2017-2018学年天津市第一中学高二上学期期末考试化学试题 Word版

易错点十一电离平衡模拟题训练小题快练1．（2018届江苏南京市、盐城市高三第一次模拟考试）已知：25℃时H2C2O4的pK a1=1.22，pK a2=4.19，CH3COOH 的pK a=4.76 (电离常数K的负对数-1gK=pK)。

下列说法正确的是A. 浓度均为0.1mol·L-1NH4HC2O4和CH3COONH4溶液中：c(NH4+)前者小于后者B. 0.1 mol·L-1KHC2 O 4溶液滴加氨水至中性： (NH4+)<c(C2O42-)C. 0.1 mol·L-1K2C2O4溶液滴加盐酸至pH=1.22： C(H+)-c(OH-)=c(Cl-)-3c(HC2O4-)D. 0.1 mol·L-1CH3COONa 溶液中滴加KHC2O4溶液至PH=4.76；c(K+)>c(Na+)>c( HC2O4-)>c(C2O42- )>c(CH3COO-)2．（2018届湖北省黄冈市高三上学期元月调研考试）室温时，配制一组c(H2A)+c(HA-)+c(A2-)=0.10mol·L-1的H2A 和NaOH 混合溶液，溶液中部分微粒的物质的量浓度随pH的变化曲线如图所示。

下列说法正确的是A. c(Na+)=0.10mol·L-1 的溶液中，c(A2-)-c(H+)=c(H2A)-c(OH-)B. pH=4 的溶液中，c(HA-)=c(H2A)+c(A2-)C. pH=7的溶液中，c(Na+)=c(A2-)+c(HA-)D. K1(H2A)的数量级为10-53．（2018届黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学高三上学期期末）25℃时，下列溶液中各微粒的浓度关系正确的是（）A. pH=2的CH3COOH溶液与pH=12的NaOH溶液等体积混合：c(Na+) >c(CH3COO-）>c(OH-)>c(H+)B. 含等物质的量的CH3COONa溶液和CH3COOH的混合溶液中：c(Na+) >c(CH3COOH）>c(CH3COO-）>c(H+)>c(OH-)C. 0.1mol/LCH3COONa溶液与0.1mol/LHCl溶液混合至pH=7：c(Na+) =c(Cl-）>c(OH-)=c(H+)D. 0.1mol/LNa2CO3溶液与0.1mol/LNaHCO3溶液等体积混合：2c(Na+) =3[c(CO32-) +c(HCO3-)+ c(H2CO3)]4．（2018届河南省中原名校高三上学期第五次联考）在25℃下，稀释HA、HB 两种酸溶液，溶液pH变化的曲线如图所示，其中V1表示稀释前酸的体积，V2表示稀释后溶液的体积，a点时，HB溶液中B的物质的量分数，下列说法正确的是A. HA、HB都是弱酸B. 加水稀释过程中，δ(B )减小C. NaB溶液中，c(Na+)=c(B-)+c(OH-)D. 曲线上b、c两点c(B-)/[c(HB)·c(OH-)]相等5．（2018届河南省中原名校高三上学期第五次联考）25℃时，有下列几种浓度均为0.1mol/L 的溶液，下列说法正确的是A. 0.1mol/L NaHSO3溶液的pH=4,则水电离出的c(H+)=10-4mol/LB. 物质的量浓度均为0.1mol/L的Na2CO3和NaHCO3的等体积混合溶液中:2c(OH-)-2c(H+)=3c(H2CO3)+c(HCO3-)-c(CO32-)C. pH=a的NaClO溶液中加入Na2CO3溶液后，溶液pH<aD. 等体积等浓度的稀H2SO4溶液、NaOH溶液混合后溶液pH=76．（2018届北京市西城区重点中学高三上学期期末）下列方法中，可以使0.10 mol·L-1 CH3COOH溶液中CH3COOH电离程度增大的是A. 加入少量冰醋酸B. 加水稀释C. 加入少量氯化钠固体D. 加入少量醋酸钠固体7．（2018届陕西省西安市长安区第一中学高三上学期第五次质量检测）常温下，0.1 mol·L －1某一元酸(HA)溶液的pH＝3。

天津一中2020-2021-2高二年级化学学科期末考试试卷本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）、第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共100分，考试用时60分钟。

第I卷1至2页，第II卷 3至4页。

考生务必将答案涂写规定的位置上，答在试卷上的无效。

祝各位考生考试顺利!第I卷一、选择题（共48分，每题只有1个正确选项）1．化学与生产和生活密切相关。

下列有关说法正确的是A．医用酒精中乙醇的体积分数为95%B．生产 N95 口罩的“熔喷布”主要原料聚丙烯能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色C．聚氯乙烯塑料制品可用于食品包装D．洗衣粉的主要成分之一是十二烷基苯磺酸钠，可由与NaOH溶液反应得到2．下列有关化学用语表示正确的是A．对硝基甲苯的结构简式：B．丙炔的键线式：C．(CH3)3COH的名称：2-甲基-2-丙醇D．空间填充模型可以表示甲烷分子或四氯化碳分子3．下列有机物能形成顺反异构体的是A．1-溴-1-丙烯B．2-甲基-1-丁烯C．2-甲基-1,3-丁二烯D．2-甲基-2-戊烯4．有人认为CH2=CH2与Br2的加成反应，实质是Br2先断裂为Br＋和Br—，然后Br＋首先与CH2=CH2一端碳原子结合，第二步才是Br—与另一端碳原子结合。

根据该观点如果让CH2=CH2与Br2在盛有NaCl和NaI的水溶液中反应，则得到的有机物不可能是A．BrCH2CH2Br B．ClCH2CH2Cl C．BrCH2CH2I D．BrCH2CH2Cl 5．有机物结构理论中有一个重要的观点：有机化合物分子中,原子(团)之间相互影响,从而说明此观点的是导致化学性质不同。

以下事实中,不能．．A．苯与溴水不反应,而苯酚可与溴水发生取代反应B．1—戊醇可以与金属钠反应得到氢气，而戊烷不能与金属钠反应C．甲烷不能使酸性高锰酸钾褪色,而甲苯能被氧化生成苯甲酸D．乙醇不与氢氧化钠溶液反应,而苯酚与氢氧化钠溶液反应6．已二酸是一种重要的化工原料，科学家在现有工业路线基础上，提出了一条“绿色”合成路线：下列说法正确的是A．环己烷与溴水混合，充分振荡后静置，下层溶液呈橙红色B．环己醇与乙醇互为同系物C．已二酸的同分异构体中，2个羧基连在不同碳原子的结构有5种D．环己烷分子中所有碳原子共平面7．下列有关有机物的说法正确的是A．等质量的苯乙烯和聚苯乙烯燃烧耗氧量不相同B．由1-溴丁烷制1,3-丁二烯依次通过：消去反应，加成反应，消去反应三步完成C．1-丙醇、乙醇混合液在浓硫酸条件下加热脱水，得到5种有机产物D．可以用浓溴水检验环己醇中含有的少量苯酚杂质8．下列实验操作或对实验事实的描述正确的有①如果将苯酚浓溶液沾到皮肤上，应立即用酒精冲洗，再用水冲洗②用浓溴水可将C2H5OH、AgNO3溶液，C2H5Br、苯酚溶液、苯区分开③向苯酚浊液中滴加Na2CO3溶液，溶液变澄清。

2015年天津卷高考真题英语试卷-学生用卷一、单项选择1、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第1题2020~2021学年天津和平区天津市第二南开学校高一上学期期中第22题0.5分2017~2018学年天津高一期末联考第9题1分2018~2019学年天津静海区天津市静海区第一中学高二上学期期中第16题1分—Sorry, Liz. I think I was a bit rude to you.—______, but don't do that again!A. Go aheadB. Forget itC. It dependsD. With pleasure2、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第2题The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.A. thatB. oneC. itD. this3、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第3题2016~2017学年广东广州高二上学期期中五校联考第17题1分2018~2019学年吉林长春朝阳区吉林省实验中学高二下学期期末第30题1分Only when Lily walked into the office that she had left the contract at home.A. she realizedB. has she realizedC. she has realizedD. did she realize4、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第4题—Jack, you seem excited.—______? I won the first prize.A. Guess whatB. So whatC. Pardon meD. Who cares5、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第5题2018~2019学年10月广东深圳福田区深圳市高级中学高中部高二月考第47题1分2019~2020学年广东深圳罗湖区深圳市翠园中学高二上学期期中第6题1分2019~2020学年陕西西安长安区西安交通大学附属中学航天学校高三上学期段考（四诊）第22题1分2017~2018学年北京海淀区北京市十一学校高二上学期期末第49题0.5分in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.A. To absorbB. To be absorbedC. AbsorbedD. Absorbing6、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第6题2016~2017学年天津高一下学期期末第22题0.5分2017~2018学年天津和平区天津市第一中学高一下学期期末第25题1分2019~2020学年陕西西安长安区西安交通大学附属中学航天学校高三上学期段考（四诊）第23题1分2016~2017学年北京海淀区北京一零一中学高二下学期期中第22题1分Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she a class at that time.A. will teachB. would teachC. has taughtD. will be teaching7、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第7题2019~2020学年3月天津河西区高三下学期月考第14题1分I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.A. mightn'tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. couldn't8、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第8题2018~2019学年10月天津和平区天津市双菱中学高二上学期月考第26题1分2018~2019学年10月广东深圳福田区深圳市高级中学高中部高二月考第48题1分2019~2020学年3月天津河西区高三下学期月考第11题1分2019~2020学年广东深圳福田区深圳市高级中学高中部高一下学期期中第15题1.5分______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.A. To workB. WorkedC. To be workingD. Having worked9、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第9题2019~2020学年12月江苏南京玄武区南京市第九中学高一上学期月考第63题1分2018~2019学年陕西西安未央区西安中学高一上学期期末第26题1分2017~2018学年北京东城区北京汇文中学高二上学期期中第35题1分2017~2018学年广东深圳福田区深圳市高级中学高中部高一下学期期中第53题1分Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement so far by the two sides.A. has been reachedB. was reachedC. will reachD. will have reached10、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第10题2019~2020学年陕西西安长安区西安交通大学附属中学航天学校高三上学期段考（四诊）第25题1分Tom had to the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.A. turn inB. turn downC. turn overD. turn to11、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第11题2019~2020学年天津南开区高三上学期期末第6题1分If you have any doubts about your health, you'd better______ your doctor at once.A. convinceB. consultC. avoidD. affect12、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第12题We need to get to the root of the problem we can solve it.A. whileB. afterC. beforeD. as13、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第13题2015~2016学年北京西城区北京师范大学第二附属中学高二上学期期中第5题I wish I ______ at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.A. will beB. would beC. have beenD. had been14、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷(部分区联考)第14题2016~2017学年天津高一下学期期末第13题1分See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn't ______ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.A. haveB. makeC. displayD. bring15、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第15题2018~2019学年广东深圳宝安区宝安第一外国语学校高二下学期期中第62题1分2017~2018学年天津和平区天津市第一中学高二上学期期末第16题1分The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. who二、完型填空16、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第16题2017~2018学年12月河南洛阳洛龙区洛阳市第一高级中学高二上学期月考第36~55题20分2019~2020学年高一下学期单元测试第30~49题2017~2018学年黑龙江大庆红岗区大庆市铁人中学高二上学期期中第41~60题30分My fiance （未婚夫） and I were excited about shopping for our first home. But our fundswere1, and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.One agent2 a house in particular. Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was3our range, so we declined. But she kept urging us to have a look4.We finally did and it was5at first sight. It was Our Home, small and charming, overlooking a quiet lake. Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth and6of the marriage within that home. As perfect as it was, the price remained too high for us. But every day, we would sit by the lake, looking at the house and dreaming of7it would be like to live there.Days later, we made a(n)8—far below the asking price. Surprisingly, they didn't9us. They renewed their offer10. It was also much more than we could afford, but far11than the original asking price.The next day, we got a12message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. Even so, we decided to talk with the13directly. We made our final offer, which14was thousands of dollars less than the other buyer's bid. We knew it,15we had to try.“Sold!” said the owner. Then he16: He'd seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that we'd17the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a18by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile; we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to consider the19in the price “an early wedding present.”That's how we found our home and how I learned that when peopleare20they are not strangers, only friends we haven't yet met.A. neededB. limitedC. enoughD. largeA. recommendedB. decoratedC. soldD. rentedA. belowB. withinC. beyondD. betweenA. at leastB. at mostC. at timesD. at handA. reliefB. concernC. loveD. curiosityA. prideB. happinessC. challengeD. desireA. whichB. whyC. thatD. whatA. effortB. offerC. promiseD. profitA. come acrossB. look afterC. depend onD. laugh atA. insteadB. indeedC. asideD. apartA. worseB. betterC. lessD. higherA. relaxingB. disappointingC. pleasantD. regularA. agentsB. buyersC. managersD. ownersA. alreadyB. stillC. generallyD. everA. soB. orC. forD. butA. apologizedB. complainedC. criticizedD. explainedA. checkB. analyzeC. appreciateD. ignoreA. lossB. riskC. chanceD. leadA. increaseB. differenceC. interestD. averageA. kindB. politeC. smartD. energetic三、阅读理解17、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷（A篇）第17题University Room RegulationsApproved and Prohibited ItemsThe following items are approved for use in residential （住宿的） rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sun lamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.Access to Residential RoomsStudents are provided with a combination （组合密码） for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination.Cooking PolicyStudents living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven （微波炉） to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.Pet PolicyNo pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, are subject to an initial fine of ＄100 and a continuing fine of ＄50 a day per pet. Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.Quiet HoursResidential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University. Minimum quiet hours in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday. Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am. Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of $25.(1) Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms?A. Ceiling fans and waterbeds.B. Wireless routers and radios.C. Hair dryers and candles.D. TVs and electric blankets.(2) What if a student is found to have told his combination to others?A. The combination should be changed.B. The Office should be charged.C. He should replace the door lock.D. He should check out of the room.(3) What do we know about the cooking policy?A. A microwave oven can be used.B. Cooking in student rooms is permitted.C. A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.D. Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.(4) If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning, he will face _____.A. parent visitsB. a fine of $100C. the Student CourtD. a written notice(5) When can students enjoy a party in residences?A. 7:00 am, Sunday.B. 7:30 am, Thursday.C. 11:30 pm, Monday.D. 00:30 am, Saturday.18、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第18题Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn't just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company's "Oshbot" robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product's location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. "We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us, " said Breazeal.(1) How are social robots different from household robots?A. They can control their emotions.B. They are more like humans.C. They do the normal housework.D. They respond to users more slowly.(2) What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?A. Communicate with you and perform operations.B. Answer your questions and make requests.C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk.D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.(3) What can Oshbot work as?A. A language teacher.B. A tour guide.C. A shop assistant.D. A private nurse.(4) We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will.A. train employeesB. be our workmatesC. improve technologiesD. take the place of workers(5) What does the passage mainly present?A. A new design idea of household robots.B. Marketing strategies for social robots.C. Information on household robots.D. An introduction to social robots.19、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第19题2017~2018学年12月河南洛阳洛龙区洛阳市第一高级中学高二上学期月考第21~25题10分2017~2018学年陕西西安雁塔区陕西师范大学附属中学高三上学期开学考试第24~28题10分One day when I was 12, my mother gave me an order: I was to walk to the public library, and borrow at least one book for the summer. This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange problem—inability to read.In the library, I found my way into the "Children's Room."I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle.There on the book's cover was a beagle which looked identical to my dog. I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover. My eyes ran across the title, Amos, the Beagle with a Plan. Unknowingly, I had read the title. Without opening the book, I borrowed it from the library for the summer.Under the shade of a bush, I started to read about Amos. I read very, very slowly with difficulty. Though pages were turned slowly, I got the main idea of the story about a dog who, like mine, had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home. That dog was my dog, and I was the little boy in the book. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together.My mother's call returned me to the real world. I suddenly realized something: I had read a book, and I had loved reading that book. Everyone knew I could not read. But I had read it. Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.I never told my mother about my "miraculous"（奇迹般地）experience that summer, but she sawa slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year. And years later, she was proud that her son had read thousands of books, was awarded a PhD in literature, and authored his own books, articles, poetry and fiction. The power of the words has held.(1) The author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to.A. encourage him to do more walkingB. let him spend a meaningful summerC. help cure him of his reading problemD. make him learn more about weapons(2) The book caught the author's eye because.A. it contained pretty pictures of animalsB. it reminded him of his own dogC. he found its title easy to understandD. he liked children's stories very much(3) Why could the author manage to read the book throughA. He was forced by his mother to read it.B. He identified with the story in the book.C. The book told the story of his pet dog.D. The happy ending of the story attracted him.(4) What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The author has become a successful writer.B. The author's mother read the same book.C. The author's mother rewarded him with books.D. The author has had happy summers ever since.(5) Which one could be the best title of the passage?A. The Charm of a BookB. Mum's Strict OrderC. Reunion with My BeagleD. My Passion for Reading20、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第20题DOnce when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I've ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.Boldness means a decision tobite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas —even physical strength greater than most of us realize.Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet — and stopped him cold.”Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you'll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.(6) Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?A. He faced huge risks.B. He lacked mighty forces.C. Fear prevented him from trying.D. Failure blocked his way to success.(7) What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?A. Swallow more than you can digest.B. Act slightly above your abilities.C. Develop more mysterious powers.D. Learn to make creative decisions.(8) What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game?A. His physical strength.B. His basic skill.C. His real fear.D. His spiritual force.(9) What can be learned from Paragraph 5?A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.B. Trying without success is meaningless.C. Repeated failure creates a better life.D. Boldness can be gained little by little.(10) What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A. To encourage people to be courageous.B. To advise people to build up physical power.C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success.D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.四、任务型阅读21、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第21题Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community.On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for — good health, good friends and good outcomes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy.“Thank you for your nice words,” he wrote in his letter back, “and I know what you meant, but slowing down scares me. Life isn't having it made; it's getting it made.”“The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet.I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still can't figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats. It's the journey, not the arrival, that counts.”The letter ended with a personal request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I will have one less year to do things — and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end.” Today, at 96, my grandfather is still on that long road, climbing.(6) What was the author’s grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words)(7) What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter? (no more than 10 words)(8) What is the grandfather’s view on life according to his letter back? (no more than 10 words)(9) How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)(10) Do you agree with the grandfather’s view on life? Give reasons in your own words, (no more than 20 words)五、书面表达22、【来源】 2015年高考真题天津卷第22题假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李津，你校拟向美国友好交流学校的中文班捐赠一批图书。

2010年湖北卷高考真题英语试卷-学生用卷一、单项选择1、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第1题2010年高考真题湖北卷第21题1分2017~2018学年天津红桥区高三上学期期中第9题1分2016~2017学年宁夏石嘴山大武口区石嘴山市第三中学高一下学期期末第24题1分2018~2019学年5月天津河西区天津市新华中学高三下学期月考第11题1分This restaurant has become popular for its wide_____of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. divisionB. areaC. rangeD. circle2、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第2题2010年高考真题湖北卷第22题1分2017~2018学年黑龙江哈尔滨道里区哈尔滨市第九中学校高一上学期期中第63题0.5分After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide ______for the homeless families.A. accommodationB. occupationC. equipmentD. furniture3、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第3题2010年高考真题湖北卷第23题1分2019~2020学年7月湖北武汉武昌区武汉市第十四中学高一下学期月考第28题1分In this lecture, I can only give you a purely view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.A. privateB. personalC. uniqueD. different4、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第24题1分2010年高考真题湖北卷第4题Mistakes don't just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason and then making the mistake becomes.A. favourableB. preciousC. essentialD. worthwhile5、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第25题1分2010年高考真题湖北卷第5题2018年天津和平区天津市耀华中学高三二模第6题1分If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my reaction will be to tell the police.A. physicalB. immediateC. sensitiveD. sudden6、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第6题2016~2017学年3月北京海淀区北京市育英中学高二下学期月考第27题1分I wasn't blaming anyone; I said errors like this could be avoided.A. merelyB. mostlyC. rarelyD. nearly7、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第7题2010年高考真题湖北卷第27题1分Duty is an act or a course of action that people______ you to take by social customs, law or religion.A. persuadeB. requestC. instructD. expect8、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第8题2010年高考真题湖北卷第28题1分2017~2018学年天津河西区高二上学期期末第19题Just as the clothes a person wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house_____ his personality.A. resemblesB. strengthensC. reflectsD. shapes9、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第9题2018~2019学年黑龙江哈尔滨香坊区哈尔滨市第六中学高二上学期期末第64题0.5分Had she her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A. looked up toB. lived up toC. kept up withD. come up with10、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第10题2010年高考真题湖北卷第30题1分2018~2019学年辽宁大连沙河口区大连育明高级中学高一上学期期中第15题1分2018~2019学年天津和平区天津市第一中学高一下学期期中第7题1分2018~2019学年12月江苏扬州江都区江苏省江都中学高一上学期月考（华罗庚中学、句容中学、溧水中学等五校联考）第25题1分It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money favors to them.A. in preference toB. in place ofC. in agreement withD. in exchange for二、完形填空11、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第31~50题30分(每题1.5分)2010年高考真题湖北卷第11题2018~2019学年广西南宁青秀区南宁市第二中学高二上学期期末第41~60题30分The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then, using her hands to 1the seats, settled in one of them.It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of 2Susan’s husband Mark watchedher 3into hopelessness and he was 4to use every possible means to help his wife.Finally, Susan felt ready to 5to her job, but how would she get there? She used to take the bus, but she was now too 6to get around the city by herself. Mark7to ride the bus with Susan each morning andevening 8she could manage it by herself.For two weeks, Mark 9Susan to and from work each day. He taught her how to rely on her other10, specifically her hearing, to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new11At last, Susan decided that she was ready to try the trip12Monday morning arrived. Before she left, she hugged her husband 13,her eyes filled with tears of gratitude（感激）. She said good-bye and, for the first time, they wenttheir 14ways. Each day went perfectly, and a wildexcitement 15Susan.She was doing it!On Friday morning, Susan took the bus to work 16As she was getting off the bus, the driver said, “Miss, I sure17you.” Curious, Susan asked the driver18“You know, every morning for the 19week, a fine-looking gentleman in a military uniform has been standing across the corner watching you until you enter your office building safely, ” the bus driver said.Tears of happiness poured down Susan’s cheeks. She was so lucky for he had given her a gift more powerful than20, that is the gift of love that can bring light where there is darkness.A. touchB. grabC. countD. feelA. weaknessB. sicknessC. darknessD. sadnessA. runB. sinkC. jumpD. stepA. inspiredB. determinedC. honoredD. pleasedA. returnB. adjustC. contributeD. stickA. tiredB. astonishedC. depressedD. frightenedA. volunteeredB. attemptedC. continuedD. struggledA. whenB. asC. untilD. afterA. droveB. directedC. accompaniedD. sentA. feelingB. organsC. skillsD. sensesA. positionB. environmentC. statusD. roleA. on herownB. in personC. to her benefitD. on footA. politelyB. calmlyC. brieflyD. tightlyA. oppositeB. separateC. fixedD. lonelyA. tookcharge ofB. took place ofC. took advantage ofD. took hold ofA. as usualB. as a ruleC. as wellD. as a consequenceA. respectB. envyC. knowD. supportA. whatB. howC. whyD. whoA. pastB. sameC. firstD. nextA. courageB. willC. sightD. wisdom三、阅读理解12、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第12题2010年高考真题湖北卷（A篇）第51~54题8分2016~2017学年北京西城区北京师范大学附属中学高一下学期期中第31~34题8分It was a Sunday and the heavy storm had lasted all night. The morning after the storm, though, was beautiful: blue skies, warm air and a calm, inviting sea touching the shore gently.My father realized it was a good day for fishing and invited my sister and me to go with him. I was only 14 and fishing had never been my thing, but I decided to go all the same. TAL#NBSP I'm so glad I did.On the road to the harbour we could see the terrible destruction on the coast, but the harbour itself was in fairly good shape. After all, it was protected by the arms of a bay that had only one tiny channel to the sea. As we got on board, we noticed two big humps（脊背）in the distance.On approaching them, we saw it was a mother whale with her baby. We couldn't believe it—there aren't any whales along the coast here. The storm must have driven them across the ocean into the bay, in which the still water was so badly polluted that nothing could survive.The little baby whale—actually as big as our boat—was obviously stuck and could not move. The mother dived under the water and came up suddenly, making big whirlpools（漩涡）and waves. "She's trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side, "my father said. At this point, my father moved our boat in a semicircle to the other side and, heading the boat towards the baby whale, pushed it gently. With our several gentle pushes the big hump turned over and disappeared under water. Then it swam up right beside its mum. They struggled in their desperate attempts to escape but missed the exit and started heading in the wrong direction. We hurried up to the whales and tried to lead them towards the bay channel. Slowly, they let us lead them, some-times rising from the water right beside us to breathe—and to give us a trusting look with those huge eyes. Once they hit their first part of clean water flowing straight from the sea, the mum gave us a wave with her tail and off they swam into the distance.In the excitement it had felt like only a few minutes, but we had been with those wonderful animals for almost an hour and a half. That was the simple and lasting beauty of the day, Nearly four decades later,I still look back fondly to that golden day at sea.(1) The author says "I'm so glad I did." （in Para. 2） because.A. he witnessed the whole process of fishingB. he enjoyed the beauty of the calm seaC. he experienced the rescue of the whalesD. he spent the weekend with his family(2) The harbour survived the storm owing to.A. the shape of the harbourB. the arms of the bayC. the still water in the channelD. the long coast line(3) The mother whale failed to help her baby because.A. she had stayed in the polluted water for too longB. the whirl pools she had made were not big enoughC. she had no other whales around to turn to for helpD. the waves pushed her baby in the wrong direction(4) What is the theme of the story?A. Saving lives brings people a sense of happinessB. Fishing provides excitement for childrenC. It's necessary to live in harmony with animalsD. It's vital to protect the environment13、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第13题2017~2018学年广东广州海珠区广州市第六中学高三下学期期中（D篇）第32~35题8分2017~2018学年广东广州越秀区广州市第十六中学高一上学期期中第4题2016~2017学年广东广州越秀区广州市第十六中学高一上学期期中第32~35题8分For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents' point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents' complete unreasonableness. And of course, TAL#NBSP the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely.Both feel trapped.In this article, I'll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen's hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child's failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right, It doesn't matter what the topic is—politics. The laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong. for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something — and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they'll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.(1) Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?A. Both can continue for generations.B. Both are about where to draw the lineC. Neither has any clear winnerD. Neither can be put to an end(2) What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?A. The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.B. The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflictC. The teens cause their parents of misleading themD. The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents(3) Parents and teens want to be right because they want to.A. give orders to the otherB. know more than the otherC. gain respect from the otherD. get the other to behave properly(4) What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?A. Causes for the parent –teen conflictsB. Examples of the parent –teen war.C. Solutions for the parent –teen problemsD. Future of the parent-teen relationship14、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷（C篇）第59~62题8分(每题2分)2010年高考真题湖北卷（C篇）第14题2017~2018学年北京西城区北京师范大学附属中学高二下学期期中第64~67题8分They wear the latest fashions with the most up-to-date accessories （配饰）. Yet these are girls in their teens or twenties but women in their sixties and seventies. A generation which would once only wear old-fashioned clothes is now favoring the same high street looks worn by those half their age.Professor Julia Twigg, a social policy expert, said, "Women over 75 are now shopping for clothes more frequently than they did when they were young in the 1960s. In the 1960s buying a coat for a woman was a serious matter. It was an expensive item that they would purchase only every three or four years —now you can pick one up at the supermarket whenever you wish to. Fashion is a lot cheaper and people get tired of things more quickly. "Professor Twigg analyzed family expending（支出）data and found that while the percentage of spending on clothes and shoes by women had stayed around the same—and 5 or 6 per cent of spending—the amount of clothes bought had risen sharply.The professor said, "Clothes are now 70 per cent cheaper than they were in the 1960s because of the huge expansion of production in the Far East. In the 1960s Leeds was the heart of the British fashion industry and that was where most of the clothes came from, but now almost all of our clothes are sourced elsewhere. Everyone is buying more clothes but in general we are not spending more money on them. "Fashion designer Angela Barnard, who runs her own fashion business in London, said older women were much more affected by celebrity（名流） style than in previous years.She said, "When people see stars such as Judi Dench and Helen Mirren looking attractive and fashionable in their sixties, they want to follow them. Older women are much more aware of celebrities. There's also the boom in TV programmes showing people how they can change their look, and many of my older customers do yoga to stay in shape well in their fifties. When I started my business a few years ago, my older customers tended to be very rich, but now they are what I would call ordinary women. My own mother is 61 and she wears the latest fashions in a way she would never have done ten years ago. "(1) Professor Twigg found that, compared with the 1960s,.A. the price of clothes has generally fallen by 70%B. the spending on clothes has increased by 5% or 6%C. people spend 30% less than they did on clothesD. the amount of clothes bought has risen by 5% or 6%(2) What can we learn about old women in terms of fashionA. They are often ignored by fashion designers.B. They are now more easily influenced by stars.C. They are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion.D. They are more interested in clothes because of their old age.(3) It can be concluded that old women tend to wear the latest fashions today mainlybecauseA. they get tired of things more quicklyB. TV shows teach them how to change their lookC. they are in much better shape nowD. clothes are much cheaper than before(4) Which is the best possible title of the passage?A. Age Is No Barrier for Fashion FansB. The More Fashionable, the Less ExpensiveC. Unexpected Changes in FashionD. Boom of the British Fashion Industry15、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷（D篇）第63~66题8分(每题2分)2010年高考真题湖北卷第15题This brief book is aimed at high school students, but speaks to anyone learning at any stage of life.Its formal, serious style closely matches its content, a school-masterly book on schooling. The author, W. H. Armstrong, starts with the basics: reading and writing. In his opinion, reading doesn't just mean recognizing each word on the page; it means taking in the information, digesting it and incorporating it into oneself just as one digests a sandwich and makes it a part of him. The goal is to bring the information back to life, not just to treat it as dead facts on paper from dead trees. Reading and writing cannot be completely separated from each other; in fact, the aim of reading is to express the information you have got from the text. I've seen it again and again：some-one who can't express an idea after reading a text is just as ineffective as someone who hasn't read it at all.Only a third of the book remains after that discussion, which Armstrong devotes to specific tips for studying languages, math, science and history. He generally handles these topics thoroughly（透彻地）and equally, except for some weakness in the science and math sections and a bit too much passion（激情） regarding history to his students, that was a hundred times more than my history teachers ever got across. To my disappointment, in this part of the book he ignores the arts. As a matter of fact, they demand all the concentration and study that math and science do, though the study differs slightly in kind. Although it's commonly believed that the arts can only be naturally acquired, actually, learning the arts is no more natural than learning French or mathematics.My other comment is that the text aged.The first edition apparently dates to the 1960s—none of the references（参考文献）seem newer than the late 1950s. As a result, the discussion misses the entire computer age.These are small points, though, and don't affect the main discussion. I recommend it to any student and any teacher, including the self-taught student.(1) According to Armstrong, the goal of reading is to.A. gain knowledge and expand one's viewB. understand the meaning between the linesC. experts ideas based on what one has readD. gets information and keeps it alive in memory(2) The author of the passage insists that learning the arts.A. requires great effortsB. demands real passionC. is less natural than learning mathsD. is as natural as learning a language(3) What is a shortcoming of Armstrong's work according to the author?A. Some ideas are slightly contradictory.B. There is too much discussion on studying science.C. The style is too serious.D. It lacks new information.(4) This passage can be classified as.A. an advertisementB. a book reviewC. a feature storyD. a news report16、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷E篇第67~70题8分(每题2分)2010年高考真题湖北卷第16题EHave you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate more mild, many animals are still hibernating(冬眠). It’s too bad that humans can’t hibernate. In fact,as a species, we almost did.Apparently, at times in the past, peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation. So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end.In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producerat CBC Radio’s The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial(人造的) lighting and the electric bulb.When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours’ uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention.In the past, without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as “The Watch”It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbours.According to some sleep researchers,a short period of insomnia(失眠) at midnight is not a disorder. It is normal. Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people. The impressive inventor,Thomas Edison, used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas.Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesn’t help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full night’s continuous sleep, which sounds natural;however, according to Warren’s theory，it is really the opposite of what we need.(1) The example of the French peasants shows the fact that________.A. people might become lazy as a result of too much sleepB. there were signs of hibernation inhuman sleeping habitsC. people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weatherD. winter was a season for people to sleep for months on end(2) The late night was called “The Watch” because it was a time for people______.A. to set traps to catch animalsB. to wake up their family and neighboursC. to remind others of the timeD. to guard against possible dangers(3) What does the author advise people to do?A. Sleep in the way animals do.B. Consult a doctor if they can’t sleep.C. Follow their natural sleep rhythm.D. Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern.(4) What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To give a prescription for insomnia.B. To urge people to sleep less.C. To analyze the sleep pattern of modern people.D. To throw new light on human sleep.四、完成句子17、【来源】 2010年高考真题湖北卷第17题阅读下列各小题，根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题号后。

2022-2023学年高二上期期末检测卷 化学试题一、单选题（共计25小题，每题2分，共计50分） 1．25℃和101 kPa 下，22H (g)Cl (g)2HCl(g)+的能量变化如图所示，下列说法正确的是( )A ．2H (g)转化为H(g)是一个放热过程B ．1 mol 2H (g)和1 mol 2Cl (g)的总能量比2 mol HCl(g)的总能量高C ．1个HCl(g)分子中的化学键断裂时需要吸收431kJ 能量D ．222HCl(g)H (g)Cl (g)+的反应热1183kJ mol H -∆=-⋅2．单斜硫和正交硫是硫的两种同素异形体，下列说法正确的是( )A ．()()3S S S S 0.33kJ /mol H ∆=-，单斜，正交B ．单斜硫比正交硫稳定C ．相同物质的量的正交硫比单斜硫所含的能量高D ．由①可知断裂1 mol 2O 和1 mol 单斜硫中的共价键所吸收的能量比形成1mol 2SO 中的共价键所放出的能量多297．16kJ3．黑火药是中国古代的四大发明之一，其爆炸反应的热化学方程式为13222S(s)2KNO (s)3C(s)K S(s)N (g)3CO (g)kJ mol H x -++++∆=⋅。

已知：碳的燃烧热11kJ mol H a -∆=⋅； 122S(s)2K(s)K S(s)kJ mol H b -+∆=⋅；122332K(s)N (g)3O (g)2KNO (s)kJ mol H c -++∆=⋅。

则x 为( )A ．3a b c +-B ．3c a b +-C ．a b c +-D ．c a b +-4．2 mol 金属钠和1 mol 氯气反应的能量关系如图所示，下列说法不正确的是( )A ．20H ∆>B ．4581H H H H ∆+∆+∆=∆C ．在相同条件下，2K(g)2K (g)+−−→的3H H ∆<∆ D ．678H H H ∆+∆=∆5．亚氯酸盐（如2NaClO ）可用作漂白剂，在常温不见光条件下较为稳定，但在酸性溶液中因生成亚氯酸而发生分解：2225HClO 4ClO H Cl 2H O +-↑+++。

1.若a的相反数是2，则a的值为()A.2B.−2C.−12D.±22.在国家“一带一路”战略下，我国与欧洲开通了互利互惠的中欧班列．行程最长，途经城市和国家最多的一趟专列全程长13000km，将13000用科学记数法表示应为()A.0.13×105B.1.3×104C.1.3×105D.13×1033.已知(a−1)x2y a+1是关于x，y的五次单项式，则这个单项式的系数是()A.1B.2C.3D.04.将如图所示的直角三角形ABC绕直角边AB旋转一周得到一个几何体，从正面看这个几何体得到的平面图形应为()A B CD5.如图，下列说法错误的是()A.直线AC与射线BD相交于点AB.BC是线段C.直线AC经过点AD.点D在线段AB上6.如图所示，下列表示角的方法错误的是()A.∠1与∠AOB表示同一个角B.∠β表示的是∠BOCC.图中共有三个角：∠AOB，∠AOC，∠BOCD.∠AOC也可用∠O来表示7.如图所示，学校、书店、体育馆在平面图上的位置分别是A，B，C，书店在学校的正东方向，体育馆在学校的南偏西35◦方向，那么平面图上的∠CAB等于()A.145◦B.125◦C.55◦D.35◦8.图1和图2中所有的正方形都全等，将图1的正方形放在图2中的①②③④某一位置，所组成的图形不能围成正方体的位置是()A.①B.②C.③D.④9.关于x的方程a−3(x−5)=b(x+2)是一元一次方程，则b的取值情况是()A.b=−3B.b=−3C.b=−2D.b为任意数10.下列各数中，正确的角度互化是()A.63.5◦=63◦50′B.23◦12′36″=23.48◦C.18◦18′18″=18.33◦D.22.25◦=22◦15′11.设一个锐角与这个角的补角的差的绝对值为α，则()A.0◦<α<90◦B.0◦<α⩽90◦C.0◦<α<90◦或90◦<α<180◦D.0◦<α<180◦#!"分钟 满分#!"分考试时量2018年天津市第一中学初一上学期期末考试数学12.如果点B在线段AC上，那么下列表达式中：①AB=1AC，②AB=BC，③AC=2AB，④AB+BC=2AC，能表示B是线段AC的中点的有()A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个13.若3x =−13，则4x =．14.已知有理数a 在数轴上的位置如图，则a +|a −1|=．15.已知线段MN =16cm ，点P 为任意一点，那么线段MP 与NP 和的最小值是cm ．16.若x =y +3，则14(x −y )2−2.3(x −y )+0.75(x −y )2+310(x −y )+7等于．17.若点M 是线段AB 的中点，N 是线段AM 的中点，若图中所有线段的和是20cm ，则AN 的长是cm ．18.以∠AOB 的顶点O 为端点引射线OP ，使∠AOP ：∠BOP =3:2，若∠AOB =17◦，∠AOP 的度数为．19.计算：(1)25×34−(−25)×12+25÷(−14)；(2)213−23÷[(12)2−(−3+0.75)]×5．20.解下列方程：(1)x +2(x −3)3=6−x −76;(2)4x −1.50.5−0.5x −0.30.02=23．二 填空题 每小题3分三 解答题22.如图，直线AB 与CD 相交于点O ，∠BOE =∠DOF =90◦．(1)写出图中与∠COE 互补的所有的角（不用说明理由）；(2)问：∠COE 与∠AOF 相等吗?请说明理由；(3)如果∠AOC =15∠EOF ，求∠AOC的度数．23.列一元一次方程解应用题．有一批共享单车需要维修，维修后继续投放骑用，现有甲、乙两人做维修，甲每天维修16辆，乙每天维修的车辆比甲多8辆，甲单独维修完成这批共享单车比乙单独维修完多用20天，公司每天付甲80元维修费，付乙120元维修费．(1)问需要维修的这批共享单车共有多少辆?(2)在维修过程中，公司要派一名人员进行质量监督，公司负担他每天10元补助费，现有三种维修方案：①由甲单独维修；②由乙单独维修；③甲、乙合作同时维修，你认为哪种方案最省钱，为什么?21.已知A =3x 2+3y 2−5xy ，B =2xy −3y 2+4x 2．(1)化简：2B −A ；(2)已知−a |x −2|b 2与13ab y 是同类项，求2B −A 的值．24.已知关于m的方程13(m−14)=−2的解也是关于x的方程2(x−12)−n=11的解．(1)求m，n的值；(2)若线段AB=m，在直线AB上取一点P，恰好使APP B=n，点Q是P B的中点，求线段AQ的长．25.已知∠AOB=α，过点O作∠BOC=90◦．(1)若α=30，则∠AOC的度数；(2)已知射线OE平分∠AOC，射线OF平分∠BOC．①若α=50◦，求∠EOF的度数；②若90◦<α<180◦，则∠EOF的度数为（直接填写用含α的式子表示的结果）．12345678910B B A C D D B A A D 1112D C1.由a 的相反数是2，得a =−2．2.将13000用科学记数法表示为：1.3×104．3.由题意得：a +1+2=5，解得：a =2，则这个单项式的系数是a −1=1．4.直角三角形ABC 绕直角边AB 所在直线旋转一周得到一个几何体是圆锥，从正面看这个几何体得到的平面图形是等腰三角形．5.6.A 、∠1与∠AOB 表示同一个角，正确，故本选项错误；B 、∠β表示的是∠BOC ，正确，故本选项错误；C 、图中共有三个角：∠AOB ，∠AOC ，∠BOC ，正确，故本选项错误；D 、∠AOC 不能用∠O 表示，错误，故本选项正确．7.从图中发现平面图上的∠CAB =∠1+∠2=90◦+35◦=125◦．8.9.a −3(x −5)=b (x +2)，a −3x +15−bx −2b =0，(3+b )x =a −2b +15，∴b +3=0，b =−3．10.A 、63.5◦=63◦30′=63◦50′，故A 不符合题意；B 、23.48◦=23◦28′48′′=23◦12′36′′，故B 不符合题意；C 、18.33◦=18◦19′48′′=18◦18′18′′，故C 不符合题意；D 、22.25◦=22◦15′，故D 正确．11.12.如图，若B 是线段AC 的中点，则AB =12AC ，AB =BC ，AC =2AB ，而AB +BC =AC ，B可是线段AC 上的任意一点，∴表示B 是线段AC 的中点的有①②③3个．13.−49解析：系数化为1，得x =−19，4x =−19×4=−49．14.1解析：由数轴上a 点的位置可知，a <0，∴a −1<0，∴原式=a +1−a =1.15.16解析：如图所示：∴线段MP 与NP 和的最小值是16cm ．16.10解析：∵x =y +3，∴x −y =3，初一第一学期期末考试数学参考答案则原式=14×32−2.3×3+0.75×32+310×3+7=2.25−6.9+6.75+0.9+7 =10.17.2013解析：如图，∵点M是线段AB的中点，N是线段AM的中点，∴AN=NM=12AM=12BM=13BN=14AB，∴AM=BM=2AN，BN=3AN，AB=4AN，又∵图中所有线段的和是20cm，∴AN+MN+BM+AM+BN+AB=20，∴AN+AN+2AN+2AN+3AN+4AN=20，解得AN=2013cm．18.10.2◦或51◦解析：如图1，当射线OP在∠AOB的内部时，设∠AOP=3x，则∠BOP=2x，∵∠AOB=∠AOP+∠BOP=5x=17◦，解得：x=3.4◦，则∠AOP=10.2◦，如图2，当射线OP在∠AOB的外部时，设∠AOP=3x，则∠BOP=2x，∴∠AOP=∠AOB+∠BOP，又∵∠AOB=17◦，∴3x=17◦+2x，解得：x=17◦，则∠AOP=51◦．故∠AOP的度数为10.2◦或51◦．19.(1)25×34−(−25)×12+25÷(−14)=25×34+25×12+25×(−4)=25×(34+12−4)=25×(−114)=−2754.(2)213−23÷[(12)2−(−3+0.75)]×5=213−8÷[14−(−214)]×5=213−8÷212×5=213−8×25×5=213−16=−132 3 .20.(1)去分母，可得：6x+4(x−3)=36−x+7.去括号，可得：6x+4x−12=43−x.移项，合并同类项，可得：11x=55.解得x=5.(2)去分母，可得：6(4x−1.5)−150(0.5x−0.3)=2.去括号，可得：24x−9−75x+45=2.移项，合并同类项，可得：51x=34.解得x=2 3 .21.(1)因为A=3x2+3y2−5xy，B=2xy−3y2+4x2，所以2B−A=2(2xy−3y2+4x2)−(3x2+3y2−5xy)=4xy−6y2+8x2−3x2−3y2+5xy =5x2+9xy−9y2.(2)因为−a|x−2|b2与13ab y是同类项，所以|x−2|=1，y=2，解得：x=3或x=1，y=2，当x=3，y=2时，2B−A=45+54−36=63；当x=1，y=2时，2B−A=5+18−36=−13．22.(1)与∠COE互补的所有的角为∠DOE，∠BOF．解析：∵直线AB与CD相交于点O，∴∠COE+∠DOE=180◦，又∵∠BOE=∠DOF=90◦，∴∠DOE=∠BOF，∴与∠COE互补的所有的角为∠DOE，∠BOF．(2)∠COE与∠AOF相等．理由：∵∠BOE=∠DOF=90◦，∴∠AOE=∠COF，∴∠AOE−∠AOC=∠COF−∠AOC，∴∠COE=∠AOF．(3)设∠AOC=x，则∠EOF=5x，∵∠COE=∠AOF，∴∠COE=∠AOF=12(5x−x)=2x，∵∠AOE=90◦，∴x+2x=90◦，∴x=30◦，∴∠AOC=30◦．23.(1)设乙单独做需要x天完成，则甲单独做需要(x+20)天，由题意可得：16(x+20)=24x.解得：x=40.总数：24×40=960（辆）．答：乙单独做需要40天完成，甲单独做需要60天，一共有960辆共享单车．(2)方案一：甲单独完成：60×80+60×10=5400（元），方案二：乙单独完成：40×120+40×10=5200（元），方案三：甲、乙合作完成：960÷(16+24)=24（天），则一共需要：24×(120+80)+24×10=5040（元），故选择方案三合算．24.(1)13(m−14)=−2，m−14=−6，m=8，∵关于m的方程13(m−14)=−2的解也是关于x的方程2(x−12)−n=11的解．∴x=8，将x=8代入方程2(x−12)−n=11得：解得：n=4，故m=8，n=4．(2)由（1）知：AB=8，APP B=4，①当点P在线段AB上时，如图所示：∵AB=8，APP B=4，∴AP=325，BP=85，∵点Q为P B的中点，∴P Q=BQ=12BP=45，∴AQ=AP+P Q=325+45=365；②当点P在线段AB的延长线上时，如图所示：∵AB=8，APP B=4，∴P B=83，∵点Q为P B的中点，∴P Q =BQ =43，∴AQ =AB +BQ =8+43=283．故AQ =365或283．25.(1)如图1中，∠AOC =∠AOB +∠BOC =120◦；如图2中，∠AOC =∠BOC −∠AOB =60◦．(2)①如图1−1中，∵∠AOC =∠AOB +∠BOC =140◦，∴∠EOC =12∠AOC =70◦，∵∠F OC =12∠BOC =45◦，∴∠EOF =∠EOC −∠F OC =25◦；如图2−1中，∵∠AOC =∠BOC −∠AOB =40◦，∴∠EOC =12∠AOC =20◦，∵∠F OC =12∠BOC =45◦，∴∠EOF =∠F OC −∠EOC =25◦．②12α或180◦−12α解析：②如图1−2中，∵∠AOC=∠AOB−∠BOC=α−90◦，∴∠EOC=12∠AOC=12(α−90◦)，∵∠F OC=12∠BOC=45◦，∴∠EOF=∠EOC+∠F OC=12α；如图2−2中，∵∠AOC=360◦−∠AOB−∠BOC=270◦−α，∴∠EOC=12∠AOC=12(270−α)，∵∠F OC=12∠BOC=45◦，∴∠EOF=∠EOC+∠F OC=180◦−12α．。

离子方程式1．（ 2018 届天津市河西区高三第三次模拟考试）下列各组离子能大量共存，且当加入试剂后反应的离子方程式书写正确的是()选项离子组加入试剂发生反应的离子方程式A3+-、 Cl-NaOH 溶液3++ 3OH-=Fe(OH) 3↓Fe、 I FeB K +、 ClO -、 SO42-盐酸H+ +ClO - =HClOC K +、 OH -、 Cl -过量 SO2SO2+ OH -=HSO 3-DH+、 Fe2+、 SO42-3 2 溶液SO42-+ Ba 2+ =BaSO4↓Ba(NO )2．（ 2018 届江苏省盐城市高三第三次模拟考试）下列指定反应的离子方程式正确的是（）A. MnO 2与浓盐酸混合加热：MnO 2+4H ++4Cl -MnCl 2+Cl 2↑O+2H--B. NaAlO 2溶液中通入过量 CO2： AlO 2 +CO 2+2H 2O=Al(OH) 3↓+HCO3C. FeSO4溶液中加入盐酸酸化的H 2O2：Fe2++H 2O2+2H +=Fe3++2H 2OD. Ca(HCO 3)2溶液中加入过量氨水： Ca2+-↓ +H++HCO 3 +NH 3·H2O=CaCO 32O+NH 43．（ 2018 届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三调研）下列指定反应的离子方程式正确的是A. 氯气通入水中+--: Cl 2+H 2O2H +Cl +ClOB. 向苯酚浊液中滴加Na2CO3溶液 :2C6H5OH+CO 32- =2C6H 5O-+H 2O+CO 2↑C. 向偏铝酸钠溶液中加入--2-NaHCO 3溶液 : AlO 2+HCO 3 +H 2O=Al(OH) 3↓ +CO3D. 碳酸氢铵溶液中加入足量NaOH 溶液共热 : NH 4+ +OH -NH 3↑ +H2O4．（ 2018 届江苏省南通市高三第三次调研测试）下列指定反应的离子方程式正确的是A. 电解熔融NaCl ： 2Cl－＋2H 2O2OH －＋ Cl 2↑＋ H 2↑B.用氨水溶解 AgCl 沉淀： Ag +＋ 2NH 3·H 2O＝ [Ag(NH 3 )2] +＋ 2H 2OC.Na2CO3溶液吸收溴蒸气： 3CO32－＋ Br 2＝Br －＋ BrO 3－＋ 3CO2D.金属钠与水反应： 2Na＋ 2H 2O＝ 2Na+＋ 2OH －＋ H2↑5．（江苏省南京市2018 届高三第三次模拟考试）常温下,下列各组离子在指定溶被中一定能大量共存的是3+2+--A. 澄清透明的溶液中： Fe ,Ba、 NO 3、 ClB. 使酚酞变红色的溶液中：Na+、 NH 4+、 C1-、 SO42-C. c(Al 3+)=0.1mol/L的溶液中 :K +、 Mg 2+、 SO42-、 AlO 2-D. 由水电商产生的c(H + )=10-13mol/L 的溶被中 :K +、 Na+、CH 3COO -、 NO 3-6．（ 2018 届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟考试）下列指定反应的离子方程式正确的是A. 将饱和 FeCl3溶液滴入沸水中制备3++ Fe(OH) 3胶体： Fe +3H2O=Fe(OH) 3↓+3HB. 向硫酸铝溶液中滴加过量氨水：2Al3++6NH 3·H 2O=2Al(OH)↓ +6NH+34C. 向 Na ClO 溶液中通入过量的 SO2： SO2+ClO -+H 2O=HSO 3- +HClOD. 向 (NH 4)2Fe(SO4 )2溶液中滴加过量2+-NaOH 溶液： Fe +2OH =Fe(OH) 2↓7．（ 2018 届山东省泰安市高三第二次模拟考试）下列有关离子方程式或离子共存的叙述正确的是A. 用肥皂 (主要成份C17H 35COONa) 水检验含有较多钙离子的硬水：2C17H 35COO -+Ca2+===(C 17H35COO)2Ca↓B.将磁性氧化铁溶于氢碘酸： Fe3O4 +8H +=2Fe3++Fe2++4H 2OC.常温下，在=0.1 的溶液中： Na+、 K +、 SO42-、 HCO 3-能大量共存D.在 NaC1O 溶液中： SO32-、 OH -、 C1-、 K +能大量共存8．（ 2018 届江苏省泰州中学高三下学期学业水平测试模拟三）下列反应的离子方程式书写正确的是A. 过量 SO2通入氢氧化钙溶液中：﹣﹣OH+SO 2═ HSO3+2+B.碳酸钙与足量醋酸反应： CaCO3+2H ═ Ca +H 2O+CO 2↑C.氯化铝溶液与过量氨水反应： Al 3++4NH 3?H2 O═ AlO2﹣ +4NH 4++2H 2O+3+D.铁与稀硫酸溶液反应： 2Fe+6H ═ 2Fe +3H 2↑9．（ 2018 届湖北省荆州中学高三 4 月月考）下列解释事实的方程式正确的是（）A. 电解饱和食盐水，产生黄绿色气体：2NaCl + 2H 2O2NaOH + H 2↑ + Cl2↑B. 用 Na2CO3溶液将水垢中的CaSO4转化为 CaCO3： CO32- + Ca2+ ==== CaCO 3↓C. 浓氨水检验泄露的氯气，产生白烟：2NH 3 + 3Cl 2 === 6HCl + N 2D. 铜丝溶于浓硝酸生成绿色溶液：3Cu + 8H + + 2NO 3-3Cu2+ + 2NO↑ + 4H2O10．（ 2018 届福建省厦门市双十中学高三第八次能力考试）工业碳酸钠 (纯度约为 98％)中含有 Mg 2＋2＋、、FeCl－和 SO42－等杂质，提纯工艺流程如下：下列说法不正确的是．．．A.步骤①，通入热空气可加快溶解速率2+3+-↓ + Fe(OH)↓B. 步骤②，产生滤渣的离子反应为：Mg+ Fe+ 5OH == Mg(OH) 23C.步骤③，趁热过滤时温度控制不当会使Na2CO3?H2O 中混有 Na2CO3?10H2O 等杂质D.步骤④，灼烧时用到的主要仪器有铁坩埚、泥三角、三脚架、酒精灯11．（ 2018 届湖南省衡阳市第八中学高三第三次质检）向FeCl3、Al2(SO4)3的混和溶液中逐滴加入Ba(OH) 2(aq)，形成沉淀的情况如下图所示。

2022-2023学年天津市静海区第一中学高二下学期3月学业能力调研化学试题1.下列有关化学用语正确的是A．的空间填充模型模型B．键电子云模型C．砷原子结构示意图D．基态Fe 3+的最外层电子排布式为：3s 2 3p 6 3d 52.下列各组元素性质的叙述中，正确的是A．N、O、F的电负性依次增大B．N、O、F的第一电离能依次增大C．N、O、F的最高化合价依次升高D．O、F、Na的原子半径依次减小3.下列关于粒子性质的比较中错误的是A．分子的稳定性：HF>HCl>HBr>HI B．离子半径：S 2- >Cl - >Ca 2+ >Na +C．还原性：HF>HCl>HBr>HI D．熔点：Li>Na>K>Rb4.下列说法不正确的是A．霓虹灯光、激光、焰火、物理成像都与电子跃迁释放能量有关B．通过红外光谱可以得知分子中含有的化学键或官能团信息C．可用质谱法快速、精确测定分子的相对分子质量D．利用X射线衍射仪鉴别金刚石和石墨5.下列不含有共价键的盐是A．K 2 CO 3B．NaClO C．CaC 2D．Mg 3 N 26.分离汽油和氯化钠溶液的混合液体，应用下列哪种分离方法A．分液B．过滤C．萃取D．蒸发7.元素X、Y、Z在周期表中的相对位置如图。

已知Y元素原子的价层电子排布为ns n-1np n+1，则下列说法不正确的是A．X元素原子的价层电子排布为3s 2 3p 5B．Z元素在周期表的第四周期ⅤA族C．X元素所在周期中所含非金属元素最多D．Y元素的简单氢化物的沸点是同族元素氢化物中沸点最低的8.下列关于共价晶体和分子晶体的说法中不正确的是A．金刚石、水晶和干冰都属于共价晶体B．共价晶体中存在共价键，分子晶体中可能存在共价键C．共价晶体的硬度通常比分子晶体的大D．有的分子晶体的水溶液能导电9.下列叙述中正确的是A．处于最低能量状态原子叫基态原子，1s 2 2s 2 2p x1→1s 2 2s 2 2p y1过程中形成的是发射光谱B．所有元素中，氟的第一电离能最大C．CCl 2 F 2无同分异构体，说明其中碳原子采取sp 3杂化D．在任何情况下，都是σ键比π键强度大10.配合物可用于离子检验，下列说法不正确的是A．此配合物中存在离子键、配位键、极性键、非极性键B．配离子为[Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−，中心离子为，配位数为6C．1mol配合物中键数目为D．该配合物为离子化合物，易电离，1mol该配合物电离得到阴、阳离子的数目共11.下列说法正确的是A．熔点：B．二氯化二硫(S 2 Cl 2 )分子结构如图：，它是同时含有极性键和非极性键的非极性分子C．在中存在4个N-H共价键，4个N-H键键长、键能均不相等D．维生素C( )易溶于水的原因和氢键有关12.请回答下列问题：(1)新型储氢材料是开发利用氢能的研究方向，Ti(BH4)3是一种储氢材料，可由LiBH4和TiCl4反应制得。

第二章 分子结构与性质 第二节 分子的空间结构课时2价层电子对互斥模型一、单选题 Ⅰ.夯实基础篇1．（2023秋·山东菏泽·高三校考期末）A N 为阿伏加德罗常数的值。

下列说法错误的是 A ．21molSCl 分子中，S 的价层电子对数是A 4N B ．常温下，218gH O 中含有氢键的数目为A 2N C ．41molP 分子中含有的共价键数目为A 6N D ．41molNaHSO 晶体中，阴阳离子数目之和是A 2N2．（2022春·福建泉州·高二校考期中）下列分子或离子的空间结构判断不正确的是 A ．NH +4为正四面体形 B ．BeCl 2为直线形 C ．NF 3为V 形D ．CO 2为直线形3．（2022春·海南儋州·高二校考阶段练习）下列对分子或离子的立体构型判断不正确的是 （ ）。

A ．NH 4+和CH 4都是正四面体形B ．CO 2和CS 2都是直线形C ．NCl 3和BCl 3都是三角锥形D ．H 2O 和H 2S 都是V 形4．（2018秋·湖北宜昌·高二校考期中）下列分子或离子的立体结构，其中不正确的是( )A ．NH 4+ 为正四面体形B ．CS 2为直线形C ．HCN 为角形(V 形)D ．PCl 3为三角锥形5．（2022春·广东惠州·高二统考期中）用VSEPR 模型预测下列分子或离子的立体结构，其中不正确的是 A ．NH 4+为正四面体形B ．CS 2为直线形C．ClO3－的空间构型为平面三角形D．PCl3为三角锥形6．（2017秋·四川成都·高二统考期末）用VSEPR模型预测下列分子或离子的立体结构，其中正确的是A．CH4与CH2Cl2均为正四面体B．BeCl2与SO2为直线形C．BF3与PCl3为三角锥形D．NO3—与CO为平面三角形7．（2022春·广东江门·高二江门市新会东方红中学校考期中）下列说法正确的是A．CHCl3分子中碳原子采用sp3杂化，分子构型为正四面体形B．H2O分子中氧原子采用sp2杂化，分子构型为V形C．CO2分子中碳原子采用sp杂化，为直线形分子D．NH+中氮原子采用sp2杂化，离子构型为正四面体形4Ⅱ.能力提升篇8．（2022春·福建南平·高二福建省南平市高级中学校考期中）下列判断正确的是A．H2O2、CS2、HI都是直线形分子B．C6H6、OF2、S2Cl2都是平面形分子C．CH2O、BF3、SO3都是平面三角形分子D．NCl3、NH3、CCl4都是三角锥形分子9．（2020秋·四川遂宁·高二射洪中学校考阶段练习）用VSEPR模型预测下列分子或离子的立体结构，其中正确的是（）A．BeCl2为V形B．SO2为直线形-为平面三角形C．PCl3为正四面体形D．CO2310．（2023秋·吉林长春·高二长春市第五中学校考期末）下表中关于各微粒的描述完全正确的一项是A ．AB ．BC ．CD ．D11．（2023秋·河北·高三统考期末）下列说法正确的是A ．原子光谱是由基态原子吸收能量到激发态时，电子跃迁产生的B ．23CO -与23SO -中，OC O --键角大于O S O --键角C ．某元素基态原子的最外层电子排布式为24s ，则该元素为ⅡA 族元素D ．因为2H O 分子间有氢键，所以2H O 的稳定性比2H S 强12．（2023秋·吉林通化·高二梅河口市第五中学校考期末）鲍林提出杂化轨道理论能解释分子的空间结构，下列关于粒子的描述正确的是A ．AB ．BC ．CD ．D13．（2023秋·重庆北碚·高二西南大学附中校考阶段练习）用分子结构的知识推测下列说法正确的是A ．2CO 、2BeCl 互为等电子体，分子均为直线形B ．23Na CO 中，阴离子空间构型为平面三角形，C 原子的杂化形式为3sp C ．根据价层电子对互斥理论，2SO 与2H O 均呈V 形，中心原子价电子对数相等D ．三氧化硫有单分子气体和三聚分子固体()两种存在形式，两种形式中S 原子的杂化轨道类型相同14．（2022秋·吉林·高二吉林一中校考阶段练习）下列说法正确的是 A ．非极性分子中的原子上一定不含孤电子对B ．AB n 型分子的中心原子最外层满足8电子稳定结构，则AB n 不一定是非极性分子C ．二氯甲烷(CH 2Cl 2)分子的中心原子采取sp 3杂化，分子中键角均为109°28′D ．平面三角形分子一定是非极性分子15．（2022秋·吉林·高二吉林一中校考阶段练习）关于CH 4、+3CH 、-3CH 三种粒子的说法，正确的是A ．C 原子的杂化类型都相同B ．CH 3+是三角锥形C ．CH 3-与BCl 3构型相同D ．CH 4与NH 4+VSEPR 模型相同16．（2023秋·山东济南·高二济南市历城第二中学校考期末）下列描述中正确的是 A ．2CS 是空间构型为V 形的极性分子B ．3PCl 、2-3CO 和2-3SO 的中心原子均为3sp 杂化C ．在基态14C 原子中，核外存在2对自旋相反的电子，其核外电子有4种运动状态D ．双原子或多原子形成的气体单质中，一定有σ键，可能有π键17．（2023·广东惠州·统考三模）“宏、微、符”三重表征是重要的化学学科素养，工业合成尿素的反应：()23222CO 2NH H O CO NH +=+中，下列相关微粒的化学用语表述正确的是A ．中子数为9的氮原子：97NB ．NH 3分子空间结构：平面三角形C ．CO(NH 2)2的结构简式：D ．NH 3的电子式：18．（2023秋·天津南开·高二天津市天津中学校考期末）下列分子的中心原子轨道杂化的类型相同的是 A ．3SO 与2SO B ．3BF 与3PClC ．2BeCl 与2SClD ．2H O 与2CS二、填空题 Ⅰ.夯实基础篇19．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）芦笋中的天冬酰胺(结构如下图)和微量元素硒、铬、锰等，具有提高身体免疫力的功效。

2022-2023学年天津市第一中学高二上学期期末数学试题一、单选题1．已知直线：，：，若，则实数（ ）1l2y x =-2l y kx =12//l l k =A ．－2B ．－1C ．0D ．1【答案】D【分析】两直线平行，则斜率相等求解.【详解】已知直线：，：，1l2y x =-2l y kx =因为，12//l l 所以1k =故选：D【点睛】本题主要考查两直线的位置关系，属于基础题.2．若圆截直线所得弦长为，则实数的值为（ ）22240+-++=x y x y m 30x y +-=2m A ．B ．C ．D ．1-2-4-31-【答案】C【分析】先将圆的方程转化为标准方程形式,可得圆心为,半径为,再求出圆()1,2-)5r m =<心到直线距离,根据弦长为,即可求得.2=m 【详解】由题,由圆的一般方程可得圆的标准方程为,22240+-++=x y x y m ()()22125x y m -++=-则圆心为,半径为,()1,2-)5r m <所以圆心到直线距离为,d 则弦长为,即,所以,2581m --=4m =-故选:C【点睛】本题考查利用弦长求参数,考查点到直线距离公式的应用,考查圆的一般方程与标准方程的转化.3．大衍数列来源于《乾坤谱》中对易传“大衍之数五十”的推论，主要用于解释中国传统文化中的太极衍生原理，数列中的每一项都代表太极衍生过程.已知大衍数列满足，{}n a 10a =，则（ ）11,,nn n a n n a a n n +++⎧=⎨+⎩为奇数为偶数45a a +=A ．12B ．20C ．28D ．30【答案】B【分析】根据递推关系求得，进而可得答案.2345,,,a a a a 【详解】由已知得，21112a a =++=，2324a a =+=，43318a a =++=，54412a a =+=4581220a a ∴+=+=故选：B.4．与椭圆有相同焦点，且短轴长为的椭圆的标准方程为（ ）229436x y +=2A ．B ．C ．D ．22143x y +=2216y x +=2216x y +=22185x y +=【答案】B【分析】求出所求椭圆的焦点坐标，可得出的值，由已知条件可得出的值，由此可得出的值，c b a 进而可得出所求椭圆的标准方程.【详解】椭圆可化为标准方程，229436x y +=22149x y +=可知椭圆的焦点在轴上，焦点坐标为，22149x y +=y (0,故可设所求椭圆方程为，则.()222210y x a b a b +=>>c =又，即，所以，故所求椭圆的标准方程为.22b =1b =2226a b c =+=2216y x +=故选：B.【点睛】本题考查椭圆方程的求解，要注意分析椭圆焦点的位置，考查计算能力，属于基础题.5．已知、分别为双曲线的左、右焦点，点在上，1F 2F 2222:1x y E a b -=M E，则双曲线的渐近线方程为（ ）1221::2:3:4F F F M F M =E A ．B ．C ．D ．2y x =±12y x=±y =y =【答案】C 【解析】由，可得，，，根据双曲线的1221:||:2:3:4F FF M F M =122FF c =23F M c=14F M c=定义求得，进而得到，即可求得双曲线的渐近线方程.2c a =b =【详解】由题意，、分别为双曲线的左、右焦点，点在上，1F 2F 2222:1x y E a b -=M E 且满足，可得，，，1221:||:2:3:4F F F M F M =122FF c =23F M c=14F M c=由双曲线的定义可知，即，21243a F MF M c c c=-=-=2c a =又由，所以双曲线的渐近线方程为.b ==y =故选：C .【点睛】本题考查了双曲线的几何性质——离心率的求解，其中求双曲线的离心率(或范围)，常见有两种方法：①求出 ，代入公式；②只需要根据一个条件得到关于的齐次式，转,a c ce a =,,a b c 化为的齐次式，然后转化为关于的方程，即可得的值(范围)．,a c e e 6．已知等差数列，是其前项和，若，则（ ）{}n a n S n 101010S a ==A ．B ．C ．D ．52a =52a =-518S =520S =-【答案】D 【分析】设数列的公差为，由等差数列的通项公式和前项和公式列关于和的方程，解{}n a d n 1a d 方程求出和，再计算和即可得正确选项.1a d 5a 5S 【详解】设数列的公差为，{}n a d 由题意可得 ，解得，1110910102910a d a d ⨯⎧+=⎪⎨⎪+=⎩182a d =-⎧⎨=⎩所以，5148420a a d =+=-+⨯=，()5154558102202S a d ⨯=+=⨯-+⨯=-故选项D 正确，故选：D.7．设是等比数列的前项和，若，，则（ ）n S {}n a n 34S =4566a a a ++=96S S =A ．B ．C ．D ．32191053196【答案】B【分析】设等比数列的公比为，求得的值，再利用等比数列的求和公式可求得结果.{}n a q 3q 【详解】设等比数列的公比为，若，则，矛盾.{}n a q 1q =456133a a a a S ++==所以，，故，则，1q ≠()()33341345631111a q a q q a a a q Sqq--++===--332q =所以，，()()()63113631151112a q a q S q S qq --==+⋅=--，()()()9311369311191114a q a q S q q S qq --==++=--因此，.9363192194510S S S S =⋅=故选：B.8．已知等差数列的前n 项和为，，，则当S 取得最小值时，n 的值为（ ）{}n a n S 130S <140S >A ．4B ．6C ．7D ．8【答案】C【分析】利用等差数列的前n 项和公式可知，，即，从而可确定当S 取最小70a <780a a +>80a >值时n 的值.【详解】因为，故.()11371371313213022a a a S a +⨯===<70a <同理，故，()()()11478714814140722a a a a a a S ++===+>780a a +>所以，即当时，取得最小值.870,0a a ><7n =n S 故选：C .【点睛】本题考查等差数列性质和等差数列前n 项和的应用，属于基础题.9．已知抛物线的焦点为，为原点，点是抛物线的准线上的一动点，点在抛物2:8C x y =F P C A线上，且，则的最小值为（ ）C ||4AF =||||PA PO +A ．B ．C ．D ．【答案】B【分析】求出点坐标，作关于准线的对称点，利用连点之间相对最短得出为A O M ||AM 的最小值．||||PA PO +【详解】解：抛物线的准线方程为，=2y -∵，∴到准线的距离为4，故点纵坐标为2，||4AF =A A 把代入抛物线方程可得．2y =4x =±不妨设在第一象限，则，A (4,2)A 点关于准线的对称点为，连接，O =2y -4(0,)M -AM 则，于是||||PO PM =||||||||||PA PO PA PM AM +=+≥故的最小值为||||PA PO +||AM ==故选：B ．【点睛】本题考查了抛物线的简单性质，属于基础题．10．已知F 是双曲线C ：的右焦点，过点F 的直线l 与双曲线C 的一条渐近()222210,0x y a b a b -=>>线垂直，垂足为A ，且直线l 与双曲线C 的左支交于点B ，若，则双曲线C 的离心率为3FA AB=（ ）A ．2B ．C ．D ．535443【答案】B【分析】设的左焦点为，连接，过作于，根据已知及双曲线性质有为线C 1F 1F B 1F 1FD FB ⊥D 1F D 段的中垂线，结合双曲线定义及关系得到关系，即可得离心率.FB ,,a b c ,a c【详解】设的左焦点为，连接，过作于，C 1F 1F B 1F 1FD FB ⊥D 易知，所以为的中位线，1//F D OA OA OAF △又图中双曲线的渐近线方程为0bx ay -=，，b=323,b BD b AB FA ===∴则为线段的中点，所以为等腰三角形，即D FB 1BF F △112BF F F c==又，1||4,||422FBb F B b ac ==-=即，2c a b +=c a ∴+=得.53c a =故选：B.二、填空题11．圆的圆心为，且圆与直线相切，则圆的方程为_________________.C (21),-C 3450x y --=C 【答案】22(2)(1)1x y -++=【分析】先求圆心到直线的距离，再求出半径，即可由圆的标准方程求得圆的方:3450l x y --=程．【详解】圆的圆心为，与直线相切，C (2,1)-:3450l x y --=圆心到直线的距离等于半径，即，1r d =圆的方程为．∴C 22(2)(1)1x y -++=故答案为：．22(2)(1)1x y -++=【点睛】本题考查圆的标准方程，直线与圆相切关系的应用，是基础题．12．若抛物线的准线与直线间的距离为3，则抛物线的方程为______.2y mx =1x =【答案】或216y x =-28y x=【分析】先求出抛物线的准线，再根据距离列方程求解即可.【详解】抛物线的准线为，2y mx =4mx =-则，解得或，134m--=16m =-8m =故抛物线的方程为或.216y x =-28y x =故答案为：或.216y x =-28y x =13．等比数列中，，是方程的两根，则的值为___________.{}n a 5a 21a 21150x x ++=71913a a a 【答案】【分析】由韦达定理可得，易知，再由等比数列的性质有5215215,11a a a a =+=-521,0a a <，结合等比数列通项公式判断的符号，进而求目标式的值.271913521a a a a a ==13a 【详解】由题设知：，又为等比数列，5215215,11a a a a =+=-{}n a ∴，且，而，521,0a a <2719135215a a a aa ===81350a a q =<∴13a =71913a a a =故答案为：14．已知椭圆与椭圆C 交于A ，B 两点，且线段2222:1(0)x y C a b a b +=>>l 的中点为，则直线l 的斜率为_________；AB (2,1)M -【答案】12【分析】由椭圆离心率和关系可得关系，再由点差法和中点坐标公式、两点的斜率公式可,,a b c ,a b 得所求值.【详解】由题意可得，c e a===2a b =设，()()1122,,,A x y B x y 则，2222112222221,1x y x y a b a b +=+=两式相减可得，()()()()12121212220x x x x y y y y a b -+-++=的中点为，，AB (2,1)M -12124,2x x y y ++∴=-=则直线斜率.212122121211(2)42y y x x b k x x a y y -+==-⋅=-⨯-=-+故答案为：.1215．已知各项为正数的数列的前项和为，且，，则{}n a n n S 11a=2n S =()2,n n N ≥∈数列的通项公式为_________.{}n a 【答案】21n a n =-【分析】先由题干求出是以为首项，公差为的等差数列，并且求得，进而写出数列112nSn =的通项公式.{}n a 【详解】解：，，0n a >∴0n S >当时，由，2n≥2n S =+.1=是以为首项，公差为的等差数列.∴11.∴()111n n =+-⨯=.∴2n S n =当时，.∴2n ≥()221121n n n a S S n n n -=-=--=-当时，上式成立.1n =故数列的通项公式为.{}n a 21n a n =-故答案为：.21n a n =-【点睛】本题考查数列的通项公式的求法，考查等差数列的性质，考查转化思想，分析问题能力，属于中档题.16．已知等差数列中，，，记数列的前n 项和为，若对任{}n a 39a =517a =1n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭n S 2110n n m S S +-≤意的都成立，则实数m 的取值范围为______.*N n ∈【答案】28,9∞⎡⎫+⎪⎢⎣⎭【分析】先利用等差数列的通项公式列方程求出数列的通项公式，令，通过计算{}n a 21n n n b S S +=-的正负确定的单调性，进而求出的最大项，则可求出实数m 的取值范围.1n nb b +-{}n b {}n b 【详解】设等差数列的公差为，{}n a d 则，解得，315129417a a d a a d =+=⎧⎨=+=⎩114a d =⎧⎨=⎩则等差数列的通项公式为，{}n a 43n a n =-则数列的通项公式为，1n a⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭1143n a n =-令，21n n n b S S +=-则()()11231212322111n n n n n n n n n a a a b b S S S S +++++++-=+----=()()()11140310898541898541n n n n n n n =--+-=<++++++即，即为递减数列，1n n b b +<{}n b 的最大项为，{}n b 131321111149545b S S a a =++-===，141045m ∴≥289m ∴≥故答案为：28,9⎡⎫+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭三、解答题17．若数列的前n 项和为，且，等差数列满足，.{}n a n S ()*231N n nS a n =-∈{}n b 113b a =324b a =+(1)求数列，的通项公式；{}n a {}n b (2)设，求数列的前n 项和.3nn n b c a ={}n c n T【答案】(1)；13n n a -=21nb n =+(2)223n nn T +=-【分析】（1）利用得到数列是等比数列，利用等比数列的通项公式可得数列，1n n n a S S -=-{}n a {}n a 再代入数列满足的等式可得的通项公式；{}n b {}n b （2）利用错位相减法可求和.【详解】（1），()*231N n n S a n =-∈又，()112312n n S a n --=-≥两式相减得，1233n n n a a a -=-即，故数列是以3为公比的等比数列，13nn a a -={}n a 又当时，，得，1n =1112231S a a ==-11a =，13n n a -∴=，，1133b a ==∴324347b a =+=+=等差数列的公差为，∴{}n b 3142312b b -==-21n b n ∴=+（2）由（1）可得，213+=n n n c ，231357212133333n n n n n T --+∴=+++++ 234113572121333333n n n n n T +-+∴=+++++ 上两式相减得，2311111123222211214243321333333333313n n n n n n n n n T +++⎛⎫- ⎪+++⎝⎭=++++-=+⨯-=-- 223n nn T +∴=-18．已知数列，，满足，，且.{}n a {}n b 111a b ==1131n n b b n +⎛⎫=+⋅ ⎪⎝⎭()*1N nn n b a a n n +-=∈(1)求数列，的通项公式；{}n a {}n b(2)记，求证：．()()()*1211N n n n n b c n n a a ++=∈--12313n c c c c ++++< 【答案】(1)，；1312n n a -+=13n n b n -=⋅(2)证明见解析.【分析】（1）分别利用累乘法和累加法求通项即可；（2）利用裂项相消得到，即可证明12312113231n n c c c c +⎛⎫++++=- ⎪-⎝⎭ 12313n c c c c ++++< 【详解】（1）根据可得，1131n n b b n +⎛⎫=+⋅ ⎪⎝⎭113n n b n b n ++=⋅所以121121n n n n n b b b b b b b b ---=⨯⨯⨯⨯ 11231121n n n n n --=⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯-- ，13n n -=⋅当时，，成立，所以，1n =01131b =⨯=13n n b n -=⋅，113n n n a a -+-=所以()()()112211n n n n n a a a a a a a a ---=-+-++-+ 2103331n n --=++++ 131131n --=+-，1312n -+=当时，，成立，所以.1n =013112a +==1312n n a -+=（2）由（1）可得，()()1111134321133131313131311122n n n n n n n n n n c n --+++⋅⋅⎛⎫===⋅- ⎪--⎛⎫⎛⎫++--⎝⎭-- ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭所以1231223121111113313131313131n n n c c c c +⎛⎫++++=-+-++- ⎪------⎝⎭ ，12113231n +⎛⎫=- ⎪-⎝⎭因为，所以.11112312n +-<-123211323n c c c c ++++<⨯=19．已知椭圆C ：的左、右焦点分别为，，离心率为，点A 在椭圆C()222210x y a b a b +=>>1F 2F 12上，，，过与坐标轴不垂直的直线l 与椭圆C 交于P ，Q 两点，N 为线段12AF =1260F AF ∠=︒2F PQ 的中点.(1)求椭圆C 的方程；(2)已知点，且，求直线l 的方程.10,8M ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭MN PQ ⊥【答案】(1)22143x y +=(2) 或3230x y --=210x y --=【分析】(1)根据椭圆的几何性质和条件列方程求出a ，b ，c ；(2)设直线l 的方程，与椭圆方程联立，运用韦达定理求出中点N 的坐标，再利用 ，求出MN PQ ⊥直线l 的斜率.【详解】（1），在 中，122122,22,2AF AF a AF a F F c +=∴=-=12AF F △ ，222121212122cos F F AF AF AF AF F AF =+-∠ 即 ， ，()()22242222222cos 60c a a ︒=+--⨯⨯-12c e a ==解得： ，，2440,2a a a -+=∴=1,c b ==椭圆C 的方程为： ；22143x y +=（2）由题意设l 的方程为： ， ，()1y k x =-()0k ≠()()1122,,,P x y Q x y 联立方程 ，得 ，()221431x y y k x ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=-⎩222212104333k k k x x ⎛⎫+-+-= ⎪⎝⎭，()221212122222863,21343443k k k x x y y k x x k k k k -∴+==+=+-=+++ ， ，22243,3434k k N k k ⎛⎫- ⎪++⎝⎭22222134243834432034MN k k k k k k k k ++++==--+ ， ，即 ，MN PQ ⊥ 1MN k k ∴=-224243132k k k k ++-=-化简得： ， ，()()23210k k k --=12310,,22k k k ≠∴== 直线l 的方程为 或者 ；3230x y --=210x y --=综上，椭圆C 的方程为：，直线l 的方程为 或者 .22143x y +=3230x y --=210x y --=20．已知数列中，，，，数列的前n 项和为.{}n a 11a =22a =()*24N n n a a n +-=∈{}n a n S (1)求数列的通项公式；{}n a (2)若，求数列的前n 项和；215n n b S n =+{}n b n T (3)在（2）的条件下，设，求证：.124n n n n n b c b b ++=1482n n k n +=+<-【答案】(1)21,22,n n n a n n -⎧=⎨-⎩为奇数为偶数(2)()41nn +(3)证明见解析【分析】（1）根据条件可得数列的奇数项和偶数项均为等差数列，分奇偶求数列的通项公{}n a {}n a 式；（2）先分组求和求得，再利用裂项相消法求得；2n S n T （3）先求出以及错位相减法求得的前项和，再通过n c 232n n +<232n n +⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭n 比较大小可证明结论.【详解】（1）由得数列的奇数项为公差为4的等差数列，偶数项也为公差()*24N n n a a n +-=∈{}n a 为4的等差数列，当为奇数时，n 1114212n n a n +⎛⎫=+-⨯=- ⎪⎝⎭当为偶数时，n 214222n n a n ⎛⎫=+-⨯=- ⎪⎝⎭21,22,n n n a n n -⎧∴=⎨-⎩为奇数为偶数（2）由（1）得()()21321242n n n S a a a a a a -=+++++++ ()()211424422n n n n n n n n--=+⨯++⨯=-()211111414144n b n n n n n n ⎛⎫∴===- ⎪+++⎝⎭()11141111114223n n T n n n ⎛⎫∴-=-+-++= ⎪+⎝⎭+ （3）由（2）()124344n n n nn n n n b c b b +++==，3223222n n n n n +++<==⨯令，231579212322222n n n n M -++=+++++ 则，234115792123222222n n n n M +++=+++++ 两式相减得：2341111111522222332372722212222222222212n n n n n n n n M +++⎛⎫- ⎪+++⎝⎭=+++++-=+⨯-=-- 2772n n M +∴=-，2772n n k n =+∴<-又，114273108710222n n n n n n +++++⎛⎫---=+> ⎪⎝⎭，14278722n n n n +++->-。

12专题03破译三角函数图像变换问题、单选题1.【湖北省咸宁市2018届高三重点高中11月联考】若函数f x =cos2x ， g x ]=sin j 2x -石【答案】【解析】/(+COS 2JC :+sin I 2x —— =cos2x4JT曲线 严 列乂）向左平移壬个单位长度后的解折式为:6本题选择E 选项.2•【山西省芮城中学 2018届高三期中】函数 f （x ） = Asin （G0x + W ）（其中A A O ，申 <:丄）的图象过点2,0 ,—, -1，如图所示，为了得到 g x ；=cos2x 的图象，则只要将 f x 的图象（）312曲线B .曲线y 二g x 向左平移 C .曲线 y = f x 向右平移 D .曲线 丄个单位长度后得到曲线6■JT个单位长度后得到曲线6—个单位长度后得到曲线12—个单位长度后得到曲线126丿即/(x )+^(x) =A. 向右平移二个单位长度6B. 向右平移个单位长度1233【答案】D+ 卩= --- 2A H (A:E Z) — +2lac(k e Z) 23It和八、 .K-(P — — > J (x) = SID I 2x4-—C.向左平移'个单位长度 6D.向左平移个单位长度12【解析】12 3TSJD3it71 1C — cos2x — sin 2无+—2 3二肚2 "12点睛：已知函数 y=Asi nicx 」‘LB （A -0,八＞0）的图象求解析式 (1)y max — y min y max yminA, B =一 2由函数的周期T 求co ,T = 利用“五点法”中相对应的特殊点求:.【广东省执信中学 2017-2018学年高二上学期期中】将函数 y=Sin j 2x ' 的图象向右平移 一个单位2长度，所得图象对应的函数■: 7 二■: 7 二A 在区间［,］上单调递减B 在区间［,］上单调递增12 12 12 12J ［ JEJ ［ J ［C.在区间^-,-］上单调递减D在区间［wy 上单调递增【答案】B兀【解析】将函数向右平移个单位长度得:((y =sin 2 x 一一J T(二 sin I 2x- 3 ，所以当7 2 二二二时，2x ，—12 3IL 2 24 •【陕西省西安市长安区2018届高三上学期质量检测】把函数.的图象上个点的横坐标缩短到原61 TI来的（纵坐标不变），再将图象向右平移个单位，那么所得图象的一个对称中心为23A B.c D (%)4【答案】D【解析】根据题意函数尸血时勺）的图象上个点的横坐标缩短到原来的k纵坐标不知，可得厂血伍昇6 2I创再将團象向右平移*单位，可得：V J sin|2 （x）+ -] = sin —）- ~cos2x^3 3 6 22K ■- + kn*2可得：x«- + -kn, kE疋"4 2当k・0时，可得对称中点为（：0）.4故选ZZf x二cosi2x • 的图象，只需将函数I 6丿g x 二sin2x 的图象（）A向左平移一个单位6C. 向左平移二个单位3【答案】A B向右平移一个单位6D向右平移少个单位3，所以函数单调递增，故选 B.125.【山东省莱芜市2018届高三上学期期中】要得到函数f x i = sin 「x ■ ' （其中）的图象如图2所示，为了得到 y 二cos 「x 的图象，只需把 y 二f x 的图象上所有点（）【解析】g x 二 sin2x =cos所以向左平移n 二26 个单位，选A2 66 •【辽宁省沈阳市交联体2018届高三上学期期中】函数C.向左平移二个单位长度6【答案】AT 7 7T更jr 【解析】根据函数的^m-=—4 122九"所以：T^JL9<D=——=2>当沪彳时，函数fyr jr即：/ ( —) =sin (2x — +<p) =0.解得所以:f (x) =sin( 2x+ —).要得到y=cos2x的图象只需将函数 f (x) =sin(2x< )向左平移.个单位长度,3 12n 兀即y=sin (2x+ + ) =cos2x.6 3故选：A.点睛：已知函数y=Asi n[cx」‘LB(A 0^ 0)的图象求解析式(1 )2■:人=涯沁，ymin.(2)由函数的周期T求,T =2 2 ⑷利用“五点法”中相对应的特殊点求:.【豫西南部分示范性高中2017-2018年高三年级第一学期联考】已知函数f X =sin 2x，为得到B.向右平移.个单位长度12D.向右平移二个单位长度6A向左平移.个单位长度123A 向左平移二个单位长度 B.向左平移.个单位长度612C.向右平移二个单位长度D.向右平移二个单位长度612【答案】A【解析】函数 g x 二 cosi2x sin ；2xsin 12x —• I 6丿 126丿 J 3丿函数f （x ）=s in ”2x +工1= sin |2 " x +丄1+》=sin " 2x +2兀】=g （ x ），是向左平移了工个单位长 2 V 3丿 [16丿3 一 V 3丿“丿 6度。

本试卷分为第1卷（选择题）、第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共100分，考试用时90分钟。

考生务必将答案涂写答题纸或答题卡的规定位置上，答在试卷上的无效。

祝各位考生考试顺利！第1卷（选择题，共44分）一、单项选择题（本题共8小题，每题3分，共24分。

每小题只有一个正确选项。

）1、2017年11月15日，我国自行研制的风云三号D星发射升空，这是一颗极轨气象卫星，运行周期约为100分钟。

而11月5日，北斗三号双星发射升空，标志着我国的北斗导航系统进入全球组网时代。

北斗系统中的同步定点卫星与风云卫星相比，下列说法正确的是( )A．两种卫星都可能经过天津上空B．北斗卫星的周期约为风云卫星的14.4倍C．北斗卫星的运行速度可能比风云卫星的大D．北斗卫星的向心力一定比风云卫星的大2、如图所示，A、B、C是水平面上同一直线上的三点，其中AB=BC，在A点正上方的O点以初速度v0水平抛出一小球，刚好落在B点，小球运动的轨迹与OC的连线交于D点，不计空气阻力，重力加速度为g，下列说法不正确的是( )A. 小球从O到D点的水平位移是从O到B点水平位移的1/2B．小球经过D点与落在B点时重力瞬时功率的比为1/2C．小球从O到D点与从D到B点两段过程中重力做功的比为1/3D．小球经过D点时速度与水平方向夹角的正切值是落到B点时速度与水平方向夹角的正切值的1/43、如图所示，有一个内壁光滑的圆锥形漏斗竖直放置，一个质量为m的小球在漏斗内壁某水平面内做匀速圆周运动。

若漏斗的侧壁与竖直方向夹角为θ，小球运动的圆平面到漏斗底端的距离为h，则下列说法正确的是( )A. 小球受到内壁的支持力与h 无关，随θ的增大而增大B ．小球运动的向心加速度与θ无关，随h 的增大而增大C ．小球运动的线速度与θ无关，随h 的增大而增大D ．小球运动的角速度与h 无关，随θ的增大而增大4、如图所示，一小球以初速度v 做竖直上抛运动，到达的最大高度为H 。

天津一中2019-2020-1 高二年级英语学科期中模块质量调查试卷第I 卷I. 听力(共20 小题，每题0.5 分，满分10 分)第一节听下面5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Which city did the man grow up in?A. Chicago.B. Atlanta.C. New York.2. What does the man want to watch tonight?A. A talk show.B. News.C. A football match.3. What does the woman come to the US for?A. Studying.B. Sightseeing.C. Visiting family.4. Where are most probably the two speakers?A. At a hotel.B. In a classroom.C. On the street.5. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. An actor.B. A live show.C. A movie.第二节听下面5 段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你都有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6 段材料，回答6-7 题。

6. What’s Linda’s plan for this Thursday night? A. To go to a friend’s party.B. To go to a baby shower.C. To take care of a baby.7. When will the two speakers have supper together?A. This Wednesday.B. This Thursday.C. This Friday.听第7 段材料，回答8-9 题。

卷01-2021-2022学年高二化学上学期第一章核心素养卷（基础卷）人教版2019选择性必修1（解析版）（时间：90分钟满分：100分）一、选择题：本题共16个小题，每小题3分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求。

1．化学知识和技术的发展离不开伟大的化学家。

下列人物与其贡献不匹配的是A．侯德榜——工业制备烧碱B．勒夏特列——化学平衡的移动C．哈伯——利用氮气和氢气合成氨D．盖斯——反应热的计算【来源】湖北省武汉市部分学校2021-2022学年高二上学期12月联考化学试题【答案】A【详解】A．侯德榜先生的贡献是联合制碱法制备纯碱，而不是烧碱，A符合题意；B．化学平衡移动原理又称勒夏特列原理，即化学平衡移动原理由勒夏特列提出，B不符合题意；C．哈伯利用N2与H2反应合成氨，哈伯因为在合成氨方面的巨大贡献而获得诺贝尔奖，C不符合题意；D．盖斯先生的贡献是提出了盖斯定律用于计算反应热，D不符合题意；故答案选A。

2．已知热化学方程式N2(g)+3H2(g)=2NH3(g) ΔH=-92kJ·mol-1。

若断开1mol H-H键吸收的能量为436kJ，形成1mol H-N键释放的能量为391kJ，则断开1mol N≡N键须A．吸收946kJ能量B．放出946kJ能量C．放出618kJ能量D．吸收618kJ能量【来源】安徽省皖北县中联盟2021-2022学年高二上学期12月联考化学试题【答案】A【详解】焓变=断键吸收能量-成键释放能量，设断开1mol N≡N键吸收x kJ能量，则有x+3×436-2×3×391kJ=-92，解得x=945.6，即断开1mol N≡N键吸收945.6kJ能量；故答案为A。

3．下列反应是吸热反应的是A．Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2↑B．CaCO3高温CaO+CO2↑C．2Al+Fe2O3高温2Fe+Al2O3D．HCl+NH3·H2O=NH4Cl+H2O【来源】安徽省皖北县中联盟2021-2022学年高二上学期12月联考化学试题【答案】B【详解】A．活泼金属与酸的置换反应为放热反应，A不符合题意；B．大部分分解反应，如碳酸钙高温分解为吸热反应，B符合题意；C．铝热反应为放热反应，C不符合题意；D．酸和碱的中和反应为放热反应，D不符合题意；综上所述答案为B。

2020-2021学年重庆市第一中学校高二下学期期末考试化学试题1.根据转化关系判断下列说法正确的是A．(C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n可以是淀粉或纤维素，二者均不属于天然高分子化合物B．可以利用银镜反应证明反应①的最终产物为葡萄糖C．葡萄糖和果糖互为同分异构体，且均为醛糖D．向反应②得到的混合物中倒入饱和氢氧化钠溶液并分液可得到纯净的乙酸乙酯2.分子式为 C4H10O并能与金属钠反应放出氢气的有机化合物有A．3种B．4种C．5种D．6 种3.下列关于聚合物A 和聚乙炔的说法正确的是A．二者均存在单双交替的结构B．二者在汽油中有一定的溶解C．可以用溴水鉴别两种高聚物D．二者的单体互为同分异构体4.已知A、B、C、D、E有如下转化关系：A B C D E(C4H8O)已知E的结构中有两种化学环境的氢，下列说法正确的是A．A的结构中只有一种化学环境的氢B．B分子中所有原子可能共平面C．1molD和金属Na反应最多生成1molH 2D．D→E反应过程中官能团的数目并未发生变化5.室温下，下列实验操作、现象和所得结论均正确的题A．A B．B C．C D．D6.某同学设计如图所示实验，探究反应中的能量变化。

下列判断正确的是A．若实验(a)中铝片能被盐酸充分溶解，则换用浓度稍高的盐酸可以提高反应放出的热量B．实验(b)中溶液温度下降的主要原因是由于铵盐溶于水吸热造成的C．实验(c)铝热反应实验时需要镁条放出的光和热引发该反应，故反应为吸热反应D．实验(d)测定酸碱中和的热效应时该温度计需要读取混合溶液的最高温度7.化学上，规定单质的生成热为0：可用物质的生成热表示该物质的相对能量高低。

氨的几种氧化物的相对能量如表所示(25℃，101kPa条件下)：A．在5种氮的氧化物中，NO(g)最活泼B．N 2 O 4 (g) ⇌ 2NO 2 (g)的过程为放热过程C．N 2 O 5(g)═2NO 2 (g) O 2 (g) △ H=+55kJ•mol ﹣1D．1molN 2 O(g) 分解成N 2 (g) 和O 2 (g) 需要放出82kJ能量8.在催化剂作用下乙苯催化脱氢制备苯乙炔的反应如下：→+2H2(g)化学键C﹣H C﹣C C=C C≡C H﹣HA．乙苯和苯乙炔分子中所有碳原子均可共平面B．乙苯和苯乙炔分子均属于芳香族化合物C．由键能数据可知该反应的△ H=[(412×2)﹣(796+436×2)]kJ•mol ﹣1 =﹣844kJ•mol ﹣1 D．等质量的乙苯和苯乙炔燃烧时乙苯所需要的氧气更多9.把温度为，浓度为和的碱溶液各50mL混合设溶液的密度均为，比热容为，轻轻搅动。

考点物质的漂白原理1．（2018课标Ⅱ）化学与生活密切相关。

下列说法错误的是A. 碳酸钠可用于去除餐具的油污B. 漂白粉可用于生活用水的消毒C. 氢氧化铝可用于中和过多胃酸D. 碳酸钡可用于胃肠X射线造影检查2．（2018北京）下列实验中的颜色变化，与氧化还原反应无关的是A B C D实验NaOH溶液滴入FeSO4溶液中石蕊溶液滴入氯水中Na2S溶液滴入AgCl浊液中热铜丝插入稀硝酸中现象产生白色沉淀，随后变为红褐色溶液变红，随后迅速褪色沉淀由白色逐渐变为黑色产生无色气体，随后变为红棕色3．（2017北京）根据SO2通入不同溶液中实验现象，所得结论不正确的是溶液现象结论A 含HCl、BaCl2的FeCl3溶液产生白色沉淀SO2有还原性B H2S溶液产生黄色沉淀SO2有氧化性C 酸性KMnO4溶液紫色溶液褪色SO2有漂白性D Na2SiO3溶液产生胶状沉淀酸性：H2SO3>H2SiO3漂白物质漂白原理特征活性炭吸附吸附性漂白，属于物理变化氯水、漂白粉[Ca(ClO)2]、H2O2、Na2O2、O3、NaClO、氧化性氧化性漂白，属于化学变化，褪色后不能复原HClOSO2化合性与有色物质结合生成不稳定的无色物质，受热后又分解恢复原来的颜色注意：1．干燥的Cl2、Ca(ClO)2、NaClO本身没有漂白性，溶于水后与水反应生成了具有强氧化性的HClO。

2．Cl2通入紫色石蕊溶液，溶液先变红（生成HCl）后褪色（HClO有漂白性），而SO2通入紫色石蕊试液只变红（生成H2SO3）不褪色，SO2漂白能力较弱，只能使品红溶液褪色。

3．使有机物褪色是漂白，使无机物褪色不叫漂白。

如SO2能漂白品红，SO2使溴水褪色不是SO2的漂白性，而是SO2的还原性。

典例1下列实验设计、现象均正确且能得出相应实验结论的是实验设计现象结论A 石灰石与浓盐酸混合，所得气体通入澄清石灰水中石灰水变浑浊盐酸酸性强于碳酸B 将SO2气体通入用盐酸酸化的KMnO4溶液中KMnO4溶液颜色褪去SO2有还原性C 将硫酸酸化的过氧化氢溶液滴入Fe(NO3)2溶液中溶液变黄H2O2氧化性强于Fe3+D 用洁净的玻璃棒離取NaClO溶液点在pH试纸中部pH试纸变蓝NaClO溶液呈碱性典例2下列有关物质性质与用途的叙述正确的是（）A．浓硫酸具有脱水性，可用作干燥剂B．NH3极易溶于水，可用作制冷剂C．二氧化硫具有漂白性，与氯水混合使用漂白效果更好D．ClO2具有氧化性，可用于自来水的杀菌消毒典例3下列实验探作、现象与结论均正确的是编号实验操作实验现象实验结论A 向酸性KMnO4溶液中通入SO2紫红色褪去SO2具有漂白性B 向CuSO4溶液中通入H2S 出现黑色沉淀酸性：H2S>H2SO4典例4下列实验操作不能．．达到其对应目的是典例5通过实验、观察类比、推理等方法得出正确的结论是化学学习的方法之一。

2016年江苏卷高考真题英语试卷-学生用卷一、单选1、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第21题1分2017~2018学年广东广州越秀区广州大学附属中学高二下学期期末第17题1分2017~2018学年广东广州越秀区广州市铁一中学高二下学期期末第17题1分2017~2018学年广东广州南沙区广州外国语学校高二下学期期末第17题1分2019~2020学年3月福建厦门思明区福建省厦门第一中学高一下学期月考第65题1分It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A. whyB. whatC. asD. that2、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第22题1分2018年天津河北区高三一模1分More efforts, as reported,in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.A. are madeB. will be madeC. are being madeD. have been made3、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第23题1分2019~2020学年4月广东深圳光明区深圳实验学校光明部高一下学期月考第11题1分2019~2020学年广东深圳罗湖区高一下学期期中第19题1分2018~2019学年广东深圳南山区深圳市南山区育才中学高一上学期期末第24题1分Many young people, most were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those4、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第24题1分— Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?— Living every day to the full, definitely.A. recipeB. recordC. rangeD. receipt5、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第25题1分He did not easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.A. approachB. wrestleC. compromiseD. communicate6、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第26题1分2019~2020学年福建厦门集美区灌口中学高二下学期期中第58题1分some people are motivated by the need for success, others are motivated by the fear of failure.A. BecauseB. IfC. UnlessD. While7、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第27题1分2019~2020学年天津南开区高二上学期期末第15题1分If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A. had not beenB. should not beC. were not to beD. should not have been8、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第28题1分2018~2019学年天津和平区天津市第一中学高一上学期期中第31题1分2020~2021学年黑龙江哈尔滨南岗区哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高一下学期期末第6题2018~2019学年天津静海区天津市静海区第一中学高三上学期期中第26题1分In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message within the work.A. to hideB. hiddenC. hidingD. being hidden9、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第29题1分2017~2018学年广东广州越秀区广州大学附属中学高二下学期期末第24题1分2017~2018学年广东广州越秀区广州市铁一中学高二下学期期末第24题1分2017~2018学年广东广州南沙区广州外国语学校高二下学期期末第24题1分Dashan, who crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.A. will be learningB. is learningC. had been learningD. has been learning10、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第30题1分Many businesses started up by college students have thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.A. fallen offB. taken offC. turned offD. left off11、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第31题1分2018~2019学年10月江苏苏州姑苏区苏州第五中学高三上学期月考第33题1分His comprehensive surveys have provided the most statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.A. explicitB. ambiguousC. originalD. arbitrary12、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第32题1分2019~2020学年天津西青区高三上学期期末第4题2019年天津和平区天津市耀华中学高三二模第14题1分—Only those who have a lot in common can get along well.—. Opposites sometimes do attract.A. I hope notB. I think soC. I appreciate thatD. I beg to differ13、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第33题1分Parents should actively urge their children to the opportunity to join sports teams.A. gain admission toB. keep track ofC. take advantage ofD. give rise to14、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第34题1分2019~2020学年甘肃兰州城关区甘肃省兰州第一中学高二上学期期末第11题1分2017~2018学年江苏南通启东市启东中学高三上学期开学考试第24题1分2019~2020学年广东深圳南山区深圳市第二高级中学高一上学期期末（深圳实验学校联考）第64题1分Not until recently the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.A. they had encouragedB. had they encouragedC. did they encourageD. they encouraged15、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第35题1分— Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.— Lack of self-confidence is his, I am afraid.A. Achilles' heelB. child's playC. green fingersD. last straw二、完形16、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第36~55题1分2019~2020学年北京西城区北京市第十三中学高三上学期开学考试第16~35题30分(每题1.5分) 2019~2020学年广东广州越秀区广州大学附属中学高一上学期期中（铁一中）第21~40题30分Years ago, a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever. I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast. While we were1, Kurt asked me, "John, what is your2for personal growth? "Never at a loss for words, I tried to find things in my life that might3for growth. I told him about the many activities in which I was4. And I went into a5about how hard I worked and the gains I was making. I must have talked for ten minutes. Kurt6patiently, but thenhe7smiled and said, "You don't have a personal plan for growth, do you? ""No, I8.""You know, " Kurt said simply, "growth is not a（n）9process."And that's when it10me. I wasn't doinganything11to make myself better. And at that moment, I madethe12: I will develop and follow a personal growth plan formy13.That night, I talked to my wife about my14with Kurt and what I had learned. I15her the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling.We16that Kurt wasn't just trying to make a sale. He was offeringa17for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.Several important things happened that day. First, we decided to18the resources. But more importantly, we made a commitment to19together as a couple. From that day on, we learned together, traveled together, and sacrificed together. It wasa20decision. While too many couples grow apart, we were growing together.A. workingB. preparingC. thinkingD. eatingA. suggestionB. demandC. planD. requestA. appealB. lookC. callD. qualifyA. involvedB. trappedC. lostD. bathedA. lectureB. speechC. discussionD. debateA. calculatedB. listenedC. drankD. explainedA. eagerlyB. graduallyC. gratefullyD. finallyA. admittedB. interruptedC. apologizedD. complainedA. automaticB. slowC. independentD. changingA. confusedB. informedC. pleasedD. hitA. on loanB. on purposeC. on saleD. on balanceA. commentB. announcementC. decisionD. arrangementA. lifeB. progressC. performanceD. investmentA. contractB. conversationC. negotiationD. argumentA. lentB. soldC. showedD. offeredA. recalledB. definedC. recognizedD. declaredA. toolB. methodC. wayD. ruleA. provideB. buyC. giveD. deliverA. growB. surviveC. moveD. gatherA. difficultB. randomC. firmD. wise三、阅读理解17、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷（A篇）第56~57题4分E-learning: An Alternative Learning OpportunityDay school ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board（TDSB）are invited to take one or two e-Learning courses on their day school timetable. Students will remain on the roll at their day school.The on-line classroom provides an innovative relevant and interactive learning environment. The courses and on-line classroom are provided by the Ministry of Education.These on-line courses are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers, are part of the TDSB Student's time table; and appear on the student's report upon completion.Benefits of e-LearningInclude:Access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school; Using technology to provide students with current information: and assistance to solve timetable conflicts.Is e-Learning for You?Students who are successful in on-line course are usually: able to plan, organize time and complete assignments and activities; capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner; and able to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet access. Students need to spend at least as much time with their on-line course work as they would in a face-to-face classroom course.(1) E-Learning courses are different from other TDSB courses in that .A. they are given by best TDSB teachers.B. they are not on the day school timetable.C. they are not included on students' reports.D. they are an addition to TDSB courses.(2) What do students need to do before completing e-learning courses?A. To learn information technology on-line.B. To do their assignments independently.C. To update their mobile devices regularly.D. To talk face to face with their teachers.18、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷（B篇）第58~60题6分Chimps（黑猩猩）will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct（本能）to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random—he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive（认知的）skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what children's minds have and chimps' don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a "we", a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.(1) What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?A. Chimps seldom care about others' interests.B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C. Chimps like to take in their neighbors' food.D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.(2) Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they.A. have the instinct to help othersB. know how to offer help to adultsC. know the world better than chimpsD. trust adults with their hands full(3) The passage is mainly about.A. the helping behaviors of young childrenB. ways to train children's shared intentionalityC. cooperation as a distinctive human natureD. the development of intelligence in children19、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷（C篇）第61~64题8分2017~2018学年上海闵行区上海市七宝中学高二上学期期中第46~49题El Nino, a Spanish term for "the Christ child", was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nino sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nino in 1997 helped American's economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought（干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21, 000 people and caused damage worth ＄36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute（ODI）, however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure（基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers （下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino's harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.(1) What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?A. It is named after a South American fisherman.B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.(2) What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.C. Rich countries' gains are greater than their losses.D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.(3) The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that.A. more investment should go to risk reductionB. governments of poor countries need more aidC. victims of El Nino deserve more compensationD. recovery and reconstruction should come first(4) What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A. To introduce El Nino and its origin.B. To explain the consequences of El Nino.C. To show ways of fighting against El Nino.D. To urge people to prepare for El Nino.20、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷（D篇）第65~70题12分2018~2019学年3月广东深圳福田区福田区高级中学高一下学期月考（A篇）第21~26题6分Not so long ago, most people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future. However, one person wants to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness. Her time was not exactly impressive, but even so, he seemed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons. Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few years later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008, Shelly Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint（短跑）."Where did she come from? "asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. But Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder. At the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold. She did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton, becoming world champion with a time of 10.73—the fourth record ever.Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. Sometimes her family didn't have enough to eat. She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Waterhouse, had to stop after she had her first baby. Maxime's early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.It didn't take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.But Shelly-Ann's victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days. "I have somuch fire burning for my country, " Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world.As Muhammad Ali puts it, "Champions aren't made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision."One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.(1) Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann?A. He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.B. He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.C. She had big problems maintaining her performance.D. She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.(2) What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?A. She would become a promising star.B. She badly needed to set higher goals.C. Her sprinting career would not last long.D. Her talent for sprinting was known to all.(3) What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track?A. Her success and lessons in her career.B. Her interest in Shelly-Ann's quick profit.C. Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.D. Her early entrance into the sprinting world.(4) What can we infer from Shelly-Ann's statement underlined in Paragraph 5?A. She was highly rewarded for her efforts.B. She was eager to do more for her country.C. She became an athletic star in her country.D. She was the envy of the whole community.(5) By mentioning Muhammad Ali's words, the author intends to tell us that.A. players should be highly inspired by coachesB. great athletes need to concentrate on patienceC. hard work is necessary in one's achievementsD. motivation allows great athletes to be on the top(6) What is the best title for the passage?A. The Making of a Great AthleteB. The Dream for ChampionshipC. The Key to High PerformanceD. The Power of Full Responsibility四、任务型阅读21、【来源】 2016年高考真题江苏卷第71~80题10分请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

专题10.1 卤代烃1．（2019年3月浙江台州市选考科目教学质量评估试题）下列各项中，表达正确的是A．水分子的球棍模型：B．氯离子的结构示意图：C．CO2分子的电子式：D．氯乙烯的结构简式：CH3CH2Cl【答案】B【解析】A.水分子是V形分子，不是直线形分子，故A错误；B.Cl元素的质子数是17，Cl-的核外电子数是18，所以Cl-的结构示意图为，故B正确；C.CO2分子的电子式：，故C错误；D.氯乙烯的结构简式：CH2=CHCl，故D错误。

答案选B。

2．（安徽省皖江名校2018届高三最后一卷）化学与人类生活密切相关。

下列有关叙述正确的是A．饱和( NH4)2SO4溶液滴加到鸡蛋清溶液中，有沉淀产生，再加入蒸馏水沉淀又溶解B．氟利昂无毒、易挥发，可作制冷剂，但不稳定，可破坏臭氧层，已禁止限制使用C．粮食酿酒实质是淀粉在淀粉酶的作用下转变为酒精的过程D．硬化油又叫人造脂肪，便于储存和运输，但容易被空气氧化变质【答案】A【解析】结合以上分析A. 盐析是可逆过程，所以饱和( NH4)2SO4溶液滴加到鸡蛋清溶液中，有沉淀产生，再加入蒸馏水沉淀又溶解，A正确；B. 氟利昂在低层大气中很稳定，故B错误；C. 淀粉在淀粉酶的作用下不能转变为酒精，故C错误；D. 硬化油不容易被空气氧化，故D错误；因此，本题答案为A。

3．（山西省实验中学2018届高三上学期学业质量监测）下列关于有机化合物的说法不正确的是A．异丁烷也称2-甲基丁烷B．乙烯水化生成乙醇属于加成反应C．C5H10O2属于羧酸类的物质有4 种同分异构体D．室温下在水中的溶解度：乙醇>溴乙烷【答案】A【解析】A. 异丁烷的系统命名为2-甲基丙烷，故A不正确；B. 乙烯水化生成乙醇属于加成反应，故B正确；C. C5H10O2属于羧酸类时可改写为C4H9—COOH，—C4H9有四种结构，C5H10O2属于羧酸类物质有4 种同分异构体，故C正确；D. 室温下，乙酸与水易形成氢键，增大乙醇的溶解度，故在水中的溶解度：乙醇>溴乙烷，D正确。