(新课标)高考英语二轮复习作业手册 专题限时集训25 科普知识型阅读理解(一)

科普知识类Passage 1 （2010·全国卷I·C）Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature (特征) for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.63. What is the text mainly about?A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.64. Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that_________ ．A. they look like young cuckoosB. they have claws on the wingsC. they eat a lot like a cowD. they live on river banks65．What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?A. They had claws to help them climb.B. They could fly long distances.C. They had four wings like hoatzins.D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.66．Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?A. To find more food.B. To protect themselves better.C. To keep themselves warm.D. To produce their young.63．【解析】选D。

高考英语二轮复习专项训练阅读理解(科普环保)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A team of international scientists is due to set off for the world's biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), are trying to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf calved (崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg-A68—which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission."The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change," she said. "It is important that we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water."Professor David Vaughan, science director at the BAs, said, "We need to be bold (大胆的) on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and there's lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be. He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. "Future warming may make some habitats warm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold and not the warm, those species are going to either move or die."There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, "At the current rate, the world's ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century." However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the study shows.（1）Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?A. To study how the iceberg was formed.B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.D. To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice shelf.（2）What do the underlined words "this one" in the fourth paragraph refer to?A. The Larsen C ice shelf.B. Climate change in Antarctica.C. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.D. The condition of animal species in Antarctica.（3）What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text?A. It is as big as London.B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.C. It will disappear in a very short time.D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.B. The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68 iceberg。

专题限时训练(三十七) [科普知识型阅读理解(一)](限时：25分钟)(一)DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender's face, which was revealed tonight.A first step towards genetic mugshots has been taken by researchers in the US who link specific DNA markers with face shapes. To identify the genes, they focused on known mutations(突变) that cause changes of the face and head. Normal versions of these genes were found to influence individual features. For instance, one gene affected the lips, another the shape and configuration of bones around the eyes, and a third the appearance of the mid­face and skull. In total, 20 genes had “significant effects” on facial appearance.Lead scientist Professor Mark Shriver, from the Pennsylvania State University, said, “We use DNA to match to an individual or identify an individual, but we can get so much more from DNA. Currently we can't go from DNA to a face, or from a face to DNA, but it should be possible.” The implications are far­reaching, raising the possibility of creating a data bank of facial types based on genetic markers. DNA from a crime scene could then be used to produce a rough image of the face of an offender or victim. S uch genetic mugshots may be more reliable than computer­generated “E­fits” based on witnesses' memory. Other uses of the technique might include proving the identities of fathers in paternity cases, or visualizing our remote ancestors from fossil DNA.The scientists wrote in the online journal Public Library of Science Genetics，“Such predictive modelling could be forensically useful. For example, DNA left at crime scenes could be tested and faces could be predicted in order to help to narrow the pool of potential suspects. Further, our methods could be used to predict the facial features of descendants, deceased ancestors, and even extinct human species. In addition, these methods could prove to be useful diagnostic tools.” The team developed a model which first established a range of physical face shapes from people of mixed West African and European ancestry from the US, Brazil and Cape Verde. Measurements were taken of thousands of point coordinates on grids placed over 3­D images of the faces.Statistical methods were then used to determine the relationship between facial differences and the effects of genders, ethnic ancestry and individual gene variants.1．The underlined word “mugshots” in the second paragraph most probably means “________”．A．different faces B．characteristicsC．pictures of faces D．genders2．What can be inferred from the passage?A．DNA has been used to build up a picture of an offender's face.B．It may be much easier to catch criminals with the help of DNA.C．In all, 20 genes had“significant effects”on facial appearance.D．One gene can affect more than one part of your face.3．According to Professor Mark Shriver, we know________.A．they can merely match to an individual or identify an individualB．there is a possibility of going from DNA to a faceC．DNA could be used to produce a rough image of an offender's faceD．this technology is more reliable than computer­generated “E­fits”4．What is the most possible title of the passage?A．Creating a data bank of DNAB．Recognizing the DNA of criminalsC．Predicting the locations of offences using DNAD．Building up an image of an offender's face from DNA(二)The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe's capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁堆)．Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building, which has no air conditioning and almost no heating. The building—the country's largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgate's owners saved 3.5 million on a 36 million building because air conditioning plant didn't have to be imported.The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass­roofed atrium(天井) open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through fo rty­eight brick chimneys.During summer's cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents.This is all possible only because Harare is 1,600 feet above sea level, and has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature swings—days as warm as 31℃ commonly drop to 14℃at night.“You couldn't do this in New York, with its fantastically hot summers and fantastically cold winters，”Pearce said.The engineering firm of Ove Arup&Partners monitors daily temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃， with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night. And the air is fresh—far more so than in a ir­conditioned buildings, where up to 30% of the air is recycled.5．Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building?A．It was designed in a smaller size.B．No air conditioners were fixed in.C．Its heating system was less advanced.D．It used rather different building materials.6．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3?A．Fresh air from outside. B．Heat in the building.C．A hollow space. D．A baseboard vent.7．Why would a building like Eastgate not work efficiently in New York?A．New York has less clear skies as Harare.B．Its dampness affects the circulation of air.C．New York covers a larger area than Harare.D．Its temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.8．The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgate's temperature control system________.A．allows a wide range of temperaturesB．functions well for most of the yearC．can recycle up to 30% of the airD．works better in hot seasons(三)Researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory(APL) in Howard County, Maryland have designed a new human­like robot. Its name is Roho Sally. The machine can be controlled from a distance and can be used to do work that is dangerous for human beings.Roho Sally has two long arms with human­like hands. She ca n use her fingers to pick up small objects, examine them in detail and do most things that human hands can do. Each finger contains a tiny motor, capable of squeezing 20 pounds of pinch force, enough to defuse a bomb under the direction of an operator. She sits on a metal base with wheels that let her move around, turn in tight spaces and climb over small objects.Mike McLoughlin is the main investigator for the Applied Physics Laboratory's Prosthetics Programme.“The purpose of that programme is to deve lop prosthetic arms that have all the capability of your natural arms, and you do all the complex motions that you can do with the natural arms—with the robot.”It was a difficult job. Mr McLoughlin says the device had to have many small motors to have the ability to do what a human hand does. It also needed to have human­like strength. The thumb was especially difficult because it permits the hand to hold objects. And everything had to fit into a space about the size of a human hand.The next problem, h e says, was to figure out how to control the artificial hand.“So we had to figure out how to make the connection between the brain and this arm.”For search­and­rescue duties, Roho Sally will be operated by a human being using a wireless machinethat is far from the robot. The operator will also wear special gloves and glasses. The glasses permit the operator to see the robot's hands, even though they are far away.Mr McLoughlin says this kind of robots could be used in what he calls “dull, dirty or dangerous” situations where fine human finger movements are required. He says the technology is not ready for everyday application, but he predicts that within five years we will see some wonderful improvements.9．The underlined word “defuse” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”．A．remove B．discoverC．equip D．produce10．According to Paragraph 2, which picture is Roho Sally?A．B．C． D.11．What can we learn about the prosthetic arms according to the passage?A．They are expected to function as well as natural ones.B．They have many large motors controlled by robots.C．They have human­like strength to control the robot.D．They are connected with human brains.12．Which of the following is TRUE about Robo Sally according to Mr McLoughlin?A．Its operator doesn't need any equipment.B．It has been widely used in everyday life in the USA.C．It can work in situations which are dangerous for humans.D．It has made much money for the designers.专题限时训练(三十七)【科普知识型阅读理解(一)】(一)【文章大意】本文介绍了最近的一项调查发现，未来可以通过DNA绘制人的脸，这些研究可以用于尽快地寻找嫌疑人，也可以用于识别人的父亲和祖先。

[科普知识型阅读理解(一)](限时：25分钟)(一)DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender's face, which was revealed tonight.A first step towards genetic mugshots has been taken by researchers in the US who link specific DNA markers with face shapes. To identify the genes, they focused on known mutations(突变) that cause changes of the face and head. Normal versions of these genes were found to influence individual features. For instance, one gene affected the lips, another the shape and configuration of bones around the eyes, and a third the appearance of the mid­face and skull. In total, 20 genes had “significant effects” on facial appearance.Lead scientist Professor Mark Shriver, from the Pennsylvania State University, said, “We use DNA to match to an individual or identify an individual, but we can get so much more from DNA. Currently we can't go from DNA to a face, or from a face to DNA, but it should be possible.” The implications are far­reaching, raisin g the possibility of creating a data bank of facial types based on genetic markers. DNA from a crime scene could then be used to produce a rough image of the face of an offender or victim. Such genetic mugshots may be more reliable than computer­generated “E­fits” based on witnesses' memory. Other uses of the technique might include proving the identities of fathers in paternity cases, or visualizing our remote ancestors from fossil DNA.The scientists wrote in the online journal Public Library of Science Genetics，“Such predictive modelling could be forensically useful. For example, DNA left at crime scenes could be tested and faces could be predicted in order to help to narrow the pool of potential suspects. Further, our methods could be used to predict the facial features of descendants, deceased ancestors, and even extinct human species. In addition, these methods could prove to be useful diagnostic tools.” The team developed a model which first established a range of physical face shapes from people of mixed West African and European ancestry from the US, Brazil and Cape Verde. Measurements were taken of thousands of point coordinates on grids placed over 3­D images of the faces.Statistical methods were then used to determine the relationship between facial differences and the effects of genders, ethnic ancestry and individual gene variants.1．The underlined word “mugshots” in the second paragraph most probably means “________”．A．different faces B．characteristicsC．pictures of faces D．genders2．What can be inferred from the passage?A．DNA has been used to build up a picture of an offender's face.B．It may be much easier to catch criminals with the help of DNA.C．In all, 20 genes had“significant effects”on facial appearance.D．One gene can affect more than one part of your face.3．According to Professor Mark Shriver, we know________.A．they can merely match to an individual or identify an individualB．there is a possibility of going from DNA to a faceC．DNA could be used to produce a rough image of an offender's faceD．this technology is more reliable than computer­generated “E­fits”4．What is the most possible title of the passage?A．Creating a data bank of DNAB．Recognizing the DNA of criminalsC．Predicting the locations of offences using DNAD．Building up an image of an offender's face from DNA(二)The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe's capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁堆)．Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building, which has no air conditioning and almost no heating. The building—the country's largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgate's owners saved 3.5 million on a 36 million building because air conditioning plant didn't have to be imported.The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass­roofed atrium(天井) open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists t hrough forty­eight brick chimneys.During summer's cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents.This is all possible only because Harare is 1,600 feet above sea level, and has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature swings—days as warm as 31℃commonly drop to 14℃at night.“You couldn't do this in New York, with its fantastically hot summers and fantastically cold winters，”Pearce said.The engineering firm of Ove Arup&Partners monitors daily temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃，with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night. And the air is fresh—far mor e so than in air­conditioned buildings, where up to 30% of the air is recycled.5．Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building?A．It was designed in a smaller size.B．No air conditioners were fixed in.C．Its heating system was less advanced.D．It used rather different building materials.6．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3?A．Fresh air from outside. B．Heat in the building.C．A hollow space. D．A baseboard vent.7．Why would a building like Eastgate not work efficiently in New York?A．New York has less clear skies as Harare.B．Its dampness affects the circulation of air.C．New York covers a larger area than Harare.D．Its temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.8．The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgate's temperature control system________.A．allows a wide range of temperaturesB．functions well for most of the yearC．can recycle up to 30% of the airD．works better in hot seasons(三)Researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory(APL) in Howard County, Maryland have designed a new human­like robot. Its name is Roho Sally. The machine can be controlled from a distance and can be used to do work that is dangerous for human beings.Roho Sally has two long arms with human­like hands. She can use her fingers to pick up small objects, examine them in detail and do most things that human hands can do. Each finger contains a tiny motor, capable of squeezing 20 pounds of pinch force, enough to defuse a bomb under the direction of an operator. She sits on a metal base with wheels that let her move around, turn in tight spaces and climb over small objects.Mike McLoughlin is the main investigator for the Applied Physics Laboratory's Prosthetics Programme.“The purpose of that progra mme is to develop prosthetic arms that have all the capability of your natural arms, and you do all the complex motions that you can do with the natural arms—with the robot.”It was a difficult job. Mr McLoughlin says the device had to have many small motors to have the ability to do what a human hand does. It also needed to have human­like strength. The thumb was especially difficult because it permits the hand to hold objects. And everything had to fit into a space about the size of a human hand.The next problem, he says, was to figure out how to control the artificial hand.“So we had to figure out how to make the connection between the brain and this arm.”For search­and­rescue duties, Roho Sally will be operated by a human being using a wireless machine that is far from the robot. The operator will also wear special gloves and glasses. The glasses permit the operator to see the robot's hands, even though they are far away.Mr McLoughlin says this kind of robots could be used in what he calls “dull, dirty or dangerous” situations where fine human finger movements are required. He says the technology is not ready for everyday application, but he predicts that within five years we will see some wonderful improvements.9．The underlined word “defuse” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”．A．remove B．discoverC．equip D．produce10．According to Paragraph 2, which picture is Roho Sally?A．B．C． D.11．What can we learn about the prosthetic arms according to the passage? A．They are expected to function as well as natural ones.B．They have many large motors controlled by robots.C．They have human­like strength to control the robot.D．They are connected with human brains.12．Which of the following is TRUE about Robo Sally according to Mr McLoughlin? A．Its operator doesn't need any equipment.B．It has been widely used in everyday life in the USA.C．It can work in situations which are dangerous for humans.D．It has made much money for the designers.专题限时训练(三十七)【科普知识型阅读理解(一)】(一)【文章大意】本文介绍了最近的一项调查发现，未来可以通过DNA绘制人的脸，这些研究可以用于尽快地寻找嫌疑人，也可以用于识别人的父亲和祖先。

专题限时训练(二十一) [史地自然型阅读理解(一)](限时：25分钟)(一)The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.For thousands of years，Polynesian people lived in the remote island of Nauru，far from western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island.However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.The whaling ships and other traders began to visit，bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A ten­year civil war started，which reduced the population from 1，400 to 900.Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐)on the island.In fact，it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate，which was a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began mining the phosphate.A phosphate mine was not a hole in the ground；it was a strip mine.When a company strip­mined，it removed the top layer of soil.Then it took away the material it wanted.Strip mining totally destroyed the land.Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.In 1968，Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000，Nauru was financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately$433，600，000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.1．What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?A．To seek help for Nauru's problems.B．To give a warning to other countries.C．To show the importance of money.D．To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.2．What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?A．Rich and powerful.B．Modern and open.C．Peaceful and attractive.D．Greedy and aggressive.3．The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from________．A．soil pollutionB．phosphate overminingC．farming activityD．whale hunting4．What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?A．The ecological damage is difficult to repair.B．The leaders will take the experts' words seriously.C．The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.D．The phosphate mines were destroyed.(二)Squirrels often communicate with whistles, chirps and chucks, which sound like the word “chuck”. Whistles and chirps are like the sounds that many birds make.Now scientists have translated some of their squirrel­speak.Hare, a professor of zoology at the University of Maniloha in Winnipeg, and his team managed to record squirrels' alarm calls.The researchers studied the sounds and then played them back to 60 wild squirrels, which the scientists approached individually with a video recorder to capture(抓拍)their responses.Some squirrels lifted their heads up and became alert(警惕的)．Creatures that were more frightened simply ran for their lives and dived into caves.“In effect then, whistles that mix with chucks say ‘there's an enemy of average threat that's here’，and whistles without chucks say ‘there's an enemy of seemingly average threat around here somewhere’，while pure chirps say, ‘I'm hiding here because there's an immediate danger.’” Hare told.Hare and some other researchers believe such sounds are part of an advanced language that develops just as all other communication systems.Although squirrels risk their lives when they call out to warn others of threats, other squirrels might admire this behaviour, thus increasingly the caller's social status, like humans who look up to heroes. Hare added that other animals, such as birds, probably understand at least some squirrel language, since they also may benefit from the alarm calls.In fact, another Canadian study found that deep­voiced, black­capped ch ickadees have their own language, too.According to certain research, there are a lot of tidings in chickadees' calls, such as directing fellows' activities, keeping in contact between mates, and raising alarms.While chickadees and other birds are often welcomed into gardens by homeowners, squirrels are frequently viewed as pests(害兽). Hare wishes a greater understanding of the complex social lives and communication systems of squirrels will provide “hope that humans will gain a greater appreciation and stop doing harm to these animals”．1．The text mainly talks about ________．A．the study on the language of squirrelsB．the comparison between squirrels and chickadeesC．the calling for the protection of squirrelsD．the ways for squirrels to escape from their enemies2．If a squirrel is in a very dangerous situation, it would probably make ________．A．whistles with chucksB．pure chirpsC．whistles without chucksD．repeated chucks3．The underlined word “tidings” in Paragraph 6 probably means “________”．A．difficulties B．poisesC．messages D．languages4．What can be learned from this text?A．Squirrels communicate with each other as humans do.B．Some squirrels understand the recorded alarm calls.C．Other animals also well understand the language of squirrels.D．Birds such as chickadees don't have their own language.(三)It's only 4 hours flying time from Sydney, but a world away. What better place to rest than a country where the only place people hurry is on the football field and things are done in “Fiji time”？Viti Levu is the largest island. Here you'll find the capital Suva and the international airport at Nadi. Vatoa, on the other hand, is a tiny island in the farthest part of Fiji. Then there are 331 other islands, many of them with places to stay.With less than a million people living on islands, you'll never feel crowded. And with a climate that changes only for five degrees between seasons, there's never a bad time to come.From cities to villages, from mountains to beaches, from water sports to wooden artworks, Fiji can give you more adventures and special experiences than you could find almost anywhere in the world.Whenever you come, wherever you go，you're sure to see some unforgettable events，from war dances to religious (宗教的) songs, from market days to religious days. It's not just staged for tourists; it's still a part of everyday life in Fiji. And any one of us can enjoy Fiji's spirit by being part of the traditional (传统的) sharing of yaqona—a drink made from the root of a Fiji plant.So why not join us for the experience of a lifetime?1．Where is the international airport of Fiji?A．In Suva.B．In Sydney.C．On the island of Vatoa.D．On the island of Viti Levu.2．What does the text tell us about Fijian people?A．They invented “Fiji time” for visitors.B．They stick to a traditional way of life.C．They like to travel from place to place.D．They love taking adventures abroad.3．One of the things that make Fiji a tourist attraction is ________．A．its comfortable hotelsB．its good weather all year roundC．its exciting football matchesD．its religious beliefs4．Where can we most probably read this text?A．In a personal diary.B．In a science report.C．In a travel magazine.D．In a geography textbook.专题限时训练(二十一)(一)【要点综述】文章主要讲述了太平洋岛国瑙鲁如何从一个环境优美的天堂岛变成一个生态失衡、满目疮痍的小岛。

考点分类练(一) 细节理解题(1)(限时:25分钟)Passage1(2023广东广州一模)Summer is ing.Are you looking for a parttime job?Here are some possible options.LifeguardAre you a strong swimmer and a good municator?Would you like a challenge?We are looking for lifeguards for our busy summer season.No experience is necessary as you will get two weeks of training before you start the job.As well as being physically fit,you need to be available for work from Monday to Friday,711 a.m.StoreassistantWe are looking for store assistants for our busy gift store.Applicants need to be reliable,friendly,and enjoy speaking to customers.A second language is preferred as many of our customers are tourists from other countries.The positions are parttime and you need to work from Thursday to Sunday,10 a.m.4 p.m.FashiondesignerAre you interested in the latest styles?Are you creative and good at art?Ifso,Dresswise is looking for a young person to create new looks for our teen department.This is a great opportunity to gain experience in the clothingindustry.You will need to work four days a week and we’ll pay you for each design we use.We’ll also give you samples of your designs to wear.GametesterAre you into technology and creative?Would you like to play and test educational games and get paid for it?This is an exciting parttime job for somebody who loves playing games.We offer flexible hours.If this is for you,write a description of your favorite game and why you like it in no more than 150 words.If you are interested in any of the above jobs,please contact us at studentunion @campus .1.Whatisasharedrequirementforthelifeguardandstoreassistant?A municative ability.B.A second language.C.Professional experience.D.A strong body.2.Whichjobcanyouapplyforifyoucanonlyworkonweekends?A.Lifeguard.B.Store assistant.C.Fashion designer.D.Game tester.3.Whatcanyougetfromthejobasafashiondesigner?A.Samples of the latest styles.B.Payment for each of your designs.C.Experience in the fashion industry.D.Chances to design clothes for adults.Passage2(2023福建泉州三模)Students at Summit Elementary School in Butler,Pennsylvania are growing more than their minds.Under the guidance of their teacher Angela Eyth,they’ve created a productive garden.“The kids are in charge of everything,” Eyth says.Eyth and her students launched the gardening project in 2020 after the teacher attended a conference on how to include lessons about farming in the classroom.Then came the garden.With 16 acres of school districtowned land around theirbuilding,there was plenty of room.The project is now two years old,and goes beyond planting and growing:Eyth and her fellow educators structure lessons in science,math and more around their garden.“When we grew cabbages my students noticed something was eating the leaves,”Eyth recalls.“This led to an investigation on figuring out what was eating it and how to stop it:the kids analyzed the evidence they found and acted as engineers in creating ways to keep insects out of the cabbage beds.In the 4th grade,we let the students outside to estimate the number of bean pods (豆荚) they find.” Eyth continues,“People think gardening should be separate from core subjects but it’sfar from the truth.The kids’ curiosity keeps it rolling.”The kids also keep the produce rolling—So much so that with a $70,000 donation from Remake Learning/Grable Foundation,they’re using that money to build agreenhouse at their school.The funds help them launch an outdoor classroom and open a farm standing at Broad Street that brings fresh fruits,vegetables,herbs and more to an area of their munity where affordable fresh produce is hard to find there.Such areas are often called“food deserts.”“Our students discover the value of sharing their harvest with the munity surrounding nearby Broad Street Elementary School,” says Eyth.“They’re so proud of what we’re doing here.”4.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.To prepare students for career planning.B.To seek new ways of vegetable growing.C.To allow students to learn by gardening.D.To encourage students to get close to nature.5.Whatdotheteachersdowiththeprojectatpresent?A.Expand the farming land.B.Integrate relevant subjects.C.Investigate insects’ activities.D.Estimate the number of vegetables.6.Whatcanweknowabouttheproject?A.It was launched by the school board.B.Its experience was introduced at a conference.C.It built a greenhouse in the “food desert” areas.D.Its produce benefits the munity around.7.What do the students think of the project?A.It is tiresome.B.It requires creativity.C.It is rewarding.D.It needs more donations.Passage3(2023陕西西安二模)Childhood obesity(肥胖) isn’t only caused by over eating.A lot of environmental and lifestyle variables—such as skipping breakfast,irregular sleeping patterns and less sleep time—also contribute towards this disturbing trend,says a new study.According to the study conducted by University College London’sresearchers,children who skip breakfast and sleep less are more likely to have bigger appetites and tend to consume more energyrich foods throughout the day,leading to excessive weight gain.The team also found that smoking habit of mothers during pregnancy(怀孕) is also one of the contributory factors for a child being overweight.Interestingly,these results challenge the conventional belief that overeating is the main cause of increasing obesity rates among children.In addition,factors like watching too much television,consuming sugary drinks,eating fruits and introducing solid food sooner don’t certainly lead to childhood obesity.The researchers used data from a multidisciplinary research project that tracks the lives of children from 19,244 families across the UK,born from September 2020 to January,2021.After analyzing the data,they found that in the UK,83.3% of new babies had nonoverweight and stable BMI(身体质量指数).Only 1% had a mildly increasingBMI,while another 2.5% tended to have a sharply increasing BMI.However,due to poor lifestyle choices and environmental factors,6% of the children were already overweight when they were three years old.The study authors concluded that modifying(更改) a child’s environment early in life can go a long way in reducing their chances of gaining abnormal weight,which can also affect their health in later years.The researchers remended that dealing with the childhood obesity calls for a mixture of preventive actions,for example,creating awareness among the families around the benefits of a healthy lifestyle and also instructing and supporting parents throughout the pregnancy,and even before and after it.8.What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A.The effect of childhood obesity.B.The irregular lifestyle of children.C.The new trend of social development.D.The causes of children being overweight.9.Whatdopeopleusuallythinkleadstochildhoodobesity?A.Sleeping less and skipping breakfast.B.Watching too much TV and playing games.C.Smoking and introducing solid food sooner.D.Consuming too much food and sugary drinks.10.WhatcanweknowfromthedataoftheresearchintheUK?A.The obesity rates among children were not high.B.Most of the children didn’t get ener gyrich foods.C.The irregular lifestyle had little effect on children.D.The study result was beyond researchers’ expectation.11.What suggestion do the researchers offer parents?A.Improving the living environment.B.Protecting children from any harm.C.Increasing their physical activity.D.Raising awareness of healthy lifestyle.答案：Passage1[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。

专题限时训练(二十九) [科普知识型阅读理解(一)](限时：每篇7分钟)(一)How you end a computer session depends on how you use the computer, your views on energy conservation (能源的节约), and what you have been told about how your decision will affect your inves tment’s longevity: will frequent starting and stopping cause its circuits(电路) to burn out sooner?Rest easy, your computer is more likely to be damaged by a virus picked up from the Internet than by being turned off and on too much. They are also energy­efficient: such efficiency has reached the point where most computers place themselves in sleep mode if they remain idle (闲置的) for a certain period of time. So your computer will likely slip into sleep mode anyway, even if you leave it on overnight.Sleep mode itself, once a pretty unreliable option—you never knew if you would be able to wake your computer without having to reboot (重新启动) it—has been vastly improved with newer operating systems. If you want your computer to consume as little energy as possible when not in use, shut it down. If you want it to consume zero energy, you’re going to have to unplug (拔去……的电源插头) it.Your computer can be in only three states: on, sleep or off—each of which draws some level of electric current.A computer that is “on” will either be actively processing information or sitting idle, depending on whether the user is typing a document, reading an e­mail or has stepped away briefly. The amount of wattage (瓦特数) drawn when the computer is on varies greatly depending on whether it is a laptop or a desktop computer. The latter uses more energy because desktop power supplies are less efficient and require a separate and often larger, power­hungry monitor. It also varies based on the type of work being done: complex calcu lations requiring intensive processing are more power­hungry, whereas writing or Web browsing consumes far less electricity.( )1.If sleep mode goes wrong, what will probably happen to your computer?A．It will consume as little energy as possible.B．It is more likely to be damaged by a virus picked up from the Internet.C．It will have to be rebooted when used again.D．It has to be shut down and unplugged.D. whether the computer systems are new.( )3. When does a computer consume the most energy?B．a desktop computer is larger than a laptop computer in sizeC．a desktop computer performs more kinds of work than a laptop computer D．a desktop computer is not energy­efficient( )5.Which of the following is implied in the first two paragraphs?A．Frequent starting and stopping can damage a computer.B．A computer’s longevity depends more on the prope r way you use it.C．A virus picked up from the Internet is likely to damage a computer.D．The more often you use a computer, the more smoothly it works.(二)When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy­efficient car, they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks. But it was the boxfish (盒子鱼)that interested them.“We were surprised when this clumsy­looking fish became our model for designing an aerodynamic (空气动力学的)car”，says Thomas Weber. He is the research and development chief for the car company Daimler. An aerodynamic design reduces wind drag and increases fuel efficiency.The boxfish may look clumsy, but it can start, stop，back up and zigzag (曲折前进)through the water with ease. And it does all this using surprisingly little energy. Daimler’s bionic (仿生学的)car is modeled on the fish’s boxy skeletal (骨骼的) system. Like the fish, the car is fast and drives easily. It’s efficient too.The science behind nature­inspired inventions is called biomimicry (生物仿生). Biologist Janine Benyus came up with the term. As co­founder of the Biomimicry Guild, she has worked with cereal companies，sneaker designers and others to develop products based on Nature’s best ideas.This month，the Nature’s 100 Best List will be reve aled at the World Conservation Congress (代表大会)in Barcelona，Spain. Benyus co­authored the list of nature­inspired designs with economist Gunter Pauli.In Zimbabwe， a country in southern Africa，engineers designed energy­efficient buildings modeled on termi te (白蚁)mounds (土堆). The buildings use vents (孔) to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool.A company in Atlanta，US，developed a self­cleaning paint modeled on the lotus (荷花)leaf. When the paint dries，it becomes bumpy (不平的)，just like the lotus leaf. Rain drops form on the bumps and roll off，carrying dirt along with them.Nature has done billions of years of research. Only the best­designed products have survived. Companies owe Mother Nature a debt for all that hard work，says Benyus.For scientists and inventors, the possibilities for copying nature are limitless. Technology may never be as efficient as nature, or as colorful. But that doesn’t mean we should stop trying to learn from the world around us. Take a walk outside. Watch a squirrel climb up a tree. Look closely at the veins (纹理)of a leaf. Hear the birds chirping in the trees. Such small details may help solve big problems in the future.( )6.Which is TRUE according to the passage?A．In America a self­cleaning paint was modeled on the lotus flower.B．Zimbabwe engineers learned from termites to create highly advanced heating systems.C．After the boxfish，many other ideas of new products are borrowed from nature.D．Nature is a good source to turn to for improving technology.( )7.The clumsy­looking boxfish interes ted the scientists because of the following reasons EXCEPT that________.A．it swims using little energyB．being boxy, it looks quite like a carC．some engineers had researched on how to swim easily in the water D．it is a speedy swimmer( )8.Why did top engineers in Germany go to the natural history museum?A．They wanted to pay a visit to the animals there because they were so lovely.B．They wanted to carry out a research of boxfish and dolphins.C．They wanted to search for a model to base on for building a more­efficient car.D．They wanted to study the science of survival.( )9.We can infer all of the following from the passage EXCEPT ________.A．it is believed that the creation of the airplane might have originated from the bird flying in the skyB．the atmosphere on the earth cannot be transferred into the original idea C．dolphins and sharks may become the source of scientists，inventions or creationsD．if you observe and explore nature，you may make great discoveries or become great inventors( )10.What’s the main idea of the passage?A．How Daimler’s bionic car came into being.B．Nature has inspired a lot of inventions and will continue to.C．Scientists and inventors’ contribution to modern industr y comes from nature.D．The Nature’s 100 Best List.(三)If cars had wings，they could fly and that just might happen, beginning in 2012.The company Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its car­plane, the Transition, to c ustomers by the end of 2012.“It’s the next ‘wow’ vehicle，”said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh.“Anybody can buy a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris don’t fly.”The car plane has wings that unfold for flying—a process the company says takes one minute—and fold back up for driving. A runway is still required to take off and land.The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies, although it is both. The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations, and with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meetvehicle safety regulations.The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly. They say it saves you the trouble from trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then you’re good to go. When you land, you fold up the wings and hit the road. There are no expensive parking fees because you don’t have to store it at an airport—you park it in the garage at home.The car­plane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers. Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under bad weather instead of flying into marginal(临界)conditions.The Transition’s price tag: $194,000. But there may be additional charges for options like a radio, transponder or GPS. Another option is a full­plane parachute.“If y ou get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option，” Gersh said.So far, the company has more than 70 orders with deposits. “We’re working very closely with them, but there are still some remaining steps，” Brown said.( )11.We can learn from the first paragraph that________.A．car­planes will be popular in 2012B．people might drive a car­plane in 2012C．both Transition and Ferrari can take off and landD．Richard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts( )12.It takes the car­plane o ne minute to________.A．fold and unfold its wingsB．unfold wings for flyingC．land in the airportD．meet flying safety regulations( )13.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A．The car­plane needs a runw ay to take off and land.B．To meet aircraft regulations, the company has been working with FAA.C．The car­plane may fly as high as normal planes.D．People can park the car­plane in the garage at their home.( )14.The underlined word “it” in the last but o ne paragraph refers to________.A．the radioB．the transponderC．the GPSD．the full­plane parachute( )15.What’s the best title for the passage?A．Cars With Wings May Be Just Around The CornerB．Which To Choose: A Ferrari Or A Car­Plane?C．A More Convenient And Cheaper Way To FlyD．Cars With Wings Can Fly As Fast As Plane专题限时训练(二十九)(一)1．C 细节理解题。

科普知识类Passage 1 (2012·安徽·D)In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Although all kites have a similar structure (结构), they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitors use their kites to attack and bring down their opponents’(对手) kites or cut their strings(线).For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kite Factory has been giving kite-making and kite-flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite factory in 1980. Their kites are made of nylon(尼龙).Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite.The kite that is used to give lessons is a regular diamond kite with a rainbow pattern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the controls are given to the students. Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!【文章大意】本文是关于在the Big Wind Kite Factory里,通过学习风筝设计、风筝制作、风筝放飞等,孩子们得到的乐趣。

专题限时训练(二十九) [科普知识型阅读理解(一)] (限时：每篇7分钟)(一)How you end a computer session depends on how you use the computer, your views on energy conservation (能源的节约), and what you have been told about how your decision will affect your investment’s longevity: will fre quent starting and stopping cause its circuits(电路) to burn out sooner?Rest easy, your computer is more likely to be damaged by a virus picked up from the Internet than by being turned off and on too much. They are also energy­efficient: such efficiency ha s reached the point where most computers place themselves in sleep mode if they remain idle (闲置的) for a certain period of time. So your computer will likely slip into sleep mode anyway, even if you leave it on overnight.Sleep mode itself, once a pretty unreliable option—you never knew if you would be able to wake your computer without having to reboot (重新启动) it—has been vastly improved with newer operating systems. If you want your computer to consume as little energy as possible when not in use, shut it down. If you want it to consume zero energy, you’re going to have to unplug (拔去……的电源插头) it.Your computer can be in only three states: on, sleep or off—each of which draws some level of electric current.A computer that is “on” will either be actively processing information or sitting idle, depending on whether the user is typing a document, reading an e­mail or has stepped away briefly. The amount of wattage (瓦特数) drawn when the computer is on varies greatly depending on whether it is a laptop or a desktop computer. The latter usesmore energy because desktop power supplies are less efficient and require a separate and often larger, power­hungry monitor. It also varies based on the type of work being done: complex calculations requiring intensive processing are more power­hungry, whereas writing or Web browsing consumes far less electricity.( )1.If sleep mode goes wrong, what will probably happen to your computer?A．It will consume as little energy as possible.B．It is more likely to be damaged by a virus picked up from the Internet.C．It will have to be rebooted when used again.D．It has to be shut down and unplugged.D. whether the computer systems are new.( )3. When does a computer consume the most energy?B．a desktop computer is larger than a laptop computer in sizeC．a desktop computer performs more kinds of work than a laptop computer D．a desktop computer is not energy­efficient( )5.Which of the following is implied in the first two paragraphs?A．Frequent starting and stopping can damage a computer.B．A computer’s longevity depends more on the proper way you use it.C．A virus picked up from the Internet is likely to damage a computer.D．The more often you use a computer, the more smoothly it works.(二)When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy­efficient car, they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks. But it was the boxfish (盒子鱼)that interested them.“We were surprised when this clumsy­looking fish became our model for designing an aerodynamic (空气动力学的)car”，says Thomas Weber. He is the research and development chief for the car company Daimler. An aerodynamic design reduces wind drag and increases fuel efficiency.The boxfish may look clumsy, but it can start, stop，back up and zigzag (曲折前进)through the water with ease. And it does all this using surprisingly little energy. Daimler’s bionic (仿生学的)car is modeled on the fish’s boxy skeletal (骨骼的) system. Like the fish, the car is fast and drives easily. It’s efficient too.The science behind nature­inspired inventions is called biomimicry (生物仿生). Biologist Janine Benyus came up with the term. As co­founder of the Biomimicry Guild, she has worked with cereal companies，sneaker designers and others to develop products based on Nature’s best ideas.This month，the Nature’s 100 Best List will be revealed at the World Conservation Congress (代表大会)in Barcelona，Spain. Benyus co­authored the list of nature­inspired designs with economist Gunter Pauli.In Zimbabwe，a country in southern Africa，engineers designed energy­efficient buildings modeled on termite (白蚁)mounds (土堆). The buildings use vents (孔) to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool.A company in Atlanta，US，developed a self­cleaning paint modeled on the lotus (荷花)leaf. When the paint dries，it becomes bumpy (不平的)，just like the lotus leaf. Rain drops form on the bumps and roll off，carrying dirt along with them.Nature has done billions of years of research. Only the best­designed products have survived. Companies owe Mother Nature a debt for all that hard work，says Benyus.For scientists and inventors, the possibilities for copying nature are limitless. Technology may never be as efficient as nature, or as colorful. But that doesn’t mean we should stop trying to learn from the world around us. Take a walk outside. Watch a squirrel climb up a tree. Look closely at the veins (纹理)of a leaf. Hear the birds chirping in the trees. Such small details may help solve big problems in the future.( )6.Which is TRUE according to the passage?A．In America a self­cleaning paint was modeled on the lotus flower.B．Zimbabwe engineers learned from termites to create highly advanced heating systems.C．After the boxfish，many other ideas of new products are borrowed from nature.D．Nature is a good source to turn to for improving technology.( )7.The clumsy­looking boxfish interested the scientists because of the following reasons EXCEPT that________.A．it swims using little energyB．being boxy, it looks quite like a carC．some engineers had researched on how to swim easily in the water D．it is a speedy swimmer( )8.Why did top engineers in Germany go to the natural history museum?A．They wanted to pay a visit to the animals there because they were so lovely.B．They wanted to carry out a research of boxfish and dolphins.C．They wanted to search for a model to base on for building amore­efficient car.D．They wanted to study the science of survival.( )9.We can infer all of the following from the passage EXCEPT ________.A．it is believed that the creation of the airplane might have originated from the bird flying in the skyB．the atmosphere on the earth cannot be transferred into the original ideaC．dolphins and sharks may become the source of scientists，inventions or creationsD．if you observe and explore nature，you may make great discoveries or become great inventors( )10.What’s the main idea of the passage?A．How Daimler’s bionic car came into being.B．Nature has inspired a lot of inventions and will continue to.C．Scientists and inventors’ contribution to modern industry comes from nature.D．The Nature’s 100 Best List.(三)If cars had wings，they could fly and that just might happen, beginning in 2020;2020.The company Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its car­plane, the Transition, to customers by the end of 2020;2020.“It’s the next ‘wow’ vehicle，”said Terrafugia vice presidentRichard Gersh.“Anybody can buy a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris don’t fly.”The car plane has wings that unfold for flying—a process the company says takes one minute—and fold back up for driving. A runway is still required to take off and land.The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies, although it is both. The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations, and with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations.The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly. They say it saves you the trouble from trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then you’re good to go. When you land, you fold up the wings and hit the road. There are no expensive parking fees because you don’t have to store it at an airport—you park it in the garage at home.The car­plane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet. It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers. Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under bad weather instead of flying into marginal(临界)conditions.The Transition’s price tag: $194,000. But there may be additional charges for options like a radio, transponder or GPS. Another option is a full­plane parachute.“If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option，” Gersh said.So far, the company has more than 70 orders with deposits. “We’re working very closely with them, but there are still some remaining steps，”Brown said.( )11.We can learn from the first paragraph that________.A．car­planes will be popular in 2020;2020B．people might drive a car­plane in 2020;2020C．both Transition and Ferrari can take off and landD．Richard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts( )12.It takes the car­plane one minute to________.A．fold and unfold its wingsB．unfold wings for flyingC．land in the airportD．meet flying safety regulations( )13.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A．The car­plane needs a runway to take off and land.B．To meet aircraft regulations, the company has been working with FAA.C．The car­plane may fly as high as normal planes.D．People can park the car­plane in the garage at their home.( )14.The underlined word “it” in the last but one paragraph refers to________.A．the radioB．the transponderC．the GPSD．the full­plane parachute( )15.What’s the best title for the passage?A．Cars With Wings May Be Just Around The CornerB．Which To Choose: A Ferrari Or A Car­Plane?C．A More Convenient And Cheaper Way To FlyD．Cars With Wings Can Fly As Fast As Plane专题限时训练(二十九)(一)1．C 细节理解题。

专题限时训练(二十六) [科普知识型阅读理解(二)](限时：25分钟)(一)Studying volcanoes is a demanding profession. Hazel Rymer frequently has to struggle through rainforests, climb to the top of mountains, then climb 200 metres into the crater of active volcanoes. But the 38­year­old volcanologist does her best to make it sound less alarming than it is. “Driving to work is more risky，” she insists. “And the deepest I go into the crater of a volcano is about 300 metres，” she adds, trying to make it all sound as ordinary as taking the dog for a walk.Hazel has been studying volcanoes for a long time, so it's not surprising that she is used to the danger. Her interest in volcanoes began at school. A teacher gave her a book about Pompeii. “I remember reading about the eruption of Vesuvius and the destruction of the city，” she explains. “The thought of all those people just frozen in time had quite an effect on me and I am still excited by their dangerous beauty today.”Nowadays, volcanoes are getting more and more unpredictable. There have been many changes in sea level caused by global warming and melting ice caps. These have resulted in some dormant volcanoes erupting, so studying them is more dangerous than ever before. Hazel says that although she doesn't take any unnecessary risk, she has had some frightening moments. Her worst experience was on the slopes of Mount Etna in Sicily, when she was slowly surrounded by lava. “I had a choice of walking ten hours to get around the lava flow or just walking across it，” she explains. She chose to pick a path across the cooler rocks in the lava stream. “I guess it was five metres. The flow was 1，000℃， so if you hesitated your boots would begin to melt. It was scary, but it really was a practical decision—there wasn't time to do anything else.”And what about the future? “I haven't been to the volcanoes in Indonesia yet. And I would love to spend some time working in the Antarctic，” she says. “I would also like to know why quiet lava flows erupt from some volcanoes and why other volcanoes go bang.” In other words, Hazel Rymer won't be exchanging her volcanoes for the relative safety of Driving to work just yet.1. Hazel's claim that “Driving to work is more risky” than exploring volcanoes shows that ________.A. people have exaggerated the dangers of volcanoes in the pastB. Hazel does not really understand the dangerous situations she puts herself inC. there are many bad drivers in the place where Hazel livesD. Hazel is being modest and understating the dangers she faces2. When did Hazel first become interested in volcanoes?A. When she was visiting Italy.B. When she was at school.C. When she was twenty.D. When she saw Vesuvius.3. The underlined word “These” (Paragraph 3) refers to ________.A. melting ice­capsB. volcanic eruptionsC. changes in sea levelD. higher temperatures4. When Hazel was on Mount Etna she had to ________.A. take a dangerous routeB. take an unnecessary riskC. leave her boots behindD. walk for ten hours around the mountain5．In the future, Hazel wants to ________.A. revisit volcanoes she knowsB. go on holiday to the AntarcticC. find a less dangerous jobD. discover new things about volcanoes(二)Europe's deadly outbreak of a rare form of E．coli(大肠杆菌) bacteria has brought new attention to food safety issues. E．coli bacteria naturally live in the intestines(肠) of humans and many animals. Most kinds of E．coli are harmless but some can make people sick.One of the problems when people get sick from food is that the simplest question is often difficult or even impossible to answer. Just what did the people eat that made them sick? Of course, one way to avoid such problems is to keep dangerous organisms out of the food supply. This_is_easier_said_than_done,_but scientists keep looking for new ways.Scientists in the United States have developed an experimental system that uses a high­tech optical(光学的)scanner. The inspection system is fixed in the packing houses where produce is sorted for market. The system is designed to identify the produce polluted by soil or animal waste. The new scanner can also show damage and imperfections that might make the produce unappealing to shoppers.Scientists designed the system at a Department of Agriculture research centre in Beltsville, Maryland. Moon Kim of the Agricultural Research Service led the team.MOON KIM: “We were requested, we were asked, to develop a method to test the polluted produce. So we started with the apple as the model sample.”The scanner uses a high­speed camera placed over the conveyer belt that moves the produce along. As the apples move along the belt, the scanner captures images of each piece of fruit. A spectrograph device can use the light to check an apple to show evidence of damage.Moon Kim says the team hopes the system will be avail­able before long.MOON KIM: “We are targeting for development in commercial plants for the next sev eral years.”The scanner can direct a sorting machine to separate the bad apples from the good ones. The system is currently able to show the surface of only half the apple as it speeds by. The inventors hope to improve the process so it can show the wholesurface.1. The passage mainly talks about ________．A. the danger of E．coli bacteria to healthB. the way to avoid getting sick from foodC. a system to test the polluted produceD. the new attention to food safety issues2．According to the passage, we know the new scanner ________．A. has already used in the supermarketB. is perfect to find out the polluted appleC. is still in test and need to improveD. can also damage the bacteria in the food3．What can we learn from the passage?A. Most of the E．coli is dangerous to the people's health.B. The damage in the fruit might cause it difficult to sell out.C. Now the system can take the pictures of each piece of fruit.D. The scanner is put on a moving belt while testing the produce.4. By saying “This is easier said than done” in Paragraph 2, the writer wants to ________．A. show the difficulty in finding the bad bacteria from the food supplyB. show the scientists' hardship in finding a new way to heal the diseaseC. express his/her anger to the businessmen from selling the polluted foodD. express his/her worry about the dangerous issue in today's food safety5．This passage can be classified as ________．A. an advertisementB. a book reviewC. a feature storyD. a news report(三)Clothes can make phone calls, play music, dial your pal's number, keep you warm during cold weather and operate your computer?This is not a fantasy. A British company, called Electrotextiles, has created a wide range of clothes that have minds of their own! Scientists, working for the company, have invented a kind of fabric that can be blended(混合) with flexible electronic materials to create intelligent clothing. The result are electronic garments.If you think the wearer has to be wired to different devices, think again. These designer clothes are wire­free, soft to touch and washable! Like any electronic device, these high­tech clothes have to be powered. Currently, a tiny nine­volt battery serves the purpose. But the researchers hope that in the near future the clothes will generate electricity by using body heat. “These clothes are 100 percen t shock proof，” they say.The Electrotextiles team has also created the world's first cloth keyboard. This keyboard can be sewn into your trousers or skirt. To use this device, you will have to sit down and tap on your lap! These “lap­tap” gadgets(小器具) are all set to take over laptop computers!Another useful garment is the shirt­cum­mobile phone. This_handy_inventionenables drivers to chat comfortably with others at the wheel! Other popular electronic wear include the denim(牛仔布) jacket with flexible earphones sewn into the hood(风帽) and the electronic ski jacket with a built­in heater. The ski jacket is also programmed to send signals to a satellite. This technology is known as global positioning system and can be used to track lost skiers and wandering kids.Having completed the cloth keyboard, scientists have already started to work on a new project—a necktie that can be used as a computer mouse. What is the next? Do you have any idea?1. The electronic garments are similar to other electronic devices in that ________．A. they feel smooth and softB. they use electricity as powerC. they can be washed in waterD. they are made from flexible materials2. How will researchers improve these high­tech clothes?A. Body heat will be used as power.B. The wearer will not get shocked.C. A tiny nine­volt battery will work.D. They will get charged automatically.3. What does the underlined phrase “This handy invention” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The laptop computer.B. The electronic ski jacket.C. The shirt­cum­mobile phone.D. The world's first cloth keyboard.4. If you are going on a ski adventure, which device do you need?A. The cloth keyboard.B. The electronic ski jacket.C. The necktie to be used as a mouse.D. The denim jacket with earphones.5．The main purpose of the text is ________．A. to advertise for an English companyB. to predict the future trend of scienceC. to show how rapidly science developsD. to introduce some intelligent clothing专题限时训练(二十六)(一)【要点综述】本文主要介绍了火山学家Hazel Rymer对火山的一些研究行动。

专题限时训练(二十二) [科普知识型阅读理解(一)](限时：25分钟)AThe forces that make Japan one o f the world's most earthquake­prone(有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its long­term energy solution.Water from deep below the ground at Japan's tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.Although Japanese high­tech companies are leaders in geothermal(地热的) technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation.“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermal­electric power production.The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 per cent of Japan's energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 per cent.Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 per cent of its needs.For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 per cent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan's potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.“We can't even dig 10cm inside national parks，” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, “Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades­long project.We also have to th ink about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, the US, believed Japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 per cent market share.In 2010, Fuji Electric built the world's largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.1. What would be the best title for the text?A．Alternative energies in JapanB．The world's largest geothermal plantC．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technologyD．Japan thinks of geothermal energy2. What percentage of Japan's energy needs is geothermal energy?A．About 8%. B．Below 1%.C．Around 30%. D．Over 80%.3. According to Shigeto Yamada, the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs ________．A．a change of rulesB．financial supportC．local people's helpD．high technology4. Geothermal energy is considered as a long­term programme by ________．A．Yoshiyasu TakefujiB．Hideaki MatsuiC．Shigeto YamadaD．Yoko Ono5. It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that ________．A．the world's biggest geothermal plant was built by AmericaB．Japan will not export its geothermal technologyC．the potential of Japan's geothermal energy is greatD．it is hard to find geothermal energy in JapanBA blind baby is doubly handicapped. Not only is it unable to see, but because it cannot receive the visual stimulus(刺激)from its environment that a sighted child does, it is like ly to be slow in intellectual development. Now the ten­month­old son of Dr and Mrs Dennis Daughters is the subject of an unusual psychological experiment designed to prevent a lag(滞后)in the learning process. With the aid of a sonar­type electronic that he wears on his head, infant(婴儿) Dennis is learning to identify the people and objects in the world around him by means of echoes(回声)．The device is an improvement of the “Sonicguide”， an instrument produced by Telesensory Systems, Inc., of Palo Alto, Calif, and used by blind adults in addition to a sane or guide dog. As adapted for Dennis, it consists of a battery­powered system about the size of a half dollar that is on a headgear. A transmitter sends out an ultrasonic(超声的) pulse that creates an 80 degree cone of sound at 6 feet. Echoes from objects within the cone are perceived (felt) as sounds that vary in pitch(音调) and volume(音量) with the size and distance of the object.The closer an object is, the lower the pitch, and the larger the object, the louder the signal. Hard surfaces produce a sharp ping, while soft ones send back signals with a slightly fuzzy quality. An object slightly to the right of Dennis' sends back a louder sound to his right ear than to the left. Thus, by simply moving his head right and left and up and down, he can not only locate an object but also get some notion of its shape and size, thanks to the varying qualities of sounds reaching his ears as the cone of ultrasound(超声波) passes its_edge. Dennis likes to use the device to play a kind of peek­a­boo with his mother. Standing on his knee and facing her directly, he receives a strong signal in both ears. By turning his head away, he makes her seem to disappear. “From the f irst time he wore it，” saysMrs Daughters, “it was like a light going on in his head.”What remains to be determined is how well the device will help Dennis cope with his surroundings as he begins to walk and venture further into his environment.Meanwhile, Telesensory, Inc., is working on the development of sonar(声呐) device with somewhat the same sensitivity as Dennis' for use by school­age children.1. Dr and Mrs Daughters' research is directed to ________．A．helping the blind to see and learn as well as othersB．benefiting the learning process of blind childrenC．solving blind children's psychological problemsD．finding out how children develop intellectually2. Infant Dennis becomes the subject of the experiment most probably because ________．A．he already lags behind the sighted childrenB．he leads a life as normal as any other childrenC．he is at the early stage of the learning processD．he has the aid of a sonar­type electronic device3. What can we learn about infant Dennis' device?A．It's the first design that was designed for blind adults.B．Its battery is as small as a half­dollar coin.C．It is functionally similar to a sane or guide dog.D．It has been improved by Telesensory Systems, Inc.4. In the third paragraph, “its edge” refers to “________”．A．the edge of an objectB．the edge of the deviceC．the boundary of Dennis' movementD．the boundary of the pitch5. What is Telesensory Systems, Inc. most likely to think about infant Dennis' device?A．It had better be used by blind children from school age.B．It needs improving for use in a complicated environment.C．It may not be so suitable for the blind adults.D．It benefits blind children in terms of learning.CA great invention by an 18­year­old high school student grew out of a simple problem most teenagers meet with.“I'm a teenager and I have a cellphone and my cellphone battery always dies, so I was really looking for a way to improve energy storage，” Eesha Khare said on Tuesday. “That's how I came across supercapacitors.”The teenager from California, who graduated from high school last week, won a $50，000 prize on May 17, 2013 at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for creating a device that can store enough energy to charge a cellphone in 20 to 30 seconds.“It charges very quickly and can store a lot of energy，” Khare said. “The cool thing is that it's a lot thinner than one hair.”Khare hasn't used her invention to recharge a cellphone yet, but she used it to power a light­emitting diode (LED) in order to show its capability(容量). If used on cellphones, the supercharger would slide on to the phone's battery to charge it in a matter of seconds. The technology isn't available to consumers yet, and it could be years until it is.At an Intel event in Phoenix, Khare won the Intel Foundation Young Scientist Award, taking second place overall in the world's largest high school science research competition. She beat out more than 1，600 finalists from 70 countries. She said that she has been contacted by several companies to continue her research, but is now focused on attending Harvard University in the fall.“Right now, just my education, but hopefully we'll see what happens in the future，” she said about her plans. “I have a lot of interests, so we'll see whatI do in the future.”1. The passage starts with ________．A．what problem most teenagers meet with in lifeB．how Khare helped others with their problems专题限时训练(二十二)A【要点综述】文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能这样一件事，因为日本是地震多发国家，国家地热能非常丰富，所以地热能将是日本的新型替代能源。

【英语】高考英语二轮复习专项训练阅读理解(科普环保)及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Throughout much of human history, man has been the measure of many, if not all, things. Lengths were divided up into feet and smaller units from the human hand. Other measures were equally characteristic. Mediterranean traders for centuries used the weight of grains of wheat to define (定义) their units of mass. The Romans used libra, forerunner of the pound, by referring to the weight of a carob (角豆树) seed.The sizes of similarly named units could also differ. The king's foot, used in France for nearly 1, 000 years after its introduction by Charlemagne in around 790 AD, was, at 32.5cm, around a centimeter shorter than the Belgic foot, used in England until 1300.Greek, Egyptian and Babylonian versions of water in a fixed container varied from one another by a few kilos, Nor was there agreement on such things within countries. In France, where there was no unified (统一的) measurement system at the national level, the situation was particularly terrible. The lieue (former measure of distance), for example, varied from just over 3 km in the north to nearly 6 km in the south.Although John Wilkins, an Englishman, first put forward a decimal system (十进制) of measurement in 1668, it was the French who in 1799 made it law. The Système International d'Unités (SI, or the metric system, as it is better known) developed from it and became the official measurement in all countries except Myanmar, Liberia and the United States. Now the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris is set to give the metric system its biggest shake-up yet.At a meeting in Versailles, France, on November 16th, 2018, the world's measurement bodies are almost certain to approve a decision that will mean four out of the seven base SI units, including the kilogram, will follow the other three, including the metre, in being redefined in terms of the values of physical constants (物理常数).Each of the chosen constants has been measured incredibly precisely, which would mean that from May 20th2019 the constants will themselves be fixed at their current values for ever. Any laboratory in the world will then be able to measure, for example, the mass of an object as precisely as the accuracy of their equipment will allow.（1）What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?A.Pound went before libra in measurement.B.Different things used to be adopted as measures.C.Grains were accepted as measures by the Romans.D.Fixed measurement systems were gradually formed.（2）How does the author develop the second paragraph?A.In time order.B.By analysis.C.In space order.D.By comparison.（3）Which of the following countries used SI as an official measurement?A.France.B.Liberia.C.America.D.Myanmar.（4）What will the world's measurement bodies achieve at the meeting held in Versailles?A.They will come up with seven new SI units.B.They will set May 20th as a new international festival.C.They will redefine four SI units including the kilogram.D.They will decide on a new measure used in the laboratory.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，法国凡尔赛宫举办的国际计量大会，将对目前使用的国际单位制中的四个基本单位进行重新定义，其中包括对千克的重新定义。

专题限时训练(二十五) [科普知识型阅读理解(一)](限时：25分钟)(一)The forces that make Japan one of the world's most earthquake­prone(有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its long­term energy solution.Water from deep below the ground at Japan's tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.Although Japanese high­tech companies are leaders in geothermal(地热的) technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation.“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，”said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermal­electric power production.The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 percent of Japan's energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 percent.Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan's potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.“We can't even dig 10cm inside national parks，” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, “Producing electricity by using hot springs is a decades­long project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, the US, believed Japan could produce 80，000 megawatts(兆瓦)and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 percent market share.In 2010, Fuji Electric built the world's largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.1．What would be the best title for the text?A．Alternative energies in JapanB．The world's largest geothermal plantC．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technologyD．Japan thinks of geothermal energy2．What percentage of Japan's energy needs is geothermal energy?A．About 8%. B．Below 1%.C．Around 30%. D．Over 80%.3．According to Shigeto Yamada, the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs ________．A．a change of rulesB．financial supportC．local people's helpD．high technology4．Geothermal energy is considered as a long­term program by ________．A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji B．Hideaki MatsuiC．Shigeto Yamada D．Yoko Ono5．It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that ________．A．the world's biggest geothermal plant was built by AmericaB．Japan will not export its geothermal technologyC．the potential of Japan's geothermal energy is greatD．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan(二)Last night's meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valley's mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so frustrated，” admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs，snakes，etc.For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (迁徙的)birds.According to the International Dark­Sky Association，“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more animal casualties(伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly，people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans，too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creaturescan share the night.1．It happened last night that ________．A. the city's lights affected the meteor watchingB．the meteors flew past before being noticedC．the city light show attracted many peopleD．the meteor watching ended up a social outing2．What do the astronomers complain about?A．Meteor showers occur less often than before.B．Their observation equipment is in poor repair.C．Light pollution has remained unsolved for years.D．Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting.3．What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?A. Birds may take other migration paths.B．Animals' living habits may change suddenly.C．Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced.D．Animals' survival is threatened by outdoor lighting.4．Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to________．A．lessen the chance of getting cancerB．create an ideal observation conditionC．ensure citizens a good sleep at nightD．enable all creatures to live in harmony5．What message does the author most want to give us?A．Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.B．Great efforts should be made to save energy.C．Human activities should be environmentally friendly.D．New equipment should be introduced for space study.(三)Online clothes shoppers will be told exactly what size is best for them using new software which combines with their webcam or smart phone to form a 3D tape measure.Scientists from Surrey University and design experts from the London College of Fashion are developing a program which can take precise waist, hip, chest and other measurements from camera images.Using the person's height as a starting point, the software will be able to build up a 3D image and estimate their size at various different points on the body, based on their overall proportions.The result will be a more accurate sizing guide than previous systems based on waist size or a “small/medium/large” scale, which rely on limited measurements and the buyer's perception of their own body size.Shoppers and retailers(零售商) who choose to sign up for the project could save millions of pounds a year in postage costs by removing the need to order multiple sizes of the same garment(服装) and send back ill­fitting clothes, researchers claimed.The project, sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences ResearchCouncil(EPSRC), is expected to be brought to market within two years.After choosing an item, the shopper will activate the software, enter their height, stand in front of their webcam or smart phone in their underwear and takea photograph.The software will not store or transmit the image to the Internet, but will useit to judge the person's dimensions at various points on their body.Philip Delamore of the London College of Fashion said, “The potential benefitsfor the fashion industry and for shoppers are huge. Currently, it's common for online shoppers to order two or three different sizes of the same item of clothing at the same time, as they're unsure which one will fit best.”1．What is the essential part of a 3D tape measure?A. A software.B. A webcam.C. A microphone.D. A smart phone.2. What can we learn about the 3D tape measure?A. It will store or transmit the image to the Internet.B. It is based on the buyer's perception of their size.C. It will be a co­working production.D. It uses a person's weight as a starting point.3. Compared with the traditional sizing system, a 3D tape measure is ________ .A. quickerB. more preciseC. more beautifulD. more vivid4. How can the 3D tape measure benefit online shoppers?A．Online shoppers will get their ordered garment in time.B．Online shoppers will get their ordered garment more quickly.C．Online shoppers will get an ordered garment of high quality.D．Online shoppers will get an ordered garment to their measure.5. What is the right order for a shopper to form a 3D tape measure?①to take a photo with a webcam②to activate the software③to enter his/her height④to judge his/her size by analysing his/her imageA. ①②③④B. ②①③④C. ②③①④D. ②③④①专题限时训练(二十五)(一)【要点综述】文章主要讲述了日本正在考虑开发地热能。

专题限时训练(三十八)[科普知识型阅读理解(一)](限时：25分钟)(一)It's a common belief that over time, pet owners start to look like their animals, and vice versa. Now comes the terrifying news that cats look up to their owners as role models and copy their behaviour.Next time you reach for your fridge, think twice. If your kitty is watching, she is likely to overeat as well.What is your cat's IQ?In a new study from the University of Messina, it turns out that indoor cats who live closely to their owners “mirror” the lives of their caregivers. They sleep at the same time, eat at the same time, and can even become more or less social depending on the behaviour of their owners.“Cats are intelligent animals with a long memory, ”Jane Brunt, the executive director of the Catalyst Council, told Disco v ery Ne w s. “They watch and learn from us, noting the patterns of our actions, knowing where their food is kept and what time to expect to be fed, how to open the cupboard door that's been improperly closed, and where their feeding and toileting areas are.”Because cats copy our habits, if you spend a lot of time raiding(搜刮)the fridge, your cat will return to its food bowl for that midnight snack, too. According to the study, this explains why “human and cat overweight rates often seem to match”．So, if you feel guilty about leaving your precious kitty at home while you go to work, now you can feel even worse：you are making your cat fat!There's no word if drinking green tea and making sure you go to yoga will benefit your cat, but based on the study, it sounds like sticking to a healthy eating and sleeping schedule is best for both of you.There's a lot we can learn from our cats in return. “When they sit on our laps softly purring with rhythmic breathing and half­closed eyes, the sense of peace and calm that comes over us is like a private lesson in inner meditation，”Brunt said. Sure. But cats don't have to sit in rush hour traffic for an hour a day or worry about their in-laws. They're probably pretty good at remaining calm.So, according to science, even though we assume that cats are not close to us all these years, it turns out they are in fact learning from us and looking up to us. Scary, huh?1．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A．Cats can copy humans' schedule.B．Humans can learn from cats in some way.C．Cats are smart and have a long memory.D．Green tea and yoga can benefit cats.2．What does the underlined word “this”in Paragraph 5 refer to?A．Humans' keeping searching the fridge.B．Cats' going to their owners for food.C．Cats' copying humans' habit of looking for food.D．Humans' leaving cats home while working.3．What can we learn from our cats?A．To remain calm.B．To be able to copy.C．To stay proud.D．To look up to friends.4．The best title for the passage could be “________”．A．Your cat can bring you pleasureB．You are copying your catC．You can make your cat socialD．Your cat is copying your habit(二)Why laughter mattersAlthough most people believe that laughter is one of the nature's great treatments for a whole range of mental and physical diseases, it is still a serious scientific subject that researchers are trying to figure out.“Laughter above all else is a social thing，” says Baltimore neuroscientist, Robert Provine, who has studied laughter for decades. “All laughter groups laugh ‘ha­ha­ha’ basically the same way. Whether you speak Mandarin, French or English, everyone will understand laughter. There is a pattern generator(发生器) in our brain that produces this sound.”Laughing is our first way of communicating. Babies laugh long before they speak. No one teaches them how to laugh. They just do. People may laugh at a prank(恶作剧) on April Fools' Day. But surprisingly, only 10 to 15 percent of laughter is the result of someone making a joke. Laughter is mostly about social responses rather than to a joke. Deaf people laugh without hearing and people on cell phones laugh without seeing, showing that laughter isn't dependent on single sense but on social interactions.And laughter is not just a thing of people. Chimps tickle(挠痒) each other and even laugh when another chimp pretends to tickle them.Jaak Panksepp, a Bowling Green University Psychology professor, studies rats that laugh when he tickles them. It turns out rats love to be tickled—they return again and again to the hands of researchers tickling them.By studying rats, scientists can figure out what's going on in the brain during laughter. Northwestern University biomedical engineering professor, Jeffrey Burgdorf has found that laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药). He thinks the same thing probably happens in humans, too. This would give doctors a new chemical target to develop drugs that can fight depression.Even so, laughter itself has not been proved to be the best medicine, experts say. Margaret Stuber, a professor at University of California, studied whether laugher helped patients. She found that distraction(分心) and mood improvement helped, but she could not find a benefit of laughter alone.“No study has shown that laughter produces a direct health benefit，” Provine said, largely because it's hard to separate laughter from just feeling good. But he thinks it doesn't really matter, “Isn't the fact that laughter feels good when you do it enough？”1．The most important finding of Robert Provine's research is that ________．A．laughter makes a person feel goodB．laughter depends on different sensesC．laughter is a quality people are born withD．laughter is a social response shared by all creatures2．According to the passage, scientists studied rats in order to find ________．A．if they can laughB．if they like laughingC．what laughter in rats producesD．how rats react while being tickled3．What can we learn from the passage?A．Patients will recover if they laugh enough.B．Laughter is a means of communication as well as a language.C．A new medicine has been developed based on the laughter research.D．Scientists can know what is happening in a human brain when he laughs.4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?CP: Central point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点)C: Conclusion(三)3D cinema has been around since the early 20th century, but Hollywood brought the technology back in 2007. Many thought it was just a trick to make more money. But then came A v atar, the first must-see movie in 3D.But since A v atar, 3D cinema has struggled. In_2010,_several_3D_movies_bombed_at_the_box_office. And by late 2010, some people said the technology was dead. Of course, that wasn't the first time Hollywood had struggled with new technology. Although sound was added to movies in the late 1920s, it took audiences time to get used to the new technology. But in the end, sound and colour became the standard. James Cameron, director of A v atar, thinks we're going through the same process with 3D.Some say cinemas are charging too much for 3D movies. In the US, seeing a 3D movie can cost up to $7.5 more than seeing it in 2D.Also, a recent study at California State University finds audiences don't actually enjoy movies in 3D any more than in 2D.Walter Murch, a famous movie editor, wrote in 2011 that human beings have no ability to process 3D images. Watching a 3D movie confuses our brain and this is why some people get headaches.But James Cameron disagrees. In fact, he recently predicted that in five years all movies willbe in 3D.And there are signs that 3D is fighting back. More 3D movies were put on the market in 2012 than ever before. The Lion King 3D recently made over US $150 million at the box office, and Cameron's Titanic 3D made even more.Who knows what the future holds for 3D? Steven Spielberg recently said, “I'm hoping 3D gets to a point where people notice it. Because then it just becomes another tool and helps tell a story.”1．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably means that in 2010, 3D movies________．A．were not successfulB．became popularC．developed quicklyD．were of poor quality2．The example of sound and colour is used mainly to show that________．A．Hollywood tends to absorb what is newB．3D technology takes time to be acceptedC．Hollywood struggles with new technologyD．high technology helps to make better movies3．In Walter Murch's opinion, 3D movies________．A．bring moviemakers great profitsB．are more expensive than 2D moviesC．do great harm to people's healthD．are unsuitable for people to watch4．What can we learn from the text?A．A v atar was the first 3D movie.B．3D cinema has existed for years.C．Titanic 3D has made the most money.D．2012 witnessed the coming of 3D's time.专题限时训练(三十八)(一)【要点综述】本文是一篇有关养宠物猫的科普文章。

2022浙江高考英语二轮科普学问阅读理解（1）解析答案科普学问（阅读理解）由(2022山东,D)改编For those who are tired of doing the laundry,Samsung has found an answer:a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application).Strange though it may seem—“my wife already does that”was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES) this week—Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install (安装) a large number of internet-connected features in machines in an effort to make them “smart”.Last year,it was a refrigerator that tweeted.This year,it’s Wi-Fi-enabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.The washers and dryers,available starting in the spring,connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application.The phone can then be used as a remote control,so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.Samsung says it’s not just something new—the app connection actually has some practical uses.“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out,you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home,so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go,” said spokes person Amy Schmidt.The company also says that with electricity rates (电价) varying depending on the time of day,more control over when the machines are used can help save money.Perhaps,but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do—enable laziness.Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done,users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.1.What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?()A.The machine will be a big success.B.Their wives like doing the laundry.C.The machine is unrelated to their life.D.This kind of technology is familiar to them.2.What can we learn about the new laundry machines?()A.They can tell you when your clothes need washing.B.They can be controlled with a smartphone.C.They are difficult to operate.D.They are sold at a low price.3.We can conclude from Samsung’s statements that .A.the app connection makes life easierB.it is better to dry clothes in the morningC.smartphones can shorten the drying timeD.we should refresh clothes back at home4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?()A.The laundry should be frequently checked.zy people like using such machines.C.Good technologies also cause problems.D.Television may help do the laundry.语篇解读:本文属于科普学问类。

专题限时训练(二十九) [科普知识型阅读理解(一)](限时：25分钟)(一)American researchers have created a robotic jellyfish(水母), named Robojelly, which not only exhibits characteristics ideal to use in underwater search and rescue operations, but could, theoretically at least, never run out of energy thanks to it being fuelled by hydrogen.Constructed from shape memory alloys (形状记忆合金) (SMA)—smart materials which have the ability to change shape or size, Robojelly is able to copy the natural movements of a jellyfish when placed in a water tank and is powered by chemical reactions taking place on its surface.“To our knowledge, this is the first successful powering of an underwater robot using external hydrogen as a fuel source，” said the lead author of the study Yona s Tadesse.The creators of Robojelly, from Virgina Tech, presented their results on 21 March, 2012, in IOP Publishing's journal Smart Materials and Structures.The jellyfish is an ideal animal to base the vehicle on due to its simple swimming action: it has two remarkable mechanisms known as “rowing” and “jetting”. These were copied well in the robotic jellyfish.The robot is powered by heat­producing chemical reactions between the oxygen and hydrogen in water and the platinum(铂) on its surface.The heat that is given off by these reactions is transferred to the artificial muscles of the robot, causing them to change into different shapes.Therefore, Robojelly can reproduce fuel from its natural surroundings and does not require an external power source or the constant replacement of batteries.At the moment, the hydrogen­powered Robojelly has been working well while being down in a water tank.However, the researchers admit that the robot still needs development to achieve full functionality and efficiency.“The current design allows the jellyfish to flex(折曲) its eight bell parts, each operated by a fuel­powered SMA module.This should be enough for the jellyfish to lift itself up if all the bell parts are actuated.”“We are now researching new ways to deliver the fuel into each part so that each one can be controlled individually.This should allow the robot to be controlled and moved in different directions，” Tadesse continued.1．Which of the following is NOT true about Robojelly?A．It can move in water like a jellyfish.B．It can become larger or smaller.C．It can be used in underwater search.D．It can be moved in different directions.2．Platinum is used on the surface of the robot in order to ________.A．produce more oxygen and hydrogen in waterB．lead to heat­producing chemical reactionsC．help move the heat to the muscles of the robotD．make the batteries of the robot produce more heat3．What do the researchers think of Robojelly?A．They do not feel very satisfied with it.B．It is the most successful robot in the world.C．It is successful but still needs improving.D．It is one of the cleverest robots.4．At present the researchers are working hard to ________.A．make each part of the robot able to be controlled individuallyB．make it more convenient to control and use the robotC．make more fuel sent into each part of the robotD．make the robot able to lift itself up easier5．The best title for the passage is “ ________”．A．Jellyfish, an ideal animal to base a robot onB．Yonas Tadesse and the first hydrogen­powered robotC．Robojelly, one of the successful robots fueled by hydrogenD．Robojelly, the latest ocean­powered robot inspired by Jellyfish(二)Have you ever wondered why stems(茎)grow upwards and roots downwards? Why do plants always seem to turn towards the light and climbing plants run up rather than down? The answer is simple: auxin(生长素), a chemical substance that controls growth in plants.Auxin gives away its secretsAuxin is a plant hormone(激素). Darwin was already interested in it in the 19th century. Only in recent years, however, has the hormone started to give away its secrets, thanks to intensive molecular research. Auxin is produced in the young, growing parts of plants and then transported throughout the plant—to a low­lying stem for example. The stem needs to straighten out as soon as possible to be able to absorb the topside, resulting in the underside growing faster and the stem straightening out. For the same reason, plants in front of windows will always turn to the light. This active regulation of auxin transport allows plants to take ideal advantage of local and changing conditions.A new means of transport for auxinThe transport of auxin through the plant plays a vital role. And, from all appearances, it is not a simple matter. The researchers identified an important new link and means of transport for auxin: PILS proteins (蛋白质). PILS proteins are vital for auxin­dependent plant growth and adjust the intracellular(细胞内的)storage of the hormone. It is exactly this compartmentalizing (分类) of auxin that seems functionally important for the various developmental processes.Growing crops more efficiently: the right amount of auxin in the right place Higher auxin levels at the right moment and in the right place result in better growth and greater harvest. Better adjustment of auxin levels would make plants grow more efficiently. The researchers hope to contribute to the development of more efficient growing processes by continuing to sort out auxin transport processes.1. Which of the following is TRUE of auxin according to the text?A. It helps the plant to bend at the right places while growing.B．It prevents the roots of plants from growing faster.C．It is no use when the surroundings have changed.D．It helps the underside of plants grow faster than the topside.2. What would make plants grow more efficiently?A. Straightening out the stem.B．The right amount of auxin in the right place.C．Allowing plants to turn to the light.D．Enough PILS proteins.3. From Paragraph 3 we know that ________.A. the researchers are not so sure if the transport for auxin is a new oneB．the levels of auxin remain the same during the growing processes of plants C．PILS proteins delay the growth of plantsD．PILS proteins play an important part in the transport of auxin4．According to Paragraph 2, the researchers got their results mainly by ________.A. referring to Darwin's theoryB．observing plants straighteningC．doing intensive molecular researchD．watching plants in different places5．Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A. Why Plants Grow Towards the Light?B．Darwin's Dream Has Come TrueC．How Did Scientists Find Out the Secret?D．A New Way of the Growing of Plants(三)Steven Spielberg's 2002 science­fiction thriller Minority Report produced a world where computers could read minds and predict the future.It seemed fanciful at the time，but fantasy is edging closer to fact.On Jan.31，a team of scientists at the UC Berkeley，led by Robert Knight programmed computers to decode(解码)brain waves and replay them as words. Five months earlier, another group of Berkeley scientists showed their colleagues short movies and used computers to play back in color what people saw.These experiments are a big advance from 2006，when a French scientist first replayed images from a human mind, a black and white checkerboard pattern.The possibilities are great: a disabled person could “speak”； doctors could access the mind of a patient who fainted; you could rewatch your dreams on an iPad.There are, of course, equally dark side, such as the involuntary takeout of information from the brain.In spite of these breakthroughs，Jack Gallant，the neuroscientist who led the first Berkeley team, says current technology for decoding brain activity is still “relatively primitive”. The field is held back by its poor m achinery，in particular the FMRI.“Eventually，” says Gallant，“someone will invent a decoding machine youcan wear as a hat.”Such an advance into the human mind，he says，might take 30 years.Still, the recent advances at Berkeley offer small answers，which scientists can use to begin unlocking the secrets of memory and consciousness.1．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A．New technology can read your mindB．Fantasy is edging closer to factC．A new discovery in human brainD．The intelligent computers in the future2．What did scientists at the UC Berkeley do?A．They produced a fanciful world.B．They made computers jump forward like a human.C．They managed to translate brain waves into language.D．They used computers to make short movies.3．Which of the following is impossible for the research?A．It can help a disabled man recover his ability of speech.B．Doctors can read a patient's mind even if he is unconscious.C．People will know what happens in their dreams.D．People's thoughts may be given away.4．What plays the most important role in the development of the technology?A．A computer. B．An iPad.C．A decoding machine. D．A hat.5．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A．scientists got the inspiration from a movieB．the technology still has a long way to goC．the technology has been put into practiceD．scientists have unlocked the secrets of memory专题限时训练(二十九)(一)【语篇解读】水母机器人能用于水下研究和援救，它能改变大小和形状，其最大的特点是用氢气作燃料，故不需外部电源或频繁更换电池。