2012年职称英语完形填空：Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk

写在最前面的关于30分题+15分1. +表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章，考哪一级就看哪一级的内容，别的级别的题目完全不用看。

2. 每个级别新增阅读理解2篇完型填空2篇（今年以前完形填空只新增一篇），考试的时候，这两篇阅读理解必考一篇，文章完全一样，但是问题及答案不一定完全一样，所以仅仅记住答案是不可靠的，一定要结合后面的翻译把这篇文章看懂。

那么这里5道题目15分必定能拿到。

然后完型填空，先说今年以前，只新增一篇完型填空，这篇完型填空必考，只是留空的位置不会完全一样，大约有40%左右的留空位置是一样，所以光背答案是没得用的，一定要把文章看熟。

当然今年由于每个级别新增了2篇完型填空，那么考试的时候肯定也是2选1考一篇。

这里15道题15分也很容易能拿到。

3. 词汇有15道题，替换同义词，找本字典翻翻，这15分也不难，至少12分能拿到吧。

其他的题能拿多少分就看各位的英语底子了。

做最坏的打算，剩下的题目还有55分，按瞎蒙25%的概率能拿到13.75分，加上前面的45分大约也有58分左右，所以要完全靠瞎蒙的朋友考试前多扶扶老奶奶过马路，多积累点人品吧。

4. 以上只是投机取巧的方法，各位有时间的话还是花点时间复习下，但是考前一定要把新增的题目掌握好，就算英语底子好的朋友也起码可以节约不少考试时间。

5. 本人职称英语A\B\C级都是这样考过的，每年的规律都是一样的。

从客观角度说，每年的职称英语考试书都不便宜，新增的内容也不多，如果新增的东西里面没有价值，那么那本书还有谁买？那本书可是考试中心出的，亲！最后，祝大家考试顺利！2012年职称英语理工类新增文章阅读理解（6篇）……………………3页第六篇 Making Light of1 Sleep第十九篇 Graphene's Superstrength1*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四＋五篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"完形填空（6篇）……………………20页第三篇 Germs on Banknotes第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness *第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk+第十三篇 Solar Power without Solar Cells+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读理解，请参见第3页；完形填空，请参见第20页；3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化。

第六部分完形填空第一篇A Life with BirdsFor nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's Y eoman Warders, (1) ____better_known to tourists as Beefeaters. David, 64, lives in athree-bedroomed flat right at the (2)____of the Byward Tower, one of.the gatehouses. "(3)____our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames.”says David.The Tower of London is famous (4)____its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was (5)____the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no (6)____in accepting it.“The birds have now become my life and I'm always (7)____of the fact that Iam (8)____a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to (9)____sure this doesn't happen!”David (10)____about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the (11)____that he lives right next to them is i deal.“I can (12)____ a close eye on them all the time, and not just when l'm working.”(13)____,David's wife Mo was not (14)____on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. “When we look out of our windows we see history (15)____around us, and weare taking it in and storing it up for our future memories.”词汇：marvellous /a．奇妙的，不可思议的fascinate /v．着迷，吸引raven /n．乌鸦，黑色的鸟legend /n．传奇，传说注释：1.…from our bedroom we have a marvellous view of…：从我们的卧室看去，有一个奇妙的角度……2.…keen on the idea of life in the Tower…：热衷于塔里的生活练习：1. A) more B) better C) sooner D) very2. A) height B) summit C) peak D) top3. A) Since B) Out C) From D) Through4. A) for B) because C) of D) by5. A) award B) applied C) presented D) offered6. A) regret B) delay C) hesitation D) choice7. A) aware B) knowing C) pleased D) delighted8. A) holding B) maintaining C) surviving D) lasting9. A) take B) make C) have D) keep10. A) devotes B) spends C) passes D) provides11. A) reason B) chance C) opportunity D) fact12. A) hold B) have C) keep D) put13. A) Firstly B) First of all C) At first D) First14. A) interested B) keen C) fond D) happy15. A) every B) all C) much D) so答案与题解：1．B根据上下文，这里应选择比较级，所以排除D，再根据句意，为“更为人所熟知”，因而better是正确答案。

Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared CitiesA new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing inclimate change and urban development．She warns that many of the wo rld’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developingcountries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failingto reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases．These gases are known to affect the atmosphere．”Climate change isa deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities aredeveloping effective strategies to evaluate their residents."Cities are major sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by futureclimate change. Lankao’s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventionsthat could offer immediate and longer-term benefits．The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters.Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas andprolonged hot weather can heat heavily paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more seriousin an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread healthproblems．Poorer neighborhoods that may lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especiallyvulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing without access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments, therefore,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoricrather than meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and airconditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile use. In fact, many local governments are taking ahands—off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects ofclimate change on cities.Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food,researchers at Imperial College London sugges in a new study．Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective atlowering a person’s heart attack risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heartattack risk offered by a statin is enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statinsdon’t cut out a11 of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve workedout that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fastfood mea l increases it.”“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins,which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as theunhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per customer—not much different to a sachet ofsugar.” Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re enc ouraged to take measures that lower their risk, 1ikewearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fattymeal．356。

完形填空第一篇生命与鸟在近17年的时间里，大卫对抗曾担任伦敦自耕农看守，__1__众所周知的游客beefeaters 的塔之一。

大卫，64岁，住在三间卧室的平面右侧的__2__的拜沃德大厦的城楼之一。

“__3__我们的卧室，我们有伦敦塔桥和泰晤士河的壮丽景致，说：”大卫。

伦敦塔是著名__4__乌鸦，大的黑色的鸟在那里住了三个多世纪。

大卫马上就被迷住鸟时，他的乌鸦主__5__后八年前他没有__6__接受它。

“鸟现在成为我的生活和我我总是__7__，我是__8__的传统。

的传说说，如果你想乌鸦离开伦敦塔，英国将下降的敌人，和它是我的工作__9__确保这不会发生这种事！“David_10_about每天四小时照顾的乌鸦。

他已经成长为爱和_11__，他住在他们旁边，是理想的。

“我可以_12__密切关注他们的时候，不只是当我的工作。

”__13__，大卫的妻子莫是不讼诉生活在塔的想法，但她也将是明年退休时，他伤心的离开了。

“当我们看的出来，我们的窗户，我们看到了历史__15__在我们身边，和我们正在并将其存储起来为我们未来的回忆。

第二篇运气不错演员安东尼奥班德拉斯是用来打破的骨头，它似乎总是发生时，他的第一运动。

在影片播放的骨他的中量级拳击手伍迪·哈里森一起。

3，制作的电影“哈里森4抱怨，争取5个非常有说服力的，所以，有一天，他建议，他和班德拉斯应该有一个真正的斗争。

西班牙演员是不是起初的想法，但他却说服他合演把他的手套，爬入拳击擂台。

然而，当他意识到如何认真对待他的8这一切，他开始后悔自己的决定打。

然后在第三轮中，哈里森打班德拉斯9硬盘的脸，他居然打破了他的鼻子。

他的妻子，女演员Melanie格里菲斯，大怒，他一直扮演“傻大男子主义的游戏”。

“她是对的，”班德拉斯承认，“我是傻瓜的风险一样，在中间的电影。

”他是11的时候，在他的家乡马拉加足球比赛中，他摔断了腿。

他总是成为一个足球明星，一个大庭广众面前表演，但医生告诉他，他演奏的天很可能超过。

第一篇 A Life with BirdsFor nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders, ___ 1better _ known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the __2 top __ of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. "__3 From __ our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.The Tower of London is famous __4 for __ its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was __5 offered __ the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no __6. hesitation __ in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always __7 aware __ of the fact that I am __8 maintaining __ a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to __9 make __ sure this doesn't happen!"David_10 devotes _about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the _11 fact __ that he lives right next to them is ideal. "I can _12 keep __ a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working." __13 At first __, David's wife Mo was not __14 keen __ on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. "When we look out of our windows, we see history __15 all __ around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."第二篇 A Lucky BreakActor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he's 1 doing sport. In the film Play It to the Bone he 2 plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson. 3 During the making of the film Harrelson 4 kept complaining that the fight 5 scenes weren't very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn't 6 keen on the idea at first, but he was 7 eventually persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his 8 opponent was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas 9 so hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing "silly macho games". "She was right," confesses Banderas, "and I was a fool to 10 take a risk like that in the middle of a movie."He was 11 reminded of the time he broke his leg duringa football match in his native Malaga. He had always 12 dreamed of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That's when I decided to take 13 up acting; I saw it as 14 another way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football 15 another was, you might say, my first lucky break."第三篇Global WarmingFew people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists (1) put the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase (2) in the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than (3) ever before, the Earth is at (4) risk from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. (5) According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, (6) such as hurricanes and droughts, even more (7) severe and causing sea levels all around the world to (8) rise .Environmental groups are putting (9) pressure on governments to take action to reduce the (10) amount of carbon dioxide which is given (11) off by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in (12) favour of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power (13) stations .Some scientists, (14) however believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait (15) several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.第四篇 A Success StoryAt 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have(1) made Their fortune through the Internet. (2) What makes Ben's story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was (3) told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write (4) properly . "I wanted to prove them (5) wrong ", says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls.When he was eight, his local authorities (6) provided him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was (7) unable to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and (8) encouraged by his father, he soon began (9) charging people $l0 an hour for his knowledgeand skills. At the age of 15 he (10) set up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to (11) devote all his time to business."By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a (12) couple of employees to help me", says Ben. "That enabled me to start (13) doing business with bigger companies.” It was. his ability to consistently (14) overcome difficult challenges that led him to win the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal (15) worth $25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine.第五篇Traffic in Our CitiesThe volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk (1) of accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to (2) )persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible (3) approach is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by (4) increasing charges for parking and (5) bringing in tougher fines for anyone who (6) breaks the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (7) known as "road pricing", is already being introduced in a (8) number of cities, using a special electronic card (9) fixed to the windscreen of the car.Another way of (10) dealing with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the (11) outskirts of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service for the (12) final stage of their journey.Of course, the most important (13) thing is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to (14) give up the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (15) kept at an acceptable level.。

职称英语幺建华、孙伟、新东方押题(综合,理工,卫生)对比【幺建华】阅读理解：第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience 第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme Deep第六篇Making Light of Sleep第十四篇Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers完型填空：第三篇Giant Structures 第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultrures 第七篇An Intelligent Car 第二篇Avalanche and Its Safety阅读理解：第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures完形填空：第四篇Giant Structures【新东方】阅读理解：理工类C级：一级重点文章第十一篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach【2013年教材新增文章】第十九篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience【2013年教材新增文章】第七篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Sugar Power for Cell Phones第十五篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Winged Robot Learns to Fly 第十七篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A Sunshade for the Planet 第十八篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Thirst for Oil第三十篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Digital Realm理工类C级：二级重点文章第二篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第四篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Motoring Technology第十二篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass第十三篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Invisibility Ring第二十篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Explorer ofthe Extreme Deep第二十一篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Plant Gas第二十二篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Snowflakes第二十三篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Powering a City? It's a Breeze.第二十四篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe第二十六篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently第二十七篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Driven to Distraction 理工类C级：三级重点文章第一篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第三篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Citizen Scientists第五篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Late-Night Drinking第六篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Making Light of1 Sleep第八篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Eiffel Is an Eyeful第九篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Egypt Felled by Famine第十篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers第十四篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers第十六篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth第二十五篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Eat to Live第二十八篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sleep Lets Brain File Memories 第二十九篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Food Fright完形填空：理工类C级：一级重点文章第三篇nbsp;nbsp; Giant Structuresnbsp;【2013年教材新增文章】第八篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures 【2013年教材新增文章】第九篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Wonder Webs理工类C级：二级重点文章第四篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Animal's “Sixth Sense"第五篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind 第六篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely第七篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; An Intelligent Car理工类C级：三级重点文章第一篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Captain Cook Arrow Legend第二篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Avalanche and Its Safety第十篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights Loneliness【幺建华】阅读理解：第三十七篇“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning第三十五篇Putting Plants to Work第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine第三十三篇Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive 第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses 完形填空：第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk 第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities 第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures 阅读理解：第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety完形填空：第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk【新东方】阅读理解：理工类B级：一级重点文章*第三十三篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radiocative Waste*第三十四篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Batteries Built by Viruses*第三十七篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning*第三十八篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;"Life Form Found" on Saturns Titan*第四十篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety理工类B级：二级重点文章*第三十五篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Putting Plants to work*第三十六篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning 理工类B级：三级重点文章*第三十一篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Hurricane Katrina*第三十二篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Mind-reading Machine*第三十九篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Clone Farm完形填空：理工类B级：一级重点文章*第十一篇nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Climate Change Poses MajorRisks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇nbsp;nbsp; Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risknbsp;理工类B级无二，三级重点文章【幺建华】阅读理解：第四十八篇：Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright 第五十篇Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities第四十二篇Renewable Energy Sources第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” 第四十九讲U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars完形填空：第十三篇Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light第十四篇Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s Waters第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage特别说明：完形填空记忆难度大，且每年都会存在大量换空的情况，（我们会有应对策略，对于此题型文章不用太多关注，重点先放在阅读理解重点文章的内容熟悉，至少要知道每一段的中文意思是什么――可参考翻译，问题都问了些什么。

完形填空Free Statins with Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk ，快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险详解本课知识点：一、完形填空解题方法回顾二、文章背景分析三、文章考点讲解四、知识点助记一、完形填空解题方法回顾1. 判断四个选项，确定解题方法。

A．选项是介词或空格前后有介词，查找是否能组成介词短语。

B．选项是关系词，判断空格前单词词性及是否缺成分，然后确定使用的关系词。

一般来说，名词代词是定语从句，动词介词是宾语从句，逗号隔开就是状语从句。

C. 选项是其他单词，如动词、名词、副词等，通过辨析词义来确定答案。

2. 查找四个选项，优先看能否组成短语，再根据词义或从句知识进行解题。

3. 分析空格前后意思和逻辑关系，对比分析出答案。

二、文章背景分析本文讲的是：Free Statins with Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk ，快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险1. 新研究表明快餐店可免费提供降胆固醇药物以降心脏病风险。

2. 服用一粒降胆固醇药物降低的风险与快餐增加的风险在程度上大致一样。

3. 既然不健康的调味包可免费提供，那使降低心脏病发作的降胆固醇药物容易得到也是合理的。

三、文章考点讲解1. 预测点题文章Free Statins with Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London suggest in a new study.Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy "LDL" cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person's heart attack risk.In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology, Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.Dr Francis, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, who is the senior author of the study, said:"Statins don't cut out all of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers andFrench fries. It's better to avoid fatty food altogether. But we‘ve worked out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack, taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increases it.”“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge. It would cost less than 5 pence per customer--- not much different to a sachet of sugar," Dr Francis said.When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they‘re encouraged to take measures that lower their risk, like wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.2. 预测点题翻译快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险伦敦帝国理工学院的研究者们在一项新研究中建议，快餐经销店可免费提供降胆固醇药物，这样顾客可降低油腻食物中的心脏病风险。

第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1 so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London 2 in a newstudy．Statins reduce the 3 of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack 4 .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5 to offset the increase in heart attack risk from 6 a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the7 effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked ou t that in terms of your 8 of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9 as a fast food meal increases it.”“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they 10 , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are l 1 free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per 1 2 一not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take 13 that lower their risk, 1ike 14 a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of 1 5 some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．词汇：statin/'stæ tIn! n．降胆固醇药物outlet/'autlit/ n．销售点cholesterol/ kə'lestərɔl / n．胆固醇offset /,ɔf'set/ V. 抵消，补偿cheeseburger/ 'tʃi:z,bə:ɡə / n．芝士汉堡包milkshake! 'milkʃeik / n．奶昔condiment /'kɔndimənt]! n ．调味品sachet /'sætʃei / ii ．小袋，小包rational / 'ræʃənəl / adj．合理的注释：1. Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs: 句中的could 是一种委婉表达建议的用词，意为“可以”。

The Old GateIn the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive (1) __but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious (2) __. The Old City of London gates were all (3) __by the end of the 18th century. The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, but by a (4) __ of luck, it was never destroyed.This gate is, in (5) __fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the (6) __between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in (7) __ because its design was (8) __ it was expensive to (9) __ and it was blocking the traffic.The Temple Bar Trust was (10) __ in the 1970's with the intention of returning the gate home. The aim of the trust is the (11) __ of the nation's architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it (12) __, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be (13)__, though there is a good (14) __ that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest (15) __ of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.词汇：contagious / kən'teidʒəs / adj. 传染性的，会蔓延的demolish / di'mɔliʃ/ vt.拆除，破坏stroke / strəuk / n. 打击preservation / ,prezə'veiʃən / n. 保存，保留boundary / 'baundəri / n. 范围，分界线cathedral / kə'θi:drəl / n. 保留，保存注释:1. mark the boundary between ... and... : ……在……和……两者之间划定界限2. there is a good chance that... : 很有可能发生某事，有……的机会练习:1. A) grounds B) reasons C) causes D) purposes2. A) injuries B) symptoms C) colds D) diseases3. A) devoted B) demolished C) declared D) decreased4. A) stroke B) wave C) hit D) blow5. A) real B) contemporary C) actual6. A) borders B) part C) boundary D) current7. A) storage B) store C) storing D) line8. A) unrealistic B) unfashionable C) unavailable D) stock9. A) maintain B) afford C) repair D) unbearable10. A) set out B} set up C) set off D) fix11. A) preservation B) reservation C) conservation D) set back12. A) up B) over C) on D) down13. A) replaced B) substituted C) exchanged D) overtaken14. A) capacity B) opportunity C) possibility D) chance15 A) requirement B) job C) necessity D) obligation答案与题解:1. B A选项grounds 意为"理由，基础" ;C 选项causes 意为"原因" ; D 选项purposes 意为"目的;意志"。

第六篇Teaching and learningMany teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the (1) information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The (2) ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of(3) learning, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned (4) with brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is (5) responsible for learning the material assigned. When research is (6) assigned , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with (7) minimum guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain (8) how a university library works; they expect students (9) particularly graduate students to exhaust the reference (10) sources in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but (11) prefer that their students should not be (12) too dependent on them. In the United Stats professors have many other duties (13) besides teaching，such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (14) limited. If a student has problems with classroom work , the student should either (15) approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment.*第七篇The Difference between Man and ComputerWhat makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don’t yet (1) account for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about (2) what they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand，don't. In fact，computers don't (3) even have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer (4) program is to be a model of story understanding ，it should also read for a "purpose".Of course ，people have several goals that do not make (5) sense to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guide (6) in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to (7) find a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.However ，these physiological and social goals give (8)rise to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (9) information about the name of a restaurant which (10) serves the desired type of food ，how expensive the restaurant is，the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (11) acquire information or knowledge, what we are calling (12) learning goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer (13) might "want" to find out the location of a restaurant ，and read a guide in order to do so (14) in the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not (15) arise out of hunger in the case of the computer，it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.*第八篇Look on The Bright SideDo you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always (1) expected to be successful? Having someone around who always (2) fears the worst isn’t really a lot of (3) fun . We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says ，"It looks ( 4 ) like rain. " But if you catch yourself thinking such things，it's important to do something (5) about it.You can change your view of life ，(6) according to psychologists. It only takes a little effort ，and you'll find life more rewarding as a (7) result . Optimism，they say，is partly about self-respect and confidence but it's also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to (8) offer . Optimists are more (9) likely to start new projects and are generally more preparedto take risks.Upbringing is obviously very important in forming your (10) attitude to the world. Some people are brought up to (11) depend too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything (12) goes wrong. Most optimists，on the (13 ) other hand, have been brought up not to (14) regard failure as the end of the world—they just (15) get on with their lives.*第九篇The First BicycleThe history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years. In 1791，Count de Sivrac (1) delighted onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention ，a machine called the celeriferé. It was basically an (2) enlarged version of a children’s toy which had been in (3) use for many years. Sivrac's "celeriferéhad a wooden frame，made in the (4) shape of a horse ，which was mounted on a wheel at either end. To ride it ，you sat on a small seat ，just like a modem bicycle ，and pushed (5) hard against the (6) ground with your legs—there were no pedals. It was impossible to steer a celeriferéand it had no brakes，but despite these problems the invention very much (7) appealed to the fashionable young men of Paris. Soon they were (8) holding races up and down the streets.Minor (9) injuries were common as riders attempted a final burst of ( 10 ) speed. Controlling the machine was difficult ，as the only way to change (11) direction was to pull up the front of the "celeriferé" and (12) turn it round while the front wheel was (13) spinning in the air. "Celeriferés" were not popular for long ，however ，as the (14) combination of no springs ，no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable. Even so，the wooden celeriferéwas the (15) origin of the modem bicycle.*第十篇Working MothersCarefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems，compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal (1) view is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish. Whether we like it or not ，there are a (2) number of mothers who just have to work.. There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot (3) afford see it lost. Then there are many who must work out of pure economic (4) necessity. Many mothers are not (5) cut out to be full-time parents. After a few months at home with a much loved infant ，they feel trapped and isolated.There are a number of options when it (6) comes to choosing childcare. These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady (7) across the street. (8) In reality, however ，many parents don't have any choice; they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared! No (9) matter how good the childcare may be ，some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a (10) perfectly normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months，but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family (11) members . Make sure that in the first week you allow (12) plenty of time to help your child settle in.All children are different. Some are independent ，while others are more (13)attached to their mothers. Remember that if you want to (14) do the best for your children ，it's not the quantity of time you spend with them，it's the (15) quality that matters.+第十一篇School LunchResearch has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat (1) properly in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to (2) provide meals at lunchtime. Children can (3) choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.One shocking (4) finding of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict (5) standards for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one (6) portion of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes (7) examined by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children (8) consume twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime.The research will provide a better (9) understanding of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has (10) increased in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot (11) criticize parents, but it can remind them of the (12) nutritional value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can (13) affect their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating (14) habits at this age, and parents are the only ones who can (15) prevent it.+第十二篇 A Powerful InfluenceThere can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly (1) ever doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are (2) curious to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be (3) harmful to their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time (4) staring at their computers?Obviously; if children are bent over their computers for hours, (5) absorbed in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should (6) make of the Internet, and the child should give his or her (7) word that it won’t interfere with homework. If the child is not (8) holding to this arrangement, the parent can take more drastic (9)steps dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from (10) negotiating any other soft of bargain about behaviour.Any parent who is (11) seriously alarmed about a child's behaviour should make an appointment to (12) discuss the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not (13) necessarily affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is (14) absolutely crazy about using the Internet，he or she is probably just (15) going through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!+第十三篇The Old GateIn the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them. This was partly for defensive (1) reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious (2) diseases. The Old City of London gates were all (3) demolished by the end of the 18th century. The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, but by a (4) stroke of luck, it was never destroyed.This gate is, in (5) actual fact, not called a gate at all; its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the (6) boundary between the Old City of London and Westminster. In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar down, numbered the stones and put the gate in (7) storage because its design was (8) unfashionable it was expensive to (9) maintain and it was blocking the traffic.The Temple Bar Trust was (10) set up in the 1970's with the intention of returning the gate home. The aim of the trust is the (11) preservation of the nation's architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it (12) down, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral. Most of the facade of the gate will probably be (13) replaced, though there is a good (14) chance that the basic structure will be sound. The hardest (15) job of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.+第十四篇Family HistoryIn an age when technology is developing faster than ever before, many people are being (1) attracted to the idea of looking back into the past. One way they can do this is by ìinvestigating their own family history. They can try to (2) find out more about where their families came from and what they did, This is now a fast—growing hobby, especially in countries with a (3) fairly short history, like Australia and the United States.It is (4) one thing to spend some time (5) going through a book on family history and to take the (6) decision to investigate your own family's past. It is (7) quite another to carry out the research work successfully. It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and (8) cause yourself many problems which could have been (9) avoided with a little forward planning.If your own family stories tell you that you are (10)connected with a famous character, whether hero or criminal, do not let this idea take over your research. Just (11) treat it as aninteresting possibility. A simple system (12) for collecting and storing your information willbe adequate to start with; a more complex one may only get in your (13) way. The mostimportant thing, though, is to (14) get started. Who knows what you (15) might find?+第十五篇Helen and MartinWith a thoughtful sigh, Helen turned away from the window and wa1ked back to her favourite armchair. (1) Would her brother never arrive? For a brief moment, she wondered if she really cared that much.Over the years Helen had given (2) up waiting for Martin to take an interest in her.Her feelings for him had gradually (3) weakened until now, as she sat waiting for him, she experienced no more than asister's. (4) curiosity to see what had (5) become of her brother.Almost without (6) warning , Martin had lost, his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office. Somehow the two of them hadn't (7) bothered to keep in touch and, left alone, Helen had slowly found her (8) confidence in her own judgment growing. (9) Ignoring the wishes of her parents, she had left university halfway (l0) through her course and now, to the astonishment of the whole family, she was (11) gaining a fast-growing reputation in the pages of respected art magazines and was actually earning enough to live (12) on from her paintings.Of course, she (13) took no pleasure in Martin's sudden misfortune, but she couldn't (14) help looking forward to her brother's arrival with (15) quiet satisfaction at what she had achieved.。

1Captain Cook Arrow Legend It was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has finally ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook who died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779.―Th ere is no Cook in the Australian Museum,‖ museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook's bone. But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its exhibition, ―Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum,‖ which does include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani‘opu‘u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain‘s great explorers and is credited with discovering the ―Great South Land,‖ now Australia, in 1770. He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii.The legend of Cook‘s arrow began in 1824 when Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams, a London surgeon and relative of Cook‘s wife, saying it was m ade of Cook‘s bone after the fatal fight with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued until it came face-to-face with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook‘s bone but was more likely made of animal bone, said Philp. However, Cook‘s fans refuse to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not al l of Cook‘s body was buried at sea in 1779. ―On this occasion technology has won,‖ said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captain Cook Society, in a statement from Britain. ―But I am sure that one of these days...one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.2Avalanche and Its SafetyAn avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are among the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope that supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is likely to cause an avalanche, is a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degreesor steeper than 60 degrees typically have alow risk of avalanche. Snow does notgather significantly on steep slopes; also,snow does not flow easily on flatslopes. Human-triggered avalanches have thegreatest incidence when the snow's angle ofrest is between35 and 45 degrees; thecritical angle, the angle at which the humanincidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38degrees. The rule of thumb is: A slope that isflat enough to hold snow but steepenough to ski has the potential to generate anavalanche, regardless of the angle.Additionally, avalanche risk increases withuse; that is, the more a slope is disturbed byskiers, the more likely it is that an avalanchewill occur.Due to the complexity of the subject,winter travelling in the backcountry is never100% safe. Good avalanche safety is acontinuous process, including routeselection and examination of the snowpack,weather conditions, and human factors.Several well-known good habits can alsoreduce the risk. If local authorities issueavalanche risk reports, they should beconsidered and all warnings should be paidprice to. Never follow in the tracks of otherswithout your own evaluations; snowconditions are almost certain to havechanged since they were made. Observe theterrain and note obvious avalanche pathswhere plants are missing or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who mighttrigger an avalanche.3Animal's "Sixth Sense"A tsunami was triggered by anearthquake in the Indian Ocean in December,2004. It killed tens of thousands of people inAsia and East Africa. Wild animals, however,seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami.This phenomenon adds weight to notionsthat1they possess a "sixth sense" fordisasters, experts said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have saidthe giant waves that killed over 24,000people along the Indian Ocean island's coastclearly missed wild beasts, with no deadanimals found."No elephants are dead, not even a deadrabbit. I think animals can sense disaster.They have a sixth sense. They know whenthings are happening," H. D. Ratnayake,deputy director of Sri Lanka's WildlifeDepartment, said about one month after thetsunami attack. The waves washedfloodwaters up to 2 miles inland at YalaNational Park in the ravaged southeast, SriLanka's biggest wildlife reserve and home tohundreds of wild elephants and severalleopards."There has been a lot of apparentevidence about dogs barking or birdsmigrating before volcanic eruptions orearthquakes. But it has not been proven,"said Matthew van Lierop, an animalbehavior specialist at Johannesburg Zoo."There have been no specific studiesbecause you can't really test it in a lab orfield setting2," he told Reuters. Otherauthorities concurred with this assessment."Wildlife seem to be able to pick upcertain phenomenon, especially birds...there are many reports of birds detectingimpending disasters," said Clive Walker,who has written several books on Africanwildlife.Animals certainly rely on the knownsenses such as smell or hearing to avoiddanger such as predators.The notion of an animal "sixth sense"—or some other mythical power —is anenduring one3which the evidence on SriLanka's ravaged coast is likely to add to.The Romans saw owls as omens ofimpending disaster and many ancientcultures viewed elephants as sacred animalsendowed with special powers or attributes.4Singing Alarms Could Save theBlindIf you cannot see, you may not be ableto1find your way out of a burning building—and that could be fatal. A company inLeeds could change all that2with directionalsound alarms capable of guiding you to theexit.Sound Alert, a company run by theUniversity of Leeds, is installing the alarmsin a residential home for blind people inSommerset and a resource centre for theblind in Cumbria. The alarms produce awide range of frequencies that enable thebrain to determine where the sound iscoming from.Deborah Withington of Sound Alertsays that the alarms use most of thefrequencies that can be heaed by humans. "Itis a burst of white noise that people saysounds like static on the radio," she says. "Itslife-saving potential is great."She conducted an experiment in whichpeople were filmed by thermal-imagingcameras trying to find their way out of3alarge smoke-filled room. It took them nearlyfour minutes to find the door without asound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.Withington studies how the brainprocesses sounds at the university. She saysthat the source of a wide band offrequencies can be pinpointed more easilythan the source of a narrow band. Alarmsbased on the same concept have alreadybeen installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include rising or fallingfrequencies to indicate whether peopleshould go up or down stairs. They were developed with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.5Car Thieves could Be Stopped RemotelySpeeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is in a nasty surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.For now, such devices are only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, and should be available to ordinary cars in the UK in two months.The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the carincorporates a miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver. if the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle‘s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.There are even plans for immobilizers whose shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.In the UK. an array of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. ―The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,‖ says MartynRandall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in part by the motor insurance industry.He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will not allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by g etting hold of the owner‘s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owner‘s keys double the previous year‘s figure.Remote-controlled immobilization system would put a major new obstacle in the criminal‘s w ay by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standardsfor a system that could go on the marketsooner than the customer expects6An Intelligent CarDriving needs sharp eyes, keen ears,quick brain, and coordination between handsand the brain. Many human drivers have allthese and can control a fast-moving car. Buthow does an intelligent car control itself?There is a virtual driver in the smart car.This virtual driver has―eyes,‖‖brains,‖‖hands‖ and ‖feet,‖ too. Theminicameras on each side of the car are his―eyes,‖ which observe the road conditionsahead of it. They watch the traffic to thecar‘s left and right. There is also a highlyautomatic driving system in the car. It is thebuild-in computer, which is the virtualdriver‘s ―brain,‖ His ‗brain‖ calculates thespeeds of other moving cars near it andanalyzes their positions. Basing on thisinformation, it chooses the right path for theintelligent car, and gives instructions to the―hands‖ and ―feet‖ to act accordingly. In thisway, the virtual driver controls his car.What is the virtual driver‘s bestadvantage? He reacts quickly. Theminicameras are sending imagescontinuously to the ―brain.‖ It completes theprocessing of the images within 100milliseconds. However, the world‘s bestdriver at least needs one second to react.besides , when he takes action, he needs onemore second.The virtual driver is really wonderful.He can reduce the accident rate considerablyon expressways. In this case, can we let himhave the wheel at any time and in any place?Experts warn that we cannot do thatjust yet,. His ability to recognize things isstill limited. He can now only drive anintelligent car on expressways.7A Biological ClockEvery living thing has what scientistscall a biological clock that controls behavior.The biological clock tells plants when toform flowers and when the flowers shouldopen1. It tells insects when to leave theprotective cocoons and fly away, and it tellsanimals and human beings when to eat, sleepand wake.Events outside the plant and animalaffect the actions of some biological clocks.Scientists recently found, for example, that atiny animal changes the color of its furbecause of the number of hours of daylight.In the short days of winter, its fur becomeswhite. The fur becomes gray brown in colorin the longer hours of daylight in summer.Inner signals control other biologicalclocks. German scientists found that somekind of internal clock seems to order birds tobegin their long migration flight twice eachyear. Birds prevented form flying becomerestless when it is time for the trip, but theybecome calm again when the time of theflight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning tolearn which parts of the braincontain biological clocks. An Americanresearcher, Martin Moorhead, said a small,group of cells near the front of the brainseems to control the timing of some of ouractions. These cells tell a person when toawaken,when to sleep and when to seekfood. Scientists say, there probably are otherbiological clock cells that control other bodyactivities.Dr. Moorhead is studying how ourbiological clocks affect the way we do ourwork2. For example, most of us have greatdifficulty if we must often change todifferent work hours.it can take3 many days for a human body toaccept the major change in work hours. Dr.Moorhead said industrial officials shouldhave a better understanding of biologicalclocks and how they affect workers. He saidsuch understanding could cut sickness andaccidents at work and Would help increase afactory's production.8Wonder WebsSpider webs are more than homes, andthey are ingenious traps. And the world‘sbest web spinner may be the Golden OrbWeaver spider. The female Orb Weaver spinsa web of fibers thin enough to be invisible toinsect prey, yet tough enough to snare aflying bird without breaking.The secret of the web‘s strength? Atype of super-resilient silk called dragline.When the female spider is ready to weavethe web‘s spokes and frame, she uses herlegs to draw the airy thread out through ahollow nozzle in her belly. Dragline is notsticky, so the spider can race back and forthalong it to spin the web‘s trademark spiral.Unlike some spiders that weave a new webevery day, a Golden Orb Weaver reuses herhandiwork until it falls apart, sometimes notfor two years. The silky thread is five timesstronger than steel by weight and absorbs theforce of an impact three times better thanKevlar, a high-strength human-madematerial used in bullet-proof vests. Andthanks to its high tensile strength, or theability to resist breaking under the pullingforce called tension, a single strand canstretch up to 40 percentlonger than its original length and snapback as well as new. No human-made fibereven comes close.It is no wonder manufacturers areclamoring for spider silk. In the consumer pipeline: High-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run. Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables. A steady supply of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars –but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not work because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline. The first step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders. Next, implant the genes into goat egg cells. The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their milk. ―The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without any help from us,‖ says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner. Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers as fast as the real thing snags bugs.9Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of money: yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use different currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1 : Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2100 years. At the turn of the 20th century , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency within one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different countriesVriesekoop3is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money gathered from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1, 280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets, street vendors and cafes, because those businesses often rely on cash.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria — no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most —about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.What we call ―paper money‖ usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly cotton Different countries may use different materials to print their money. Some of the currencies studied byVriesekoop and his team, such as theAmerican dollar, were made from cotton.Others were made from polymers.The three currencies with the lowestnumbers of bacteria were all printed onpolymers. They included the Australiandollar, the New Zealand dollar and someMexican pesos.The other currencies were printed onfabric made mostly of cotton. Fewer germslived on the polymer notes. This connectionsuggests that germs have a harder timestaying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientistsneed to do more studies to understand howgerms live on money — and whether or notwe need to be concerned. Vriesekoop is nowstarting a study that will compare theamounts of time bacteria can stay alive ondifferent types of bills.Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the factremains: Paper money harbors germs. Weshould wash our hands after touching it;after all5, you never know where yourmoney's been. Or what's living on it.10Chicken Soup for the Soul:Comfort Food FightsLonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese,may be bad for your arteries, but accordingto a study in Psychological Science, they'regood for your heart and emotions Thestudy focuses on ―comfort food1‖ and how itmakes people feel.―For me personally, food has alwaysplayed a big role in my family, ‖ says JordanTroisi, a graduate student2 at the Universityof Buffalo3, and lead author4 on the study.The study came out of the research programof his co-author Shira Gabriel. It has lookedat non-human things that may affect humanemotions. Some people reduce loneliness bybonding with their favorite TV show,building virtual relationships with a pop songsinger or looking at pictures of loved ones.Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort foodcould have the same effect by making peoplethink of their nearest and dearest5.In one experiment, in order to makeprofessors feel lonely, the researchers hadthem write for six minutes about a fight withsomeone close to them. Others were given anemotionally neutral writing assignment.Then, some people in each group wroteabout the experience of eating a comfortfood and others wrote about eating a newfood. finally, the researchers hadparticipants complete questions abouttheir levels of loneliness6.Writing about a fight with a closeperson made people feel lonely. But peoplewho were generally secure in theirrelationships would feel less lonely bywriting about a comfort food. ―We havefound that comfort foods are consistentlyassociated with those close to us, ‖ saysTroisi. ―Thinking about or consuming thesefoods later then serves as a reminder of thoseclose others. ‖ In their essays on comfortfood, many people wrote about theexperience of eating food with family andfriends.In another experiment, eating chickensoup in the lab made people think moreabout relationships, but only if7 theyconsidered chicken soup to be a comfortfood. This was a question they had beenasked long before the experiment, along withmany other questions, so they wouldn'tremember it.Throughout everyone's daily lives8 theyexperience stress, often associated with ourconnections with others, ― Troisisays. ‖Comfort food can be an easy remedyfor loneliness.11Climate Change Poses MajorRisks for Unprepared CitiesA new examination of urban policieshas been carried out recently by PatriciaRomero Lankao. She is a sociologistspecializing in climate change and urbandevelopment. She warns that many of theworld's fast-growing urban areas, especiallyin developing countries, will likely1 sufferfrom the impacts of changing climate. Herwork also concludes that most cities arefailing to reduce emissions of carbondioxide and other greenhouse gases. Thesegases are known to affect atmosphere.―Climate changes a deeply local issue andposes profound threats to the growing citiesof the world，‖ says Romero Lankao. ―Buttoo few cities are developing effectivestrategies to protect their residents. ‖Cities are major sources of greenhousegases. And urban populations are likely to2be among those most severely affected byfuture climate change. Lankao's findings3highlight ways in which city-residents areparticularly vulnerable, and suggest policyinterventions that could offer immediate andlonger-term benefits.The locations and dense constructionpatterns of cities often place theirpopulations at greater risk for naturaldisasters. Potential threats associated withclimate include storm surges4 and prolongedhot weather. Storm surges can flood coastalareas and prolonged hot weather can heatheavily paved cities5 more than surroundingareas. The impacts of such natural events canbe more serious in an urban environment.For example, a prolonged heat wave canincrease existing levels of air pollution,causing widespread health problems.Poorer neighborhoods that may lack basicfacilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads, are especially vulnerable to natural disasters. Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing without access to reliable drinking water, roads and basic services.Local governments,therefore, should take measures to protect their residents. ―Unfortunately, they tend to move towards rhetoric rather than meaningful responses7, ‖ Romero Lankao writes. ― They don't impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands-off approach8. ‖ Thus, she urges them to change theiridle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.12Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk Fast food outlets could1provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London2 suggest in a new study.Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy ―LDL‖ cholesterol3 in the blood. A wealth of trial data4has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person's heart attack riskIn a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology5, Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.Dr Francis, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, who is the senior author of the study, said: ―Statins don't cut out all of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries6. It's better to avoid fatty food altogether. But we've worked out that in terms of your possobility of having a heart attack, taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increases it. ‖―It's ironic that people a re free to take as many unhealthy condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense7to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge. It would cost less than 5 pence per customer—not much different to a sachet of sugar8, ‖Dr Francis said.When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they're encouraged to takemeasures that lower their risk, like wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.。

2012年职称英语理工类B级新增文章阅读理解（2篇）*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety完形填空（2篇）*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan土卫六上发现了生命迹象Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturn's moon2. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA3,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.科学家们说，在土卫六上发现了外星生命迹象并宣布了这一发现。

美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的研究者们对卡西尼号探测器所传回来的数据进行了分析，数据表明，土星卫星中最大的一颗卫星有以甲烷为基础的生命的存在迹象。

Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing" in Titan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.据报道，科学家们已经找到了在土卫六高浓度氢气大气层里“呼吸”的原始外星生命的线索。

（理工类）12年完形填空1-15篇含新增内容及答案第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend 库克船长箭传说It was a great legend while it lasted，but DNA testing has finally（最终）ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook who died in the Sandwich Islands’in 1779.这本是个绝妙的传说，但DNA测试最终结束了这个长达两个世纪之久的古老故事。

传说是关于一支据说是用1779年在桑伟奇群岛死去的英国探险家船长詹姆士库克的遗骨刻成的夏威夷弓箭。

―There is no Cook in the Australian Museum，’’museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’S bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its exhibition（展览会），―Uncovered：Treasures of the Australian Museum,‖ which(5) does include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778.在不久前DNA 证据宣布该弓箭并非来自于库克船长的遗骨时，奥大利亚博物馆收藏经理尤大书?菲利普说：“澳大利亚博物馆里并没有库克的遗骨。

2012英语一完形填空2012年英语一完形填空的内容如下：Title: The Power of PerseveranceIn our journey through life, we often encounter challenges and setbacks that test our determination. The story of John, a young man who overcame great difficulties, serves as an inspiring example of the power of perseverance.John grew up in a small town with limited opportunities. His parents struggled to make ends meet, and he faced constant financial hardships. Despite the odds stacked against him, John had big dreams. He aspired to become a successful engineer and make a difference in the world.As he entered high school, John faced a new set of challenges. He was not a naturally gifted student, and the rigorous coursework seemed overwhelming. However, herefused to give up. John sought help from his teachers, spent countless hours studying, and developed effective study habits. Slowly but surely, his grades began to improve.Outside of academics, John also faced personal setbacks. He was often ridiculed by his classmates for his humble background and lack of material possessions. However, instead of letting their words discourage him, John used their criticism as motivation to prove them wrong. Hejoined extracurricular activities, such as the schooldebate team and community service projects, where he showcased his talents and dedication.As John approached graduation, he faced yet another obstacle. The cost of college seemed insurmountable, andhis family could not afford to support his education. However, John refused to let financial limitations stand in his way. He applied for scholarships, grants, and part-time jobs to fund his studies. Through his determination andhard work, he secured enough financial aid to attend his dream university.Throughout his college years, John continued to face challenges. The coursework was demanding, and he often felt overwhelmed. However, he sought guidance from professors, formed study groups with classmates, and utilized campus resources. He persevered through sleepless nights and countless setbacks, never losing sight of his goals.Finally, after years of hard work, John graduated with honors and landed a prestigious engineering job. His story serves as a reminder that success is not always determined by innate talent or privileged backgrounds. It is the power of perseverance and the refusal to give up in the face of adversity that truly leads to triumph.In conclusion, the story of John exemplifies the importance of perseverance in achieving our goals. Nomatter the obstacles we face, with determination, hard work, and a positive mindset, we can overcome any challenge. Let John's story inspire us to never give up on our dreams andto always believe in our abilities.。

2012年职称英语考试（综合类A级）完形填空原文及译文目录+11 School Lunch（学校午餐） (1)+12 A Powerful Influence（强大的影响） (2)+13 The Old Gate（古老之门） (2)+14 Family History（家族史） (3)+15 Helen and Martin（海伦和马丁） (4)+11 School Lunch（学校午餐）研究显示，在英国超过一半以上的儿童将午餐带到学校去吃而不是在中午饭点正常吃。

英国学校在午餐时间会正常提供午餐，孩子们可以选择带餐过去或者在食堂就餐。

在此项研究中，一项令人震惊的发现显示，学校提供的午餐比家长准备的更加健康。

学校午餐有着严格的准备标准：包括一份水果、一种蔬菜和肉、奶制品以及含有大量淀粉的食物，如面包、意大利面食。

然而被检查的学生自带的饭盒中含有甜饮料、薯条和巧克力棒。

学生摄取的糖分是他们应当在午餐中摄取的2倍。

这份调查研究对为什么在过去的十年中英国学生的超重人数上升提供了一个更好的解释。

但不幸的是，政府不能批评家长但却可以提醒他们牛奶、水果、蔬菜的营养价值。

孩子们饮食上小小的改变可能会影响他们未来的健康。

孩子们在这样的年龄段很容易养成坏习惯，家长却是唯一能够阻止这件事发生的人。

Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat (1) properly in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to (2) provide meals at lunchtime. Children can (3) choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.One shocking (4) finding of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict (5) standards for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one (6) portion of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes (7) examined by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children (8) consume twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime.The research will provide a better (9) understanding of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has (10) increased in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot (11) criticize parents, but it can remind them of the (12) nutritional value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can (13) affect their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating (14) habits at this age, and parents are the only ones who can (15) prevent it.+12 A Powerful Influence（强大的影响）毫无疑问，互联网给我们的生活带来了巨大改变，家长们担心孩子们在网上花费大量的时间，在他们的课余时间几乎不做其他事情。

2012 年重点阅读理解及完形填空文章第一部分：阅读理解...........................................................................................................................理工类C 级................................................................................................................................. 第六篇Making Light of1 Sleep【不要太在意睡眠】.........................................................第十九篇Graphene's Superstrength【石墨烯的超强力量】............................................理工类B 级................................................................................................................................. *第三十八篇“Life Form Found” on Saturn's Titan【土卫六上发现了生命迹象】...........*第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety【教数学，教焦虑】...................................理工类A 级................................................................................................................................. +第四十五篇Small But Wise【小而聪明】....................................................................+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Enviro nment as “Ecosystem Engineers”【蚂蚁作为“生态系统工程师”对环境影响巨大】........................................................................第二部分：完形填空...........................................................................................................................理工类C 级................................................................................................................................. 第三篇Germs on Banknotes【纸币上的病菌】................................................................第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights Loneliness【心灵鸡汤：爽心食品排解孤独感】...................................................................................................................理工类B 级................................................................................................................................. *第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities【气候变化给不备城市带来重大风险】...........................................................................................................*第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk【快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险】...........................................................................理工类A 级................................................................................................................................. +第十三篇Solar Power without Solar Cells【没有太阳能电池的太阳能】......................+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage【“液化”是日本地震破坏的关键】...............................................................................................................第四部分阅读理解理工类C 级第六篇Making Light of1 Sleep【不要太在意睡眠】All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, yourinternal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. Theclock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get yourbody's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6when they don't get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence, RI7. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night playimportant roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8 were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.练习：1. The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock becauseA it controls when we wake, when we eat and when we sleep.B it has a cycle of 24 hours.C it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm.D it can alarm any time during 24 hours.2. What is implied in the second paragraph?A Young children's biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.B People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock.C Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.D Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen.3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader thatA it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late.B staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn.C during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of gray cloud.D it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morning.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?A Our biological clock resets itself automatically.B light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.C Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.D Our internal clock, like the alarm clock, can be reset.5. According to the last two paragraphs, what did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?A The human eye had two light-sensing systems.B The human eye had one light-sensing system.C The human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night.D The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.答案1. B2. C3. B4. C5. B第六篇不要太在意睡眠我们每个人的大脑里都有一个像我们床边的闹钟一样的生物钟。

2012年职称英语理工、综合和卫生教材（电子版已经发布，欢迎下载）完形填空（6篇）第三篇Germs on Banknotes第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness*第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk+第十三篇Solar Power without Solar Cells+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章2、阅读理解3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化第三篇Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of 1 yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2 currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 .Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6 from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7 those businesses often rely on cash.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.What we call “paper” money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8 .Different countries may use different 9 to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15 after touching it; after all5, you never know where your money 's been. Or what's living on it词汇：pesos/pi:səvs/ n ．比索bacterium /kæk'tiəriəm/ n ．细菌（单数）germ/dʒə:m/ n．病菌bacteria /bæktiəriə／细菌（复数）banknote/bæŋknəvt/ n．纸币centimeter/senti,mi:tə。

第二篇 Going on a dietA typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart 1beating and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating2properly and, your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person 3 gains weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to 4reduce the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic 5principle behind going on a diet.6 Unfortunately，diets don't work for most people. They do lose weight but then 7go off the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to 8maintaining a consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you 9actually take in. The next step is to add ，exercise so that you can 10raise the number of calories you can consume per day. Exercise charts can show you how many calories different 11forms of exercise can burn. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can 12make a big difference. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can 13climb the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise 14partner. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. It's a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothes if you are on a diet. 15Tight clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish. 第十二篇 DreamsEveryone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those who 1claim that they never dream at all actually dream 2just as frequently as the rest of us, 3though they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectly 4aware of dreaming night 5after night very seldom remember those dreams in 6great detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions. Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our 7senses , so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．One of the world's oldest 8known written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you can 9see that dreams were believed to have a special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that you 10should never ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return 11in time if the sleeper were suddenly 12awoken .From ancient times to the present 13day ,people have been 14making attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream 15as there are books．*第八篇 Old And ActiveIt is well—known that life expectancy is longer in Japan than in most other countries.A 1recent report also shows that Japan has the longest health expectancy in the world．A healthy long life is the result of 2improvement in social environment. Scientists are trying to work3out exactly what keeps elderly Japanese people so healthy, and whether there is a lesson to be 4learnt from their lifestyles for the rest of us. Should we 5 make any changes to our eating habits, for instance, or go jogging each day before breakfast? Is there some secret 6 ingredient in the Japanese diet that is particularly 7 beneficial to the human body?Another factor 8 contributing to the rapid population aging in Japan is a decline in birthrate．Although longer life should be celebrated, it is 9 actually considered a social problem．The number of older people had 10 doubled in the last half century and that has increased pension and medical costs．The country could soon be 11 facing an economic problem, if there are so many old people to be looked 12 after and relatively few younger people working and paying taxes to support them．13 Raising the retirement age from 65 to 70 could be one solution to the problem. Work can give the elderly a 14 sense of responsibility and mission in life. It’s important that the elderly play active 15 roles in the society and live in harmony with all generations.+第十四篇 A Health ProfileA Health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health．To draw your health profile，you will 1 need to know what diseases run in your family，what health hazards you may be exposed to 2 at work,ow your daily 3 diet compares to the recommended standards，how nluch time per week you 4 spend exercising and what type of exercise you engage 5 in ,how stressful your work and family environments are，what kinds of illnesses you get regularly,and 6 whether or not you have any one of a number of addictions. 7 To complete this portrait,you should have a checkup to determine how your blood，heart， and lungs are functioning.This checkup will serve8as a baseline,to which you can then compare later tests．9 Once this profile is thoroughly drawn，you can begin to think about setting health priorities based 10 0n your particular portrait．For example，if you drink two martinis every evening,have a high-stress11 job ,are overweight，smoke a pack of cigarettes a day,and use marijuana occasionally on weekends， you should quit smoking first，followed 12 by losing the excess weight，reducing the stress of your job，giving up your marihuana habit，and then finally giveing some 13 thought to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer，and then heart disease． Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life,who is 14 in excellent health．a good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will 15 benefit him in the future．+第十五篇 Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred YearsA hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these 1 ages are rising all the time. What has brought 2 about these changes? When we look at the life_3 span_of people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatest_ 4 killers of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and often 5 highly infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In the6 developed world these diseases are far7 1ess today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of_8 factors_have led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which9 make _bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations10 against _common diseases. 11 In addition, people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 but_12 while _people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those 13 spread by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect14 older people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity 15 leading to_more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases"，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.。