete D．specific4.The way to define an antonym is based on . ()A．contradiction B．contrarinessC．oppositeness D．relativeness5.The fact that the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields can be exemplified by .()A．Roget’s Thesaurus B．Concise Oxford DictionaryC．New Webster’s Dictionary D．Co-build Dictionary6.Context meaning.（）A．explains B．interprets C．defines D．all the above7.Though still at work today , can hardly compare with what it was in the past. （）A．word-formation B．borrowing C．derivation D．conversion8.Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally . （）A．movable B．unstableC．unchangeable D．ununderstandable9.Sentence idioms can be divided into . （）A．declarative and imperative B．interrogative and exclamativeC．verbal and adverbial D．both A and B10. is considered to be a highly-inflected language. （）A．Old English B．Middle EnglishC．Early Modern English D．Late Modern English11.A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be . （）A．affixational B．derivational C．free D．bound12.The introduction of at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary. （）A．printing B．Christianity C．French words D．all the above13.Which of the following statements is true? （）A．Every word has reference.B．E very word has sense.C．E very word is semantically motivated.D．Every word is conceptually motivated.14.Which of the following statements is CORRECT? （）A．The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.B．L oan words only refer to those borrowings in form.C．L oan words are all unrecognisable as being foreign in origin.D．Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.15.The relationship between words and things in the world is established by means of . （）A．reference B．sense C．concept D．meaning第二部分非选择题（共70分）Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16.The degraded meaning “sexual desire ”of the word “lust ”comes from its old meaning “”.17.Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and .18.The headword or entries are defined in the same language in a dictionary.19.The basic word stock forms the common of the language.20 Conceptual meaning is also known as meaning.Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) sense relations , 2) types of context , and 3) modes of word-meaning changes.(10%)A B()21.difference in connotation A. fond (from “foolish” to “affectionate”)()22.perfect homonym B. homely /domestic()23.degradation C. date ;date()24.transfer D. diseasing (from “discomfort ”to “illness”)()25.elevation E. fabulous (from “resembling a fable ”to “incredible”) ()26.narrowing F. jour nal (from “daily paper” to “periodical” )()27.extension G. silly (from “happy” to “foolish”)()28.generalization H. pitiful (from “full of pity” to “deserving pity”)()29.grammatical context I. It was a nice ball.()30.lexical context J. Visiting aunts can be boring.Ⅳ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of word formation , 2) types of affixes, 3) types of dictionaries, and 4) the type of idiom. (10%)31.LDCE ()32.deadline ()33.-ize,-en,-ate ()34.an affix that indicates grammatical relationships ()35.VOA ()36.The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology ()37.CED ()38.telephone →phone ()39.fly in the ointment ()40.hostess ()Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)41.a variation of an idiom42.morphs43.synonym44.jargon45.semantic motivationⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46.What is the role of context?47.Is it true that archaic and obsolete words in English will remain for ever out of use?48.What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain with two examples.Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.Read the extract, pick out the idioms and explain their meanings. Then rewrite the extract in standard non-figurative language.Sam is getting on ,too .His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy.ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of subordinates and superordinates.a. The girl got a book in the university.b. The girl borrowed a dictionary from the department.。

历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷及答案第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.（）A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.（）A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.（）A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.（）A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.（）A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.（）A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially_______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.（）A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenic/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763 2301274c9.html pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.（）A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.（）A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?（）A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.（）A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.（）A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.（）A. long（not short）B. ball（a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.（）A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?（）A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________./doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763 2301274c9.html ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context. Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（）/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763230 1274c9.html l（place where things are made）22.Germanic（）B.grammatical23.extension（）C.double meaning24.narrowing（）D.Swedish25.linguistic（）/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763230 1274c9.html prehend/understand26.ambiguity（）F.Dutch27.participants（）G.degermined28.difference in denotation（）H.pigheaded29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）Ⅳ.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint（）35.preliminaries（）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize（）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell（）40.multi-purposes（）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly 50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.答案4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案Ⅰ.(30%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A24.J25.B26.C27.I28.E29.G30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.（head+tail）blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n35.full conversion36.suffix37.reversativ38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5thcentury by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18%)49.1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist （nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）. 2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.50.1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）4月份全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题及答案英语（本科）专业第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd → ignorantB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in whicha word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning.This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types ofmeaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/。

2019年自考《英语词汇学》试题Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Words and Vocabulary1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.B. Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.C. Loan words are all unrecognizable as being foreign in origin.D. Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.2. The term "vocabulary "is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that_____.A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in a given dialect or field3. A word is a symbol that________.A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD. shows different ideas in different sounds4. Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because theyA. are complex words.B. are technical wordC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.5. The basic word stock forms the common____of the language.6. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or____. 7．Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited_____________Chapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary1. __is considered to be a highly-inflected language.A Old English B. Middle EnglishC. Early Modem EnglishD. Late Modem English2. The introduction of______ at the end of the'-6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. printing, B Christianity C. French words D. all the above3. Though still at work today, ___can hardly compare with what it was in the past.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. derivationD. conversion4. Early Modern English refers to the language spokenA. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 18005. Old English has a vocabulary of about_______words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,0006. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 wordsof___ in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin概念：Germanic，Old English简答：Is it true that archaic and obsolete words in English will remain for ever out of use?Chapter 3 Word Formation I1. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be----- .A. affixationalB. derivationalC. freeD. bound2. Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as____A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes3. ______are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. Affixes D, Compounds4. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and____5. Almost all affixes are_____________ morphemes because few can be used as independent words.概念：morphs，allomorph，morpheme简答：1。

全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（）A．meaning B．SoundC．combination of sounds D．Group2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（）A．more slowly than B．As quickly asC．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notionC．origin D．sound4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（）A．green revolution B．fast foodC．moon walk D．space shuttle5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.（）A．form B．meaningC．look D．pronunciation6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（）A．four B．fellC．for D．autumn7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______.（）A．/t/ B．/g/C．/p/ D．/k/英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页8．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.（）A．one B．twoC．three D．four9．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.（）A．works B．prewarC．postwar D．bloody10．30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.（）A．compounding B．affixationC．conversion D．shortening11．The word “motel” is created by ______.（）A．compounding B．clippingC．blending D．suffixation12．“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.（）A．acronymy B．clippingC．back-formation D．prefixation13．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.（）A．grammatical meaning B．conceptual meaningC．associative meaning D．literal meaning14．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.（）A．onomatopoeic B．morphologicalC．semantic D．etymological15．______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.（）A．Reference B．ConceptC．Sense D．Motivation16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.（）A．word formation B．word meaningC．meaning change D．Sense relations英语词汇学试卷第 2 页共9 页17．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.（）A．semantic B．onomatopoeicC．monosemic D．polysemic18．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.（）A．ire/anger B．rich/wealthyC．forlorn/distressed D．bliss/happiness19．Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.（）A．senses B．FormsC．dialects D．Terms20．The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”（）A．extension B．elevationC．narrowing D．degradation21．In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.”, the word “respectable” is used in the ______ sense of transfer.（）A．subjective B．objectiveC．sensational D．physical22．Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context?（）A．Elimination of ambiguity.B．Indication of referents.C．Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D．Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.23．The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.” is ambiguous due to ______.（）A．grammatical context B．polysemyC．antonymy D．hyponymy24．In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.”, the meaning of “sou’wester” can be inferred from the clue of ______.（）英语词汇学试卷第 3 页共9 页A．relevant details B．synonymyC．antonymy D．hyponymy25．The idiom “toss and turn” is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.（）A．alliteration B．metaphorC．metonymy D．rhyme26．Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?（）A．Sentence idioms. B．Idioms adverbial in nature.C．Clausal idioms. D．Idioms nominal in nature.27．The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.（）A．replacement B．additionC．shortening D．repetition28．Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.（）A．spelling B．syntactical usageC．pronunciation D．definition29．As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one（）A．A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)B．Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese TranslationC．A New English-Chinese DictionaryD．Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation30．Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.（）A．unabridged B．deskC．specialized D．encyclopedicⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)A B（ c ）31．She burst into passionate sobbing. A．juxtaposition（I ）32．He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B．notional word英语词汇学试卷第 4 页共9 页（g ）33．and C．transfer of sensations（h ）34．the man’s coat D．abstract to concrete（ a ）35．here and there E．derivational affix（ b ）36．moon F．alliteration（ f ）37．rough and ready G．functional word（ e ）38．ex-prisoner H．inflectional affix（j ）39．fair and square I．associated transfer（ d ）40．Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J．rhymeⅢ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）41．When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.42．Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.43．We might say that free morphemes are free root.44．The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________. 45．Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning ofa word．46．Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.47．V ocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.48．Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.49．Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.50．Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）51．morpheme52．homonym53．connotation54．elevation55．idiom英语词汇学试卷第 5 页共9 页Ⅴ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）56．As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words?57．What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point. 58．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.59．How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）60．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied.61．Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.（1）gold, bulb;（2）deer, beast, animals;（3）fortuitous, fruition.英语词汇学试卷第 6 页共9 页英语词汇学试卷第7 页共9 页英语词汇学试卷第8 页共9 页英语词汇学试卷第9 页共9 页。

202X年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学卷子课程代码0832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the onethat best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Which of the following words does NOT belong to terminology ( )A. Penicillin.B. Algebra.C. Symphony.D. Knife.2. In the sentence “I like to see a movie.〞, there are ________ functional words. ( )A.2B.3C.4D.53. Of the characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ________. ( )A. all national characterB. productivityC. polysemyD. collocability4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the following EXCEPT ________. ( )A. fast foodB. TV dinnerC. tahiniD. Watergate5. The prehistoric ________ parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language, which English originated from. ( )A. PrussianB. Indo-EuropeanC. CzechD. Russian6. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the ________ set and the Western set. ( )A. EasternB. AfricanC. AmericanD. Northern7. The plural morpheme “-s〞is realized by /z/ after the following sounds EXCEPT ________. ( )A./z/B./g/C./d/D./b/8. The word “recollection〞comprises ________ morphemes. ( )A.1B.2C.3D.49. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ________. ( )A. worksB. workerC. workingD. worked10. “Dis-〞in the word “disloyal〞is a ________ prefix. ( )A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative11. The word “AIDS〞is a(n) ________. ( )A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The word “smog〞is created by blending, with the structure of ________. ( )A. head + tailB. head + headC. head + wordD. word + tail13. So far as stylistic meaning is concerned, “residence〞is ________. ( )A. neutralB. informalC. colloquialD. formal14. Words which are used to show the attitude of approval are ________. ( )A. appreciativeB. pejorativeC. connotativeD. collocative15. “Pavement〞in British English and “sidewalk〞in American English have the same ________.( ) A. motivation B. collocationC. senseD. connotation16. A common feature peculiar to all natural languages is ________. ( )A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. monosemyD. polysemy17. In both CCELD and LDCE, the most frequently used meaning of the word “gay〞is ________. ( )A. joyous and lively, merry, happyB. homosexualC. given to social life and pleasureD. bright, brilliant18. All the following words can be used as an antonym to the word “clear〞EXCEPT ________. ( )A. dirtyB. fussyC. guiltyD. ambiguous19. The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT ________. ( )A. influx of borrowingB. analogyC. psychological factorsD. shortening20. A good example of ________ is the word “manuscript〞, which now means “writing by hand or typed with a type-writer or a word-processor〞, but its original meaning was “handwriting〞only.( )A. degradationB. elevationC. narrowingD. extension21. In the sentence “Never run towards a dangerous animal.〞, the word “dangerous〞is used in the ________ sense of transfer. ( )A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. sensationalD. physical22. The sentence “They saw her duck.〞is ambiguous due to ________. ( )A. grammatical contextB. lexical contextC. antonymyD. hyponymy23. The following are types of context EXCEPT ________. ( )A. linguistic contextB. non-linguistic contextC. syntactical contextD. extra-linguistic context24. In the sentence “The village had most of the usual amenities: a pub, a library, a post office, a village hall, a medical centre, and a school.〞The meaning of amenity can be inferred from the clue of ________. ( )A. relevant detailsB. word structureC. antonymyD. hyponymy25. The idiom “hustle and bustle〞is a ________ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned. ( )A. simileB. repetitionC. reiterationD. personification26. Sentence idioms embrace the following sentence types EXCEPT ________. ( )A. declarative sentenceB. interrogative sentenceC. imperative sentenceD. simple sentence27. “Beyond the pale〞is an idiom ________ in nature. ( )A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial28. The following are the types of dictionary EXCEPT ________. ( )A. monolingual dictionaries and bilingual dictionariesB. linguistic and encyclopedic dictionariesC. specialized dictionariesD. Chinese and English dictionaries29. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980) is a(n) ________ dictionary. ( )A. specializedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Usage notes of the dictionary explain the following aspects EXCEPT ________. ( )A. literal meanings of the wordsB. difficult points of grammar and styleC. important British and American differencesD. slight differences between words of similar meaningsII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of vocabulary by notion; 2) sources of synonyms; 3) types of motivation; and 4) types of transfer. (10%)A B( ) 31. morphological motivation A. laconic meaning “brief〞or “short〞( ) 32. associated transfer B. the foot of the mountain( ) 33. borrowing C. squeak/hiss( ) 34. etymological motivation D. You should address your remarks to the chair. ( ) 35. notional words E. charm/glamour( ) 36. abstract to concrete F. black market/greenhorn( ) 37. semantic motivation G. occupation/walk of life( ) 38. figurative use H. fire/flame/conflagration( ) 39. regional English I. This teaching assistant is an efficient help. ( ) 40. onomatopoeic motivation J. cloud/yellowIII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)41. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or ________ of sounds which are made voluntarily with human vocal equipment.42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, ________ and borrowing.43. The ________ is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.44. Suffixation generally changes the grammatical function or word ________ of stems of words.45. ________ indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.46. Relative synonyms or ________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality.47. There are generally ________ major factors that cause changes in meaning.48. Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called ________ or non-linguistic context.49. Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent ________.50. Three good general dictionaries are LDCE, CCELD and ________.IV. Define the following terms. (10%)51. bound root52. prefixation53. pejoration34. homophone55. grammatical contextV. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)56. What are the types of morphemes57. What is conceptual meaning of a word Give an example to illustrate your point.58. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the changes in word meaning. State your reason with one example.Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.59. What is semantic unity of idioms Explain it with one example.VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)60. Comment on the following 2 groups of words or sentences to illustrate the semantic features and grammatical features of compounds.Group 1: “red meat/hot dog〞Group 2: “He bad-mouthed me. / major generals〞61. Analyze and comment on the following two pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates:a]Trees surround the water near our summer place.b]Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin.a]I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.b]I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley.。

全国2018年7月自考英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choosethe one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Words may fall into native words and borrowed words by ______.（）A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. sound2. Which of the following words does NOT belong to jargon? （）A. Orchestra.B. Bottom line.C. Ballpark figures.D. Bargaining chips.3. In the sentence “It is fun to play with children.”, there are ______ content words. （）A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 54. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ______.（）A. open heart surgeryB. fast foodC. moon walkD. space shuttle5. Reviving archaic words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, the Americans use“sick”for ______ in British English. （）A. sixB. ailmentC. throwing upD. ill6. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of ______ endings.（）A. leveledB. shortC. longD. paralleled7. The plural morpheme “-s”is pronounced as/s/in the following words EXCEPT ______.（）A. packs B. bagsC. cheatsD. ships8. There are ______ free morphemic words in the following words: bird, man, red, turn.（）A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 49. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______. （）A. subseaB. prewarC. postwarD. desks10. The suffi x “-tion” is a ______ suffix. （）A. adjectiveB. verbC. adverbD. noun11. From the sentences “Hand in your papers.” and “She papered the room green.”, we can see such a means of word formation as ______. （）A. affixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. acronymy12. The word “beg” comes from the word “beggar”.Such a way of creating a new word is called ______.（）A. suffixationB. clippingC. blendingD. back-formation13. “Pen” and “sword” in the sentence “The pen is mightier than the sword.” are ______motivated words.（）A. semanticallyB. etymologicallyC. morphologicallyD. onomatopoeically14. “Tables, men, potatoes” have the same ______ meaning, for they have the same plural meaning. （）A. lexicalB. grammaticalC. conceptualD. associative15. Stylistic features of words include the following EXCEPT ______. （）A. formalB. literaryC. argumentativeD. slang16. The word ______ is an illustrative example of concatenation. （）A. neckB. boardC. candidateD. harvest17. Based on the degree of ______, homonyms fall into three classes: perfect homonyms, homographs and homophones. （）A. intensityB. propertyC. similarityD. variety18. Complete synonyms are identical both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning, including ______ and associative meanings. （）A. conceptualB. perceptualC. eventualD. actual19. Narrowing of meaning, also called ______, is the opposite of widening meaning.（）A. specialization B. realizationC. evolutionD. creation20. As far as transfer is concerned, the phrase “loud colours” falls into the category of transfer ______.（）A. from concrete to abstract meaningsB. from abstract to concrete meaningsC. through associationD. of sensations21. I n the sentence “She said with an embarrassed laugh.”, the word “embarrassed” can be classified into ______ sense of transfer. （）A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. sensationalD. physical22. Based on ______ context, we can determine the meaning of “do the flowers”.（）A. cultural B. grammaticalC. lexicalD. situational23. Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called ______ or non-linguistic context.（）A. extra-linguisticB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. syntactical24. In the sentence “Many United Nations employees are polyglots. Mr. Mary, for example, speaks fivelanguages.”, the word “polyglot” is explained by ______ clue. （）A. definitionB. exampleC. synonymyD. hyponymy25. Which of the following is NOT one of the stylistic features of idioms? （）A. Frozen style.B. Slang.C. Literary style.D. Colloquialisms.26. “Chop and change” is an idiom ______ in nature. （）A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27. The change of idiom “the last straw” from the original form is ______.（）A. replacementB. dismemberingC. additionD. shortening28. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ______ and encyclopedic dictionaries. （）A. linguisticB. encyclopediaC. specializedD. unabridged29. Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English is a(n) ______ dictionary. （）A. specializedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDCE) was noted for the following aspects EXCEPT ______.（）A. its wide coverage of new words, new meanings and new usagesB. its simple and clear definitionsC. its use of extra columnD. its meticulous and complete grammatical informationⅡ. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of vocabulary by notion; 2) types of morphemes; 3) sense relations and 4) types of idioms. (10% )A B( ) 31. rich/well-to-do/poor A. contradictory term of antonym( ) 32. call it a day B. superordinate/subordinate( ) 33. sow v. to scatter seeds/sow n. female adult pig C. homograph( ) 34. recollection/idealistic D. idiom nominal in nature( ) 35. employer/employee E. notional words( ) 36. without/behind F. relative term of antonym( ) 37. fish/herring G. bound morphemes( ) 38. cut and dried H. free morphemes( ) 39. watch/teach I. idiom verbal in nature( ) 40. brain trust J. idiom adjectival in natureⅢ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)41. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change and ______.43. ______ morphemes are chiefly found in derived words.44. Prefixes only modify the ______ of the stem.45. Lexical ______ of a word has two components: conceptual meaning and associative meaning.46. In dictionaries, a ______ has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries.47. Indeed, it often happens that a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed because the ______ has changed.48. The sentence “I lost Betty's picture.” is ambiguous due to ______.49. Based on the criterion of ______ functions, idioms may be classified into five groups.50. Encyclopedic dictionaries have the characteristics of both ______ dictionaries and encyclopedia.Ⅳ. Define the following terms. (10%)51. word52. clipping53. onomatopoeic54. synchronic approach55. desk dictionariesⅤ. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )56. Why, in modern English, were word endings mostly lost with just a few exceptions?57. What are the differences between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?58. How do you account for the semantic change in the living languages?59. What are contextual clues? Find out the meanings of the words in bold type and tell what contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meanings.A. Do you know the architect? He designed St. Paul's Cathedral.B. The book was only published posthumously, for the author had been dead for three years already.C. It is undesirable to write with too many parentheses, a pair of brackets round word or phrases.Ⅵ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)60. Analyze and comment on the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the extra-linguistic factors, each with example word(s) given below.pen, atomchurlcopperhead61. Analyze and comment on the fundamental difference between the processes of radiation and concatenation with the words neck and treacle.。

全国高等教育自学考试（一） 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832L Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ______ group of letters printed or written horizontallyacross a piece of pape 匸 ( A. smallB. meaningfulC ・ vocalD ・ large 2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including )informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. ( A. TerminologyB ・Jargon C ・ SlangD. Argot3. T'm sure that they will come today ；There are content words in the above sentence.( A. 2 B.3 C.4D. 54. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modem English vocabulary develops? ( A. Acronym.B. Blending.C ・ Elevation.D ・ Borrowing.5. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT _______ ・( )A. kungfu dinner D. Watergate6. In modem times, _____ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. (C. fast foodA. semantic changeB. borrowingC, expansionD ・creation7. The plural morphme "-s" is realizd by/iz/after the following sounds EXCEPT A. /s/ c. /z/B./g/ D./^/8. The word “idealistic” comprises _____ m orphemes ・( A. 1B.29. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ______ .( )A. happier C. harderB. worker D. taller10. "Washing machine” is a word formed by ____ ・( )A. prefixationC・ conversionll.“TV”isa(n).( ) B. compounding D. blendingA. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The prefix "mis-" in the word "mistrust" is a ______ refix ・()A. negative C. pejorativeB. reversative D. locative13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning^? ()A. Reference・B. Concept.C. Sense・D. Pronunciation.14. Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away" has the same ______ but different stylistic values. ( )A. referenceB. conceptC・ motivation D. style15. The word u airmaiT" is motivated. ( )A. onomatopocically C. semanticallyB. etymologically D. morphologically16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But __ , all words are related in one way or another.( )A. linguistically C. grammaticallyB. semantically D. pragmatically17, ___ , the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning・()A. Onomatopoeically C・ SynchronicallyB. Diachronically D. Etymologically18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their _____________ ( )A. ideologyC・ mythology B. etymology D. methodology19. Vocabulary is the most ______ e lement of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.A.unbalancedB. unstableC・ unhinged D.undoubted20. In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means “ _____ 5,and jump means ( )A.janitorB. partnerC・ collector D. observer21 ・ In the sentence "Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now." The word ^rown can be classified into ________ sense of transfe r.( )A.physicalB. objectiveC・ sensational D. subjective22.In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs・ This is called ________ context. ( )A.nonJinguisticB. 1 exicalC・ grammatical D. cultural23.The sentence "He is a hard businessman/5 is ambiguous due to _____ ■( )A.grammatical structureB. lexical contextC・ homonymy D. polysemy24.The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire ______ •( )A. physical situationB. grammatical structureC. mental activityD. cultural background25.Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? ( )A. Phonetic manipulation.B. Lexical manipulation.C. Syntactical manipulation.D. Figures of speech・26.In nothing flat as an idiom is _____ i n nature・()A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27・ The idiom "failure is the mother of success" is a ____ as far as figures of speech are concerned・( )A. simileB. metaphorC・ metonymy D. personification28.Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook?( )A.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B.Webster's Third New International Dictionary・C. A Chinese-English Dictionary・D.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary・29. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _______ dictionary ・( )A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. British dictionaries generally use ____ t o mark the pronunciation. A. British Phonetic Alphabet B. American Phonetic Alphabet C. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster's Phonetic AlphabetII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes; 2) the functions ofaffixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)111. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%) 41. Grammarians insist that a word be a ____ form that can function in a sentence.42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present _____ language ・43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and ______ m orphemes ・ 44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called ______ ・ 45. Though having little lexical meaning, _____ words have strong grammatical meaning.46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal ____ of the whole set alter;47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ______ . 4& The sentence T like Mary better than Jean." will lead to ______ . 49. The fixity of idioms depends on the ____ ・50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ______ and encyclopedic dictionaries.A( ) 31 ・ appreciativemeanings ( )32. parent/child ( ) 33. pejorative prefixes ( )34. man/woman( ) 35・ hyperactive/superfreeze ( ) 36. collocative meaning ( ) 37. decompose/unwrap ( ) 38. pejorative meaning ()39.radios/desks( )40.1 ocative prefixes BA. maltreatB. Jap/niggerC. tremble (not quiver) with fearD. famous/determinedE ・ extraordinaiy/telecommunication E prefixes of degree G. inflectional affixes H ・ reversative prefixes L contradictory termsJ. relative termsIV.Define the following terms. (10%)51.borrowed words52・ conversion53.motivation54.narrowing55.replacement of idiomsV.A nswer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56.What are derivational affixes?57.What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point・58.What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?The fairy tale "The Sleeping Beauty" is very interesting.59.Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal・VL Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)60.Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.[bj The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.[c] The metal will expand if heated.61.State the roles of context in detemiination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples・高等教育自学考试（二）英语词汇学试题 课程代码：10059I .Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20%, 1 point for each)1. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in ________________ w ords.()A. derivationalB. functionalC. inflectionalD. compound2. It is estimated that English borrowings constitutewere recognized as languages of literary heritage and great scholarship. B. Latin and FrenchC. English and FrenchD. Latin and German4. The word naturalization can be broken down intoA. 60B. 80 C ・50 D ・70A.2B. 3C.4D.55. Words may fall into content words and functional words byA. notion B ・ originC. frequencyD. meaning6. The process of affixation is also known asA. expansionB. inflection C ・conversionD. derivation7. The word dog may have quite different meanings indifferent cultures. (A. denotativeB. affective C ・ lexical D. grammatical8. Idioms are, in general, felt to be stylisticallyA ・ formal B. frozen C ・ informal D ・ neutral 9. The process by which a word of reputation slides into a pejorative use is calledA. degradationB. transferC. elevationD. narrowing10. Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the _________________ meaning of a word ・()percent of the modem English vocabulary.()3. During the Renaissance, A. Latin and Greekmorphemes.A. grammaticalB. associativeC. lexicalD. conceptual11. Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the ________________ meaning. ()A. grammatical C. lexical12. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes such as -er in employer have a______________ semantic role. ( )A. positiveB. bigC. negativeD. small13. Of the following sentences, it is most appropriate to say: ()A. "a man changes his habits, alters his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.' B ・ "a man alters his habits, changes his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.' C ・ "a man changes his habits, varies his conduct, and alters his manner of speaking. D. "a man varies his habits, alters his conduct, and changes his manner of speaking.， 14. _____________ antonyms such as present /absent are mutually exclusive ・ ()A. ContraryB. RelativeC. ContradictoryD. Gradable15. The process by which a word of wider meaning acquired a specialized sense is called _________________ ・ ( )A. naiTOwingB. elevationC. extensionD. transfer16. Words created through back formation are mostly __________________ ・ ( )A. nounsB.adjectivesC. adverbsD. verbs17. In a broad sense, idioms in elude but are not limited to the following: ( )A. proverbs, colloquialisms, free phrasesB. colloquialisms, catch phrases, slang expressionsC. regular combinations, catch phrases, slang expressionsD. free phrases, colloquialisms, catch phrases18. The most productive means of conversion takes place _______________ ・ ( )A. from adjectives to nounsB. between nouns and verbsC. from adjectives to verbsD. between adjectives and verbs19. The idiom part and parcel manifests phonetic manipulation/feature of ________________ ・ ( )A. rhymeB. repetitionC. reiterationD. alliteration20. The main body of a dictionaiy is the ______________ of words. ()B. denotative D. connotativeB. p ronunciationsD. usage notesII eDecide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)21 ・ Compounds, such as silkworm and easy chair, function grammatically as a single word. ()22. It is incorrect in saying that free morphemes are free roots. ()23. As an early language, Celtic made a big contribution to the English vocabulary ・()24. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word ・ ()25. A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym ・ ()26. The idiom earn one" s bread involves the metaphorical use of metonymy. () 27. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes serve to change the grammatical function ofthe stem.()2& Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability; they have limited productivity and collocability.()29. Conversion from noun to verb is not as productive as that of adjective to verb ・ ( )30. By form, we mean both its pronunciation and spelling ・ ()III <Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2 points for each)3 l.In the study of words, it is important to know about the ________________ and growth of the vocabulary.32.Strictly speaking, idioms are not readily understandable from their _________________ meanings of the individual elements ・ 33. While applying rules of word-formation, we should remember that there are always _______________ .34. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, with the help of _______________ 9 it can refer to something specific ・ 35・ Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and _______________ ・IV • Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to sense relations. (10%, 2 points for each) AB( ) 36・ expand A. doctor( ) 37. predecessorB. mare( ) 3& sea C. successor() 39・ surgeon D. see( ) 40. ponyE. enlargeV eStudy the given words and decide how each word is formed. (10%5 2 points for each)A. spellings C ・definitions ( )42.bookmark ( )43.orate ( )44.doc ( )45.medicare ( )VI.Answer the following questions* (15%)46.Exemplify, with one example each, the four types of clipping. (4%)47.Illustrate briefly the characteristics of idioms. (5%)4& Exemplify, with two pairs each, the three types of antonyms: contradictory terms, contrary terms, and relative terms.(6%)VILAnalyze and comment on the given sentence. (15%)49・ On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you.全国高等教育自学考试（三）英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832L Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30% )1. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or combination of sounds which are made voluntarilywith human ______ equipment.() A. visual B. vocal C. physicalD. mental2. Words may fall into content words and functional words by _______ ・( )A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. sound3. ______ refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves ・( )A. TerminologyB. ArchaismsC. SlangD. Jargon4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three channels through which modem English vocabulary develops? ( )A. Creation.B. Semantic changes.C. Clipping.D. Borrowing.5. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ________ ・( ) dinnerB. earthriseC. moon walkD. space shuttle6. The surviving languages fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the Eastern set and the _____________ set.( )A. Western C ・ American7. The plural morpheme is pronounced as/z/in the following words EXCEPT B. bags D. bottles & The word "prisoner” comprises B.2 D.49. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPTB. African D. NorthernA. beds C. cheatsmorphemes ・( A. 1 C.310. The prefix M over-n in the word "overweight" is a prefix ofA. orientation and attitude B・ degree orsizeC. time and order D・number11. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is calledA. back-formationB. acronymyC. conversion12. "Champagne”，a common noun, comes from a D・clipping•(A. name of a person B・ name of a placeC. name of a bookD. tradename13. is the relationship between language and the world. (A. Reference B・ConceptC. Sense D・Motivation14. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and itsA. formB. pronunciationC. spelling15. The word “D. meaning” is an onomatopoetically motivated word・(A. miaowB. swordC. laconicD. ainnail16. In modem English, an overwhelming majority of words areA. originalB. initialC. polysemousD. periodical,the derived meanings, no matter how many, are secondary in comparison・(17.A. SynchronicallyB. DiachronicallyC. EtymologicallyD. Onomatopoetically18. Want, wish, like and desire are synonyms, but as far as intensity is concerned, is the strongest of all. (A. wishB. likeC. wantD. desire19.There are five types of meaning changes and among which ________ a re the most common・( )A. degradation and elevationB. transfer and extensionC. elevation and narrowingD. extension and narrowing20.Due to ______ r eason, a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed because the referent has changed.( )A. verbal idiom in natureB. nominal idiom in nature21 ・ Among the following words only generalized.()is the word which originally had a specialized meaning and now has becomeA. journalB. wifeC ・ accidentD ・ disease22. Based on context, we can arrive at the meaning of "do a sum” ・(A. grammatical B ・ lexicalD. non-linguistic23. The sentence "The fish is ready to eat.” is ambiguous due to _____C. culturalA. grammatical structureB. hyponymyC. cultural influenceD. non-linguistic context24. In the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Birdwhistell.H The meaning of kinesics can be inferred from the clue of・()A. definitionB ・synonymy D. hyponymy25. Which of the following is NOT a figure of speech?()C. antonymyA. Metaph or.B ・Personification. C. Euphemism.26. Never do things by halves is a (n) D ・Shortening.•( ) C. sentence idiom D. adverbial idiom in nature27. The change of idiom "Silence is golden 11 from the original form isA. replacementB. position-shiftingD ・ shortening 28. The following are the unique features of Collins CO BUILD English Language Dictionary EXCEPT C ・ additionA. definitionB. extra columnC. usage examplesD. clear grammar codes29. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionaiy (1983) is a (n) ___________ dictionary ・(A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Which of the following is NOT true for the Chinese-English Dictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995) ?( A. The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries. B. The new edition revised some old entries.C. The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries.D. The dictionary boasts of the quality of the English equivalents.II • Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of word formation; 2) types of morphemes; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) discrimination of synonyms. (10% )A B()31・ honeybee A. difference in application()32・ handy/manual B・ difference in denotation()33・ upon C. bound morpheme()34. rich/wealthy D・ clipping()35・ medicare E. fimctional word()36. answer/reply F content word()37. flu G. compounding()38. steel H. initialism()39.VOA L blending()40. idealistic J. difference in connotationI]I. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10 % )41._____ are newly-created words or expressions,, or words that have taken on new meanings.42.In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a______ language to the present analytic language・43.The morphemes can be grouped into _______ morphemes and bound morphemes・44.The prefix n un-n in the word n unwrap n is a ________ prefix・45.Lexical meaning of a word has two concepts: ________ meaning and associative meaning・46.Hyponymy can be described in terms of _______ graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates・47.In Old English, animals and their _______share the same name.48.Stmctural patterns where a particular word is used is called ________ context.49.Idioms verbal in nature can be subdivided into _______ verbs and other verb phrases.50.Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _______ dictionary・IV.Define the following terms. (10% )51.bound morphemes52.affixes53・ blending54.unabridged dictionary55.dismembering of idiomV.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56.What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary?57.How many types do bound morphemes include? What are they?58.What is concept? Give an example to illustrate your point.59.How do you use a dictionary to the full?VI.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )60.Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. Customer: "How come yoursausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? H Butcher replied: ”Madam, in times like these no butcher can make both ends meet. H61.Analyze and comment on the following statement.As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context.高等教育自学考试（四）英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.(45%)1. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost alwaysA. motivatedB. arbitraryC. logicalD. unconventional2. Pronouns and numerals are semantically and have limitedA. polysemous; use and stabilityB. monosemous; collocability and stabilityC. polysemous; use and productivityD. monosemous; productivity and collocability3. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and .(A. dynamicB. paradigmaticC. diachronicD. syntagmatic4. Old English is a highly language just like modern German/A. agglutinativeB. analyticC. isolatingD. inflected5. Old English began to undergo a great change when the invaded England in 1066.(A. RomansB. DanesC. NormansD. Jutes6. The English Language is noted for the remarkable and of its vocabulary/A. complexity, heterogeneityB. purity, simplicityC・ naturalness, simplicity D・ naturalness, conventionality7. The popular method of classifying English morphemes is to group them into morphemes andmorphemes.(A. derivational, inflectionalB. free, boundC. free, inflectionalD. root, boundis the form to which affixes of any kind can be added.(A. rootB. stemC. 1 exemeD. headword9. In English, bound roots are either or ・(B.Greek, ScandinavianA. Latin, French10.The chief function of suffixation is to ______A.change the word-classB.change the meaning of the stemC・ change the semantic function of the stemD. all the above11._____________________________________________________ Affixation is the formation of words by adding word-forming or _________________________________________________ affixes to stems.( )A.derivational B・inflectionalC.boundD. locative12.Back formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______ .( )A.prefixationB. compoundingC.clippingD. suffixation13.Associative meaning comprises several types except _______ .( )A.connotative meaningB. stylistic meaningC.affective meaningD. lexical meaning14.“MuctT and “many” have the same _______ .( )A. concept B・motivationC. collocationD. sense15._____ meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships.( )A. LexicalB. ConceptualC. Associative D・ Grammatical16. ____ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because overwhelming majority of words have more than one meaning.( )A. Polysemy B・ HyponymyC. SynonymyD. Homonymy17.The difterences between synonyms boil down to three areas: ________ .( )A.elevation, connotation, applicationB.connotation, elevation, degradationC.connotation, denotation, applicationD.amelioration, deterioration, denotation18.A ____ term is general and a/an _______ term is specific^ )A. hyponym,subordinateB. superordinate, subordinateC. polysemant, monosemantD. lower, upper19. ____ have experienced the extension of meanings.( )A. Proper nouns in the pastB. Polysemic words of modern EnglishC. Technical terms in the pastD. All the above20.If a word which used to have a more _________ sense becomes restricted in its application in a present-day language, the word has undergone narrowing of meaning.( )A. specific B・ pejorativeC. generalD. appreciative21 ・ Many low, humble and despised occupations take more ______ names due to _______ r easons.( )A. appealing, economic B・ vulgar, psychologicalC. appealing, psychologicalD. non・affbchng, psychological22.Ambiguity is caused mainly by ______ context.( )A. lexicalB. historicalC. grammaticalD. inadequate23._____ and ______ often define each other, thus forming an important context clue.( )A. Antonymy, synonymy B・Hyponymy, homonymyC. Superordinates, subordinatesD. Lexical words, grammatical words24.Context is very important for the understanding of word-meaning because the meaning is influenced immediately by the_____ context, and in many cases by the whole ________ a s well.( )A. lexical, linguistic contextB. linguistic, speech situationC. grammatical, lexical contextD. lexical, extra-linguistic context25.Being phrases or sentences, idioms consist of more than _______ word, but each is a semantic unity.( )A. one B・twoC. threeD. four26.Idioms manifest apparent rhetorical coloring which excludes _______ .( )A. lexical manipulationB. stylistic manipulationC. phonetic manipulation D・figures of speech27.The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the _______ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.( )A. logicalB. lexicalC. illogicalD. grammatical28•厶ongman Lexicon of Contemporary English was compiled on the principle of _______ .( )A. pronunciation B・fieldsC. spellingD. usage29._____is a monolingual dictionary.( )A.Oxford Advance d L earners Dictionary of Contemporaiy English with Chinese TranslationB.New English-Chinese DictionatyC.Chinese-English DictionaryD.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English30.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______ .( )A.monolingual dictionaries B・ general dictionariesC. encyclopedic dictionariesD. both A and BIIL Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook.(5%)41.Stylistics is concerned with the user's ________ of linguistic elements in a particular context for special efleets.42.Of all the borrowed words in English, about ________ a re from French・43.Free morphemes and free ______ are identical.44.It deserves noting that conversion is not only a change of grammatical function of the lexical item involved but with itthe different range of ______ that it originally carried.45.Parts of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, these meaning of verbs all belong to _________ meaning・IV.Study the following words and decide how each word is formed.(10%)Example: disobey (affixation)46.honeymoon ( ) 47. medicare ( )48. donn ( ) 49. AIDS ( )。

全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（）A．meaning B．SoundC．combination of sounds D．Group2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（）A．more slowly than B．As quickly asC．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notionC．origin D．sound4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（）A．green revolution B．fast foodC．moon walk D．space shuttle5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.（）A．form B．meaningC．look D．pronunciation6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall”means ______ in British English.（）A．four B．fellC．for D．autumn7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT______.（）A．/t/ B．/g/C．/p/ D．/k/8．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.（）A．one B．twoC．three D．four9．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.（）A．works B．prewarC．postwar D．bloody10．30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.（）A．compounding B．affixationC．conversion D．shortening11．The word “motel” is created by ______.（）A．compounding B．clippingC．blending D．suffixation12．“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.（）A．acronymy B．clippingC．back-formation D．prefixation13．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.（）A．grammatical meaning B．conceptual meaningC．associative meaning D．literal meaning14．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.（）A．onomatopoeic B．morphologicalC．semantic D．etymological15．______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in thehuman mind.（）A．Reference B．ConceptC．Sense D．Motivation16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.（）A．word formation B．word meaningC．meaning change D．Sense relations17．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.（）A．semantic B．onomatopoeicC．monosemic D．polysemic18．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.（）A．ire/anger B．rich/wealthyC．forlorn/distressed D．bliss/happiness19．Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.（）A．senses B．FormsC．dialects D．Terms20．The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”（）A．extension B．elevationC．narrowing D．degradation21．In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.”, the word “respectable” is used in the ______ sense of transfer.（）A．subjective B．objectiveC．sensational D．physical22．Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context?（）A．Elimination of ambiguity.B．Indication of referents.C．Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D．Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.23．The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.”is ambiguous due to ______.（）A．grammatical context B．polysemyC．antonymy D．hyponymy24．In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.”, the meaning of “sou’wester” can be inferred from the clue of ______.（）A．relevant details B．synonymyC．antonymy D．hyponymy25．The idiom “toss and turn” is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.（）A．alliteration B．metaphorC．metonymy D．rhyme26．Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?（）A．Sentence idioms. B．Idioms adverbial in nature. C．Clausal idioms. D．Idioms nominal in nature.27．The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.（）A．replacement B．additionC．shortening D．repetition28．Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.（）A．spelling B．syntactical usageC．pronunciation D．definition29．As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one（）A．A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)B．Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation C．A New English-Chinese DictionaryD．Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation 30．Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.（）A．unabridged B．deskC．specialized D．encyclopedicⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion;and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)A B（ c ）31．She burst into passionate sobbing. A．juxtaposition（ I ）32．He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B．notional word（ g ）33．and C．transfer of sensations （ h ）34．the man’s coat D．abstract to concrete （ a ）35．here and there E．derivational affix（ b ）36．moon F．alliteration（ f ）37．rough and ready G．functional word（ e ）38．ex-prisoner H．inflectional affix（ j ）39．fair and square I．associated transfer（ d ）40．Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J．rhyme Ⅲ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）41．When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper. 42．Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.43．We might say that free morphemes are free root.44．The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________.45．Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word．46．Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.47．Vocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.48．Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.49．Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.50．Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）51．morpheme52．homonym53．connotation54．elevation55．idiomⅤ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）56．As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words?57．What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point.58．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between. 59．How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）60．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied.61．Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.（1）gold, bulb;（2）deer, beast, animals;（3）fortuitous, fruition.。

2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案一、单项选择题每小题1分，共30小题1、Which of the following is NOT true about sound and meaning （）A.The relationship between them is conventionalB.The symbolic connection between them is almost always arbitraryC.In different languages the same concept can be represented by the same soundsD.There is no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself2、The verb take, which belongs to the basic word stock, may mean: to carry from one place to another; to get for oneself; to be willing to accept, etc. This example shows basic word stock is characterized by__（）A.stabilityB.productivityC.polysemyD.collocability3、The English expression long time no see is from the Chinese expression好久不见,so it can be classified into __ according to the manner of borrowing（）A.denizensB.liensC.semantic-loansD.translation-loans4、After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came and dominated England. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as__ English（）A.OldB.NewC.MiddleD.Modern5、Which of the following is NOT true（）A.Old English was a highly inflected languageB.English is more closely related to German than FrenchC.Modern English is considered to be an analytic languageD.In early Middle English period, English, Latin, and Celtic existed side by side6、There are such new words as open heart surgery, and spaceshuttle in Modern English. These words show__（）A.the invasion of foreign countriesB.social, economic and political changesC.the influence of other cultures and languagesD.the rapid development of modern science and technology7、Which of the following words is the example of free morphemes（）A.carsB.virusC.teacherD.happier8、The basic form of a word which CANNOT be further analyzed without total loss of identity is a__（）A.prefixB.suffixC.rootD.bound morpheme9、There is/are__ monomorphemic word（s） in the following words: desire, bossy, bird, feet, southward（）A.1B.2C.3D.410、Which of the following words has a prefix of attitude （）A.misconductB.unwrapC.anti-nuclearD.mini-election11、Examination has given way to its shortened form exam. This is the example of__ in word formation（）A.clippingB.acronymypoundingD.conversion12、The following suffixes come at the end of noun stems to form abstract nouns EXCEPT__（）A.-domB.-ageC.-shipD.-eer13、In word meaning, the relationship between language and the world is__by means of which, a speaker indicates which things in the world are being talked about（）A.referenceB.conceptC.senseD.motivation14、In modern English some words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises, and the sounds suggest their meanings, like hiss, cuckoo, and buzz. These words are __motivated（）A.onomatopoeicallyB.morphologicallyC.semanticallyD.ctymologically15、Mother, denoting a "female parent", is often associated with "love", "care", etc. This example shows that words have__ meaning（）A.affectiveB.stylisticC.connotativeD.collocative16、The words right, write and rite are__（）A.homophonesB.homographsC.perfect homonymsD.perfect synonyms17、Which of the following pairs of synonyms comes from the source of figurative and euphemistic use of words（）A.help—lend one a handB.wise—sageC.lie—distort the factD.job—gig18、The following words make up the semantic field of fruits EXCEPT__（）A.apricotB.celeryC.ateD.avocado19、Some phrases containing material nouns are shortened and only the material nouns are left to refer to objects made of them, for example silver now used for " silver dollar". This is a process of__ of meaning（）A.generalizationB.specializationC.elevationD.degradation20、Which of the following shows degradation of word meaning （）A.meat meaning from "food" to "flesh of animalsB.angel meaning from" messenger" to" messenger of GodC.butcher meaning from "one who kills goats" to "one who kills animalsD.villain meaning from "a person who worked in a villa" "an evil or wicked person21、Which of the following shows that the influx of borrowings has caused some words to change in meaning（）A.Bulb is used for "light bulbB.The meaning of the word fortuitous changed from "accidental" to "fortunateC.The word pig is used for live animals while pork from French is used for pigs killed and brought to the tableD.Words like democracy, human rights, revolution have different meanings in different societies22、The following factors may lead to ambiguity EXCEPT__（）A.polysemyB.homonymyC.grammatical structureD.word class23、The word paper means differently in the phrases a sheet of paper and today‘s paper, which shows that __context affects the meaning of words（）A.non-linguisticB.grammaticalC.lexicalD.social24、What context clue is used in the sentence Copernicus believed in a heliocentric universe, rather than in the geocentric theory（）A.Sentence patternB.Word structureC.AntonymyD.Hyponymy25、The expression in question meaning "being considered" CANNOT be turned into in the question. This example indicates__（）A.the constituents of idioms cannot be replacedB.the word order cannot be inverted or changedC.the various words that make up the idioms have lost their individual identityD.the constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to, not even an article26、Which of the following is an idiom adjectival in nature （）A.Jack of all tradesB.beyond the paleC.follow one‘s noseD.make it27、Alliteration is used in the following idioms EXCEPT__（）A.wear and tearB.might and mainC.rough and readyD.toss and turn28、One can find the definition of the headword wind and additional knowledge about winds such as types and names of winds, their velocity, force, etc. in a（n） __ dictionary （）A.linguisticB.encyclopedicC.unabridgedD.pocket29、The main body of a dictionary is its__ of words（）A.spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionage30、The definition of aide is "An aide is person who works as an assistant to someone with an important job, especially in government or armed forces". Such a definition is most likely to be found in__（）A.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English（1987）B.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary（1987）C.Chinese-English Dictionary（1995）D.Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English（1975）二、简答题每小题5分，共4小题1、What is a free morpheme2、Form compounds by using the following elements （each one can be used only once）: cry-; sit-; law-; out-;bitter--in;-sweet; -break;-baby; -abiding3、What is radiation in the sense of development of word-meaning4、Explain what leads to ambiguity in the sentence He is a hard businessman三、论述题每小题10分，共2小题1、What is stylistic meaning of word Use domicile, residence, abode, and home to illustrate the stylistic difference of synonyms2、Comment on the characteristics of antonyms by illustrating the following pair of sentences. （1）How tall is his brother （2）How short is his brother四、填空题每小题1.5分，共10小题1、A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given__ and meaning and syntactic function2、Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change, and__3、The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is__4、I promised to babysit for my neighbor this weekend. In the sense of word formation, the underlined word babysit is formed by__5、Semantic motivation refers to the__ associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word6、Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. Take flower and rose as an example. Flower is the__ term while rose is the subordinate term7、Barn was once "a place for storing only barley", but now means "storeroom". This is an example of __of meaning8、The word become means differently in the structures "become adj." and "become +of. " This shows that __context may affect the meaning of words9、Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent __, for instance, by twos and threes cannot be turned into by threes and twos10、The headword or entries are defined and illustrated in the __ language in monolingual dictionaries五、名词解释题每小题3分，共5小题1、terminology2、compounding3、homonyms4、linguistic context （in a narrow sense）5、phrasal verbs参考答案：【一、单项选择题】1~5CCDAD6~10DBCBC11~30点击下载查看答案【二、简答题】1Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes areconsidered to be free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences.21) crybaby;2) sit-in;3) law-abiding;4) outbreak;5) bitter-sweet3Radiation is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays. The meanings are independent of one another.4The word hard in this context can mean both 查看答案【五、名词解释题】1Terminology consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.2Compounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.3Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.4In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic context.5Phrasal verbs are idioms which are composed of a verb plus a prep. and/ or a particle.。

英语词汇学自考题模拟19(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that **pletes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1. Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as ______.A. inflectional affixesB. derivational affixesC. bound rootsD. free morphemes2. Ambiguity often arises due to homonymy and ______.A. synonymyB. antonymyC. polysemyD. hyponymy3. Alliteration and rhyme are two aspects of ______, which in **poses one aspect of rhetorical features.A. phonetic manipulationB. lexical manipulationC. figures of speechD. phrasal verbs4. "John ran the egg and spoon race." is ambiguous due to ______.A. homonymyB. polysemyC. extra-linguistic contextD. lexical context5. Modern English is an analytic language of which most endings are lost, leaving us a few ______.A. rootsB. stemsC. inflectional affixesD. bound morphemes6. Idioms adjectival in nature can function as ______.A. nounsB. attributesC. modifiersD. adjectives7. Words like "freak", "nuts", "knocked out" can be categorized as ______.A. terminologyB. jargonC. slangD. neologisms8. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Old English was a highly inflected language.B. Reviving archaic or obsolete words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary.C. The word "cloak" is of French origin.D. Modern English is a synthetic language.9. The root of the word "internationalist" is ______.A. inter-B. nationalC. nationD. -ist10. Associative meaning of **prises the following EXCEPT ______.A. connotative meaningB. lexical meaningC. affective meaningD. collocative meaning11. The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.A. more slowly thanB. as quickly asC. more rapidly thanD. not so quickly as12. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ______.A. green revolutionB. ketchupC. moonwalkD. space shuttle13. Semantic **es about by means of change of ______, whereas the form of a word remains the same.A. formB. meaningC. lookD. pronunciation14. The word "nationalist" comprises ______ morphemes.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 415. "Boyfriend" is a word formed by ______.A. prefixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blending16. "AIDS" is a(n) ______.A. initialismB. acronymC. compoundD. derivative17. The prefix "dis-" in the word "discover" is a ______ prefix.A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative18. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of "word-meaning"?A. Sense.B. Concept.C. Reference.D. motivation.19. The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the ______ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in "rain cats and dogs".A. illogicalB. logicalC. mutualD. natural20. Both English and Danish belong to the Germanic branch of the ______ family.A. Balto-SlavicB. Indo-EuropeanC. Armenian and AlbanianD. Indo-Iranian21. Which of the following are bound morphemes?A. Bound roots.B. Inflectional affixes.C. Derivational affixes.D. All the above.22. The following are user-friendly features of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English EXCEPT ______.A. extra columnB. clear grammar codesC. usage notesD. language notes23. Which of the following is an example of suffixation?A. Semi-god.B. Attempt.C. W AVES.D. Stupidity.24. The following are all examples of neologisms EXCEPT ______.A. chill outB. SARSC. futurologyD. screw-driver25. Associative meaning of **prises ______.A. lexical meaningB. grammatical meaningC. conceptual meaningD. collocative meaning26. ______ is a common feature which can be found in all natural languages.A. SuffixationB. PolysemyC. AllomorphD. Variation27. ______ is what is needed to understand the very sense of a word a person is uttering.A. ContextB. GrammarC. Structural stabilityD. Stylistic feature28. The rhetorical features of idioms include ______.(1) phonetic manipulation(2) lexical manipulation(3) literary expressions(4) elimination of ambiguityA. (1),(2)and(4)B. (1),(3)and(4)C. (3)and(4)D. (1),(2)and(3)29. There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four30. The word "flush" is created by ______.A. compoundB. clippingC. blendingD. suffixationⅡ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.1. Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give ______ of referents.2. Words can be classified into ______ words and functional words by notion.3. In the word "preschool", " pre-" is a prefix of ______.4. Functional words have little ______ meaning but strong grammatical meaning.5. ______, also called near-synonyms, are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but have different degrees of a given quality.6. Instead of changing the ______ of the stem as a general rule, the main function of the prefixes is to change its meaning.7. "Fall" in American English and "autumn" in British English have the same ______.8. The three groups of antonyms are: contradictory terms, ______ and relative terms.9. It can be said that ______ are free roots.10. ______ are words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning.Ⅲ.Define the following terms.1. perfect homonyms2. homophones3. complete synonyms4. non-linguistic context5. replacement of idiomsⅣ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.1. Decide whether the following statement is tree or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms.As far as stylistic values are concerned, most idioms are formal.2. What is the remarkable feature of Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English?3. What is compounding and what are the relative criteria of compounds?4. What is affective meaning? What are words with positive or negative emotive values used to denote?Ⅴ.Analyze **ment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.1. Some people hold that Shakespeare is more difficult to read than contemporary writings. Do you agree or disagree to **ment? State your reason(s) with at least three examples.2. Analyze **ponents of the following words: revive, minicar, automobiles, exit, porter.。

全国202X年10月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学真题课程代码：00832本卷子总分值100分，考试时间150分钟.考生答题考前须知：1.本卷全部真题必须在答题卡上作答。

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3.第二局部为非选择题。

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第—局部选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%)1.Of all the characteristics listed for the basic word stock the most important is____.A.all national characterB. collocabilityC. stabilityD. productivity2.Which of the following words is NOT one of the aliensA.Kowtow.B.Bazaar.C.Mother tongue.D.Status quo.3.Which of the following statements is NOT trueA.A word is the smallest form of a language.B.A word is a sound unity.C.A word has a given meaning.D.A word can be used freely in a sentence.4.The language used between 1150 and____is called Middle English.A. 1250B.1500C.1850D.17005.The five Romance languages, namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Roumanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called ____.A. LatinB.GreekC.RussianD.Spanish6. Which of the following words does NOT belong to the words of French originA. Skirt.B.State.C.Roast.D.Crime.7.Which of the following words does NOT have a suffixA.Northward.B. Snowy.C. Happy.D. Worker.8.Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Which of the following words does NOT have a derivational affixA. Reread.B. Prewar.C. Postwar.D. Postcard.9.How many free morphemic words are there in the following words: wind, man, reddish, collectionA. 1B.2C.3D.410.Which of the following words contains a number prefixA. Amoral.B. Disunite.C.Antiwar.D. Bicycle.11.Which of the following words is an example of blendingA. Smog.B. Sandwich.C.Quake.D. NATO.12.The verbal phrase “fall down〞can be turned into a noun compound as____.A. falling downB. downfallC.fall-downD. fallen-down13.The following words are onomatopoetically motivated words EXCEPT ____.A. bangB. miniskirtC.quackD. hiss14.The word “mother〞is often associated with “love〞，“care〞，“tenderness〞，“forgiving〞，etc. In this sense, the word “mother〞conveys____.A. connotative meaningB. stylistic meaningC. affective meaningD. collocative meaning15.Which of the following statements is trueA.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.B.Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.C.Affective meaning indicates the listenerattitude towards the person or thing in question.D.Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs and stylistic features of words.16.Words are____symbols and independent identities so far as their outer facet — spelling and pronunciation, is concerned.A. arbitraryB. clearC.traditionalD.cultural17.When a word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning, which is called the primary meaning. Which of the following is the primary m eaning of the word “face〞？A. A surface of a thing.B. The topography (of an area).C. The front of the head.D. Outward aspect.18.“Comprehend〞and “understand〞are synonyms, but “understand〞is used in a much more extended sense than “comprehend〞. The above example shows there is difference in ____between near-synonyms.A. denotationB. connotationC.applicationD. implication19.Word-meaning changes by the following modes EXCEPT____.A. narrowingB. broadeningC.transferD. elevation20.The word “journ al〞originally meant mere “daily paper〞，but now has come to include any “periodical〞. The above example reflects one type of changes in word meaning,that is，____.A. extensionB.narrowingC.degradationD. elevation21.Which of the following is one of the linguistic factors that cause the change of meaningA. Social classes.B. Scientific discovery.C. Psychological motives.D. Analogy.22.The meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is what we call____context.A. lexicalB.grammaticalC.structuralD. non-linguistic23.Ambiguity often arises due to____，as is shown in the sentence “He is a hard businessman"，in which “hard〞can mean both “hardworking〞and “difficult〞.A. polysemyB.homonymyC.synonymyD. antonymy24.The context clue used in “It’s just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessors — those tiny parts ofa computer commonly known as ‘silicon chip’〞is____.A. definitionB.explanationC. exampleD. relevant details25.Which of the following is NOT one type of figures of speechA. Addition.B.Personification.C. Euphemism,D. Metaphor.26.Which of the following rhetorical features can be seen in the idiom “bag and baggage〞？A. Rhyme.B. Alliteration.C. Juxtaposition.D. Synecdoche.27.The change in the idiom “take short views〞from the origin al form “take long views〞is____.A. dismemberingB.position-shiftingC. replacementD. shortening28.Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionariesA.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B.Webster's Third New International Dictionary.C.A Chinese-English Dictionary.D.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary,29.Readers will usually find the following areas of information of a word in a general dictionary EXCEPT____.A. difference with its synonymsB. definitionC. pronunciationD. usage30.American dictionaries generally use____ to mark the pronunciation.A. British Phonetic AlphabetB. American Phonetic AlphabetC. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster’s Phoneti c Alphabet非选择题局部考前须知：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在真题卷上。

2019年自考《英语词汇学》试题Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Words and Vocabulary1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.B. Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.C. Loan words are all unrecognizable as being foreign in origin.D. Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.2. The term "vocabulary "is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that_____.A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in a given dialect or field3. A word is a symbol that________.A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD. shows different ideas in different sounds4. Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because theyA. are complex words.B. are technical wordC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.5. The basic word stock forms the common____of the language.6. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or____. 7．Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited_____________Chapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary1. __is considered to be a highly-inflected language.A Old English B. Middle EnglishC. Early Modem EnglishD. Late Modem English2. The introduction of______ at the end of the'-6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. printing, B Christianity C. French words D. all the above3. Though still at work today, ___can hardly compare with what it was in the past.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. derivationD. conversion4. Early Modern English refers to the language spokenA. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 18005. Old English has a vocabulary of about_______words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,0006. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 wordsof___ in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin概念：Germanic，Old English简答：Is it true that archaic and obsolete words in English will remain for ever out of use?Chapter 3 Word Formation I1. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be----- .A. affixationalB. derivationalC. freeD. bound2. Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as____A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes3. ______are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. Affixes D, Compounds4. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and____5. Almost all affixes are_____________ morphemes because few can be used as independent words.概念：morphs，allomorph，morpheme简答：1。

全国2019年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. There are ______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. forC. threeD. five2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Anglo-SaxonD. Celtic4. The idiom “Jack of all trades”results from ______.A. additionB. position-shiftingC. dismemberingD. shortening5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes.A. Free rootsB. Free morphemesC. Bound morphemesD. Meaningful units6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______.A. the growth of science and technologyB. economic and political changesC. the influence of other cultures and languagesD. all the above7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. semantic changeD. both B and C8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important?A. StabilityB. Collocability.C. Productivity.D. National character.19. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.A. historical reason and class reasonB. historical reason and psychological reasonC. class reason and psychological reasonD. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors10. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______.A. they come from the same sourceB. they are correlated with one central meaningC. they are listed under one headword in a dictionaryD. all the above11. Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing12. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called ______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. rhetorical functionD. none of the above13. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives? ______A. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.14. More often than not, functional words only have ______.A. lexical meaningB. associative meaningC. collocative meaningD. grammatical meaning15. Linguistic context is also known as ______ context.A. socialB. verbalC. lexicalD. physicalII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. In the course book, the idioms are classified according to ______ functions.17. Linguistic context can be further divided into ______ context and grammatical context.18. The ______ languages made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with a few place names like Avon, kent, Themes.19. Morphemes which are identical with root words are considered to be ______.20. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) stylistic meanings; 2)language groups; 3)degrees of inflections and 4) onomatopoeic motivation. (10%)A B23( )21. apesA. colloquial ( )22. Old EnglishB. a language of full endings ( )23. IrishC. Italic ( )24. tinyD. very formal and official ( )25. FrenchE. yelp ( )26. cattleF. poetic ( )27. domicileG . Celtic ( )28. abodeH. gibber ( )29. foxesI. a language of leveled endings ( )30. Middle English J. lowⅣ. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of meaning and 3) types of motivation. (10%)31. mismanage( ) 32. elephants-trumpet( ) 33. pretty ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧flower woman girl( ) 34. forehead( ) 35. bossy( ) 36. sun: a heavenly body which gives off light, heat ( ) 37. anti-establishment( ) 38. subsea ( ) 39. a sea of troubles( ) 40. harder( ) Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)41. idiom42. functional words43. degradation44. bilingual dictionary45. conversion Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What factors should one take into account when he chooses a dictionary?47. What are the features of compounds? Give examples.48. Cite ONE example to illustrate what grammatical meaning is.Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49. Read the following extract and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you work out the meaning.‘Get me an avocado, please,’Janet said, smacking her lips, but her brother, with a glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet.50. Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy.apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery4。

全国自考2018年7月英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Which of the following words does NOT belong to terminology? ( )A. Penicillin.B. Algebra.C. Symphony.D. Knife.2. In the sentence “I like to see a movie.”, there are ________ functional words. ( )A.2B.3C.4D.53. Of the characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ________. ( )A. all national characterB. productivityC. polysemyD. collocability4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the following EXCEPT ________. ( )A. fast foodB. TV dinnerC. tahiniD. Watergate5. The prehistoric ________ parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language, which English originated from. ( )A. PrussianB. Indo-EuropeanC. CzechD. Russian6. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped1into the ________ set and the Western set. ( )A. EasternB. AfricanC. AmericanD. Northern7. The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /z/ after the following sounds EXCE PT ________. ( )A./z/B./g/C./d/D./b/8. The word “recollection” comprises ________ morphemes. ( )A.1B.2C.3D.49. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ________. ( )A. worksB. workerC. workingD. worked10. “Dis-” in the word “disloyal” is a ________ prefix. ( )A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative11. The word “AIDS” is a(n) ________. ( )A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The word “smog” is created b y blending, with the structure of ________. ( )A. head + tailB. head + headC. head + wordD. word + tail13. So far as stylistic meaning is concerned, “residence” is ________. ( )A. neutralB. informalC. colloquialD. formal14. Words which are used to show the attitude of approval are ________. ( )2A. appreciativeB. pejorativeC. connotativeD. collocative15. “Pavement” in British English and “sidewalk” in American English have the same ________.( )A. motivationB. collocationC. senseD. connotation16. A common feature peculiar to all natural languages is ________. ( )A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. monosemyD. polysemy17. In both CCELD and LDCE, the most frequently used meaning of the word “gay” is ________.( )A. joyous and lively, merry, happyB. homosexualC. given to social life and pleasureD. bright, brilliant18. All the following words can be used as an antonym to the word “clear” EXCEPT ________.( )A. dirtyB. fussyC. guiltyD. ambiguous19. The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT ________. ( )A. influx of borrowingB. analogyC. psychological factorsD. shortening20. A good example of ________ is the word “manuscript”, which now means “writing by hand or typed with a type-writer or a word-processor”, but its original meaning was3“handwriting” only.( )A. degradationB. elevationC. narrowingD. extension21. In the sentence “Never run towards a dangerous animal.”, the word “dangerous” is used in the ________ sense of transfer. ( )A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. sensationalD. physical22. The sentence “They saw her duck.” is ambiguous due to ________. ( )A. grammatical contextB. lexical contextC. antonymyD. hyponymy23. The following are types of context EXCEPT ________. ( )A. linguistic contextB. non-linguistic contextC. syntactical contextD. extra-linguistic context24. In the sentence “The village had most of the usual ameniti es: a pub, a library, a post office,a village hall, a medical centre, and a school.” The meaning of amenity can be inferred from the clue of ________. ( )A. relevant detailsB. word structureC. antonymyD. hyponymy25. The idiom “hustle and bustle” is a ________ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned. ( )A. simileB. repetitionC. reiterationD. personification26. Sentence idioms embrace the following sentence types EXCEPT ________. ( )A. declarative sentenceB. interrogative sentenceC. imperative sentenceD. simple sentence27. “Beyond the pale” is an idiom ________ in nature. ( )4A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial28. The following are the types of dictionary EXCEPT ________. ( )A. monolingual dictionaries and bilingual dictionariesB. linguistic and encyclopedic dictionariesC. specialized dictionariesD. Chinese and English dictionaries29. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980) is a(n) ________ dictionary. ( )A. specializedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Usage notes of the dictionary explain the following aspects EXCEPT ________. ( )A. literal meanings of the wordsB. difficult points of grammar and styleC. important British and American differencesD. slight differences between words of similar meaningsII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of vocabulary by notion; 2) sources of synonyms; 3) types of motivation; and 4) types of transfer. (10%)A B( ) 31. morphological motivation A. laconic meaning “brief” or “short”( ) 32. associated transfer B. the foot of the mountain( ) 33. borrowing C. squeak/hiss( ) 34. etymological motivation D. You should address your remarks to the chair. ( ) 35. notional words E. charm/glamour( ) 36. abstract to concrete F. black market/greenhorn5( ) 37. semantic motivation G. occupation/walk of life( ) 38. figurative use H. fire/flame/conflagration( ) 39. regional English I. This teaching assistant is an efficient help.( ) 40. onomatopoeic motivation J. cloud/yellowIII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)41. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or ________ of sounds which are made voluntarily with human vocal equipment.42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, ________ and borrowing.43. The ________ is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.44. Suffixation generally changes the grammatical function or word ________ of stems of words.45. ________ indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.46. Relative synonyms or ________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality.47. There are generally ________ major factors that cause changes in meaning.48. Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called ________ or non-linguistic context.49. Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent ________.50. Three good general dictionaries are LDCE, CCELD and ________.IV. Define the following terms. (10%)51. bound root52. prefixation53. pejoration34. homophone655. grammatical contextV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56. What are the types of morphemes?57. What is conceptual meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point.58. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the changes in word meaning. State your reason with one example.Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.59. What is semantic unity of idioms? Explain it with one example.VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)60. Comment on the following 2 groups of words or sentences to illustrate the semantic features and grammatical features of compounds.Group 1: “red meat/hot dog”Group 2: “He bad-mouthed me. / major generals”61. Analyze and comment on the following two pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates:[a]Trees surround the water near our summer place.[b]Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin.[a]I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.[b]I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley.7。

英语词汇学自考题-19(总分：100。

00,做题时间：90分钟）一、{{B}｝Ⅰ.{｛/B}}(总题数：39,分数:39。

00)1。

The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East， and______。

•A. India•B. the Far East•C. the West Asia•D。

America（分数：1。

00）A. √B.C.D.解析：［解析］印欧语系由欧洲、近东和印度的大多数语言组成。

答案为A。

2。

It is assumed that the world has approximately 3000 (some put it 5000) languages, which can be grouped into roughly ______ language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.•A. 500•B. 4000•C。

300•D. 2000（分数：1。

00）A。

B.C. √D.解析：［解析] It is assumed that the world has approximately 3000(some put it 5000)languages, which can be grouped into roughly 300 language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar。

据估计，世界上约有3000多种（有人认为有5000种)语言。

这些语言可以根据他们的基本词汇和语法的相似性大致划为300个谱系。

英语词汇学2019年4月真题2019年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学(课程代码：00832)注意事项：1.本试卷分为两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题。

2.应考者必须按试题顺序在答题卡（纸）指定位置上作答，答在试卷上无效。

3.涂写部分、画图部分必须使用2B铅笔，书写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔。

第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.You are to make the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. （1%×30=30%）1.Which of the following CANNOT be defined as a word?A. forB. fortuneC. misD. misfortune2.Words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use are .A. slangB. argotC. neologismsD. archaisms3. Words like foot or dog can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes, e.g. footage and dogfight. This shows that the basic word stock hasthe characteristics of .A. productivityB. polysemyC. collocabilityD. stability4. After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came and dominated the British Isles. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as English.A. OldB. NewC. MiddleD. Modern5.Which of the following is NOT true?A. English is more closely related to German than French.B. Old English was a highly inflected language.C. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.D. In early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.6.In the early Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and Roman classics. This is known in history as .A. IndustrializationB. Elizabethan AgeC. RenaissanceD. Victorian Age7.Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such alternative morphs are known as .A. stemsB. allomorphsC. free morphemesD. bound morphemes8.Among the following words, does NOT have inflectional affixes.A. likedB. children'sC. happierD. it's9.The basic form of a word which can't be further analyzed without total loss of identity is a .A. morphB. allomorphC. rootD. stem10.The following words have number prefixes EXCEPT .A. bilingualB. multi-purposeC. tricycleD. post-election11.The following words are the results from blending EXCEPT .A. bicycleB. motelC. smogD. hamburger12.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms is called .A. prefixationB. acronymyC. blendingD. conversion13.The of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationship with other expressions in the language.A. referenceB. conceptC. senseD. motivation14.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Collocation can affect the meaning of words.B. Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.C. By etymological motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word isrelated to its origin.D. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generallyfound in the dictionary.15.In the phrase "the tongues of fire", the word tongues is motivated.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically16.Words like dear that means a loved person and deer that means a kind of animal are called .A. synonymsB. homographsC. homophonesD. antonyms17.Which of the following deals with the relationship of semantic opposition?A. Synonymy.B. Antonymy.C. Polysemy.D. Hyponymy.18.Which of the following groups of words shows difference of synonyms in connotation?A. increase-expandB. unlike-dissimilarC. work-toilD. empty-vacant19. The word disease once meant discomfort, but now means illness. This is an example of of word-meaning.A. generalizationB. degradationC. elevationD. specialization20. The word silly used to mean happy, but now means foolish. This serves as an example of of word-meaning.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation21. The associated transfer of meaning is often due to factors, as is shown in such words as angel, martyr and paradise, whose meanings are elevated because of the influence of Christianity.A. classB. scientificC. historicalD. psychological22.Grammatical context refers to the context where the meanings of a word may be influenced by the in which it occurs.A. meaning groupB. structureC. conversationD. culture23.That trade union means differently in western countries and in China shows thatcontext has some effect on the meaning of words.A. grammaticalB. lexicalC. linguisticD. extra-linguistic24. Ambiguity often arises due to , as is shown in the sentence" He is a hard business.A. polysemyB. synonymyC. antonymyD. homonomy25.The idiom Jack of all trades means the same as Jack of all trades and master of none. This example shows idioms may vary by means of .A. shorteningB. additionC. replacementD. position-shifting26.The noun phrase pepper and salt in "His hair is pepper and salt" functions as an idiom in nature.A. nominalB. verbalC. adverbialD. adjectival27. The rhetorical feature of idioms, , is used in such idioms as "chop and change", "bag and baggage".A. rhymeB. alliterationC. reiterationD. juxtaposition28. Dictionaries that are medium-sized ones containing words ranging from 50,000 to 150,000 are .A. unabridged dictionariesB. desk dictionariesC. pocket dictionariesD. specialized dictionaries29.The definitions in are all in full sentences and the definition itself throws light on the grammatical use of the word in question.A. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987)B. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, New Edition (1987)C. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980)D. Webster's New World Dictionary, 2rd Collage Edition (1980)30.One can only find the English equivalents for its Chinese items such as 黄梁美梦，吃软不吃硬in ./doc/2f9900260.html,ELDB.CEDC.LDCED.NECD第二部分非选择题Ⅱ. Complete the following statements with proper words according to the course book. You are to fill each blank with ONE appropriate word on the ANSWER SHEET.(1.5%×10=15%)31.A word is a that stands for something else in the world, and there is no logical relationship between the sound and ne meaning.32.The introduction of into England marked the beginning of Modern English period.33.The morpheme is the functioning unit in the composition of words.34.To shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead is called .35. , which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.36.A field is a meaning area where words share the same concept.37. Extension of meaning is found in many terms, as is shown in the word feedback, which originally is a term in computer science, but now is generalized to mean "response".38. The word paper has a number of meanings in the dictionary, but it means differently in "a white paper" and "todays paper". This example shows thatcontext affects the meaning of word.39. Many idioms are grammatically , as is shown in the idiom "diamond cut diamond", which is grammatically incorrect.40.The main body of a dictionary is its of words.Ⅲ.Define the following terms on the ANSWER SHEET. (3%×5=15%)41.semantic change42.affixation43.concatenation44. context (in a broad sense)45. sentence idiomsⅣ.Answer the following questions on the ANSWER SHEET. Your answers should be clear and short. (5%×4=20%)46.What is the difference between a free root and a bound root?47.Give the acronyms of the following phrases:1) Voice of America2) unidentified flying object3) teaching English as a foreign language4) Victory Day5) tuberculosis48.How do you understand the statement "true synonymy is non-existent"?49.Explain how context clues are used in the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Bird Whistell".V.Analyze and comment on the following on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%×2=20%) 50. Use the following groups of phrases to illustrate the definition and the overlapping feature of collocative meaning.a) pretty girl, pretty flower handsome boy, handsome carb) pretty woman, handsome woman51. Comment on the following two groups to illustrate the use of antonyms.(a) give and take, high and low(b) More haste, less speed./Easy come, easy go.。