2020届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练-科教科普类(1)

社会现象类1、Are you familiar with the greeting, "Can I add you on WeChat?” It seems like every time we meet new friends or colleagues nowadays, the first thing that springs to mind is adding each other on the app. Nevertheless, more than 80 percent of WeChat users report feeling stressed or anxious when they receive a large number of messages, according to a study done recently by the app's developer Tencent. In other words, WeChat can overwhelm(使应接小暇) us,while also breaking down the boundaries between our work and private lives.Just think how easy it is now for bosses to hand out assignments during the holiday, so long as they have your WeChat contact. When you're at the cinema enjoying a romantic movie or having a barbecue in the backyard, you can never cut yourself off from the outside world unless you switch off your phone. Not to post something in WeChat Moments before replying to your boss first!Apart from interrupting your leisure time, WeChat can also reduce your productivity at work. For many office workers, logging in to WeChat on their computers at the start of the day has become routine. But what if browsing the Moments distracts us from doing the work? The app steals our time without us even noticing it, making us have the false belief that we are busy all the time.And as if that weren’t bad enough,there’re the “one-off” friends who take up space on our WeChat friend list. A handy way to check how many one-off friends you have is to take a look at your chat history with them. Sometimes, you only sent the initial friend requests so you could invite them to a WeChat group or inform them of something for your boss. Yet still, as your friend count(好友数量) ever goes up, it can make you feel the need to post selfies and share details of your life in your Moments, just so you can stay up to date.With WeChat , all our spare time is swallowed up by the constant torrent of messages and our attention keeps getting diverted by Moments and pop-up ads. So it’s time that we should do something to nip this problem in the bud.1.What is most of WeChat users' reaction when receiving a mass of messages?A.They are quite upset.B.They think it’s unavoidable.C.They break down.D.They complain about Tencent.2.Which of the following may make your boss angry according to Paragraph 2?A.Enjoying a movie at the weekend.B.Posting something in WeChat Moments.C.Having a barbecue on vacation.D.Ignoring the assignment he handed out when seeing it.3.How can we decide who is the one-off friend on our WeChat friend list?A.By checking if you sent the initial friend request.B.By seeing if your boss asked you to inform him of something.C.By having a look at your chat record.D.By counting the number of your friends on the list.4.What can be a suitable title for this text?A.Is WeChat becoming a necessity in our life?B.Are We What friend requests ruining your life?C.Does your boss want to be your WeChat friend?D.Is it better to have more WeChat friends?2、Russian police have started a new attempt to get drivers to slow down at zebra crossings by having painted horses as zebras walk across on the busiest streets in some of the big cities in an attempt to improve road safety and raise awareness among Russia’s notoriously (臭名昭著地) careless drivers.The light grey horses, painted with black stripes, carried signs on their backs reading: “Careful, children are on their way to school.” The police sent the “zebras” to several different locations in the Russian capital, where officials in orange vests walked them over zebra crossings and handed out leaflets (传单) to passing drivers.Some held up rainbow-coloured umbrellas over the painted animals to protect them from the rain. Russian roads are notoriously dangerous and drivers still rarely take the initiative (主动采取措施) to avoid pedestrians. Nearly half of all traffic accidents in the country’s big cities are caused by cars hitting pedestrians, and a third of those occur on crossings, according to traffic police figures published last month.In the first six months of this year, 378 people were killed and more than 6, 600 injured on pedestrian crossings in Russia, according to police. In Moscow alone, 43 people were killed, including two children.Though police officials said that only safe paint would be used on the animals, animal rights activists still disagreed with the idea, accusing the police of “treating animals like garbage”.“Children understand that paints are bad for animals,” the Interfax news agency quoted president of Vita animal rights group Irina Novozhilova as saying.Let’s hope this part of the campaign is over and animals are left out of future attempts to raise pedestrians’ awareness.1.Why do Moscow police have “zebras” walk across on the busiest streets?A.To make a call on protecting animals.B.To remind people zebras are in danger of extinction.C.To tell people it is dangerous to cross streets.D.To raise drivers’ awareness of road safety.2.What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The zebras.B.The horses.C.The policemen.D.The drivers.3.From the text we can learn that ________.A.most Russian drivers have realized the seriousness of the problemB.Russian drivers often ignore traffic lightsC.Russian drivers seldom give way to pedestriansD.the driving skills of Russian drivers are bad4.What do animal rights activists think of the new attempt?A.Drivers must slow down at pedestrian crossings.B.These animals are ill-treated by the police.C.The paints used on the horses are safe.D.Road safety should be improved.5.Wh ich word can best describe the author’s attitude towards the campaign?A.Critical.B.Reserved.C.Doubtful.D.Positive.3、The United States is observing Labor Day，a day set aside to honor U. S. workers and their contributions to the country's economy.In the 1880’s，there was a push to recognize the U. S. worker，who back then was likely to be working at least 12 hours a day, six days a week, with a paltry salary. Even children as young as five were often part of a factory’s dingy landscape. Health care benefits were unheard of.One by one, states drafted and passed legislation that set aside a day to honor the contributions of the common worker. On June 28，1884，Congress passed an act designating the first Monday in September of each year as Labor Day，making it a national holiday.In recent years, labor unions have seen their membership dwindle with the growth of technology and the globalization of the world economy. However，the workers’ benefits unions fought for decades ago are now customary (习惯的）in most U. S. workplaces，including the eight-hour work day，five-day work weeks, health care insurance and vacations paid for by employers.In keeping with the original intent of the holiday, some U. S. cities continue to stage parades honoring trade and labor unions，and hold festivities for the recreation and amusement of the workers and their families.However, most workers in the U. S. have the day off and spend time with their families? gathering for backyard cookouts or trips to parks and beaches.Labor Day has become known as the unofficial end of summer since schools usually reopened from summer vacation after Labor Day. But now，more and more schools are reopening in August.1.In 1880’s，the U. S. workers might _________.A.have improved their living condition a lotB.not receive their rewards they deservedC.be basically adults who were over 18 years oldD.have had well-organized health care benefits2.What’s the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 4?A.Increase.B.Unite.C.Rise.D.Reduce.3.Which of the following is NOT the benefits the benefit unions fight for the workers?A.Eight-hour work day.B.Five-day work weeks.C.Unpaid vacations.D.Health care insurance.4.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.In recent years, the workers’ benefits unions still work hard for workers.B.The number of the labor unions has decreased a lot.C.There are varieties of celebrations for workers in the cities of U. S.D.Most of the workers love joining in the festival when they are available.4、While many countries love their tea,UKcitizens are particularly proud of being “tea people”. The averageUKcitizen consumes nearly 2 kilograms of tea each year.Tea only made its way toEnglandin large quantities in the first years of the 17th century. Tea fromChinaand a few other Asian countries was being sold more widely inEnglandat that time. Then tea was getting more and more popular among different social classes.There are many varieties of tea. Black tea mixtures are still the most common type drunk in theUK. Black tea is dark in colour, because the leaves have been allowed to oxidize (氧化) before drying. This is why we usually serve it with milk, although it is not uncommon to drink it black or with lemon. You may still find tea made with loose tea leaves, served up in a pot, and poured into the best china cups with saucers (茶托) for visitors.Tea is still a large part of daily life in theUKtoday, but it seems to be on the decrease. The amount of tea sold in the UK fell by more than 10% in the five years leading up to 2002, and has been dropping ever since. Tea sales fell by 6% in 2014 alone, and most restaurants report selling more than twice as many cups of coffee as they do tea. More than ￡1 billion was spent on coffee in high street stores in 2013, more than twice what was spent on tea bags.Still, what goes around comes around; it’s sure to become fashionable again.1.Which of the following is true according to the first three paragraphs?A.Tea made its way to England in the early years of the 16th century.B.The UK usually serves black tea with lemon.C.Tea from China was being sold more widely in England now. citizens take pride in being “tea people”.2.What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?A.Tea sales fell by 6% in 2014 alone.B.Since 2002, the sales of tea has been on the decreaseC.In 2013, the money spent on tea was ￡3 billionD.Most restaurant like selling tea than coffee.3.What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph?A.It can never succeed againB.The tea can become popular againC.Coffee is more popular than teaD.The tea is becoming less popular4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To introduce tea in the UKB.To show the author’s preference for teaC.To introduce the functions of teaD.To compare tea in China and UK5、Recently a creative advertisement displaying the deep love between an overseas student and his parents has stirred up a debate on Chinese social media, with many criticizing China’s younger generation of being spoiled and too dependent.In the ad, which was created by Chins Merchants Bank to promote its credit card for overseas students, a Chinese student named Lan overcomes the initial “fresh-off-the-boat” feeling and starts to make friends with local American students. Deciding to make some stir-fried tomatoes and eggs, a popular Chinese dish, to impress his foreign friends, Lan asks his parents in China for help. Despite the 12-hour time difference, the parents wake up at 4 am to make a how-to-video for their son.The ad has been viewed over 1.2 million times since it was posted online on Thursday, and has received mixed reactions from Chinese netizens.Some called it a heart-wrenching demonstration of parental love, sharing their own moving moments with their parents.“When I studied abroad, my mother also taugh t me how to cook delicious dishes over the Internet, so that I would not starve and could enjoy my life in a foreign country, “wrote a netizen on Sina Weibo, adding that the ad brought her to tears.Others showed a different opinion, criticizing the parents for spoiling the boy."Chinese parents spoil their children. I think it’s heartless and not touching to wake your parents up in the middle of the night just to satisfy your vanity to impress others. Such parental love would only destroy a child, rather than make him/her independent,” wrote a netizen."I think the boy is dumb to ask his parents for help, as a casual online search of the recipe can offer at least 6 million results. Spoiling your child is not love, it’s called connivance(纵容),” noted another netizen.1.What does the creative advertisement lead to on Chinese social media?A.A great economic interest.B.A great increase in credit card sales.C.A hot topic on social morality.D.A heated debate on Chinese family education.2.According to paragraph 2, Lan called his parent at ________ in American time.A.8:00 amB.20:00 pmC.16:00 pmD.4:00 am3.What is the first netizen’s attitude towards the story in the ad on Sina Weibo?A.Ambiguous.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Sympathetic.4.What’s the best title o f the text?A.Controversial Ad Draws Mixed Reaction from Chinese Public.B.How to Make a Popular Chinese Dish.C.The Current Situation of Chinese Netizens.D.Arguments on China’s Advertisement Business.6、Something happens to many children when they are out of school over the summer months.It is called the“summer slide”.It is when children forget much of what they learned during the latest school year.To fight its effects,students have to do much homework over the summer and parents may send children to camp or find other activities to keep them learning.However,experts say keeping children busy all the time is not good for them.Lea Waters,an expert on human behavior,says slowing down actually helps children become the best they can be.“It’s a little bit l ike,if you have too many programs running on your computer,your computer starts to slow down.When you shut down those programs,your computer speeds up again.”Machines need to be reset,while kids need to goof off.“What I mean by goofing off is really allow ing kids to have some downtime,where they’re not focused on aspecific task,they just do what they’re interested in.”She adds,“It not just decides what information to put into memory or get rid of.It’s also an essential network to develop emotional intelli gence,to improve the memory…”Parents often mean well by wanting to keep their child busy.But the result is often a tired child with an overcrowded schedule,which means the opposite effect the parents are hoping for.“If you’re constantly on task in the end it doesn’t help to build up strength as effectively as you might think.”Lea Waters says she hopes parents will accept the fact that children don’t have to be busy all the time.1.Who might be the intended readers of this passage?A.Children.B.Parents.C.Teachers.D.Researchers.2.What do the underlined words“goof off”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Have off hours.B.Wander around.C.Hold on.D.Speed up.3.How do students usually deal with summer slide?A.Doing what interests them.B.Going sightseeing for relaxation.C.Focusing on a specific learning task.D.Helping with housework.4.What does Lea Waters think of parents keeping children busy over the summer?A.It is a good way to fight summer slide effect.B.It will help their children to focus on a specific task.C.It develops their children’s emotional intelligence.D.It will not work out effectively as expected.答案1、1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B解析：1.细节理解题。

2020全国高考英语汇编阅读之科普知识类一（2020安徽卷）BRecordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives (蜂窝)-either recorded or real-may even prevent elephants from damaging farmer's crops.In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team found that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today, Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants away.Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next，Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in northern Kenya and put a speaker in a close to each family.From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy Played the sound of a waterfall (瀑布) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes, most of the groups stayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasn't tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.60. We know from the passage that elephants may he frightened of .A. loud noisesB. some cropsC. video camerasD. angry bees61. As mentioned in the passage, LucyA. works by herself in AfricaB. needs to test more elephant groupsC. has stopped elephants eating cropsD. has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms62. Why did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive?A. To record the sound of bees.B. To make a video of elephants.C. To see if elephants would run away.D. To find out more about the behavior of bees.63. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Young elephants ignore African honeybees.B. Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.C. Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them.D. Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.【考点】考察科普知识类阅读【文章大意】本文讲述了非洲大陆的大象十分害怕蜜蜂的声音，科学家Lucy King正在研究十分可以利用这个现象来保护庄稼不受大象的侵扰。

故事类1、My family came to the United States from Mexico when I was 5, so I was an English-language learner in school and had to work very hard. After finishing high school, it took me eight years to graduate from University, while working full time at night.I started out as an aerospace(航空宇宙) engineer and changed into marketing, working at Hewlett-Packard and IBM for most of my career. Then I became a financial adviser, but eventually didn't find it satisfying enough.I had always dreamed of teaching children with a background like mine, and I was 59 years old, so l knew it was now or never. I found out about the EnCorps STEM Teachers Program in California, which would allow me to explore the possibility of becoming a science, technology, engineering, or math teacher in a high-needs middle or high school. I quickly applied and was accepted.My first job was the hardest assignment(任务) you can get. I spent my first year there teaching math in a middle school, and the following two years I taught at the Academy of Science & Engineering. When I spotted a job opening within the high school network Soledad Enrichment Action and I saw the students, I knew it's where I wanted to work. I'm in my third year there, and I love it. It's so much more satisfying than what I used to do for work. The best is when you see a student really getting something for the first time. Especially algebra, which can be very confusing. Sometimes I was so confused at their age that I couldn't even ask a question, so I know that feeling.I feel relevant again, like what I do is really important. I don’t plan on ever retiring.1.What do we know about the author from the first two paragraphs?A.He had to begin working from an early age.B.He was good at language learning when young.C.Upon graduating, he enjoyed trying different jobs.D.Not satisfied with his job, he changed jobs constantly.2.How did the author realize his dream?A.By applying to be a math teacher in a high school.B.By teaching children with a background like himself.C.By getting the hardest assignment to challenge himself.D.By changing his job for a satisfying one as an engineer.3.What was the author satisfied with when being a teacher?A.He found algebra can be very confusing.B.He settled confusing math problems for his students.C.He taught at the Academy of Science & Engineering.D.He saw a student really getting improved for the first time.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.To Be a Teacher and Never RetireB.How to Be a Successful TeacherC.Finding a Satisfying Job Is DifficultD.Teaching after You Retire Is Worth It2、Born blind is tough in any case.But things were even harder for Srikanth Bolla who was born in a small village in India,where the common belief was that kids with disabilities were “of no use” and therefore,better offdead.Fortunately,Srikanth’s parents l oved their son and refused to give him up.Instead,they encouraged the blind boy to dream big and reach for the star.Srikanth did not disappoint his parents.The now twenty-four-year-old is the founder CEO of Bollant Industries.Of course,getting here was not easy.Being both blind and poor meant that Srikanth had to face hard challenges.As a young boy,Srikanth attended a regular school near his home.Unfortunately,the students and teachers didn’t quite like him because of his disability.As a result,the young boy was largely ignored and often spent the entire day alone.Concerned this would hold back Srikanth’ s development,his family decided to send him to a special school in Hyderabad.Sure enough,the young boy soon rose to the top of his class,earning awards in speech and debate competitions.But Srikanth was prevented from studying sciences when he reached 10th grade,because it wasthought too “dangerous” for a blind student.Not wanting to give up,Srikanth took legal action and became the first blind student in the country allowed to study sciences.Late,after graduating from the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology,Srikanth set up Bollant Industries in 2012.For just four years,it has become a powerhouse with over 450 employees,70% of whom are physically challenged.Being disabled doesn’t mean being unable.“If the world looks at me and says,‘Srikanth,you can do nothing,’ I will look back at the world and say I can do anything.” the young man says.1.Why was Srikanth sent to a special school?A.His parents became richer than before.B.He could be treated equally there.C.This school was free for disabled students.D.He was sent away by the regular school.2.What can we know about Srikanth from the text?A.He was born in a poor village.B.He cared about disabled people.C.His parents were strict with him in his study.D.He was loved by the villagers when he was young.3.What words can best describe Srikanth?A.Intelligent and determined.B.Active and honest.C.Patient and careful.D.Kind but stubborn.4.What can be the best title for the text?A.Chances Are EverywhereB.No Challenges,No SuccessC.Big Dream Makes a DifferenceD.Disability Doesn’t Mean Being Unable3、His parents may have named him Edson Arantes do Nascimento, but to the rest of the wor ld, he is known as Pelé. Without doubt, Pele is the greatest soccer player ever.Born in a small village in Brazil, Pelé grew up playing soccer like most other children of his age. Too poor to afford a soccer ball, Pele and his playmates often made one by tying together a bunch of rags. Their playing field was usually a sidewalk. Old tin cans marked where the goalposts should be. Pelé and the other boys from his neighborhood often dreamed of one clay becoming professional soccer players. At the age of e leven, Pelé was discovered by Waldemar de Brito, a former professional player. Waldemar de Brito was then the coach of the Bauru Soccer Club and he signed Pele to play for the junior Bauru team.In 1956, when Pele was fifteen, Waldemar de Brito took him to the city of Santos, Brazil, to try out for the Santos professional team. Pele immediately distinguished himself as one of the best players.In 1957, Pelé was selected to play on Brazil's national team. He scored the only goal for Brazil in the first game and another goal in the second game. Then in 1958, Pelé helped Brazil win ils first World Cup.Between 1958 and 1970, Pele played in four World Cups. He is the only person who won three World Cups. Pelé played his last game with the Brazilian n ational team in 1971, but he continued to play for the Sanlos team for three more years before calling it quits.Throughout his career, Pelé had an amazing ability to touch people. Once a war was suspended for two days because the Santos team had been invited to play there and people on both sides were so eager to see Pelé play.Pelé's name represents excellence in soccer. His 20-year career has yielded some of the most memorable moments in soccer histoiy. People today still refer to him as the grea t Pelé, the King of Soccer.1.What was Pelé's soccer playing environment like when he was young?A.Well-developed.B.Tough.C.Relaxing.D.Standard.2.What's the focus of Paragraphs 3 to 5?A.Pelé's influence.B.Pelé's achievements.C.Pelé's personal develo pment.D.Pelé's international records.3.Why was the war in Nigeria suspended for two days?A.Nigerians were fed up with wars.B.Pelé refused to play soccer unless the war was stopped.C.Nigerians didn't want to injure Pelé.D.People wanted to see Pelé's g ame.4.What do we know about Pelé?A.Growing up in a soccer family influences him a lot.B.He is a selfless and generous player.C.He has a talent for soccer and practices a lot.D.He received professional training at age 15.4、When I was in fourth grade, I worked part-time as a paperboy. Mrs. Stanley was one of my customers. She’d watch me coming down her street, and by the time I’d biked up to her doorstep, there’d be a cold drink waiting. I’d sit and drink while she talked. M rs. Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband, “Mr. Stanley and I went shopping this morning,” she’d say. The first time she said that, soda went up my nose.I told my father how Mrs. Stanley talked as if Mr. Stanley were still alive. Dad said she was probably lonely, and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile, and maybe she’d work it out of her system. So that’s what I did, and it turned out Dad was right. After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery (墓地).I finally quit delivering newspapers and didn’t see Mrs. Stanley for several years. Then we crossed paths at a church fund-raiser. She was spooning mashedpotatoes and looking happy. Four years before, she’d had to offer her paperboy a drink to have someone to talk with. Now she had friends. Her husband was gone, but life went on.I live in the city now, and my paperboy is a lady named Edna with three kids. She asks me how I’m doing. When I don’t say “fine,” she sticks around to hear my problem s. She’s lived in the city most of her life, but she knows about community. Community isn’t so much a place as it is a state of mind. You find it whenever people ask how you’re doing because they care, and not because they’re getting paid to do so. Sometim es it’s good to just smile, nod your head and listen.1.Why did soda go up the author’s nose one time?A.He was talking fast.B.He was shocked.C.He was in a hurry.D.He was absent-minded.2.Why did the author sit and listen to Mrs. Stanley?A.He enjoyed the drink.B.He wanted to be helpful.C.He took the chance to rest.D.He tried to please his dad.3.Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “work it out of her system” in Paragraph 2?A.Recover from her sadness.B.Move out of the neighborhood.C.Turn to her old friends.D.Speak out about her past.4.What does the author think people in a community should do?A.Open up to others.B.Depend on each other.C.Pay for others’ help.D.Care about one another.5、 Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-be to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location (位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town,” he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater has shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.1.In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?A.It made room for new equipment.B.It signaled the closedown of the theater.C.It was done with the help of the audience.D.It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.2.Why was The Last Picture Show put on?A.It was an all-time classic.B.It was about the history of the town.C.The audience requested it.D.The theater owner found it suitable.3.What will probably happen to the building?A.It will be repaired.B.It will be turned into a museum.C.It will be knocked down.D.It will be sold to the city government.4.What can we infer about the audience?A.They are disappointed with Bradford.B.They are sad to part with the old theater.C.They are supportive of the city officials.D.They are eager to have a shopping center.6、Homeless for 30 years, Mick gets tips by playing at a BART station in the Bay Area and begging along the highway. That's where Jacob Swalwell caught up with him last year. He warned Mick several times to stop.Swalwell said, "When I got closer, I realized he was a senior citizen. I wanted to know how come he was not on social security. It turned out that he couldn't get it because he couldn't even get an ID." Even with Swalwell’s resources at the Alameda County Sheriff's Department, it took three separate trips to get an identification card. His persistence paid off. Mick is now on Medicaid and has applied for social security benefits.But Mick's fresh start was just beginning. Private investigator Mark Askins from Miracle Messages, a nonprofit organization devoted to reconnecting the homeless with their loved ones, heard of Mick s story, and he wanted to help out. Using the little in-formation provided, Askins was able to find Mick's birth mother Polly living roughly 250 miles away in Eureka, California. "She was just so anxious to see him and talk to him. " Askins said.Polly didn't have an easy life either. After leaving her husband, she was a teenage mom struggling to support three kids. Mick was sick and needed surgery whenhe was 2 years old, so Polly gave him up for adoption to her mother's friend who could afford to give him the help he needed.Swalwell and Mark Askins arranged for Mick to fly to meet the mother who gave him up 65 years ago and the family he had never known. Polly's home is ready to embrace Mick.Polly has invited Mick to live with her in Eureka, but he's hesitant to move away from the area where he has spent his whole life. For now, he's working on gettinga car and promises to go back and visit her as often as possible.1.What did Swalwell do for Mick?A.He gave Mick much money.B.He helped Mick get his ID card.C.He collected resources to care for Mick.D.He offered Mick social security benefits.2.Why did Polly abandon Mick?A.She wanted to help her friend adopt a child.B.He was going to die of a serious illness.C.She felt it was too busy to raise three children.D.She desired to give him a chance to cure his illness.3.How old is Mick now?A.67 years old.B.65 years old.C.32 years old.D.30 years old.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.A homeless man lived a normal lifeB.Two kind people helped a sick manC.Acts of kindness led to a family reunionD.Great love contributed to the last meeting答案1、1.D; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A解析：1.推理判断题。

科技类1、 Whether you own a small or large business, it's important that you apply technology to business. This calls for you to have high speed Internet in your business. You also need to have a very effective telephone line. The reason for this is due to the benefits that come with technology.Communication is very important in business. The business world has become very competitive, thus employees need to communicate with clients fast and effectively. Communication is not only important when working with clients,but also important when working with other employees. For example, sales representatives and technicians don,t have to return to the office in order to know their next tasks. They can simply make phone calls or send emails. To make your business more modern, you should consider having a social media account.Through technology,employees from different locations are able to interact(互动) and they not only talk about business,but also personal issues. This ensures that there is a healthy working environment, which plays a huge role in increasing the productivity of the employees.IT experts have come up with many advanced software programs that allow your business to keep its records in an organized manner. The records can be on raw materials, suppliers,clients, and finances. These programs remove manual(手工的) record keeping, which not only aids in improving the working efficiency(工作效率), but also aids in removing human errors.If you don’t have a large office space, you can ask your empl oyees to work at home and send you the necessary documents via email. As a business manager, you don’t have to travel in order to hold a business meeting as you can do it over the Internet.These are some of the benefits that come with technology. You should note that although technology is of great importance in the professional environments you need to manage it properly so that it’s not misused by employees.（1）The example in Paragraph 2 proves that _______.A.the employees are busy working every daymunication skill is important in businessC.the business world has become very competitiveD.technology makes communication more convenient（2）Paragraph 3 shows the technology's influence on _______.A.business cultureB.researchC.locationsD.record keeping（3）Which of the following words can best describe the advanced software programs?A.Cheap and useful.B.Easy to be operated.C.Time-saving and accurate.D.Popular in the business world.（4）According to Paragraph 5, what's the advantage of technology?A.It gives employees chances to travel.B.It helps businesses save on resources.C.It improves the salaries of the workers.D.It brings businessmen more opportunities.2、 Weather could power the next generation of smart windows. Researchers have created glass by harvesting energy from wind and precipitation(降水).The approach offers an alternative to other smart windows powered by batteries, solar panels, and even standard power outlets. “The creation represents a new kind of renewable energy source”, says Liming Dai, a nanomaterial engineer at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, who was not involved in the research.Smart glass, which changes its characteristics to block out light or heat, has been around for decades. Common examples include glare-fighting rearview(后视) car mirrors and windows that change color for en ergy savings and privacy. But many are expensive, and people are still looking for eco-friendly ways to power the windows. Batteries and plug-in outlets aren’t apparently “green”,and built-in solar panels can cloud or hide parts of the glass.In experiments, the glass produced up to 130 milliwatts per square meter, enough to power a pacemaker or a smart phone while it’s asleep,the team reported online last month in ACS Nano. This output might suit many applications,such as being a power source for home or office electronics, says co-developer and scientist Zhong Wang of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta Since their first project in 2012, a light-up sidewalk powered by footsteps, he and his colleagues have miniaturized their generators to create every thing from self-cleaning keyboards to sensors for security systems.But Wang and colleagues still have more work to do before this smart glass is ready for commercialization. Now, the glass has no way to store the energy it creates. To solve this problem, Dai says, transparent supercapacitors(超级电容器) could be placed into the glass without decreasing visibility.For now, the team wants to improve the energy efficiency of their nanogenerators. These tiny power plants can convert about 60% of the mechanical energy that they encounter into electricity. “The output power is a constant goal,” Wang says. “Free energy surrounds us, and anything can happen if you t ake control of it."（1）What is unique about the smart glass?A.It can protect privacy.B.It is more expensive.C.It is powered by weather.D.It can block out light and heat.（2）What is the main idea of paragraph 3?A.The research history of Zhong Wang.B.The experimental process of Zhong Wang.C.The research theory of Zhong Wang’s team.D.The experimental findings of Zhong Wang's team.（3）What is the drawback of the smart glass?A.It cannot suit the supercapacitors.B.It cannot keep its produced electricity.C.It cannot power a smart phone.D.It cannot change its color according to weather.（4）Which of the following best explains “convert” underlined in the last paragraph?A.Transform.B.Consume.C.Waste.D.Reserve.3、New App Helps People Remember FacesLarge gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution.The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 people.After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app's creators say it automatically deletes users’ data after an event.Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. Sh e cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app,they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someo ne’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, accordin g to the team behind the app.（1） SocialRecall is used to ________.A. take photosB. identify peopleC. organize eventsD. make friends（2） Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.A. how the app worksB. how the app was createdC. what makes the app popularD. what people can do with the app（3） SocialRecall helps people with prosopagnosia by ________.A. giving names to the photos kept in their smartphonesB. collecting information previously entered in the phoneC. providing the information of a person when they first meetD. showing the person’s information when it spots a stored face（4） What can we learn about SocialRecall from the passage?A. It may put people’s privacy at risk.B. It has caused unintended consequences.C. It can prevent some communication disorders.D. It is praised by users for its protective measures.4、 The Leaning Tower of Pisa(比萨斜塔) has never stood straight. The building’s lean has puzzled engineers for hundreds of years. Engineers began building the hell tower in Italy in 117（3） It took more than 200 years to finish. It was built on unexpectedly soft ground and the tower began to lean before it was done. The mistake has made the building one of the world’s strange sights.How can something so unstable last for hundreds of years? The tower has survived two world wars, millions of visitors, and four strong earthquakes.Engineering Professor George Mylonakis wanted to know why. He studied the ground beneath the building and looked at how soil affects the building and how well it stands up.Mylonakis and other engineers came up with an answer about the tower. The answer has to do with the soft ground under the tower. The engineers found other important reasons, too. The tower is very tall and is made of stone that makes it stiff. Its height and firniness combined with the softness of the foundation soil cause the vibrational(振动的) characteristics of the structure lo be improved considerably in such a way that the tower does not resonate(共振) with earthquake ground motion. So during an earthquake, the tower does not shake as much as the earth under it.Still, Mylonakis said the tower had almost fallen since it continued to lean more as the soft ground settled under it. In the early 1990s, it was in real danger of falling and the Italian government closed the tower to visitors and started to save it. Crews gradually began to take out small amounts of soil from the high north side. With less soil under it, that side of the tower sank slightly. Engineers also fixed equipment that allows them to make adjustments to the water pressure beneath the tower, further controlling how much the tower leans.The building still leans. It just leans a bit less than before. Most importantly, the tower is no longer in danger. JohnBurland worked on the project to save the tower. He said it is highly unlikely that the soft ground under the tower will cause it to fall and only a very large earthquake would knock down the tower. （1）Why did George Mylonakis study the leaning Tower of Pisa?A.To find out why it leans.B.To explore why it still stands.C.To call on people to save it.D.To research the soft ground under it.（2）What does the underlined word "stiff" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Shaky.B.Sinking.C.Solid.D.Splendid.（3）What measure was taken to save the tower in the early 1990s?A.Limit the number of visitors.B.Remove soil from two sides.C.Monitor the amount of soil water.D.Make the tower lower in the north.（4）What do John Burland's words suggest in the last paragraph?A.The tower is safe in most cases.B.The tower still leans in danger.C.The tower may fall due to the soft ground.D.The tower will stand even if large earthquakes hit.5、The United States will have more adults aged 65 and over than children by the year 2035, the U. S. Census Bureau says. The agency provides information about the U. S. population that as the American population ages, the demand for services and care for older adults is growing.SenCura is a company that provides non-medical at-home care for seniors in the northern Virginia area. Its services include help with bathing, transportation, getting dressed and planning and preparing meals. Hollie is one of SenCura's professional caregivers. She visits 88-year-old Olga Robertson's home every day for three hours. Robertson says she likes having Hollie’s help.But when Hollie is not around, Robertson still has a versatile caregiver—a robot named Rudy. She can have a conversation with him and he's somebody to talk to and can respond. Rudy also tells jokes, plays games and dances with Robertson. In addition to keeping Robertson mentally and physically active, Rudy provides contact with emergency services 24 hours a day. He looks for lost items, reminds Robertson about her doctor's appointments and tells her when it is time to take her medicine.Anthony Nunez is the founder of INF" Robotics, a new company that creates Kudy. He says the idea for the robotic caregiver was inspired by what his own mother lived through when his grandmother got older. "As I grew older, I realized we weren't theonly family facing this problem. So what I wanted to do was design a robot that's easy to use, designed specifically for seniors, but also affordable,'' he said.Rudy is not competition for human caregivers. He is there to help but cannot do all the things that caregivers do, like bathe and dress seniors. The robot Rudy adds to what in-home caregivers do for the growing population of seniors.（1）What can we learn about the information provided by the U. S. Census Bureau?A.The number of children will become larger.B.Adults will have to look after more children.C.There will be more seniors in need of services.D.The demand for caregivers will decrease.（2）What does the underlined word "versatile" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A.Easy-going.B.Multi-functional.C.Considerate.D.Flexible.（3）What can we infer about the robot Rudy?A.He will replace the caregivers.B.He is able to dress the seniors.C.He offers the seniors health care.D.He can help do additional work.（4）What is the main idea of the text?A.America is facing population problems.B.Caregivers are challenged by robots.C.A new company puts robots in seniors' homes.D.Seniors will get better sendees from caregive6、NASA has a new job listing, and it’s n o joke. The US space agency is looking for a “joker” to join their planned mission to Mars.A mission to Mars is no laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles (225 million kilometers) away from Earth. A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft. And Mars has a communications delay of 20 minutes.This means that astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply, when an emergency happens.“When you’re living with others in a confined space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems are likely to occur,” Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida, told the Guardian.This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. “These are people that have the ability to pu ll everyone together,” Johnson said.In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren’t alone. By laughing together, we share our stress. Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.There are other examples of team “clowns”. One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. It was a difficult journey, full of danger. Adolf Lindstrom, a cook at Amundsen’s team, was a “clown”. He made people laugh through the whole journey. Amundsen later wrote that Lindstrom was the most valuable member of the team.But if you’re hoping that your favorite TV comedian will fly to Mars, that probably won’t happen.“Being funny won’t be enough to land somebody the job,” Johnson said. “They also need to be an excelle nt scientist and engineer.”Besides, they must be in top physical condition.（1）What is NASA’s new job listing?A.A funny engineer.B.A talented clown.C.A good cook.D.A popular comedian.（2）What does “a confined space” in Paragraph 3 refer t o?A.A crowded space.B.An empty space.C.An open space.D.A small space.（3）How does the author think humor can help astronauts?A.It can stop them from feeling worried.B.It can encourage teamwork on a mission.C.It can help them feel less homesick.D.It can help them know themselves better.（4）What point does the author want to make with the example of the cook?A.What explorers eat on their journey is very important.B.An amateur can play a more important role than a professional.C.Humorous people can cheer people up in difficult situations.D.A mission to Mars is more difficult than a journey to the South Pole.5.What could be the best title of the passage?A.Keeping the Spirits UpB.A Mission to MarsC.A New Job Listing of NASAD.Humorous Astronauts in NASA答案1答案：（1）D; （2）A; （3）C; （4）B解析：（1）推理判断题。

科普知识类第一篇(2011?陕西卷)DEver since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, gentically mondified (GM, 转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the word,mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would ,is it the best solutiorr?Despite what it promiises,GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any corp. In fact Studies show that the most crown GM croo.GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report than analysed nearly two decades of research on mojor GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.Something else, however, has been on the rise, While GM seeds are expensive, GM companics tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides(杀虫剂). On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “ The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But nether is true,” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Farm Coalition.At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.As a matter of fact ,scientists see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green”farming is supposed to be the first choice.57.The author develops the second paragraph mainly . 【C】A. by classificationB. by comparisonC. by exampleD. by process58. What does the underlined word “boost ” in the third paragraph probably mean? 【D】A. Control.B. EvaluateC. Obtain.D. Increase.59. GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from _________. 【B】A. practicing “green” farmingB. use of less chemicalsC. fair distribution of their cropsD. using more crops for fuel60. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?【C】A. OptimisticB. DefensiveC. DisapprovingD. Casual科普知识类第二篇(2011?重庆卷)CGetting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children offtouching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.64. The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment.B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay inC. they believed disease could be spread in public bathsD. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease65.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?A. Afraid.B. Curious.C. Approving.D. Uninterested.66. How does the passage mainly develop?A. By providing examples.B. By making comparisons.C. By following the order of time.D. By following the order of importance.67. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To stress the role of dirt.B. To introduce the history of dirt.C. To call attention to the danger of dirt.D. To present the change of views on dirt.【答案】CA CD科普知识类第三篇(2011?湖南卷)CA recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) speciesThe discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant and African savanna elephantOnce they obtained DNA sequences (序列) from two fossils (化石)，mammoths and mastodons the team compared them with DNA from。

1、 A large male emperor penguin waddles(蹒跚行走) slowly across the ice to the water. He dives deep into the cold salt water and then springs back onto the ice. Nearby a female penguin sleeps as her baby rests on the top of her feet. The penguins are enjoying another beautiful day of sunshine and freezing temperatures in the Penguin Encounter, a special home built for them in sunny California.The Penguin Encounter is located at SeaWorld in San Diego. It was built to help study the emperor penguin,the l argest of all penguins. The emperor penguins’ natural home is in the Antarctic, near the South Pole. Increases in Earth’s temperatures could cause large amounts of ice to break up. Scientists feared that this drastic(剧烈的) change in the environment could destroy the emperor penguins’ nesting areas. This would cause the number of emperor penguins to greatly decrease. A new home for them seemed to be the perfect solution.Scientists wanted to make the Penguin Encounter a comfortable home for the black-and-white feathered birds. A team of scientists was sent to the Antarctic to learn more about the emperor penguins Scientist Frank Todd led the team. Todd is an expert on penguins. He has spent more than 25 years studying them.Getting close to the emperor penguins in the Antarctic wasn’t difficult for the group of scientists. Sometimes they would waddle close to Todd and his team. The scientists concluded that this behavior could be the result of poor eyesight. Penguins are nearsighted, which allows them to see better in the water than on land. Another possible reason for their behavior was that they had little to fear on the ice. Their enemies, such as leopard seals and killer whales,hunt mainly in the water.Todd and his team spent many months studying the diet and social habits of the emperor penguins. It was easy to get close to the penguins, but it wasn't easy to study them.In the Antarctic, the temperature rarely rises above zero degree, which is perfect for penguins, hut not for scientists. Once Todd and his team had finally gathered enough information, they made plans for a new home in California for a number of emperor penguins. Scientists hoped to study the birds in conditions that were more scientist-friendly. When the "new Antarctic" was completed, Todd and his team brought several hundred emperor penguins to California from the Antarctic. 1.Which of the following words can replace the underlined word in the first paragraph?A.Moves.B.Jumps.C.Holds.D.Flies.2.Why did scientists need to study penguins in the Antarctic before building the Penguin Encounter?A.They were afraid that the emperor penguins’ homes would be destroyed.B.They wanted the Penguin Encounter just to be like the emperor penguins' natural home.C.They wanted to see how the emperor penguins reacted to the rising temperatures.D.They knew it would take long to gather enough emperor penguins for the Penguin Encounter.3.Why do emperor penguins have little to fear on the ice?A.It is easy to see their enemies on the white ice.B.Their enemies usually hunt in the water.C.They can easily escape on the smooth ice.D.It is too cold for other animals to survive on the ice.4.The passage mainly emphasizes _______.A.scientists working as a team in the AntarcticB.a science team finding a way to stop global wanningC.how to protect the emperor penguins at Sea WorldD.scientists building a special home to learn more about the emperor penguins2、From the moment you open your eyes in the morning, you can feel sweat (汗水)running down your body, even if you're barely moving at all. That's what most people in China felt like this summer. In fact, the entire northern hemisphere(半球)saw high temperatures in July. The Arctic Circle(北极圈) was no exception(例外). Temperatures in the city of Norilsk, which is in the Arctic Circle, reached a record high of 32 ℃, The Atlantic reported. Temperatures there are usually just 10 ℃at this time of the year.The heat wave in the Arctic is mainly a long-term result of global warming, according to the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences. In fact, while the whole world is getting warmer, the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet. This is called the polar amplification effect（极地放大效应）.The most direct impact（影响）of Arctic warming is the melting of Arctic ice. According to NASA, Arctic sea ice is now disappearing at a rate of 13.2 percent every 10 years. NASA said that if this continues, the Arctic will have no ice by the year 2040. This has put some Arctic animals,like polar bears, in danger. The ice that the bears live on has shrunk(缩小), the Toronto Star reported.Melting ice can also cause sea levels to rise in the long term. Since 1993, sea levels have risen at a rate of 3.2 cm every 10 years, the Guardian reported. Some countries, such as Tuvalu（图瓦鲁）in the South Pacific Ocean and Maldives（马尔代夫）in the Indian Ocean, are at risk of disappearing into the sea.1. Which of the following is true?A. Some countries in the ocean will disappear in 10 years.B. China is the hottest in the northern hemisphere this summer.C. The temperatures in Norilsk used to be lower than this summer.D. The world gets warmer because of the heat wave in the Arctic.2. What does the underlined word "this" in the third paragraph refer to?A. The heat wave in the ArcticB. The result of global warmingC. Getting warmer in the worldD. The Arctic getting warm faster3. What may be the result of the melting of Arctic ice?A. The polar will become dangerousB. Sea levels rise in the long termC. There will be an end of water shortageD. There will be no ice in the world by 20404. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Heat hits ArcticB. Arctic animals are in dangerC. The world became hotter than beforeD. Some countries may disappear into the sea3、Why are photos and videos of cats high-fiving suddenly popping up on social media?Ask Jackson Galaxy, who launched Cat Pawsitive last year, a program that encourages animal shelters to teach cats how to do tricks to make them more attractive for adoption.The idea is simple. A kitty that can sit on command or give a high five shows that it can listen to instructions and connect with others. A high five can make a shy cat open up, Galaxy said.“Big life changes can lead to cats losing their conf idence, and we help those cats to feel more confident and to feel safe interacting with new people.” Christie Rogero, program manager for Cat Pawsitive, said.And Stephen Holdeman, training manager at the KC Pet Project, added: “All we need to train a cat to do tricks is the right amount of patience, timing and motivation.” He uses a technique called “operant conditioning (操作性条件反射)”, which associates a cat’s action with getting a reward such as a favorite food or treat.He also uses a clicker—a training dev ice that makes a clicking noise. “In the initial stage, we get the cat used to the idea that when it hears the sound of the clicker, one of its favorite treats appears. After we have bridged these two ideas together we can use the clicker to reinforcediff erent actions the cat does to let it know that if it repeats the action, it will get a treat.”After several repetitions, the cat starts to link everything together. Now all you need to do is let your extended hand be the target, and we’ve got a high five.1.According to the text, how can learning tricks benefit cats at animal shelters?A.It is a good way for shelters to raise money.B.It allows them to pick up skills to stay safe.C.It helps them interact more with each other.D.It helps them build confidence and get adopted.2.According to the text, what should be done from the start to train cats to learn tricks?A.Teaching them different actions.B.Teaching them how to use a clicker.C.Making them patient enough to repeat actions.D.Helping them connect the sound of a clicker with treats.3.What does the underlined word “reinforce” in paragraph 6 probably mean?A.recordB.strengthenC.ignoreD.reward4.What is the main purpose of the article?A.To explain how to train cats to perform tricks.B.To show how cats are treated at animal shelters.C.To describe the popularity of cats on social media.D.To inform us of a program that trains cats to do tricks.4、The majority of people on this planet live through ego(自我意识). They feel that they are themselves special, apart from the crowd in some way. Also, they aren't willing to acknowledgeother people's specialness, and feel that they are threatened by the people who are different from them.Besides, there are many different 'exclusive clubs' which people join under certain conditions, like Colour of skin clubs, Sports clubs, and so on. What many people fail to acknowledge, however, is that there is in fact only one club The Human Being club.Our diversity is what makes life interesting. I love watching people who dance or create music beautifully, draw out emotions through their acting skills, or are accomplished athletes. I also understand myself well enough to know that I don't have enough passion for any of these things to make the sacrifices necessary to come close to their level of excellence.I believe that it is human nature to communicate and cooperate with people who are like us, but what a lot of people see as 'like us' is narrowed down to very superficial(表面) characteristics.I remember my Jamaican friend's sister being most put out. She had been the only black woman in her company and then another black woman was employed. They were automatically put to work together because they were both black and obviously had a lot in common - so thought the employer! The truth was that they had nothing in common, didn't come from the same country and actively disliked each other. It's always a mistake to assume anything on a purely superficial basis.I have many friends who are members of a variety of the above mentioned clubs and each one of them has taught me so much about different cultures and life styles, and has enriched my life in the process. I encourage anyone to strike up a conversation with someone who doesn't look like them - you might be surprised at exactly how much you have in common.1.According to the first two paragraphs people tend to _________.A.feel they are specialB.feel they are lack of egoC.admit others are specialD.admit only one club exist2.How is the Paragraph 3 mainly developed?A.By analyzing causes.B.By setting an example.C.By giving a description.D.By making comparisons.3.The author mentioned his Jamaican friend’s sister to show ___________.A.black women have a lot in common indeedB.it is human nature to cooperate with peopleC.people understand “like us” in a narrow wayD.people often make mistakes in judging others4.What does the author advise people to do in the last paragraph?A.To enrich their own life.B.To join an exclusive club.C.To talk to different people.D.To experience different life.5、People generally like to feel happy, but achieving a state of happiness takes time and effort. Aekyoung Kim of Rutgers University in the U.S. and Sam Maglio of the University of Toronto Scarborough in Canada have conducted four studies in which they studied how the pursuit of happiness as well as the state of being happy influenced people’s perception (看法) of time.In the studies, some participants were either instructed to list things that would make them happier or asked to try to make themselves feel happy while watching a boring movie about building bridges, thus showing happiness as a goal to pursue. The other participants came to think of happiness as a goal that they had already accomplished, achieved by watching a comedy or listing things showing that they were already happy. Afterwards, all participants reported how much free time they felt they had.The researchers’ main finding showed that a person’s perception of time scarcity (缺乏) is influenced by their pursuit of (often unattainable) happiness. The feeling that time was scarce became less strong for participants who said that they had attained their goal of being happy to some degree.“Time seems to disappear during the pursuit of happiness, but only when it’s seen as a goal requiring continued pursuit,” explain the researchers. “This finding suggests that the pursuit of happiness can destroy well-being.” According to the researchers, the finding implies that while happiness can hurt positive emotions, it need not necessarily do so. Instead, if someone believes they have achieved happiness, they are left with the time to appreciate this. The research further explains that people have different concepts about happiness, which in turn may well influence how they perceive the time they have to achieve happiness.“Because going through experiences and sharing feelings require more time compared with only, for example, buying material goods, feeling that time is lacking also leads people to prefer material possessions rather th an enjoying pleasant experiences,” the researchers continue. “Encouraging people to worry less about pursuing happiness as a never-ending goal might just end up giving them more time and, in turn, more happiness.”1.The tasks given to the two groups of participants differ in __________.A.how they spent their free timeB.how they drew up shopping listsC.what kind of movies interested themD.whether they had acquired happiness2.We can infer from the finding in Paragraph 4 that __________.A.happiness is determined by timeB.happiness is a matter of choiceC.happiness is a never-ending goalD.happiness can hurt positive emotions3.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A.Will time-saving tasks make you happier?B.Is emotion management training necessary?C.Can pursuing happiness make you unhappy?D.Should you express your unhappiness in hard times?6、A culture's values can be mirrored by its humor.Humor has been evaluated by many great minds such as Thomas Hobbes,who disliked humor,"Laughter is nothing else but sudden glory arising from some sudden thought of feeling far better than others."He thought humor to be a negative quality of human narrow-mindedness.However, Mordechai Gordon,PhD of Education,insists,"Humor allows us to view the world from an angle that is amusing rather than serious."I agree with Gordon.Learning to look at the world through humour is important.In the United States,every four years an election occurs.Without humor as a way to express their feelings,how else would Americans keep from clawing their eyes out and going the way of lemming? Television shows like“The Daily Show”have become important parts of American culture.They are mothering the masses by metaphorically airplane-ing politics into our mouths.They make politics fun.Of course,politics is only one type of humor.Social humor helps people through the twists andturns of the human condition.American pop culture promotes an unhealthy self-image.On the topic of self-image,Hari Kondabolu stands out.He has a joke about the popular musical group“The Pussycat Dolls”,describing their hit song"Don't Cha”as a negative representation of women.He points out an obvious offence in American culture.A study from Loyola University of Maryland has shown that humor is one determining factor for selecting a mating partner.Amongst other things,mates look for an outstanding funny bone in apotential partner.Of course,humor is not always used for good purposes.Humor can be linked to vulgarity and racism,but,like everything else,it has potential to unite human beings by allowing us to laugh at ourselves,our failures and our connection with one another.Though life may seem tough and depressing at times,all I have to do is look in the mirror at my increased wrinkles to know that there is a comedy out there that even Chaplin wasn't aware of.With that in mind,remember to laugh with humanity and sometimes at humanity.1.Hobbes believed that humor___________.A.was only a way to laugh at others to make oneself feel betterB.resulted in narrow-mindedness of human beingsC.had the power to mirror personal glory and national valuesD.was for people to view the world from another angle2.What is the author's attitude towards political humor?A.Worried.B.Disappointed.C.Curious.D.Appreciative.3.The fourth paragraph is developed mainlyA.by exampleB.by processC.by comparisonD.by classification4.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A.Chaplin wasn't aware of being laughed at.B.The author feels helpless and sad about getting older.C.Never be the one who laughs at other people.D.The author is determined to face life with a sense of humor.7、Sharks use their good sense of smell to search for prey(猎物). But a new study shows that the rising levels of carbon dioxide in the ocean could reduce sharks' ability to find food. It's bad news for a healthy ocean. Sharks are top predators(掠食动物) and are like the ocean’s weed controllers.Dixson works at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts. Her earlier work has shown that clown fish in acidifying(酸化的) water act strangely. “We want to expand thisresearch to sharks because we know how important it is for sharks to find their food through their sense of smell," said Dixson.Her team started by placing sharks in each of three different pools for five days. Each pool had a different level of carbon dioxide in it. The first had the same amount as today s ocean water. The second had a level of carbon dioxide that scientists expect to reach by 2050. The third pool had the highest level of carbon dioxide that could develop by the year 2100.Sharks weren't allowed to eat any food while in the pools. This made sure that they would be hungry. Then, Dixson released the sharks—one at a time—into a pool with two side-by-side streams of flowing water. In one stream, the researchers pumped water, in which a dead squid had been overnight. This water smelled strongly of squid. The other stream contained ocean water with no scent(气味). Because each stream flowed at the same rate and in the same direction, the squid smell stayed in its stream. The sharks could choose to swim in either stream.Sharks that had been swimming for five days in pools of regular ocean water spent more than 60 percent of their time in the squid-scented stream. The same was true for sharks that had been in water with the carbon dioxide level that could develop by the year 2050. But sharks exposed to the highest level of carbon dioxide spent just 15 percent of their time in the squid-scented stream.1.Why did the writer mention the sharks’ smell at the beginning of the passage?A.Because the writer appreciates its ability to find food.B.Because the writer considers it dangerous to human beings.C.Because the writer intends to show how to control weed in the ocean.D.Because the writer worries about the sharks in the ocean.2.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A.What the ocean in the future will be like.B.Who helped Dixson conduct the study.C.What kinds of pools were used during the study.D.What the levels of carbon dioxide will be at in the ocean in the future.3.The researchers pumped water where a dead squid had been overnight to _________.A.help the sharks look for foodB.test the sharks’ sense of smellC.prove that sharks like eating squidsD.explain why carbon dioxide in the ocean affects sharks4.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggest?A.Sharks like the squid-scented stream better.B.Sharks like the stream with the high level of carbon dioxide.C.Sharks spent 15% of their time in the squid-scented stream.D.The high level of carbon dioxide can affect the sharks’ ability to smell.8、 Today, many people use plants from other places to design their yards. Well, do they have any influence on animals living nearby? As we know, plants supply food for things like insects and plant-eating animals. In turn, birds and meat-eating animals feed on these insects andplant-eating animals. It is easy to see how important plants are.Although foreign plants may look beautiful, they can cause problems when there are too many of them. I live in Virginia, USA, and sometimes see a plant—commonly known as Kudzu —that seems to cover everything in the area, even climbing over whole trees and houses.Kudzu is an unbelievable plant since it grows very fast. It was first brought to the United States from south-east Asia around the 1870’s as a crop that farmers could grow. However, Kudzu quickly came to be considered harmful throughout the southern United States.Since Kudzu grows fast in many different environments, it can completely cover areas of land quickly. The plant is also not eaten by any insects or birds in the United States so it can grow unchecked. Kudzu can cover trees, bushes, and even houses. It costs the United States 500 million dollars a year to just keep Kudzu from growing too fast. The plant is a perfect example of what scientists call an invasive (侵略性的) species, which grows more quickly than other native plants. All foreign plants have the possibility to spread quickly. Not only are they costly, but planting them in gardens actually takes away food from insects. If everyone filled their garden with plants native to where they live, many lovely butterflies and other native creatures would be attracted to their backyards! So, take a look out of your window — how does your garden grow?1.We can learn from the text that Kudzu in Virginia _______.A.is very popularB.is difficult to growC.can cause big troubleD.can make air cleaner2.Which of the following is TRUE of Kudzu?A.It served as food at first in America.B.It came to America in the early 19th century.C.It grows fast in Asia, but slowly in America.D.It is often eaten by insects or birds in America.3.How does the author sound when telling of these foreign plants?A.Sad.B.Worried.C.Proud.D.Excited.4.What does the author mainly discuss in the text?A.Everyone should learn to love nature.B.It is a hard job to grow plants in yards.C.Gardening has become a serious hobby.D.It is important to say no to foreign plants.9、If you have ever had a cat, or have watched one of the many funny cat videos online, you’ll know that cats have a mind of their own. A lot of the things they do are hard to understand—they like to climb up tall furniture, fit themselves in small spaces and attack small objects for no reason at all.Now scientists have managed to figure out what exactly is going on in the brains of our little friends. According to Tony Buffington, a professor at Ohio State University in the US, cats’ strange behavior largely comes from their way of life back in the wild. “Cats today still have many of the same instincts(本能) that allowed them to live in the wild for millions of years.” he said in a TED Talk. “To them, our homes are their jungles.”In the wild, cats are hunters. Their bodies and great balancing abilities allow them to climb to high spots to better look at the environment. Even though they don’t have to hunt anymore in human houses, they still keep the old habit of viewing the living room from, for example, the top of the refrigerator.Cats’ hunting instinct is also what makes them attack small things like keys and USB drives. In the wild, they hunt whatever they can get, and most of the animals they kill are small.However, cats can also be prey. This explains why they like to stay in small spaces like drawers or washing machines—they are hiding, or they think they are hiding, from more dangerous animals. This is also why cats prefer a clean box: a smelly one could easily show enemies where they are.Knowi ng how cats’ minds work is not only useful for better understanding them. It may also help cats’ owners to better meet cats’ needs. For example, owners could try to make climbing easier for cats by moving their furniture around. They could also use “food puzzles” to make eating feel more like hunting instead of just giving food to the cats.1.According to Tony Buffington, .A.cats’ strange behavior is hard for people to understandB.cats are more used to living in the wild than in humans’ homesC.cats behave strangely mainly because of some instincts in the wildD.cats’ instincts are as helpful to them today as they were millions of year ago2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?A.Cats like to climb up high because they want to hide from dangerous animalsB.Cats attack keys and USB drives because they have a habit of hunting small animalsC.Cats enjoy staying in small spaces because they usually live in small caves in the wildD.Cats’ preference for a clean box probab ly has something to do with their hunting instincts3.The underlined word “prey” in Paragraph 5 probably means .A.an animal that is too lazyB.an animal that likes hiding gamesC.an animal that keeps itself cleanD.an animal that is hunted4.This article is mainly written to .A.explore the reasons behind cats’ strange behaviorB.describe cats’ past wild experience to readersC.tell cat owners how to make life easier for catspare cats’ behavior in human homes with that in the wild10、Runners who encounter visual and auditory(听觉的) distractions may be more likely to suffer leg injuries, according to research by the Association of Academic Physiatrists in Las Vegas. Runners often seek distractions from the task at hand. Whether it is music, texting, daydreaming, taking in the sights,or propping a book up on the treadmill(跑步机),more often than not a distraction is welcome. But, researchers from the University of Florida have recently discovered that those distractions may lead to injury.Daniel Herman, MD, assistant professor at the University of Florida, and his team conducted research on the effects of visual and auditory distractions on 14 runners to determine what effect these distractions would have on things such as the heart rate, how many times a runner breathes per minute and how much oxygen is consumed by the body.The runners were all injury-free at the time of the study and ran 31 miles each week. Dr. Herman^ team had each participant run on a treadmill three separate times. The first time was without any distractions. The second time added a visual distraction, during which the runnersconcentrated on2 a screen displaying different letters in different colors with the runners having to notice when a specific letter-color combination appeared. The third time added an auditory distraction similar to the visual distraction, with the runners having to notice when a particular word was spoken by a particular voice.When compared to running without distractions, the participants had faster application of force to their left and right legs, called the loading rate, with auditory and visual distractions. They also experienced an increased amount of force from the ground on both legs, called ground reaction force, with auditory distractions. Finally, the runners tended to breathe heavier and had higher heart rates with visual and auditory distractions than without any distractions at all.“ Running in environments with different distractions may unfavorably affect running performance and injury risk," explains Dr. Herman. "Sometimes these things cannot be avoided, but you may be able to minimize potentially cumulative(累积的) effects. For example,when running a new route in a chaotic environment such as during a marathon, you may want to skip listening to something which may require more attention—like a new playlist."Dr. Herman’s team will continue to investigate the potential relationship between distracted running and leg injuries, and any effect this relationship has on different training techniques that use auditory or visual cues.1.Paragraph 2 tells us the research ______.A.processB.questionsC.resultsD.reflection2.Based on the research, runners with auditory distractions tended to ____.A.breathe heavier and have lower heart ratesB.gain a faster speed with slower loading ratesC.apply more force with less oxygen consumptionD.get an increased amount of ground reaction force3.What can we infer from the passage?A.Running with distractions becomes uncommon nowadays.B.Listening to a new song while running guarantees performance.C.Runners are advised to minimize distractions in a destination of marathon.D.Runners are more likely to get injured in an environment without distractions.4.What is probably the next task for Dr. Herman's team?。

社会现象类1、Are you familiar with the greeting, "Can I add you on WeChat?” It seems like every time we meet new friends or colleagues nowadays, the first thing that springs to mind is adding each other on the app. Nevertheless, more than 80 percent of WeChat users report feeling stressed or anxious when they receive a large number of messages, according to a study done recently by the app's developer Tencent. In other words, WeChat can overwhelm(使应接小暇) us,while also breaking down the boundaries between our work and private lives.Just think how easy it is now for bosses to hand out assignments during the holiday, so long as they have your WeChat contact. When you're at the cinema enjoying a romantic movie or having a barbecue in the backyard, you can never cut yourself off from the outside world unless you switch off your phone. Not to post something in WeChat Moments before replying to your boss first!Apart from interrupting your leisure time, WeChat can also reduce your productivity at work. For many office workers, logging in to WeChat on their computers at the start of the day has become routine. But what if browsing the Moments distracts us from doing the work? The app steals our time without us even noticing it, making us have the false belief that we are busy all the time.And as if that weren’t bad enough,there’re the “one-off” friends who take up space on our WeChat friend list. A handy way to check how many one-off friends you have is to take a look at your chat history with them. Sometimes, you only sent the initial friend requests so you could invite them to a WeChat group or inform them of something for your boss. Yet still, as your friend count(好友数量) ever goes up, it can make you feel the need to post selfies and share details of your life in your Moments, just so you can stay up to date.With WeChat , all our spare time is swallowed up by the constant torrent of messages and our attention keeps getting diverted by Moments and pop-up ads. So it’s time that we should do something to nip this problem in the bud.1.What is most of WeChat users' reaction when receiving a mass of messages?A.They are quite upset.B.They think it’s unavoidable.C.They break down.D.They complain about Tencent.2.Which of the following may make your boss angry according to Paragraph 2?A.Enjoying a movie at the weekend.B.Posting something in WeChat Moments.C.Having a barbecue on vacation.D.Ignoring the assignment he handed out when seeing it.3.How can we decide who is the one-off friend on our WeChat friend list?A.By checking if you sent the initial friend request.B.By seeing if your boss asked you to inform him of something.C.By having a look at your chat record.D.By counting the number of your friends on the list.4.What can be a suitable title for this text?A.Is WeChat becoming a necessity in our life?B.Are We What friend requests ruining your life?C.Does your boss want to be your WeChat friend?D.Is it better to have more WeChat friends?2、Russian police have started a new attempt to get drivers to slow down at zebra crossings by having painted horses as zebras walk across on the busiest streets in some of the big cities in an attempt to improve road safety and raise awareness among Russia’s notoriously (臭名昭著地) careless drivers.The light grey horses, painted with black stripes, carried signs on their backs reading: “Careful, children are on their way to school.” The police sent the “zebras” to several different locations in the Russian capital, where officials in orange vests walked them over zebra crossings and handed out leaflets (传单) to passing drivers.Some held up rainbow-coloured umbrellas over the painted animals to protect them from the rain. Russian roads are notoriously dangerous and drivers still rarely take the initiative (主动采取措施) to avoid pedestrians. Nearly half of all traffic accidents in the country’s big cities are caused by cars hitting pedestrians, and a third of those occur on crossings, according to traffic police figures published last month.In the first six months of this year, 378 people were killed and more than 6, 600 injured on pedestrian crossings in Russia, according to police. In Moscow alone, 43 people were killed, including two children.Though police officials said that only safe paint would be used on the animals, animal rights activists still disagreed with the idea, accusing the police of “treating animals like garbage”.“Children understand that paints are bad for animals,” the Interfax news agency quoted president of Vita animal rights group Irina Novozhilova as saying.Let’s hope this part of the campaign is over and animals are left out of future attempts to raise pedestrians’ awareness.1.Why do Moscow police have “zebras” walk across on the busiest streets?A.To make a call on protecting animals.B.To remind people zebras are in danger of extinction.C.To tell people it is dangerous to cross streets.D.To raise drivers’ awareness of road safety.2.What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The zebras.B.The horses.C.The policemen.D.The drivers.3.From the text we can learn that ________.A.most Russian drivers have realized the seriousness of the problemB.Russian drivers often ignore traffic lightsC.Russian drivers seldom give way to pedestriansD.the driving skills of Russian drivers are bad4.What do animal rights activists think of the new attempt?A.Drivers must slow down at pedestrian crossings.B.These animals are ill-treated by the police.C.The paints used on the horses are safe.D.Road safety should be improved.5.Wh ich word can best describe the author’s attitude towards the campaign?A.Critical.B.Reserved.C.Doubtful.D.Positive.3、The United States is observing Labor Day，a day set aside to honor U. S. workers and their contributions to the country's economy.In the 1880’s，there was a push to recognize the U. S. worker，who back then was likely to be working at least 12 hours a day, six days a week, with a paltry salary. Even children as young as five were often part of a factory’s dingy landscape. Health care benefits were unheard of.One by one, states drafted and passed legislation that set aside a day to honor the contributions of the common worker. On June 28，1884，Congress passed an act designating the first Monday in September of each year as Labor Day，making it a national holiday.In recent years, labor unions have seen their membership dwindle with the growth of technology and the globalization of the world economy. However，the workers’ benefits unions fought for decades ago are now customary (习惯的）in most U. S. workplaces，including the eight-hour work day，five-day work weeks, health care insurance and vacations paid for by employers.In keeping with the original intent of the holiday, some U. S. cities continue to stage parades honoring trade and labor unions，and hold festivities for the recreation and amusement of the workers and their families.However, most workers in the U. S. have the day off and spend time with their families? gathering for backyard cookouts or trips to parks and beaches.Labor Day has become known as the unofficial end of summer since schools usually reopened from summer vacation after Labor Day. But now，more and more schools are reopening in August.1.In 1880’s，the U. S. workers might _________.A.have improved their living condition a lotB.not receive their rewards they deservedC.be basically adults who were over 18 years oldD.have had well-organized health care benefits2.What’s the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 4?A.Increase.B.Unite.C.Rise.D.Reduce.3.Which of the following is NOT the benefits the benefit unions fight for the workers?A.Eight-hour work day.B.Five-day work weeks.C.Unpaid vacations.D.Health care insurance.4.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.In recent years, the workers’ benefits unions still work hard for workers.B.The number of the labor unions has decreased a lot.C.There are varieties of celebrations for workers in the cities of U. S.D.Most of the workers love joining in the festival when they are available.4、While many countries love their tea,UKcitizens are particularly proud of being “tea people”. The averageUKcitizen consumes nearly 2 kilograms of tea each year.Tea only made its way toEnglandin large quantities in the first years of the 17th century. Tea fromChinaand a few other Asian countries was being sold more widely inEnglandat that time. Then tea was getting more and more popular among different social classes.There are many varieties of tea. Black tea mixtures are still the most common type drunk in theUK. Black tea is dark in colour, because the leaves have been allowed to oxidize (氧化) before drying. This is why we usually serve it with milk, although it is not uncommon to drink it black or with lemon. You may still find tea made with loose tea leaves, served up in a pot, and poured into the best china cups with saucers (茶托) for visitors.Tea is still a large part of daily life in theUKtoday, but it seems to be on the decrease. The amount of tea sold in the UK fell by more than 10% in the five years leading up to 2002, and has been dropping ever since. Tea sales fell by 6% in 2014 alone, and most restaurants report selling more than twice as many cups of coffee as they do tea. More than ￡1 billion was spent on coffee in high street stores in 2013, more than twice what was spent on tea bags.Still, what goes around comes around; it’s sure to become fashionable again.1.Which of the following is true according to the first three paragraphs?A.Tea made its way to England in the early years of the 16th century.B.The UK usually serves black tea with lemon.C.Tea from China was being sold more widely in England now. citizens take pride in being “tea people”.2.What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?A.Tea sales fell by 6% in 2014 alone.B.Since 2002, the sales of tea has been on the decreaseC.In 2013, the money spent on tea was ￡3 billionD.Most restaurant like selling tea than coffee.3.What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph?A.It can never succeed againB.The tea can become popular againC.Coffee is more popular than teaD.The tea is becoming less popular4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To introduce tea in the UKB.To show the author’s preference for teaC.To introduce the functions of teaD.To compare tea in China and UK5、Recently a creative advertisement displaying the deep love between an overseas student and his parents has stirred up a debate on Chinese social media, with many criticizing China’s younger generation of being spoiled and too dependent.In the ad, which was created by Chins Merchants Bank to promote its credit card for overseas students, a Chinese student named Lan overcomes the initial “fresh-off-the-boat” feeling and starts to make friends with local American students. Deciding to make some stir-fried tomatoes and eggs, a popular Chinese dish, to impress his foreign friends, Lan asks his parents in China for help. Despite the 12-hour time difference, the parents wake up at 4 am to make a how-to-video for their son.The ad has been viewed over 1.2 million times since it was posted online on Thursday, and has received mixed reactions from Chinese netizens.Some called it a heart-wrenching demonstration of parental love, sharing their own moving moments with their parents.“When I studied abroad, my mother also taugh t me how to cook delicious dishes over the Internet, so that I would not starve and could enjoy my life in a foreign country, “wrote a netizen on Sina Weibo, adding that the ad brought her to tears.Others showed a different opinion, criticizing the parents for spoiling the boy."Chinese parents spoil their children. I think it’s heartless and not touching to wake your parents up in the middle of the night just to satisfy your vanity to impress others. Such parental love would only destroy a child, rather than make him/her independent,” wrote a netizen."I think the boy is dumb to ask his parents for help, as a casual online search of the recipe can offer at least 6 million results. Spoiling your child is not love, it’s called connivance(纵容),” noted another netizen.1.What does the creative advertisement lead to on Chinese social media?A.A great economic interest.B.A great increase in credit card sales.C.A hot topic on social morality.D.A heated debate on Chinese family education.2.According to paragraph 2, Lan called his parent at ________ in American time.A.8:00 amB.20:00 pmC.16:00 pmD.4:00 am3.What is the first netizen’s attitude towards the story in the ad on Sina Weibo?A.Ambiguous.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Sympathetic.4.What’s the best title o f the text?A.Controversial Ad Draws Mixed Reaction from Chinese Public.B.How to Make a Popular Chinese Dish.C.The Current Situation of Chinese Netizens.D.Arguments on China’s Advertisement Business.6、Something happens to many children when they are out of school over the summer months.It is called the“summer slide”.It is when children forget much of what they learned during the latest school year.To fight its effects,students have to do much homework over the summer and parents may send children to camp or find other activities to keep them learning.However,experts say keeping children busy all the time is not good for them.Lea Waters,an expert on human behavior,says slowing down actually helps children become the best they can be.“It’s a little bit l ike,if you have too many programs running on your computer,your computer starts to slow down.When you shut down those programs,your computer speeds up again.”Machines need to be reset,while kids need to goof off.“What I mean by goofing off is really allow ing kids to have some downtime,where they’re not focused on aspecific task,they just do what they’re interested in.”She adds,“It not just decides what information to put into memory or get rid of.It’s also an essential network to develop emotional intelli gence,to improve the memory…”Parents often mean well by wanting to keep their child busy.But the result is often a tired child with an overcrowded schedule,which means the opposite effect the parents are hoping for.“If you’re constantly on task in the end it doesn’t help to build up strength as effectively as you might think.”Lea Waters says she hopes parents will accept the fact that children don’t have to be busy all the time.1.Who might be the intended readers of this passage?A.Children.B.Parents.C.Teachers.D.Researchers.2.What do the underlined words“goof off”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Have off hours.B.Wander around.C.Hold on.D.Speed up.3.How do students usually deal with summer slide?A.Doing what interests them.B.Going sightseeing for relaxation.C.Focusing on a specific learning task.D.Helping with housework.4.What does Lea Waters think of parents keeping children busy over the summer?A.It is a good way to fight summer slide effect.B.It will help their children to focus on a specific task.C.It develops their children’s emotional intelligence.D.It will not work out effectively as expected.答案1、1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B解析：1.细节理解题。

政治经济类1、Martin Lewis explained you might be owed tens of thousands, as long as you claim(索赔) before August 2019. He revealed on Good Morning Britain that a new method of Payment Protection Insurance (PPI) reclaiming known as the Plevin ruling meant many more people could receive compensation than ever before.He said, "News this week reported that banks could have to pay out £18 billion more in PPI, after a judge in Manchester County Court ruled that a couple Mr. and Mrs. Doran, should receive all of the 76 percent commission(提成) they paid on their PPI policy rather than just the amount over 50 percent plus interest."This is all about the newest type of PPI reclaiming called the Plevin. If the lender didn't tell you the commission it was receiving for selling PPI, then the regulator has said if the commission was over 50%, you should get back the amount above that (the typical amount was 66% so many are owed just for this alone).However, he warned you need to act fast to put in a claim, with the period to do so ending in summer next year. “We’re now only a little hit more than a year away from the deadline for PPI reclaiming—the last time to put a claim in is August 2019."He said, "So anyone who has had a loan, credit or store card, catalogue account, overdraft or car finance ever should check if you were sold the extra insurance and if you were you should look to reclaim it. You don't need to pay anyone to do it because there's free help online. You can use Martin s free PPI reclaiming tool and the regulator has a helpline on 0800 101 8800 if you’re struggling."1.Why is the couple Mr. and Mrs. Doran mentioned in paragraph 2?A.To stress the regulator is right.B.To explain what PPI is about.C.To give a successful case of the Plevin.D.To introduce a new topic for the discussion.2.What is the key for a customer to make a PPI claim according to Martin Lewis?A.Getting in touch with him.B.Getting free help online.C.Lending money.D.Acting fast.3.What can we learn from the text?A.Martin Lewis can make a fortune before August 2019.B.The PPI will be put into effect before August 2019.C.The Plevin ruling is not familiar to many people.pensation is much easier to get than ever before.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Add a small amount into your saving accountB.Avoid losing 55% of your pensionC.How to make a PPI ruleD.How to save on PPI policy2、Mobile phone users in China expected a pleasant surprise this month. Starting from October 1, a new policy adopted by the three giant cellphone operators —China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom — has allowed unused data from individual data packages to be carried over to the next month for use.At the beginning, users of the three telecommunication companies welcomed this policy, since they would have more free data to use in the next month. However, even before Chinese users could enjoy the free extra package, the users found that since the adoption of the policy, the original data limits seem to be far more easily swallowe d up, which means there wouldn’t be any unused data left for the next month. One user of China Unicom claimed that it took him only nine days to use up the data package of a month.Telecoms have become a necessity in modern life like water or power, and raising or lowering costs significantly affects people’s lives and finances. But disagreements between consumers and service providers cover discussion. It is too early to judge how long the disagreement between telecommunication companies and consumers over data packages will last, since, according to media reports, themeasurement of data usage is difficult to track. Companies are using “user privacy” to avoid giving out any information.But reading through the companies posted online by cellphone users, we can sense the public’s distrust of Stated-owned enterprises (SOEs). A survey done by the people’s Tribune Research Center in 2012 found that the public’s negative impression of SOEs came from the belief that they only rely on government support and their employees usually do easy jobs but get higher pay, yet their sense of service is far behind private and foreign enterprises.The current argument over the data package of three State-owned telecommunication giants reflects the extent of public anger. Among the country’s anti-corruption campaign (反腐败运动) and reforms, it shows the public’s enthusiasm for deepening reforms and making SOEs benefit domestic consumers. 1. The attitude of the users towards the new policy of the three telecommunication companies at the beginning can be best described as ________.A. indifferentB. opposedC. positiveD. disappointed2. What is the result of the new policy adopted by the three telecommunication companies?A. Chinese phone users are allowed to send their unused data to their friends.B. Chinese phone users are presented with much cheaper individual data packages.C. Chinese phone users have no need to buy individual data packages.D. Chinese phone users consume the data much sooner than expected.3. Which of the followin g is NOT the public’s impression of SOEs?A. SOEs are supported by the government to a large extent.B. SOEs have benefited domestic consumers effectively.C. SOEs’ employees don’t deserve the high pay.D. SOEs’ service is worse than private and foreign en terprises.4. The last paragraph most probably implies that ________.A. the public are not satisfied with the reforms at presentB. the public do not care about the country’s reformsC. the public think highly of anti-corruption campaignD. the public are confident about the reform of SOEs3、Her pink face smiles from everything from tins of pasta to sunglasses and backpacks. And today, 10 years after she hit TV screens, Pep pa Pig is such a phenomenon that it’s hard to imagine a world without her.Five-minute cartoons of Peppa plus family and friends are shown in more than 170 nations, and yesterday we were told how her earnings are set to top one billion dollars.It's an incredible British success story that almost never happened because Peppa's creators —three mates who met at Middlesex Polytechnic in the 80s and now are all millionaires —struggled to get more people interested.The idea was born in 2000 when out-of-work animators Neville Astley and Mark Baker joined forces with producer pal Phil Davies to create a children's character. But worst of all, they were on the edge of putting Peppa aside as their marketing budget was not enough.The year 2000 was hard for them. They had to spend a lot to make Peppa accepted as a new cartoon character and Neville, 57, only earned £400 in 12 months. It got to the stage where they almost had to separate and go to earn money. Phil also thought that was pretty tough. He had to watch the pennies and what they bought in the supermarket.Thankfully for millions of parents around the world who got five minutes of peace when Peppa came on screen, they were saved at the last minute. They got a commercial that kept them going and then Peppa got commissioned.In May 2004, it began building lots of followers. And the team recognized at once the importance of selling goods. The fact is that Peppa branded products could decorate the British children s bedrooms—and the kids in Britain themselves helped it become a way of life rather than just a TV cartoon. But parents should guide.their kids correctly.Now more than 200 episodes have been made along with more than 12,000 branded products. Entertainment One, who owns the licensing rights, estimates earnings will break the $ 1 billion barrier by the end of this year.1.What was the biggest difficulty Peppa's creators met in 2000?A.The cartoon market was out of order.B.None of producers was interested in Peppa Pig.C.They decided to separate because of disagreement.D.They lacked money to make Peppa Fig known to people.2.What does the underlined part in paragraph 7 mean?A.Kids didn't want to lead a life like Peppa Pig.B.Peppa Pig helped kids get over much difficulty. finally helped Peppa branded products achieve great success in 2004.D.Peppa branded products affect British kids' housing, food, clothing, etc.3.What do we know about Peppa Pig?A.It brings peace for the world.B.It is banned by most countries.C.Its success is largely owed to the creators' hard work.D.It has a bad influence on all parents and children's life.4.What's the main idea of the text?A.What the world will be like without Peppa Pig.B.How Peppa Pig was created and became a top industry.C.Why Peppa Pig is very popular in so many countries in the world.D.Where Peppa Pig's special appearance was created by its three creators.4、Some Popular RestaurantsParsley & Thyme RestaurantDaryl Cheong is a young chef who has recently taken over the running of Parsley Thyme Restaurant. Since his graduation from At-Sunrice Global-Chef Academy, Daryl has worked in a couple of lead-ing European restaurants before taking over Parsley & Thyme Restaurant. Daryl serves popular dishes such as French Onion Soup, Braised Beef Cheek and 100% Grass-Fed New Zealand Tenderloin.Liquids Cafe Pte LtdHaving a decade of experience, we let our customers experience an explosion of American and Italian cuisine in a cafe atmosphere with affordable prices. Havingboth indoor and outdoor dining area, we are known for our welcoming atmosphere of romance. Customers simply bathe themselves in a range of magazines over a cup of caffeine. Our kitchen offers pastas,baked rice and main courses.The RotisserieSitting in the center of the downtown, the Rotisserie brings you a casual and affordable dining experience that is simply satisfying. We offer numbers of specialties on the menu that have been perfected to arouse your taste desires. From the award-winning coffee to our signature roasted chicken and mouth watering salads, we are committed to bringing you the best ingredients for a truly memorable affair.The Mind CafeThere can be no good fun without good food. The cafe aims to provide our customers with a pleasant session with something to fill their appetite. Light snacks, a warm coffee or hot chocolate serve the customers' needs just well. With over 2,000 games on shelf across our outlets, the cafe caters to people from all walks of life. You will never get bored from a lack of choice. It is suitable for a family outing, company gathering, or simple friends' get-together. We provide the games suitable for at most all ages to play together.1.What is special about Liquids Cafe Pte Ltd?A.The prices of its food are affordable.B.The food in it is only suitable for Italians.C.It offers many magazines for customers to readD.It offers customers coffee to spend their spare time.2.In which place can customers enjoy roasted chicken?A.The Rotisserie.B.The Mind Cafe.C.Liquids Cafe Pte Ltd.D.Parsley & Thyme Restaurant.3.What can customers do at the Mind cafe?A.Have dinner outside.B.Have fun with children.C.Make chocolate with friends.D.Hold a graduation ceremony.5、The city of San Francisco is home to some of the nation's largest technology companies, including Twitter and Uber. At the same time, it has one of the largest homeless populations in the country. Homeles^sness and unemployment for local people continue to rise. But one program is helping connect the two worlds for these poor job seekers. Del Seymour created the program. He was once homeless himself.Seymour spent years in a neighborhood known as the Tenderloin, an area with an extremely high rate of homelessness and unemployment. However, in recent years, large companies like Twitter and Uber have moved in or near the Tenderloin area. They started importing people from other regions and countries to work in the neighborhood.Seymour started making phone calls to technology companies. He thought it was unfair for the companies to ignore local people,including homeless ones. “ You’re not going to come in my neighborhood and ig nore my people, ” he said. “You’re going to include us in your business.,’To everyone's surprise, the companies started answering. As a result, Seymour started Code Tenderloin, a non-profit organization that is giving the homeless and other needy people a path to employment, including jobs in technology companies. It offers classes in coding for computer languages. It also gives six-week training classes in job readiness. The class teaches students public speaking, resume building, interviewing and other skills. Code Tenderloin's students visit technology companies to meet people, ask questions and learn from employees. Although only a small number of students have found full-time technology jobs, a number of others have got internships (实习)through the program. And many others have found other full-time jobs.1.What has happened to the Tenderloin in recent years?A.The rate of homelessness is decreasing.B.People are hired by large companies.C.Twitter sent employees to work for it.rge companies located their offices there.2.What is Seymour s attitude toward the actions of Twitter and Uber at first?A.Supportive.B.Indifferent.C.Critical.D.Objective.3.Why did Seymour set up Code Tenderloin?A.To help people find jobs.B.To create jobs for himself and local people.C.To help technology companies find suitable workers.D.To teach coding for computer languages.4.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A.A technology company.B.An organization.C.A learning path.D.A job.6、China has the largest rail network in the world. The most amazing thing is that this became a reality within a decade and a half. Even though China was interested in a high-speed rail system in the country as early as 1978, the actual establishment was delayed to some extent. At that time,discussions took place about priority over rapid economic development. Since the maximum speed of the conventional train at that time was only 80 kilometers per hour, the necessity of establishing a high-speed rail system was discussed. While some who were for the proposal argued that such a system would be a necessary part of an economic development program, those who opposed felt it was too costly.In 2008, Chinas first high-speed railway at a speed of 350 km/h was opened, traveling between Beijing and Tianjin. The Harbin—Dalian high-speed railway, the first of its kind to travel on snow, opened in 2012. The Shanghai maglev(磁悬浮列车),which runs at a speed of 431 kilometers an hour,has earned a place iri thebook Guinnees World Records. Over the past 10 years, China has been able to accelerate progress and now possesses the largest rail network in the world.By mid-2018, the Chinese rail network has spread over an area of more than 27,000 kilometers. A total of 7. 54 billion passengers have used the railway between 2007 and 2017, and the income earned by the Ministry of Railways has reached 7.54 billion.Sponsorship of a rail line between Tanzania and Zambia in 1970 marked the first time China carried out railway construction in another country. Having experienced rapid progress in this field i China began to construct high-speed rail systems in many other countries. The first time China carried out the construction of a high-speed rail system on foreign soil was in 2014, with the second phase of the Ankara-Istanbul railway. In certain countries construction work has already been completed.1.What may people in the world find the most unbelievable according to the text?A.China has devoted to building a high-speed rail system since 1978.B.China has built the largest rail network in the world within 15 years.C.The economy of China developed fast within a decade and a half.D.China has the largest rail network in the world.2.Why was the high-speed rail system's establishment delayed at first?A.1978 was a time full of discussions.B.Economic development was rapid in 1978.C.The maximum speed at that time was only 80 kilometers per hour.D.Some argued that such an expensive project shouldn't be done first.3.What can we infer from the text?A.The Harbin—Dalian high-speed rail is faster than the Beijing-Tianjin one.B.The speed of the Shanghai maglev can never be caught up with.C.China now possesses the shortest rail network in the world.D.China's great achievements in railway development make a difference.4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A.Railway construction of the world.B.Railway development of other countries.C.China’s contributions to other countries’ rail systems.D.Rapid progress of rail systems in foreign countries.答案1、1.C; 2.D; 3.C; 4.D解析：1.推理判断题。

新闻报道类1、Eighty-five-year-old Chinese pharmacologist Tu Youyou became China's first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine when it was announced that she was one of three scientists awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in developing effective drugs against parastic diseases.“Tu was honored for developing artemisin(青蒿素),a drug for malaria that has saved millions of lives across the globe, especially in the developing worldthe Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Ins titue disclosed on its website on Monday. “Tu,a Chinese trained pharmacologist and a researcher at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences in Beijing, went to Stockholm, Sweden in December to receive her award,” according to Cao Hongxin,the science a ndtechnology department head of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine."She was calm and said she has received lots of congratulatory calls," Cao told China Daily on Monday after he telephoned Tu to congratulate her. “It’s an overdue(迟来的) honor for Tu and the world’s recognition of traditional Chinese medicine,” he said.“Tu’s breakthrough in winning the Nobel Prize in a natural science is the pride of the whole nation and the whole Chinese scientific community,” said Zhou Dejin,the spokesman of the Chinese Academy of Science, China's national research body that consists of more than one hundred research institutes, universities and research branches.“The achievement of discovering artemisin was made in the 1970s,but it only received international recognition in later years, which suggests that we might have more achievements that have reached the Nobel Prize level but have not been recognized," Zhou said.1.Why was Tu Youyou awarded the Nobel Prize?A.She made a breakthrough in the Chinese scientific community.B.She came up with a revolutionary theory about medicine.C.She devoted her whole life to medicine research.D.She developed a very effective drug in the 1970s.2.What do we know about Tu Youyou?A.She secretly accepted the Nobel Prize by herself.B.She's the second Chinese to win the 2015 Nobel Prize.C.She has an ordinary heart though winning the Nobel Prize.D.She won the 2015 Nobel Prize with three other scientists.3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.China lacks talented scientists like Tu Youyou.B.Tu's achievement was recognized by the world a long time ago.C.Chinese scientists should work harder to win more Nobel Prizes.D.More Chinese scientific achievements should be acknowledged.4.What type of writing does this passage belong to?A.A scientific report.B.An official document.C.A news report.D.A medical record.2、It’s a white Christmas in theUnited Statestoday, with snow falling from Seattle to Maine.• NortheastBiting winds with snow swept the Northeast.Earlier, up to 15 inches of snow fell during a snow storm in Maine, while up to one foot fell in New Hampshire. Winds reached 76 mph on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, while up to 61 mph winds tore through Long Island, New York. Falling snow collected on the runways at Boston’s Logan International Airport, causing temporary flight delays.The wind was so severe in Pennsylvania and New Jersey that the annual (重演) of George Washington and his soldiers’crossing the Delaware River was cancel ed, the Washington Crossing Historic Park told ABC News.• MidwestHeavy lake effect snow fell in western Michigan.The National Weather Service has issued a wind-chill warning and advisory (公告) from Montana to Michigan. Bitter cold air in the Midwest produced wind chills Monday morning as low as minus 48 degrees in North Dakota and minus 47 in northern Minnesota.As this bitter cold made its way east overnight, it was expected to move over relatively mild Great Lakes, producing intense lake-effect snow bands capable of producing 2 to 4 inches of snow in an hour.• West CoastThat storm system moved overnight through the Rockies, bringing more snow and the threat of avalanches(雪崩). The National Weather Service has issued an avalanche warning for the Wasatch Range Mountains outside Salt Lake City.1.Why was the annual reenactment of George Washington and his soldiers’ crossing the Delaware River canceled?A.Because the river was frozen.B.Because the wind was too strong.C.Because the snow was too thick.D.Because the temperature was too low.2.Which of the following is the bad weather that has set in according to the passage?A.The avalanches.B.A white Christmas.C.A mess of people’s life.D.Heavy snow, biting wind and chills.3.What is the style of the passage?A.Weather report.B.News about the effect of bad weather.C.News about bad weather.D.A bad-weather warning and advisory.3、LUKLA, Nepal—Qomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West, once negatively recognized as the “world’s highest junkyard’’,is set to become cleaner as 30,000 porters(搬运工) have been mobilized(动员)for waste collection and disposal from themountain’s southern side. The cleanup drive was launched recently near Lukla Airport, one of the world’s most dangerous airports yet a vital gateway to the world’s highest peak.“Our major task is to keep Everest, which is the pride of the world, clean. This campaign aims to transport 100 tons of nonbumable garbage from the Everest region to Kathmandu in 2018,” Ang Dorj e Sherpa, chairman of the Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee said.The SPCC,an environmental conservation organization,has made it mandatory(强制性的) since 2013 that every climber should carry down 8 kilograms of trash, but for trekkers there is no such regulation. Due to this, more than 100 tons of waste gets collected in the region annually.According to Nepalese government statistics, nearly 50,000 domestic and foreign trekkers visit the Qomolangma region annually, while more than 400 mountaineers attempt to scale the peak. The collected waste mostly includes empty beer bottles and cans, oxygen bottles, tom tents and sleeping bags, food bins, and discarded mountaineering and trekking equipment. The trash was collected by local groups in more than a dozen villages while the waste was transported down the mountain in sacks (麻袋)by porters and animals. The cleanup covered settlements from up to 5,000 meters near the base camp,to Lukla Airport located at an altitude of 2,805 meters.On the first day of the campaign, several tons of waste was sent off to Kathmandu from Lukla on planes belonging to Tara Airlines, one of the leading private airlines in Nepal. The airlines have set an ambitious target of flying out 100 tons of waste from the region in 2018, as a part of its commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals against climate change. The company's CEO Umesh Chandra Rai said,“We hope that this campaign will help the local people to maintain a pristine (未受损害的), natural and unspoiled environment so that more trekkers will come from everywhere, making the trekking industry here more sustainable."1.What's the first paragraph mainly about?A.The basic situation of Mount Everest.B.The introduction of the cleanup campaign.C.The unique way to prevent environmental pollution.D.The description of the most dangerous airport in the world.2.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.The rule for visitors made by the local travel agencies.B.The cleanup campaign launched by Ang Dorje Sherpa.C.The demand on the climbers made by the SPCC.D.The law for the local people made by the Nepalese government.3.How does the author indicate that the cleanup campaign is very tough?A.By listing figures.B.By making comparisons.C.By giving some examples.D.By analyzing some causes.4.What’s Umesh Chandra Rai’s attitude towards the cleanup campaign?A.Doubtful.B.Curious.C.Enthusiastic.D.Unfavorable.4、BEIJING (AP)—Sandstorms whipping across China shrouded(遮蔽) cities in an unhealthy cloud of sand Monday, with winds carrying the pollution outside the mainland as far as Hong Kong and Taiwan.It was the latest sign of the effects of desertification:Overgrazing,deforestation,urban sprawl(无计划地扩展) and drought have expanded deserts in the country’s north and west.The shifting sands have gradually moved onto populated areas and worsened sandstorms that strike cities, particularly in spring.Winds blowing from the northwest have been sweeping sand across the country since Saturday, affecting Xinjiang in the far west all the way to Beijing in the country's east. The sand and dust were carried to parts of southern China and evento cities in Taiwan,1,600 miles (2,600 kilometers) away from Inner Mongolia where much of the pollution originated.The sandstorm in Taiwan, an island 100 miles (160 kilometers) away from the mainlands forced people to cover their faces to avoid breathing in the grit(砂砾) that can cause chest discomfort and respiratory problems even in healthy people.Drivers complained their cars were covered in a layer of black soot in just 10 minutes.In Hong Kong,environmental protection officials said pollution levels were climbing as the sandstorm moved south.Twenty elderly people sought medical assistance for shortness of breath. Hong Ko ng’s radio RTHK reported.The latest sandstorm was expected to hit South Korea on Tuesday, said Kim Seung-bum of the Korea Meteorological Administration.The sandstorm that raked(掠过) across China over the weekend caused the worst “yellow dust” haze in S outh Korea since 2005,and authorities issued a rare nationwide dust advisory.Grit from Chinese sandstorms has been found to travel as far as the western United States.China’s Central Meteorological Station urged people to close doors and windows, and cover their faces with masks or scarves when going outside.Sensitive electronic and mechanical equipment should be sealed off, the station said in a warning posted Monday on its Website.State television's noon newscast showed the tourist city of Hangzhou on the eastern coasts where graceful bridges and waterside pagodas were hidden in a mix of sand and other pollution. In Beijing, residents and tourists with faces covered scurried along sidewalks to minimize exposure to the pollution.A massive sandstorm hit Beijing in 2006,when winds dumped about 300,000 tons of sand on the capital.1.We can learn from the text that _______.A.the sandstorms were purposely made by ChinaB.the writer thinks that China government should be responsible for the pollutionC.the sandstorms badly affected the air in USD.China’s Central Meteorological Station will be closed2.The passage tells us that the sandstorms mainly came from _____.A.XinjiangB.HangzhouC.BeijingD.Inner Mongolia3.The underlined word “respiratory”(in Para.4) means "________".A.breathingB.digestingC.hearingD.walking4.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.South Korea seldom issues nationwide dust advisories.B.Taiwan is 1,600 miles from Beijing.C.Sandstorms have hit Beijing more than once.D.In Hong Kong some old people need help for shortness of breath caused by sandstorms.5、Operating the largest private foundation(私人基金会) in history, Bill and Melinda Gates make decisions that influence millions of lives. But they deal with problems very differently.For example, they agreed that too many children die needlessly from diarrhoea(腹泻). But when it came to how to prevent it, their opinions were different. While her husband read a lot about vaccines(疫苗) , Melinda Gates had been travelling and visited areas where poor people live in India.When she returned,she said,“I don’t know what it is, but there’s something in clean water and sanitation (公共卫生).” And Bill said,“ OK,Melinda, I don’t even have time to read in that space. Tell me what you know.That conversation led to a new focus on water and sanitation. Since 2006, they have given more than $US200 million toward those efforts.The foundation’s work is always a part of her family’s life,even on holiday. This year,over the spring break,they took their three children to the Amazon inBrazil. There,she spoke about the advantages of a service to allow people to send money by mobile phones, after seeing the success of such a program in Kenya.Melinda believed it’s a way to help her children “ know what goes on in their backyard,so they understand what it's like for kids who don’t have enough money to do what they do.”When asked what made her and her husband establish a foundation to help others, she pointed to her family background. Both she and her husband came from families who encouraged social services.Melinda has an MBA and degrees in computer science and business from Duke University. She met Bill Gates shortly after going to work at Microsoft. By the time they married in 1994,she had already persuaded him to become active in philanthropy(慈善事业).“We talked about how this wealth will go back to society before we got married,”she said. “ That seems like the right thing to do if you’re a rich person. ”1.At the beginning, Bill Gates wanted to deal withdiarrhoea by__________.A.providing clean waterB.developing vaccinesC.offering clean foodD.improving sanitation2.We can infer Melinda Gates brought her children to Brazil this yearbecause__________.A.she wanted her children to help sick kids inB.razilB.her children wanted to enjoy the spring break abroadC.she wanted her children to value what they haveD.her children hadn't visited Brazil before503.According to the text,Melinda Gates__________.A.operates the foundation on her ownB.visited Kenya to help prevent diarrhoeaC.persuaded Bill Gates to practice philanthropyD.donated $US200 million to help poor people in Brazil4.What is the best title for the text?A.A rich family that is always ready to help othersB.How rich people influence others’ livesC.Children in poor areas need a handD.The largest private foundation6、While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings inChina such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts,manyexcellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu,a 49-year-old Chinese architect,wonthe 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize inarchitecture—on February 28.He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.Manyvisitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages.He asked theworkers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls,roofs and corridors.Thiscreation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledgeof traditions.Through such a balance,he had created a new type of Chinese architecture,saidTadao Ando,the winner of the1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums."That is onlyevidence that traditions once existed," he said."Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions.They think tradition meansold things from the past.In fact,tradition also refers to the things that have been developingand that are still being created, " he said."Today,many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather thanfocusing on Chinese traditions.Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowingwhat they really are," said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise,the recreation oftraditions would be artificial and empty,he said.1.Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.A.following the latest world trendB.getting international recognitionC.working harder than ever beforeD.relying on foreign architects2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A.Its hilly environment.B.Its large size.C.Its unique style.D.Its diverse functions.3.What made Wang’s architectural design a success?A.The mixture of different shapes.B.The balance of East and West.C.The use of popular techniques.D.The harmony of old and new.4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A.Spread them to the world.B.Preserve them at museums.C.Teach them in universities.D.Recreate them in practice.答案1、1.D; 2.C; 3.D; 4.C解析：1.理解具体信息。

科技类1、Whether you own a small or large business, it's important that you apply technology to business. This calls for you to have high speed Internet in your business. You also need to have a very effective telephone line. The reason for this is due to the benefits that come with technology.Communication is very important in business. The business world has become very competitive, thus employees need to communicate with clients fast and effectively. Communication is not only important when working with clients,but also important when working with other employees. For example, sales representatives and technicians don,t have to return to the office in order to know their next tasks. They can simply make phone calls or send emails. To make your business more modern, you should consider having a social media account.Through technology,employees from different locations are able to interact(互动) and they not only talk about business,but also personal issues. This ensures that there is a healthy working environment, which plays a huge role in increasing the productivity of the employees.IT experts have come up with many advanced software programs that allow your business to keep its records in an organized manner. The records can be on raw materials, suppliers,clients, and finances. These programs remove manual(手工的) record keeping, which not only aids in improving the working efficiency(工作效率), but also aids in removing human errors.If you don’t have a large office space, you can ask your employe es to work at home and send you the necessary documents via email. As a business manager, you don’t have to travel in order to hold a business meeting as you can do it over the Internet.These are some of the benefits that come with technology. You should note that although technology is of great importance in the professional environments you need to manage it properly so that it’s not misused by employees.1.The example in Paragraph 2 proves that _______.A.the employees are busy working every daymunication skill is important in businessC.the business world has become very competitiveD.technology makes communication more convenient2.Paragraph 3 shows the technology's influence on _______.A.business cultureB.researchC.locationsD.record keeping3.Which of the following words can best describe the advanced software programs?A.Cheap and useful.B.Easy to be operated.C.Time-saving and accurate.D.Popular in the business world.4.According to Paragraph 5, what's the advantage of technology?A.It gives employees chances to travel.B.It helps businesses save on resources.C.It improves the salaries of the workers.D.It brings businessmen more opportunities.2、Weather could power the next generation of smart windows. Researchers have created glass by harvesting energy from wind and precipitation(降水).The approach offers an alternative to other smart windows powered by batteries, solar panels, and even standard power outlets. “The creation represents a new kind of renewable energy source”, says Liming Dai, a nanomaterial engineer at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, who was not involved in the research.Smart glass, which changes its characteristics to block out light or heat, has been around for decades. Common examples include glare-fighting rearview(后视) car mirrors and windows that change color for en ergy savings and privacy. But many are expensive, and people are still looking for eco-friendly ways to power the windows. Batteries and plug-in outlets aren’t apparently “green”,a nd built-in solar panels can cloud or hide parts of the glass.In experiments, the glass produced up to 130 milliwatts per square meter, enough to power a pacemaker or a smart phone while it’s asleep,the team reported online last month in ACS Nano. This output might suit many applications,such as being a power source for home or office electronics, says co-developer and scientist Zhong Wang of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta Since their first project in 2012, a light-up sidewalk powered by footsteps, he and his colleagues have miniaturized their generators to create every thing from self-cleaning keyboards to sensors for security systems.But Wang and colleagues still have more work to do before this smart glass is ready for commercialization. Now, the glass has no way to store the energy it creates. To solve this problem, Dai says, transparent supercapacitors(超级电容器) could be placed into the glass without decreasing visibility.For now, the team wants to improve the energy efficiency of their nanogenerators. These tiny power plants can convert about 60% of the mechanical energy that they encounter into electricity. “The output power is a constant goal,” Wang says. “Free energy surrounds us, and anything can happen if you take control of it."1.What is unique about the smart glass?A.It can protect privacy.B.It is more expensive.C.It is powered by weather.D.It can block out light and heat.2.What is the main idea of paragraph 3?A.The research history of Zhong Wang.B.The experimental process of Zhong Wang.C.The research theory of Zhong Wang’s team.D.The experimental findings of Zhong Wang's team.3.What is the drawback of the smart glass?A.It cannot suit the supercapacitors.B.It cannot keep its produced electricity.C.It cannot power a smart phone.D.It cannot change its color according to weather.4.Which of the following best explains “convert” underlined in the last paragraph?A.Transform.B.Consume.C.Waste.D.Reserve.3、New App Helps People Remember FacesLarge gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution.The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 people.After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app's creators say it automatically deletes users’ data after an event.Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires animage of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only ona user’s phone, according to the team beh ind the app.1. SocialRecall is used to ________.A. take photosB. identify peopleC. organize eventsD. make friends2. Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.A. how the app worksB. how the app was createdC. what makes the app popularD. what people can do with the app3. SocialRecall helps people with prosopagnosia by ________.A. giving names to the photos kept in their smartphonesB. collecting information previously entered in the phoneC. providing the information of a person when they first meetD. showing the person’s information when it spots a stored face4. What can we learn about SocialRecall from the passage?A. It may put people’s privacy at risk.B. It has caused unintended consequences.C. It can prevent some communication disorders.D. It is praised by users for its protective measures.4、The Leaning Tower of Pisa(比萨斜塔) has never stood straight. The building’s lean has puzzled engineers for hundreds of years. Engineers began building the hell tower in Italy in 1173. It took more than 200 years to finish. It was built on unexpectedly soft ground and the tower began to lean before it was done. The mistake has made the building one of the world’s strange sights.How can something so unstable last for hundreds of years? The tower has survived two world wars, millions of visitors, and four strong earthquakes. Engineering Professor George Mylonakis wanted to know why. He studied the ground beneath the building and looked at how soil affects the building and how well it stands up.Mylonakis and other engineers came up with an answer about the tower. The answer has to do with the soft ground under the tower. The engineers found otherimportant reasons, too. The tower is very tall and is made of stone that makes it stiff. Its height and firniness combined with the softness of the foundation soil cause the vibrational(振动的) characteristics of the structure lo be improved considerably in such a way that the tower does not resonate(共振) with earthquake ground motion. So during an earthquake, the tower does not shake as much as the earth under it.Still, Mylonakis said the tower had almost fallen since it continued to lean more as the soft ground settled under it. In the early 1990s, it was in real danger of falling and the Italian government closed the tower to visitors and started to save it. Crews gradually began to take out small amounts of soil from the high north side. With less soil under it, that side of the tower sank slightly. Engineers also fixed equipment that allows them to make adjustments to the water pressure beneath the tower, further controlling how much the tower leans.The building still leans. It just leans a bit less than before. Most importantly, the tower is no longer in danger. JohnBurland worked on the project to save the tower. He said it is highly unlikely that the soft ground under the tower will cause it to fall and only a very large earthquake would knock down the tower.1.Why did George Mylonakis study the leaning Tower of Pisa?A.To find out why it leans.B.To explore why it still stands.C.To call on people to save it.D.To research the soft ground under it.2.What does the underlined word "stiff" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Shaky.B.Sinking.C.Solid.D.Splendid.3.What measure was taken to save the tower in the early 1990s?A.Limit the number of visitors.B.Remove soil from two sides.C.Monitor the amount of soil water.D.Make the tower lower in the north.4.What do John Burland's words suggest in the last paragraph?A.The tower is safe in most cases.B.The tower still leans in danger.C.The tower may fall due to the soft ground.D.The tower will stand even if large earthquakes hit.5、The United States will have more adults aged 65 and over than children by the year 2035, the U. S. Census Bureau says. The agency provides information about the U. S. population that as the American population ages, the demand for services and care for older adults is growing.SenCura is a company that provides non-medical at-home care for seniors in the northern Virginia area. Its services include help with bathing, transportation, getting dressed and planning and preparing meals. Hollie is one of SenCura's professional caregivers. She visits 88-year-old Olga Robertson's home every day for three hours. Robertson says she likes having Hollie’s help.But when Hollie is not around, Robertson still has a versatile caregiver—a robot named Rudy. She can have a conversation with him and he's somebody to talk to and can respond. Rudy also tells jokes, plays games and dances with Robertson. In addition to keeping Robertson mentally and physically active, Rudy provides contact with emergency services 24 hours a day. He looks for lost items, reminds Robertson about her doctor's appointments and tells her when it is time to take her medicine.Anthony Nunez is the founder of INF" Robotics, a new company that creates Kudy. He says the idea for the robotic caregiver was inspired by what his own mother lived through when his grandmother got older. "As I grew older, I realized we weren't the only family facing this problem. So what I wanted to do was design a robot that's easy to use, designed specifically for seniors, but also affordable,'' he said.Rudy is not competition for human caregivers. He is there to help but cannot do all the things that caregivers do, like bathe and dress seniors. The robot Rudy adds to what in-home caregivers do for the growing population of seniors.1.What can we learn about the information provided by the U. S. Census Bureau?A.The number of children will become larger.B.Adults will have to look after more children.C.There will be more seniors in need of services.D.The demand for caregivers will decrease.2.What does the underlined word "versatile" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A.Easy-going.B.Multi-functional.C.Considerate.D.Flexible.3.What can we infer about the robot Rudy?A.He will replace the caregivers.B.He is able to dress the seniors.C.He offers the seniors health care.D.He can help do additional work.4.What is the main idea of the text?A.America is facing population problems.B.Caregivers are challenged by robots.C.A new company puts robots in seniors' homes.D.Seniors will get better sendees from caregive6、NASA has a new job listing, and it’s no joke. The US space agency is loo king for a “joker” to join their planned mission to Mars.A mission to Mars is no laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles (225 million kilometers) away from Earth. A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft. And Mars has a communications delay of 20 minutes. This means that astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply, when an emergency happens.“When you’re living with others in a confined space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems are likely to occur,” Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida, told the Guardian.This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. “These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together,” Johnson sai d.In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren’t alone. By laughing together, we share our stress. Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.There are other examples of team “clowns”. One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. It was a difficult journey, full of danger. Adolf Lindstrom, a cook at Amundsen’s team, was a “clown”. He made people laugh through the whole journey. Amundsen later wrote that Lindstrom was the most valuable member of the team.But if you’re hoping that your favorite TV comedian will fly to Mars, that probably won’t happen.“Being funny won’t be enough to land somebody the job,” Johnson said. “They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer.”Besides, they must be in top physical condition.1.What is NASA’s new job listing?A.A funny engineer.B.A talented clown.C.A good cook.D.A popular comedian.2.What does “a confined space” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.A crowded space.B.An empty space.C.An open space.D.A small space.3.How does the author think humor can help astronauts?A.It can stop them from feeling worried.B.It can encourage teamwork on a mission.C.It can help them feel less homesick.D.It can help them know themselves better.4.What point does the author want to make with the example of the cook?A.What explorers eat on their journey is very important.B.An amateur can play a more important role than a professional.C.Humorous people can cheer people up in difficult situations.D.A mission to Mars is more difficult than a journey to the South Pole.5.What could be the best title of the passage?A.Keeping the Spirits UpB.A Mission to MarsC.A New Job Listing of NASAD.Humorous Astronauts in NASA答案1、1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B解析：1.推理判断题。