管理学专业术语(中英文对照)

项目管理专业术语列表Accept 验收Acceptance 验收Acceptance criteria 验收标准Acquire project team 组建项目团队Activity 活动Activity attributes 活动属性Activity code 活动编码Activity Definition 活动定义Activity Description（AD）活动描述/说明Activity Duration estimating 活动历时估算Activity identifier 活动标识符Activity list 活动列表Activity-On-Arrow（AOA）箭线网络图（双代号网络图）Activity-on-Node（AON）节点式网络图（单代号网络图）Activity resource estimating 活动资源估算Activity sequencing 活动排序Actual 实际Actual cost（AC）实际成本Actual Cost of Work Performed（ACWP）已执行工作实际成本Actual duration 实际历时Actual Finish Date（AF）实际完成日期Actual Start Date（AS）实际开始日期Administrative Closure 行政收尾Analogous estimating 类比估算Application area 应用领域Apportioned effort（AE）分配的工作量Approval 批准Approve 批准Approved change request 已批准的变更请求Arrow 箭线Arrow Diagramming Method（ADM）箭线图示法As-of date 截止日期Assumptions假设Assumptions analysis 假设分析Authority 职权Backward Pass 逆推计算法Bar Chart 横道图（甘特图，条形图）Baseline 基准计划（基线）Baseline finish date 基线完成日期Baseline start date 基线开始日期Bill of materials（BOM）材料单bottom-up estimating 自底向上估算brainstorming 头脑风暴budget 预算budget at completion（BAC）完工预算budget estimate 概算budgeted cost of work performed（BCMP）已执行工作的预算成本budgeted cost of work scheduled（BCWS）计划执行预算成本buffer 缓冲buyer 买方calendar unit 日历单位change 变更change control board（CCB）变更控制委员会change control system 变更控制系统change request 变更请求chart of accounts 账目图表charter 章程checklist 检查单claim 索偿close project 结束项目closing processes收尾过程code of accounts 账目编码co-location 同地办公common cause 共同原因communication 沟通communication management plan 沟通管理计划communications planning 沟通规划compensation 补偿component 组件concurrent engineering 并行工程configuration management system 配置管理系统constraint 约束条件contingencies 意外contingency 意外，应急contingency allowance 应急余量contingency planning应急计划contingency reserve 应急储备contract 合同contract administration 合同管理contract closure 合同收尾contract management plan合同管理计划contract statement of work（SOW）合同工作说明书contract work breakdown structure（CWBS）合同工作分解结构control 控制controlling 控制control account 控制账目control account plan 控制账目计划control chart 控制图control limits 控制范围corrective action 纠正措施cost 成本cost baseline 成本基线cost budgeting 成本预算cost control 成本控制cost estimating 成本估算cost management plan成本管理计划cost of quality 质量成本cost performance index（CPI）成本绩效系数cost-plus-fee（CPF）成本加附加费cost-plus-fixed-fee（CPFF）contract 成本加固定附加费合同cost-plus-incentive-fee（CPIF）contract成本加奖励合同cost reimbursable contract成本偿还合同cost V ariance（CV）费用偏差crashing 赶工create WBS（work breakdown structure）创建工作分解结构critical 关键critical activity 关键活动critical chain method 关键链法critical path 关键路径critical path method（CPM）关键路径法current 当前current finish date 当前结束日期current start date 当前开始日期data date（DD）数据日期date 日期decision tree analysis 决策树分析decompose 分解decomposition 分解defect 缺陷defect repair 缺陷修复deliverable 可交付物delphi technique 德尔菲技术dependency 依赖关系design review 设计评审develop 开发，研制develop project charter 制定项目章程develop project management plan 制定项目管理计划develop project scope statement（preliminary）制定项目范围说明书（初步）develop project team 项目团队建设direct and manage project execution 指导和管理项目执行discrete effort 离散工作量document 文档documented procedure 明文的规范dummy activity 虚活动duration（DU or DUR）历时duration compression 历时压缩early 早early finish date（EF）最早完工日期early start date（ES）最早开始日期earned value（EV）挣值法earned value analysis 挣值分析earned value management 挣值管理earned value technique（EVT）挣值技术effort 工作量enterprise environmental factors 事业环境因素estimate 估算estimate at completion（EAC）在完成时的费用估算estimate to complete（ETC）到完成时的估算event 事件event-on-node 单节点事件图exception report 异常报告execute 执行execution 执行executing 执行executing processes 执行过程expected monetary value（EMV）analysis 期望货币值分析expert judgment 专家判断failure mode and effect analysis 失败模式和影响分析fast tracking 快速跟进finish 完成finish date 完成日期finish-to-finish（FF）完成到完成关系finish-to-start（FS）完成到开始关系fixed-price 固定价格firm-fixed-price（FFP）contract 固定总价合同fixed-price-incentive-fee（PFIF）contract固定价格加奖励合同fixed-price or lump-sum contract 固定价格或总额合同float 浮动时间flowcharting 流程图forecasts 预测，预想forward pass 正推法free float（FF）自由时差functional 职能functional manager 职能经理functional organization 职能型组织funds 资金gantt chart 甘特图goods 物品、货物、商品grade 等级graphical evaluation and review technique（GERT）图解评审技术ground rules 基本规则、条例hammock 集合工作hammock activity 集合活动human resource planning 编制人力资源计划imposed date 强制日期influence 影响influence diagram 影响图influencer 有影响力的人information distribution 信息发布initiate 发起initiation 立项initiator 发起人initiating processes 启动过程inspection 审查integral 整体integrated 整体的integrated change control 整体变更控制integrated cost/schedule reporting 成本/进度综合报告invitation for bid（IFB）邀标书issue 问题、争端key event schedule 关键事件进度计划lag 滞后late 迟late finish date（LF）最迟结束时间late startdate（LS）最迟开始日期latest revised estimate 最新修订的估算lead 超前，提前量lessons learned 经验教训lenssons learned knowledge base 经验知识库level of effort（LOE）投入水平leveling 平衡life cycle 生命周期life-cycle costing 全生命期成本估算line manager 产品经理logic 逻辑logic diagram 逻辑图logical relationship 逻辑关系loop 回路manage 管理manage project team 管理项目团队manage stakeholders 管理项目干系人management reserve 管理储备量master schedule 主进度表materiel 物资matrix organization 矩阵型组织methodology 方法论milestone 里程碑milestone schedule 里程碑进度modern project management（MPM）现代项目管理monitor 监督monitoring 监督monitor and control project work 监督和控制项目工作monitoring and controlling processes 监督和控制过程monte carlo analysis 蒙托卡罗分析near-critical activity 近关键路径network 网络network analysis 网络分析network logic 网络逻辑network loop 网络循环network path 网络路径networking 人际网node 节点objective 目标，目的operations 日常运营opportunity 机会organization 组织organization chart 组织图organizational breakdown structure（OBS）组织分解结构organizational planning 组织规划organizational process assets 组织过程资产original duration（OD）初始历时overall change control 整体变更控制overlap 重叠parametric estimating 参数式估算pareto chart 帕累托图path 路径path float 线路时差path convergence 路径会聚path divergence 路径发散percent complete（PC）完成百分比perform 执行perform quality assurance（QA）执行质量保证perform quality control（QC）执行质量控制performance measurement baseline绩效测量基线performance reporting 绩效报告performance reports 绩效报告performing organization 执行机构PERT chart 计划评审技术图phase 阶段plan 计划plan contracting 签约计划plan purchases and acquisitions 编制采购计划planned finish date（PF）计划结束时间planned startdate（PS）计划开始时间planned value 计划值planning package 计划包planning processes 计划过程portfolio 组合portfolio management 项目组合管理position description 岗位描述practice 惯例precedence 优先precedence diagramming method（PDM）前导图法precedence relationship 前导关系predecessor activity 前置活动preventive activity 预防措施probability and impact matrix 概率和影响矩阵procedure 规程process 过程process group 过程组procurement 采购procurement documents 采购文档procurement management plan采购管理计划procurement planning 采购规划product 产品product life cycle 产品生命周期product scope 产品范围product scope description 产品范围描述program 大型项目program evaluation and review technique（PERT）计划评审技术program management 大型项目管理program management office 大型项目管理办公室progressive elaboration 渐进明细project 项目project calendar 项目日历project charter 项目章程project communication management 项目沟通管理project cost management 项目成本管理project human resource management 项目人力资源管理project initiation 项目启动project integration management 项目整体管理project life cycle 项目生命周期project management（PM）项目管理project management body of knowledge（PMBOK）项目管理知识体系project management information system 项目管理信息系统project management knowledge area 项目管理知识域project management office（PMO）项目管理办公室project management plan 项目管理计划project management process 项目管理过程project management process group 项目管理过程组project management professional（PMP）项目管理专业人员project management software 项目管理软件project management system 项目管理系统project management team 项目管理团队project manager （PM）项目经理project network diagram 项目网络图project organization chart 项目组织章程project phase 项目阶段project plan 项目计划project plandevelopment 项目计划开发project planexecution 项目计划实施project planning 项目规划project process groups 项目过程组project procurement management 项目采购管理project quality management 项目质量管理project risk management 项目风险管理project schedule 项目进度project schedule network diagram 项目进度网络图project scope 项目范围project scope management 项目范围管理project scope management plan 项目范围管理计划project scope statement 项目范围说明书project sponsor 项目发起人project stakeholder 项目干系人project summary work breakdown structure（PSWBS）项目概要工作分解结构project team 项目团队project team directory 项目团队名录project team members 项目团队成员project time management 项目时间管理project work 项目工作projected organization 项目型组织quality 质量qualitative risk analysis 定性风险分析quality management plan 项目质量计划quality planning 制定项目质量计划quality assurance（QA）质量保证quality control（QC）质量控制quantitative risk analysis 定量风险分析regulation 规章reliability 可靠性remaining duration（RDU）剩余历时request 请求request for information 信息请求request for proposal（RFP）方案征集书request for quotation（RFQ）报价请求request seller responses 请求卖方回应requested change 已申请的变更requirement 需求reserve 预留reserve 预留分析resource 资源resource breakdown structure（RBS）资源分解结构resource calendar 资源日历resource-constrained schedule 资源受限的进度resource histogram 资源图resource leveling 资源平衡resource-limited schedule 资源受限的进度resource planning 资源规划responsibility 责任responsibility assignment matrix（RAM）责任分配矩阵responsibility chart 责任图responsibility matrix 责任分配矩阵result 成果retain age 保证金rework 返工risk 风险risk acceptance 风险接受risk avoidance 风险规避risk breakdown structure（RBS）风险分解结构risk category 风险类别risk database 风险数据库risk event 突发事件risk identification 风险识别risk management plan 风险管理计划risk management planning编制风险管理计划risk mitigation 风险缓解risk monitoring and control风险监督和控制risk register 风险登记表risk response planning 制定风险应对计划risk responsecontrol 风险应对控制risk responsedevelopment 风险应对开发risk transference 风险转移role 角色rolling wave planning 滚动式计划root cause analysis 根本原因分析S-curve S曲线schedule 进度计划schedule activity 进度活动scheduleanalysis 进度分析schedulecompression 进度压缩schedulecontrol 进度控制schedule development 进度制定schedule management plan进度管理计划schedule milestone 进度里程碑schedule model 进度模型schedule network analysis进度网络分析scheduleperformance index（SPI）进度绩效指数schedulevariance（SV）进度偏差scheduled finish date（SF）计划结束日期scheduled start date（SS）计划开始日期scope 范围scope baseline 范围基线scope change 范围变更scope change control 范围变更控制scope control 范围控制scope creep 范围蔓延scope definition 范围定义scope planning 编制范围管理计划scope verification 范围验证secondary risk 二次风险select sellers 卖方选择sellers 卖方sensitivity analysis 敏感度分析service 服务should-cost estimate 理想成本估算simulation 模拟skill 技能slack 松弛量solicitation 询价，询价规范special cause 特定原因specification 规格说明书specification limits 规格限定sponsor 发起人、出资方staff 人员配备staff acquisition 工作人员招募staffing management plan 人员配备管理计划stakeholder 项目干系人standard 标准start 开始startdate 开始日期start-to-finish（SF）开始到完成关系start-to-start（SS）开始到开始关系statement of work（SOW）工作说明书strengths，weaknesses，opportunities，and threats（SWOT）analysisSWOT分析sub 子subnet 子网subnet work 子网络sub phase 子阶段sub project 子项目successor 后续successor activity 后续活动summary activity 汇总活动system 系统target 目标，预定target completion date（TC）预定完成时间target finish date（TF）预定结束时间target schedule 预定进度target startdate（TS）预定开始时间task 任务team 团队team development 团队建设team members 团队成员technical performance measurement技术性能测量technique 技术template 模板threat 威胁three-point estimate 三点估算threshold 阀值time and material（T&M）contract工时和材料合同time-scaled schedule network diagram 时标进度网络图time-scaled network diagram 时标网络图tool 工具total float（TF）总时差total quality management（TQM）全面质量管理trend analysis 趋势分析triggers 触发条件triple constraint 三约束user 用户validation 确认value engineering价值工程variance 差异variance analysis 差异分析verification 验证virtual team 虚拟团队voice of the customer顾客意见war room 指挥部work 工作work authorization 工作授权work authorization system 工作授权体系work breakdown structure（WBS）工作分解结构work breakdown structure component 工作分解结构部件work breakdown structure dictionary 工作分解结构字典work item 工作项work package 工作包work performance information 工作绩效信息workaround 风险应急。

管理学词汇中英文对照Accountability 责任感Achievement-oriented leadership 成就取向型领导Activity ratio 活动比率Adaptive organization (horizontal corporation) 自适应组织Administrative management 行政管理Affiliation needs 归属的需要Aggregate planning 综合计划Alternative courses of action 可供选择的行动Artifacts 人工环境Assessment center 评价中心Assets 资产Attitudes 态度Authority 职权Autonomy 自治Balance sheet 资产负债表BCG matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵Behavior modification 行为修正Behavioral approach 行为法Behavioral decision model 行为决策模型Boundary-spanning roles 跨界角色Bounded rationality 有限理性Brainstorming 头脑风暴法Breakeven analysis 头脑风暴法Budgets 预算Bureaucratic control 官僚控制Bureaucratic management 官僚管理Business ethics 商业道德Business portfolio matrix 商业资产组合矩阵Business strategy 商业策略Cash cows 金钱牛Chain of command 指挥链Changing 变革Charismatic authority 魅力权威模式Classical perspective 古典管理理论Closed system 封闭系统Code of ethics 伦理规范Coercive power 强制力Cohesiveness 凝聚力Communication 沟通Communication network 沟通网Compensation 报酬Competitive advantage 竞争优势Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) 计算机辅助设计Conceptual skill 概念能力Concurrent control 并行控制Constraints 强制，约束Contingency approaches 随即制宜法Contingency perspective 权变观Contingency planning 随即计划Continuous schedule of reinforcement 连续性奖励Continuous-flow production system 连续生产系统controlling 控制职能Controls 控制Corporate social responsibility 公司社会责任Corporate strategy 公司战略Cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略Current assets 流动资产Current liabilities 流动负债Customer divisional structure 消费者多样化结构Data 数据Debt ratios 负债比率Decision making 决策Decision support system (DSS) 决策制定系统Decision tree 决策树(体系)Decision varialbes 决策变量decisional roles 决策角色Decoding 解码Delegation 授权Delphi technique 魔鬼提倡法Devil's advocacy 唱反调的人Dialectical inquiry 辩证探求法Differention strategy 差异化战略Directive leadership 指示领导Diversity 多样化Divisional structure 部门是结构Dogs 瘦狗Downward communication 下行沟通Dynamic network 动态网络Economic feasibility 经济可行性Effectiveness 效果Efficiency 效率Electronic data interchange (EDI) EDI电子数据交换Electronic funds transfer (EFT) 电子资金转换Electronic mail (e-mail) 电子邮件Employee assistance programs (EAPs) 员工辅助项目顾问Employee-centered work redesign 员工工作再设计Employment test 就业测试Empowering employees 职工授权Encoding 编码End users 终极用户Entropy 衰退趋势Escalation of commitment 递增效忠Esteem needs 尊重的需要Ethical behavior 道德表现Ethical dilemma 伦理困境Ethics 伦理Expectancy 期望Expected monetary value (EMV) 预期货币价值Expected value 预期价值Expert power 专家权力Expert system 专家系统External communication 外部环境External customer 外部顾客External forces 外部力量Extinction 废止Feedback 反馈Feedback 反馈Feedback 反馈Feedback (corrective) control 反馈校正控制Feedback controls 反馈控制Feedforward (preventive) control 前馈预防控制Feedforward controls 前馈控制Fixed assets 固定资产Fixed-interval schedule 定时给奖Fixed-position layout 定位式布置Fixed-ratio schedule 定比给奖Focus strategy 集中战略Force-field analysis 立场分析Formal groups 正式群体Functional manager 职能管理者Functional strategy 职能管理者Functional structure 职能式战略GE matrix 职能式结构General environment 一般环境General manager 总经理Generic strategies 一般性策略Geographic divisional structure 全球多样化战略Global strategy 全球化战略Goal setting 目标结构Goals 目标Grand strategy 主战略Grapevine 藤状网络式沟通Group 群体Groupthink 群体思想Groupware 群件Halo-and-horn effect 月晕效应Hawthorne effect 关注作用Human resource information systems (HRISs) 人力资源信息系统Human resource management 人力资源管理Human resource planning 人力资源计划Human rights approach 人权方法Human skills 人工技巧Hybrid layout 混合式布置Hygiene factors 保健因素hyperchange 极度改变Income statement 损益表Informal groups 非正式群体Information 信息Information overload 信息过量Information power 信息权力Information technology 信息技术Informational roles 信息角色Inputs 投入Instrumental values 工具价值Instrumentality 媒介;工具;手段Intangible costs 无形成本Integrating mechanisms 结合机制Interdependence 互相依赖Internal customer 内部顾客Internal forces 内力Internal network 内部网络Interpersonal roles 人际交往能力Intuition 直觉Jargon 行话Job analysis 工作分析;工种分析Job depth 工作深度Job description 工作说明Job description 工作说明Job design 工作设计Job enlargement 工作扩大化Job enrichment 工作丰富化Job rotation 岗位轮换Job satisfaction 工作满意Job scope 工作丰富化Job specifications 工作规范;操作规程Job-shop production system 职务专业化Justice approach 公正合理观Just-in-time (JIT) inventory management 及时存货系统Labor-management relations 劳工管理关系Language systems and metaphors 语言习惯Lateral communication 横向沟通Law of effect 效应法则Law of requisite variety 必要多样性定律Leadership 领导Leadership substitutes 领导替代leading 领导Least preferred coworker (LPC)scale 最不喜欢的同事Legitimate power 法定权利Liabilities 负债Line personnel 线形人事管理Liquidity ratios 流动率Local-area network (LAN) 局域网Locus of control 控制点Locus of decision making 局域网Long-term liabilities 长期债务Machiavellian personality 马基雅弗利人格理论Management 管理Management by exception 例外管理Management by objectives (MBO) 目标管理责任制Management information system (MIS) 信息管理系统Managers 经理Master production schedule 主生产排程Matket growth rate 市场增长率Matrix structure 矩阵结构Mechanistic systems 机械式组织Medium 载体Messages 消息Motivation 激励Motivator factors 激励因素Multidomestic strategy 多元化策略Myths 虚构的故事Need for achievement 成就需要Negative reinforcement 消极强化Network structure 网络结构Noise 噪声Nominal group technique (NGT) 名义群体技术Nonprogrammed decision 非程序化决策Nonverbal communicationa 非语言沟通Norms 标准;规范;典范;限额Objectives 目标Objectives function 目标函数Open system 开放系统Operational feasibility 造作可行性Operational plan 作业计划Operational planing 作业计划职能Opportunity 机遇Oral communication 口头交流Organic (clan) control 有机控制Organic system 有机系统organization 组织安排Organizational change 组织变革Organizational control 组织控制Organizational culture 组织文化Organizational design 住址决策Organizational development (OD) 组织发展Organizational feasibility 组织可行性Organizational mission 组织使命Organizational structure 组织结构Organizing 组织Orientation 定位Outputs 产出Owner's equity 所有者权益Partial schedule of reinforcement 间断性奖励Participative leadership 参与型领导Participative management 参与管理Path-goal model 途径-目标模型Payoff table 决定(因素)表;结算表;成果表Payoffs 发工资Performance appraisal 绩效考评Personality 性格PERT(program Evaluation and review technique) 计划审评技术Physiological needs 生理的需要Plan 计划planning 计划,部署Policies 政策Pooled interdependence 共有相互依存Positive reinforcement 正强化Power 权利Problem 问题Procedures 程序Process consultation 过程咨询Process layout 工艺式布置Product divisional structure 生产部门式结构Product layout 产品式布置Productivity 生产力Profitability ratios 收益比率Programmed decision 程序化决策Programs 规划Project production system 工程生产系统Projects 项目Protected class 受保护一类Punishment 惩罚Quality assurance 质量保证Quality circle QC小组Quality control 质量管理;质量控制Quality management 质量管理Question marks 问号Rational-economic decision model 理性经济决策模型Rational-legal authority 法理权威模式Reciprocal interdependence 交互性的互赖性Recruitment 招聘Reengineering 工程再造Referent power 指示权力Refreezing 再冻结阶段Relationship orientation 关系导向Relationship-orientation roles 关系导向角色Relative market share 相关市场份额Repetitive, assembly-line, or mass-production system 重复性、流水线、大量生产系统Responsibility 职责Restraining forces 阻力Reward power 奖励权力Rites 仪式Robotics 机器人技术Roles 任务，角色Rules 规则Satisficing 满意性Scalar principle 等级原则Schedules of reinforcement 强化时间表Scientific management 科学管理Security needs 安全的需要Selection 选拔Selective perception 选择性理解Self-actualization needs 自我实现需要Self-esteem 自尊Self-management teams 自我管理小组Self-management teams 自我管理小组Self-monitoring 自我控制Self-oriented roles 自我取向角色Sequential interdependence 顺序式互赖Sexual harassment 性骚扰Single-use plans 一次性计划Skill vareity 多种技能SLT model 情境领导模型Social context 社会关联性Span of control 控制幅度，管理幅度Special-purpose team 特殊目标小组Stable environment 环境稳定Stable network 稳固网络Staff personnel 员工人事管理Staffing 人员雇佣；职工配备Stakeholders 利益相关者Standing plans 长设计划Stars 明星States of nature 自然状态Stereotyping 典型化Stories 事迹Strategic analysis 战略分析Strategic control 战略控制Strategic decision-making matrix 战略决策矩阵Strategic goals 战略目标Strategic plan 战略计划Strategic plan 战略计划Strategic planning 战略计划职能Strategic planning 战略计划职能Strategy formulation 战略制定Strategy Implementation 战略实施Supportive leadership 支持型领导Survey feedback 调查反馈Synergy 共同作用Systems analysis 系统分析Systems development life cycle (SDLC) 发展周期系统Tangible costs 可收回成本Task environment 任务环境Task identity 任务说明Task orientation 任务导向型Task significance 任务重要性Task-oriented roles 任务导向型角色Team building 团队建设Technical feasibility 技术可行性Technical skills 技术技能Telecommuting 远程办公Terminal values 终极价值Theory X (管理)X理论Theory Y (管理)Y理论Theory Z (管理)Z理论Total quality management (TQM) TQM全面质量管理Total quality management (TQM) TQM全面质量管理Traditional authority 传统权威模式Training 培训Trait approach 特征途径Transactional leadership 执行性领导Transformation process 变革过程Turbulent environments 动荡环境Type A orientation A型意向者Type B orientation B型意向者Unfreezing 解冻Unity of command 统一指挥Upward communication 上行沟通Utility approach 功利主义观Valence 效价Validity 效度Values 价值Variable-ratio schedule 变动比率增时制Variance reporting 视频会议Videoconferencing 视频会议Vigilance 警戒Whistleblower 揭发Wide-area network (WAN) 局域网Written communication 笔头交流。

第二部分专业词汇中英文对照AAbsenteeism 缺勤，旷工Acceptance of authority权威的认可Accommodation 顺应（对待冲突的策略）Achievement-oriented leader 成就导向型领导者Acid test ratios 速动比率Acquisition 并购，收购Active listening 积极倾听Activities 活动Adjective rating scales描述性评分表Affective component of an attitude 态度的情感成分Affirmative action programs 确认行动计划，积极行动方案Age Discrimination in Employment Act 反就业年龄歧视法案Agreeableness 随和Agriculture wave 农业化阶段，农业时代Americans with Disabilities Act 美国人对待残疾法案Analytic decision-making style 分析型决策制定风格Answering questions 回答问题Anthropology 人类学Assaults 袭击，攻击Assertiveness 专断，肯定，强制取向（划分解决冲突风格的维度）Assumed similarity 假定相似性Attentional processes 注意过程Attitudes 态度Attribution theory 归因理论Authority 职权，权威Autocratic style of leadership 专制式领导，独裁式领导Autonomy 自主，自主权Availability heuristic 只利用现有信息决策的取巧途径，以易代难倾向Avoidance 回避，规避BBaby boomers 婴儿潮Bargaining strategies 争价策略，谈判策略Barriers to communication沟通障碍Basic corrective action彻底纠错行动Behavioral component of an attitude 态度的行为成分Behavioral science theorists 行为科学理论家Behavioral style of decision making 行为型决策制定风格Behavioral theories of leadership 行为领导理论Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) 行为定位评分法Behavior-related symptoms行为表征Benchmarking 标杆瞄准，基准化Big five model 五因素模型，大五模型Board representatives 员工代表Body language 身体语言“Boiled frog phenomenon”“煮青蛙现象”Borderless organizations无边界组织（内部）Boundaryless organization无界组织Bounded rationality 有限理性Brainstorming 头脑风暴法Break-even analysis 盈亏平衡分析Broad-banding 基于员工能力付酬的一种方式Bureaucracy 官僚行政组织Bureaucratic control 行政控制Business evaluation method 企业评估方法C“Calm waters” metaphor“风平浪静”观Career 职业生涯Centralization 集权，集中Certainty 确定性Chain of command 指挥链Change agent 变革推动者Change 变革，改革，变化Changing economy 变化的经济Channel 渠道，媒介Charismatic leadership theory 魅力型领导理论Civil Rights Act 民权法案Clan control 文化控制Classical approach 经典观念，经典学派Closed system 封闭系统Coach 教练Code of ethics 道德规范Coercive power 强制权力，强制权Cognitive component of an attitude 态度的认知成分Cognitive dissonance 认知失调Collaboration 合作（对待冲突的策略）Combination strategy 组合战略Communication differences沟通差异Communication process 沟通过程Communications 沟通Compensation 薪酬Compensation administration薪酬管理Competence 技能，专长，能力，胜任特征Competency-based compensation 基于能力的报酬Competitive advantage 竞争优势Competitive intelligence竞争情报Competitive strategy 竞争战略Conceptual skills 概念技能，抽象能力Conceptual style of decision making 概念型决策制定风格Concurrent control 并行控制，同期控制Conflict management 冲突管理Conflict managers 冲突管理者Conflict 冲突Conscientiousness 正直，尽责Consideration 关心，关怀Consistency 一贯性Consultants 顾问，咨询者Contingency approach 权变观念，权变学派Contingency theories of leadership 权变领导理论Contingency variable 权变变量Contingent workforce 应急工，临时工Continuous improvement 持续改进，不断改进Contract workers 合同工Control 控制Controlling 控制职能Cooperativeness 合作取向（划分解决冲突风格的维度）Core competency 核心能力，核心专长Core employees 核心员工Cost-leadership strategy成本领先战略Creative-thinking skills创造思维能力Creativity 创造力Critical incidents 关键事件法Critical path scheduling analysis 关键路径计划分析法Critical path 关键路径Crossword comprehension填字游戏，纵横字谜理解Current ratio 流动比率Customer departmentalization 按顾客划分部门Customer service 顾客服务Customer-responsive culture 顾客响应文化DData Protection Act 数据保护法案Debt to assets ratio 资产负债率Decentralization 分权，分散Decision criteria 决策准则Decision implementation 决策实施Decision making 决策制定Decision-making process决策制定过程Decision-making styles 决策风格Decision trees 决策树Decisional entrepreneur决策方面的创业家角色Decoding 解码Delegation 授权Democratic style of leadership 民主式领导Democratic-consultative leader 民主咨询式领导者Democratic-participativeleader 民主参与式领导者Departmentalization 划分部门，部门化Design 设计Deterrence-based trust 基于威慑的信任Devil’s advocate吹毛求疵者Differentiation strategy差异化战略Direct supervision 直接监督Directional plans 指导性计划Directive leader 指示型领导者Directive style of decision-making 指示型决策制定风格Discipline 纪律Disseminator 传播者Distinctiveness 独特性Distributive bargaining分配型讨价还价，零和分配争价Disturbance handler 故障排除者Division of labor 劳动分工Downsizing 缩小规模Dysfunctional conflict 功能失调的冲突，不利的冲突Ee-business 电子企业，虚拟企业e-commerce 电子商务Economic order quantity (EOQ) 经济定货批量Economics 经济学Effectiveness 效果Efficiency 效率Elderly 年长者，老年人Electronic meeting 电子会议E-mail 电子邮件E-manufacturing 电子制造Emotional intelligence (EI) 情商Emotional stability 情绪稳定Emotions 情绪Employee assessment 员工评价Employee assistance programs (EAPs) 员工帮助计划Employee benefits 员工福利Employee counseling 员工咨询Employee oriented 员工导向的Employee theft 员工偷窃Employee training 员工培训Employment planning 招聘计划，雇佣计划Empowerment skills 赋权技巧Empowerment 赋权Encoding 编码English-only rules 仅使用英语进行交流Entrepreneurs 企业家，创业家Entrepreneurship 创业Environmental scanning 环境扫描e-organization 虚拟组织Equal Pay Act 平等工资法案Equity theory 公平理论Escalation of commitment过度承诺Esteem needs 尊重需要Ethics 道德Events 事件Expectancy theory 期望理论Expert power 专家权力，专长权Expert systems 专家系统Expertise 专业知识，专门技术Extinction 消除Extranets 企业外网，广域网Extroversion 外向FFair labor standards Act公平劳动标准法案Family and Medical Leave Act家庭和医疗假期法案Federal Electronic Communications Privacy Act 联邦电子通讯隐私法案Feedback 反馈Feedback control 反馈控制Feedforward control 前馈控制Fiedler contingency leadership model 菲德勒权变领导模型Figurehead 挂名首脑Filtering （信息）过滤First-line managers 基层管理者，一线管理者Fixed-point reordering system 定点定货系统Flexibility 灵活性Flextime 弹性工作时间Focus strategy 集中化战略Forcing 强制（对待冲突的策略）Formal planning 正式计划Free-market democracies自由市场经济Functional conflict 有利的冲突Fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误Future orientation 未来导向GGantt Chart 甘特图Gender differences 性别差异General administrativetheorists 一般行政管理理论家Geographic departmentalization 按地区划分部门Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness (GLOBE) 全球领导与组织行为效果Global village 地球村Globalization 全球化Goal-setting theory 目标设定理论Gossip 流言Grand strategies 总体战略Grapevine 小道消息Great Depression 大萧条Group 群体，小组Group behavior 群体行为Group cohesiveness 群体内聚力，群体凝聚力Group decision making 群体决策Group-order ranking 分组排序法Groupthink 趋同思维Growth strategy 增长战略HHalo effect 晕轮效应Harvesting 收回（投资）Heuristics 取巧途径，倾向Hierarchy of needs theory 需要（求）层次理论Homicide 行凶，杀人Honest 诚实Hostile environment 敌对的环境Human relations view of conflict 冲突的人际观Human resource inventory report 人力资源储备报告Human resource management(HRM)人力资源管理Humane orientation 人本导向Hygiene factors 保健因素IIdentification-based trust 基于认同的信任Ill-structured problems非结构化问题Immediate corrective action 立即纠错行动Immigration Reform and Control Act 移民改革和控制法案Individual ranking 个人排序法Individualism vs. collectivism 个人主义与集体主义Industrial engineering 工业工程Industrial Revolution 产业革命，工业革命Industrialization wave 工业化阶段，工业时代Informal planning 非正式计划Information handling 信息处理Information overload 信息超载Information technologists信息技术专家Information technology (IT) 信息技术Information wave 信息化阶段，信息时代Informational monitor 信息方面的监控者角色In-group collectivism 圈内集体主义，圈内合作Initiating structure 定规结构Innovation 创新Integrative bargaining整合型讨价还价，共赢争价Integrity 正直Intellectual property 智力资源Interactionist view of conflict 冲突的互动观Intergroup development 团际发展，组际发展Internet 因特网Interpersonal demands 人际需求Interpersonal skills 人际技能Interview 面试，访谈Intranets 企业内网，局域网Intrapreneurs 内企业家，内部创业者Intrinsic task motivation内在工作动机Inventory turnover ratios库存周转率ISO 9000 series ISO 9000 系列JJargon 技术用语，行话Job analysis 职务分析，工作分析Job characteristics model (JCM)职务特征模型，工作特征模型Job description 职务描述，工作描述Job enrichment 职务丰富化，工作丰富化Job involvement 工作投入Job satisfaction 工作满意度Job sharing 职务分担，工作分担（分享）Job specification 职务说明，工作说明Just-in-time (JIT) inventory systems 准时制库存系统KKaizen 改善Kanban 看板Karoshi 劳累过度而猝死Knowledge-based trust 基于了解的信任Knowledge management 知识管理Knowledge workers 知识工人LLabor relations 劳工关系Labor supply 劳动力供应Laissez-faire style of leadership 放任式领导Language 语言Layoffs 裁员Layoff-survivor sickness裁员幸存者心态（综合症）Leader-participation model 领导者参与模型Leaders 领导者Leadership 领导Leading 领导职能Learning 学习Learning organization s学习型组织Least-preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire 最难共事者问卷Legitimate power 法定权力，法定权Leverage ratios 财务杠杆比率Leverage test 杠杆能力测试Liaison 联络者Line authority 直线职权Linear programming 线性规划Liquidity 流动Liquidity test 流动性测试Load chart 负荷图Locus of control 控制中心，控制点Long-term plans 长期计划Long-term vs. short-term orientation 长期（短期）倾向Loyalty 忠心，忠诚MMachiavellianism (“Mach”)马基雅维里主义Management 管理Management by objectives (MBO) 目标管理Management by walking around (MBWA) 走动管理Management charter initiative (MCI) 管理宪章运动（英国研究管理能力的组织）Management competencies 管理能力Management processes 管理过程，管理职能Management science 管理科学Management workshop 管理研讨与实践Managerial grid 管理方格Managerial roles 管理者角色Managers 管理者，经理Mandatory Retirement Act 强制退休法案Manufacturing organization 生产企业，制造企业Market control 市场控制Mass production 大量生产Matrix structure 矩阵制组织结构Measurement 度量，衡量Mechanistic organization机械式组织Merger 兼并Message 消息，信息Middle managers 中层管理者Minimum-wage employees 最低工资员工Mission statement 使命陈述Motivation 动机，激励Motivation-hygiene theory激励保健理论，双因素理论Motivators 激励因素Motor reproduction process 机械再现过程，动力复制过程Multinational corporations (MNCs) 多国公司Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) 迈耶—布里格斯类型指标NNational culture 民族文化National Labor Relations Act 全国劳工关系法案Need 需要Need for achievement 成就需要Need for affiliation 归属需要Need for power 权力需要Negative reinforcement 负强化Negotiation 谈判Negotiator 谈判者Networked communication capabilities 网络沟通能力Networked computer systems计算机网络系统Neural network 神经网络Neutralizers 中和New Deal 新政Nominal group technique名义群体（决策）技术Nonprogrammed decisions非程序化决策Nonverbal cues 非语言暗示Norms 规范Not-for-profit organizations 非赢利性组织OOn-the-job training 在职培训Open systems 开放系统Opening comments 开场白Openness 开放Operant conditioning 操作性条件反射，操作制约Operating ratios 经营比率Operations management 作业管理Operations research (OR)运筹学Operations Research Society of America 美国运筹学会Operations test 运营能力测试Operatives 操作者，作业人员Opportunities (Strategic)机会（战略的）Oral reports 口头报告Organic organization 有机式组织Organization culture 组织文化Organization design 组织设计Organization development (OD) 组织发展Organization structure 组织结构Organizational behavior (OB) 组织行为Organizational change 组织变革Organizational citizenship 组织公民Organizational commitment组织承诺Organizational leadership组织领导Organizational processes组织过程Organizational strategy组织战略Organizations 组织Organizing 组织职能Orientation 导向，定向Outsourcing 业务外包PPaired comparison approach 两两比较法，配对比较法Parochialism 狭隘观念Part-time employees 兼职员工Path-goal theory 目标路径理论Pay-for-performance programs按业绩付酬，业绩工资制Payoff matrices 工资矩阵Perception 知觉Performance appraisal methods 绩效评估方法Performance-based compensation 基于业绩的薪酬Performance management 绩效管理Performance management system 绩效管理系统Performance orientation绩效导向Performance-simulation tests 绩效模拟测试Personal differences 个体差异Personal growth and development 个人成长与发展Personal observation 亲自观察Personality 个性PERT network analysis 计划评审技术网络分析方法Philosophy 哲学Physiological needs 生理需要Planning 计划职能Policy 政策Political science 政治科学Political skills 政治技能Polygraph Protection Act测谎器（使用）保护法案Positive reinforcement 正强化Power 权力Power distance 权力差距Pregnancy Discrimination Act（反）孕期歧视法案Presentations 演讲Principles of management管理原则Privacy Act 隐私权法案Proactive personality 主动个性Problem 问题Procedure 程序Process 过程，流程Process approach 过程观念，过程学派Process consultation 过程咨询Process departmentalization 按流程划分部门Process production 流程生产Product departmentalization 按产品划分部门Production oriented 面向生产的，生产导向Productivity 生产率Profit margin on revenues ratio 边际销售利润率Profit organizations 盈利性组织Profitability 盈利性，收益性Profitability ratios 收益性比率Programmed decisions 程序化决策Project 项目Project management 项目管理Protégé新手，学生Psychological symptoms 心理表征Psychology 心理学Punishment 惩罚Pygmalion effect 皮格马利翁效应QQuality 质量Quality control 质量控制Quality management 质量管理Quantitative approach to management 管理定量方法Quantity of life vs. quality of life 生活的数量（质量），追求物质（质量）的生活观念Queuing theory 排队论RRailroad Unemployment Insurance Act 铁路工人失业保险法案Range of variation （允许）差异范围，偏差范围Ratio analysis 比率分析Rational 理性的，合理的Rational decision making理性决策Realistic job preview (RJP) 真实的工作预览，面试时向求职者提供真实的信息Recruitment 招聘Referent 参量，参照对象Referent power 感召权力，感召权Reinforcement processes强化过程Reliability 信度，可靠性Representative heuristic只依据自己熟悉的事物判断与决策的取巧途径，以偏盖全倾向Resistance to change 变革抵制力量，变革障碍Resource allocator 资源分配者Responsibility 职责，责任Resume preparation 简历准备Retention processes 保持过程Retrenchment strategy 收缩战略Return on investment ratio 投资收益率Reverse mentoring 反向指导Reward power 奖赏权力，奖赏权Rewards 奖励，奖赏Rightsizing 规模调整Ringisei 全票通过，一致同意Risk 风险Risk taking 风险承担Role 角色Role ambiguity 角色模糊Role conflicts 角色冲突Role demands 角色要求Role overload 角色超载，任务超负荷Rule 准则，规则Rumors 谣传，流言SSafety needs 安全需要Sarbanes-Oxley Act 萨班斯－奥克斯利法案Satisfice 满意决策Scheduling tools 计划工具Scientific management 科学管理Selection process 选择过程，甄选过程Selective perception 选择性知觉Selectivity 选择性Self-actualization needs自我实现需要Self-Assessment Library自我测试库Self-esteem (SE) 自尊Self-fulfilling prophecy自证预言Self-monitoring 自我监控Self-serving bias 自我服务偏见，自利偏见Senior Citizen’s Freedom to Work Act 年长公民自由工作法案Service organization 服务型组织Sexual harassment 性骚扰Short-term plans 短期计划Simple structure 简单式组织结构Single-use plans 一次性计划，单项计划Situational approach 情境（权变）观念，情境（权变）学派Situational leadership (SL) theory 情境领导理论Six sigma 六σ（一种管理理念）Skill variety 技能多样性Slack time 松弛时间，富余时间Small business 小企业Social learning theory 社会学习理论Social loafing 滥竽充数现象Social needs 社会需要Social obligation 社会义务Social responsibility 社会责任Social responsiveness 社会响应Social security 社会安全Sociology 社会学Span of control 管理幅度，控制跨度Specific plans 具体计划Spokesperson 发言人Stability strategy 稳定战略Staff authority 参谋职权Stakeholders 利害相关者，利益相关者Standard 标准Standing plans 常用性计划，标准计划Statistical reports 统计报告Status 地位Stem cell research 干细胞研究Stereotyping 墨守陈规，因循守旧Stock options 股票期权Strategic alliances 战略联盟Strategic human resource management process 战略人力资源管理过程Strategic management process 战略管理过程Strategic planning 战略规划Strategic plans 战略计划Strategic problem solving战略性的问题解决Strengths (Strategic) 优势（战略的）Stress 压力Stress interview 压力面试Stressor 压力因素，压力源Structural differentiation 结构差异Subcontractors 转包商Supervisors 监督者Supply chain management供应链管理Supportive leader 支持型领导者Survey feedback 调查反馈SWOT analysis SWOT分析Systems approach 系统观念，系统学派TTactical plans 战术计划Task identity 任务同一性Task significance 任务重要性Team leaders 团队领导者Team leadership 团队领导Team-based structure 基于团队的组织结构Team-building 团队建设Technical skills 技术技能Technology 技术Telecommuting 远程办公，电子通勤Teleconferencing 电子会议，电信会议Temporary employees 临时员工Theory X X 理论Theory Y Y 理论Therbligs 基本动作Threats 威胁360-degree appraisal 360?评估Three-needs theory 三种需要理论Time interest earned ratio 已获利息倍数Tomorrow’s workforce 未来的劳动力Top managers 高层管理者Total assets turnover ratio总资产周转率Traditional view of conflict 冲突的传统点Trait theories of leadership 特质领导理论Transactional leaders 事务型领导者Transformation process 变革过程，转换过程Transformational leaders变革型领导者Transnational corporations (TNCs) 跨国公司Troubleshooters 麻烦解决者Trust 信任Turnover 流动，周转Type A personality A型个性Type B personality B型个性UUncertainty 不确定性Uncertainty avoidance 不确定性规避Unit coordinators 单位（部门）协调者Unit production 小批量生产Unity of command 统一指挥Unsatisfactory performance 令人不满意的业绩. labor shortage 美国劳动力短缺VValidity 效度Valuation techniques 评价方法Value 价值Value chain 价值链Value chain management 价值链管理Verbal intonation 语调Videoconferencing 视频会议，电视会议Visionary leadership 富于远见的领导Vocational Rehabilitation Act职业恢复法案WWeaknesses 劣势Wellness programs 福利计划Well-structured problems结构化问题“White-water rapids” metaphor “急流险滩”观“Whiz Kids”“神童”Wireless communications无限通讯Women 妇女Work councils 员工委员会，工会Work process engineering工作流工程Work specialization 工作专业化，劳动分工Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act 工人调整与再培训告知法案Workforce diversity 劳动力多样化，员工多样化Workplace violence 工作场所暴力Written essay 书面总结Written reports 书面报告Written tests 书面测试，笔试。

[转载]管理学核心概念中英文对照原文地址：管理学核心概念中英文对照作者：jaywang第一章管理总论Manager 管理者First-line managers 基层管理者Middle managers 中层管理者Top managers 高层管理者Management 管理Efficiency 效率Effectiveness 效果Planning 计划Organizing 组织Leading 领导Controlling 控制Management process 管理过程Management roles 管理角色Interpersonal roles 人际关系角色Informational roles 信息传递角色Decisional roles 决策制定角色Technical skills 技术技能Human skills 人事技能Conceptual skills 概念技能System 系统Closed systems 封闭系统Open systems 开放系统Environment 环境Special environment 具体环境General environment 一般环境Contingency perspective 权变观Organization 组织Universality of management 管理的普遍性Nonmanagerial employees / Operatives 操作者第二章管理的历史Division of labor 劳动分工Industrial revolution 产业革命Scientific management 科学管理Therbligs 基本动作元素General administrative theorists 一般行政管理理论家Principles of management 管理原则Bureaucracy 官僚行政组织、层级组织Quantitative approach 定量方法Organizational behavior (OB) 组织行为Hawthorne Studies 霍桑研究Workforce diversity 员工多样化Entrepreneurship 企业家e-business (electronic business) 电子商务e-commerce (electronic commerce) 电子贸易、电子商务Intranet 内部互联网Total quality management (TQM) 全面质量管理Learning organization 学习型组织Knowledge management 知识管理Workplace spirituality 团队精神第三章计划Decision 决策Decision-making process 决策过程Problem 问题Decision criteria 决策标准Implementation 实施Rational decision making 理性决策Bounded rationality 有限理性Satisficing 满意Escalation of commitment 承诺升级Intuitive decision making 直觉决策Well-structured problems 结构良好问题Programmed decision 程序化决策Procedure 程序Rule 规则Policy 政策Poorly structured problems 结构不良问题Nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策Certainty 确定性Risk 风险性Uncertainty 不确定性Directive style 指导性风格Analytic style 分析性风格Conceptual style 概念性风格Behavioral style 行为性风格Planning 计划Goals 目标Plans 计划Strategic plans 战略计划Operational plans 作业计划Long-term plans 长期计划Short-term plans 短期计划Specific plans 具体性计划Directional plans 指导性计划Single-use plan 单一目标计划Standing plans 标准计划Traditional goal setting 传统目标设定Means-ends chain 手段－结果链Management by objectives (MBO) 目标管理Mission 使命Commitment concept 承诺概念Formal planning department 正式计划部门Strategic management 战略管理Strategic management process 战略管理过程Opportunities 机会Threats 威胁Core competencies 核心能力Strengths 优势Weaknesses 劣势SWOT analysis SWOT分析Corporate-level strategy 公司层战略Stability strategy 稳定战略Growth strategy 增长战略Related diversification 相关领域多元化经营Unrelated diversification 不相关领域多元化经营Retrenchment strategy 收缩战略BCG matrix BCG矩阵波士顿咨询集团矩阵Business-level strategy 事业层战略Strategic business units 战略经营单位Competitive advantage 竞争优势Cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略Differentiation strategy 差异化战略Focus strategy 集中化战略Functional-level strategy 职能层战略Environmental Scanning 环境扫描Competitor intelligence 竞争者情报、竞争者信息Forecasts 预测Quantitative forecasting 定量预测Qualitative forecasting 定性预测Forecasting Techniques 预测技术Benchmarking 基准化、标杆Resources 资源Budget 预算Revenue Budgets 收入预算Expense Budgets 费用预算Profit Budgets 利润预算Cash Budgets 现金预算Scheduling 进度计划、规划Gantt Charts 甘特图Load Charts 负荷图PERT network 计划评审技术网络Events 事件Activities 活动Slack time 松弛时间Critical path 关键线路Breakeven analysis 盈亏平衡分析Linear programming 线性规划Project 项目Project Management 项目管理Scenario 设想方案第四章组织Organizing 组织Organizational structure 组织结构Organizational design 组织设计Work specialization 劳动分工Departmentalization 部门化Functional departmentalization 职能部门化Product departmentalization 产品部门化Geographical departmentalization 地区部门化Process departmentalization 过程部门化Customer departmentalization 顾客部门化Cross-functional teams 跨职能团队Chain of command 指挥链Authority 职权Responsibility 职责Unity of command 统一指挥Span of control 管理幅度Centralization 集权化Decentralization 分权化Formalization 正规化Mechanistic organization 机械式组织Organic organization 有机式组织Unit production 单件生产Mass production 大量生产Process production 连续生产Simple structure 简单结构Functional structure 职能型结构Divisional structure 分部型结构Team-based structure 团队结构Matrix structure 矩阵结构Project structure 项目结构Autonomous internal units 内部自治单位Boundaryless organization 无边界组织Learning organization 学习型组织High-performance work practice 高绩效的工作实践Human resource management process 人力资源管理过程Labor union 工会Human resource planning 人力资源规划Job analysis 职务分析Job description 职务说明书Job specification 职务规范Recruitment 招聘Decruitment 解聘Selection process 甄选过程Validity 效度Reliability 信度Work sampling 工作抽样Assessment centers 测评中心Orientation 定向、导向Performance management system 绩效管理系统Written essay 书面描述法Critical incidents 关键事件法Graphic rating scales 评分表法Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) 行为定位评分法Multiperson comparisons 多人比较法Group order ranking 分组排序法Individual ranking 个体排序法Paired comparison 配对比较法360 degree feedback 360度反馈skill-based pay 按技能付酬Career 职业生涯、职业Organizational change 组织变革Change agents 变革推动者Organizational development (OD) 组织发展Stress 压力Creativity 创造Innovation 创新第五章领导Behavior 行为Organizational behavior 组织行为学Attitudes 态度Cognitive component 认知成分Affective component 情感成分Behavioral component 行为成分Job satisfaction 工作满意度Job involvement 工作投入Organizational commitment 组织承诺Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) 组织公民行为Cognitive dissonance 认知失调Attitude surveys 态度调查Personality 人性Big-five model 重要的五大模型Emotional intelligence (EI) 情感智商Locus of control 控制点Machiavellianism 马基雅维里主义Self-esteem 自尊Self-monitoring 自我监控Perception 知觉Attribution theory 归因理论Fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误Self-serving bias 自我服务偏见Selectivity 有选择地接受、选择性Assumed similarity 假设相似性Stereotyping 刻板印象Learning 学习Operant conditioning 操作性条件反射Social learning theory 社会学习理论Shaping behavior 行为塑造Motivation 动机Need 需要Hierarchy of needs theory 需要层次理论Physiological needs 生理需要Safety needs 安全需要Social needs 社会需要Esteem needs 尊重需要Self-actualization needs 自我实现需要Theory X X理论Theory Y Y理论Motivation-hygiene theory 激励－保健理论Hygiene factors 保健因素Motivators 激励因素Three-needs theory 三种需要理论Need for achievement (nAch) 成就需要Need for power (nPow) 权力需要Need for affiliation (nAff) 归属需要Goal-setting theory 目标设定理论Reinforcement theory 强化理论Reinforcers 强化物Job design 职务设计Job scope 职务范围Job enlargement 职务扩大化Job enrichment 工作丰富化Job depth 职务深度Job characteristic model (JCM) 职务特征模型Skill variety 技能多样性Task identity 任务同一性Task significance 任务重要性Autonomy 自主性Feedback 反馈Equity theory 公平理论Referents 参照对象Expectancy theory 期望理论Compressed workweek 压缩工作周Flexible work hours 弹性工作制Job sharing 职务分担Contingent workers 应急工Telecommuting 电子通信，远程办公Pay-for performance programs 基于绩效的薪酬管理Open-book management 公开帐簿管理Leader 领导者Leadership 领导Behavioral theories 行为理论Autocratic style 权威式Democratic style 民主式Laissez-faire style 放任式Initiating structure 定规维度Consideration 关怀维度High-high leader 高－高型领导者Managerial grid 管理方格论Fiedler contingency model 菲德勒权变模型Least-preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire 最难共事者问卷Leader-member relations 领导者－成员关系，上下级关系Task structure 任务结构Position power 职位权力Situational leadership theory (SLT) 情景领导理论Readiness 准备状态Maturity 成熟度Leader participation model 领导者参与模型Path-goal theory 路径－目标理论Transactional leaders 事务型领导者Transformational leaders 变革型领导者Charismatic leader 超凡魅力的领导者Visionary leadership 愿景领导者Legitimate power 法定权Coercive power 强制权Reward power 奖赏权Expert power 专长权Referent power 模范权Credibility 可信度Trust 诚信、信任Empowerment 授权Communication 沟通Interpersonal communication 人际沟通Organizational communication 组织沟通Message 信息Encoding 编码Channel 通道、渠道Decoding 解码Communication process 沟通过程Noise 噪音Nonverbal communication 非言语沟通Body language 体态语言Verbal intonation 语调Filtering 过滤Selective perception 选择性知觉Information overload 信息超载Jargon 行话Active listening 积极倾听Formal communication 正式沟通Informal communication 非正式沟通Downward communication 下行沟通、向下交流Upward communication 上行沟通、向上交流Lateral communication 平行沟通、横向交流Diagonal communication 斜行沟通、越级交流Communication networks 沟通网络Grapevine 小道信息、谣言E-mail 电子邮件Instant messaging (IM) 即时信息Voice mail 声音邮件Fax 传真Electronic data interchange (EDI) 电子数据交换Teleconferencing 电信会议Videoconferencing 视频会议Intranet 内部互联网Extranet 外部互联网第六章控制Control 控制Market control 市场控制Bureaucratic control 官僚组织控制、层级控制Control process 控制过程Management by walking around (MBWA) 走动式管理Range of variation 偏差范围Immediate corrective action 立即纠正行动Basic corrective action 彻底纠正行动Feedforward control 前馈控制Concurrent control 同期控制、现场控制Feedback control 反馈控制。

积极倾听active listening 活动activities解体阶段adjourning 态度的情感成分affective component反优先雇用行动计划affirmative action分析型风格analytic style 评价中心assessment centers资产管理asset management东南亚国家联盟Association of Southeast Asian Nation, ASEABN假设相似性assumed similarity 态度attitude态度调查attitude surveys 归因理论attribution theory职权authority 独裁型风格autocratic style内部自治单位autonomous internal units自主性autonomy 平衡计分卡balanced scorecard彻底纠正行动basic corrective actionBCG矩阵BCG matrix 态度的行为成分behavioral component行为定位评分法behaviorally anchored rating scales, BARS行为型风格behavioral style 行为理论behavioral theories行为behavior 标杆比较benchmarking大五人格模型big-five model of personality体态语言body language “煮青蛙”现象“Boiled frog”phenomenon 无国界组织borderless organization 无边界组织boundaryless organization跨越管理boundary spanning 有限理性bounded rationality盈亏平衡分析break-even analysis 预算budget官僚行政组织bureaucracy 官僚控制bureaucracy control事业层战略business-level strategy 商业模式business model商业计划书business plan 职业career集权centralization 确定性certainty指挥链chain of command 变革推动者change agents通道channel 领袖魅力型领导者charismatic leader小集团控制clan control 古典观点classical view封闭系统closed systems 封闭式公司closely held corporation道德准则code of ethics 强制权力coercive power态度的认知成分cognitive component 认知失调cognitive dissonance集体主义collectivism 承诺概念commitment concept沟通网络communication networks 沟通communication竞争优势competitive advantage 竞争对手情报competitor intelligence压缩工作周compressed workweek 概念技能conceptual skills同期控制concurrent control 冲突conflict关怀维度consideration 权变观点contingency perspective控制职能controlling 控制过程control process控制control 核心能力core competencies公司层战略corporate-level strategy 公司制企业corporation成本领先战略cost leadership strategy 创造creativity信誉credibility 关键事件critical incidents关键线路critical path 交叉职能团队cross-functional team文化冲击cultural shock 顾客部门化customer departmentation数据data 分权decentralization决策制定角色decisional roles 决策标准decision criteria决策制定decision-making 解码decoding解聘decruitment 斜向沟通diagonal communication差异化战略differentiation strategy 方向性计划directional plans命令型风格directive style 事业部型结构divisional structure劳动分工division of labor 下行沟通downward communication双职工家庭dual-career couples 消极冲突dysfunctional conflicts电子企业e-business 电子商务e-commerce经济附加值economic value added, EV A效果effectiveness效率efficiency 自我强度ego strength电子邮件e-mail 情绪智力emotional intelligence, EI员工偷窃行为employee theft 授权empowerment编码encoding 创业型企业entrepreneurial ventures创业精神entrepreneurship 环境复杂性environmental complexity环境扫描environmental scanning 环境不确定性environmental uncertainty 公平理论equity theory 承诺升级escalation of commitment尊重需要esteem needs 民族中心论ethnocentric attitude欧盟European Community 事件events期望理论expectancy theory 专家权力expert power出口exporting 外部环境external environment外部互联网extranet 益于家庭的福利family-friendly benefits 传真fax 可行性研究feasibility study反馈feedback 前馈控制feedforward control费德勒权变模型Fielder contingency model过滤filtering基层管理者first-line managers弹性工作时间flexible work hours, flex-time聚焦战略focus strategy 预测forecast外国子公司foreign subsidiary 正式沟通formal communication正规化formalization 正规计划部门formal planning department 形成阶段forming 特许经营franchising搭便车效应free rider tendency 积极冲突functional conflicts职能部门化functional departmentalization职能层战略functional-level strategy 职能型结构functional structure职能型团队functional team基本归因错误fundamental attribution error收益分成gainsharing 甘特图Gantt chart一般行政管理理论家general administrative theorists一般环境general environment 普通合伙制general partnership全球化视野Geocentric attitude地区部门化geographic departmentalization目标goals目标设置理论goal-setting theory 小道消息grapevine评分表法graphic rating scales 管理的绿色化greening of management群体内聚力group cohesiveness 分组排序法group order ranking群体思维groupthink 群体group增长战略growth strategy 晕轮效应halo effect收获harvesting 霍桑研究Hawthorne studies需要层次理论hierarchy of needs theory 高-高型领导者high-high leader高绩效工作实务high-performance work practices冲突的人际关系观点human relations view of conflict人力资源管理human resource management 人力资源规划human resource planning人际技能human skill 保健因素hygiene factors创新带头人idea champion 直接纠正行动immediate corrective action 实施implementation 进口importing个人主义individualism 个体排序法individual ranking产业革命industrial revolution 非正式沟通informal communication信息角色informational roles 信息information定规维度initiating structure 创新innovation即时信息instant messaging社会契约整合理论integrative social contracts theory知识产权intellectual property冲突的相互作用观点intercationist view of conflict人际沟通interpersonal communication 人际关系角色interpersonal roles内部网intranet 直觉决策intuitive decision making行话jargon 职务分析job analysis工作特征模型job characteristic model, JCM工作深度job depth 职务说明书job description工作设计job design 工作扩大化job enlargement工作丰富化job enrichment 工作投入job involvement工作分担job sharing 职务规范job specification合资企业joint venture 知识管理knowledge management工会labor union 放任型风格laisser-faire style横向沟通lateral communication 领导者-成员关系leader member relation领导者参与模型leader-participation model领导leadership 领导者leader学习learning 学习型组织learning organization最难共事者问卷least-preferred coworker (LPC) questionnaire法定权力legitimate power 许可证贸易licensing有限责任合作公司limited liability company, LLC有限合伙制企业limited liability partnership, LLP线性规划linear programming 负荷图load chart控制点locus of control 长期计划long-term plans马基雅维利主义Machiavellianism 目标管理management by objectives, MBO 走动管理management by walking around, MBWA管理信息系统management information system, MIS管理角色management roles 管理management管理方格managerial grid 管理者manager制造型组织manufacturing organizations 市场控制market control市场增加值market value added, MV A大批量生产mass production矩阵型结构matrix structure 手段-目的链means-ends chain机械式组织mechanistic organization 信息message中层管理者middle managers 使命mission激励-保健理论motivation-hygiene theory 动机motivation激励因素motivators多国公司multinational corporations, MNC多人比较法multiperson comparison 民族文化national culture需要need 成就需要need for achievement归属需要need for affiliation 权力需要need for power噪声noise 非程序化决策nonprogrammed decisions 非言语沟通nonverbal communication 规范阶段norming规范norms管理万能论omnipotent view of management 帐目公开管理open-book management开放系统open system 操作性条件反射operant conditioning作业协议operating agreement 运营计划operational plans作业管理operations management 机会opportunities有机式组织organic organization 组织organization组织行为organizational behavior 组织变革organizational change组织公民行为organizational citizenship behavior, OCB组织承诺organizational commitment 组织沟通organizational communication组织文化organization culture 组织设计organization design组织发展organizational development组织有效性organizational effectiveness 组织知识organizational knowledge组织绩效organizational performance 组织过程organizational process组织社会化organizational socialization 组织结构organizational structure组织职能organizing 上岗引导orientation配对比较法paired comparison 狭隘主义parochialism路径-目标理论path-goal theory绩效工资方案pay-for performance programs知觉perception绩效管理系统performance management system绩效performance 执行阶段performing人格personality PERT网络PERT network生理需要physiological need 计划职能planning计划plan 政策policy多国中心论polycentric attitude机构不良的问题poorly structured problem职位权力position power 权力差距power distance管理原则principle of management 主动性人格proactive personality问题problem 程序procedure过程冲突process conflict 过程部门化process departmentalization连续生产process production 产品部门化product departmentalization生产率productivity 程序化决策programmed decision项目project 项目管理project management项目型结构project structure 定性预测qualitative forecasting生活的质量quality of life 定量方法quantitative approach定量预测quantitative forecasting 生活的数量quantity of life偏差范围range of variation 理性决策rational decision making成熟度readiness 真实目标real objectives真实工作预览realistic job preview, RJP招聘recruitment 参照权力referent power参照对象referents 强化理论reinforcement theory强化物reinforcer 相关多元化related diversification信度reliability 资源resource职责responsibility 紧缩战略retrenchment strategy奖赏权力reward power 道德的权力观right view of ethics风险性risk 角色role规则rule 安全需要safety needs满意决策satisfying 脚本scenario排程scheduling 科学管理scientific managementS类公司S corporation 甄选过程selection process选择性知觉selective perception 选择性selectivity自我实现需要self-actualization needs 自我效能感self-efficacy自尊self-esteem 自我管理团队self-managed workteam 自我监控self-monitoring 自我服务偏见self-serving bias服务型组织service organizations 性骚扰sexual harassment行为塑造shaping behavior 短期计划short-term plan简单结构simple structure 一次性计划single-use plan情景领导理论situational leadership theory, SLT六西格码6σ技能工资skill-based pay技能多样性skill variety 松弛时间slack time小企业small business 社会学习理论social learning theory社交需要social need 社会义务social obligation社会责任social responsibility 社会响应social responsiveness社会屏障筛选social screening 社会经济学观点socioeconomic view 个人业主制企业sole proprietorship 管理跨度span of control具体环境specific environment 具体计划specific plans稳定性战略stability strategy利益相关者伙伴关系stakeholders partnership利益相关者stakeholder 持续性计划stated objectives地位status 刻板印象stereotyping震荡阶段storming 战略同盟strategic alliances战略事业单位strategic business unit, SUB战略管理strategic management战略计划strategic plans 优势strength强文化strong culture 徘徊其间stuck in the middleSWOT分析SWIOT analysis 管理象征论symbolic view of management 系统system 任务冲突task conflict任务完整性task identity 任务重要性task significance任务结构task structure 基于团队的结构team-based structure技术技能technical skills 远距离办公telecommuting电话会议teleconferencing道德公正理论观theory of justice view of ethicsX理论theory X Y理论theory Y动作分类体系therbligs 威胁threats三百六十度反馈360 degree feedback 三种需要理论three-need theory高层管理者top managers 全面质量管理total quality management传统的目标设置traditional objective setting冲突的传统观点traditional view of conflict事务型领导者transactional leaders 变革型领导者transformational leaders跨国公司transnational corporations, TNCs信任trust不确定性uncertainty 不确定性规模uncertainty avoidance单件生产unit production 统一指挥unity of command管理的普遍性university of management非相关多元化unrelated diversification上行沟通upward communication 道德的功利观utilitarian view of ethics效度validity以价值观为基础的管理values-based management价值链管理value chain management 价值链value chain价值观values 价值value语调verbal intonation 电视会议videoconferencing虚拟团队virtual team 愿景规划的领导visionary leadership语音传输voice mall 劣势weaknesses结构良好问题well-structured problem 劳动力多样化workforce diversity工作场所精神境界workplace spirituality工作抽样work sampling工作专门化work specification 工作团队work team书面描述written essay。

人力资源管理专业术语中英文对照表人力资源管理：Human Resource Management , HRM人力资源经理：Human resource manager高级管理人员：Executive职业：Profession道德标准：ethics操作工：operative employees专家：specialist人力资源认证协会：the human resource certification institute ,HRCI外部环境：external environment内部环境：internal environment政策：policy企业文化：corporate culture目标：mission股东：shareholders非正式组织：informal organization跨国公司：multinational corporation ,MNC管理多样性：managing diversity工作：job职位：posting工作分析：job analysis工作说明：job description工作规范：job specification工作计划分析表：job analysis schedule ,JAS职位分析问卷调查法：Management position description questionnaire ,MPDQ 行政秘书：executive secretary地区服务经理助理：assistant disterict service manager人力资源计划：human resource planning HRP战略规划：strategic planning长期趋势：long term trend要求预测：requirement forecast供给预测：availability forecast管理人力储备：management inventory裁减：downsizing人力资源信息系统：human resource information system，HRIS招聘：recruitment员工申请表：employee requisition招聘方法：recruitment methods内部提升：promotion from within ,PFW工作公告：job posting广告：advertising职业介绍所：employment agency特殊事件：special events实习：internship选择：selection选择率：selection rate简历：resume标准化：standardization有效性：validity客观性：objectivity规范：norm录用分数线：cutoff score准确度：aiming业务知识测试：job knowledge tests求职面试：employment interview非结构化面试：unstructured interview结构化面试：structured interview小组面试：group interview职业兴趣测试：vocational interest tests会议型面试：board interview组织变化与人力资源开发人力资源开发：human resource development，HRD 培训：training开发：development定位：orientation训练：coaching辅导：mentoring经营管理策略：business games案例研究：case study会议方法：conference method角色扮演：role playing工作轮换：job rotating在职培训：on-the-job-training ，OJT媒介：media企业文化与组织发展：企业文化：corporation culture组织发展：organization development ，OD调查反馈：survey feedback质量圈：quality circles目标管理：management by objective ，MBO全面质量管理：Total quality management ,TQM 团队建设：team building职业计划与发展职业：career职业计划：career planning职业道路：career path职业发展career development自我评价：self-assessment职业动机：career anchors绩效评价绩效评价：performance appraisal ，PA小组评价：group appraisal业绩评定表：rating scales method关键事件法：critical incident method排列法：ranking comparison平行比较法：paired comparison硬性分布法：forced distribution method晕圈错误：halo error宽松：leniency严格：strictness反馈：degree feedback叙述法：essay method集中趋势：central tendency报酬与福利报酬：compensation直接经济报酬：direct financial compensation间接经济报酬：indirect financial compensation 非经济报酬：no financial compensation公平：equity外部公平：external equity内部公平：internal equity员工公平：employee equity小组公平：team equity工资水平领先者：pay leaders劳动力市场：labor market工作评价：job evaluation排列法：ranking method分类法：classification method因素比较法：factor comparison method评分法：point method海氏指示图标个人能力分析法：Hay Guide Chart – profile Method 工作定价：job pricing工资等级：pay grade工资曲线：wage curve工资幅度：pay range福利和其他报酬问题：福利（间接经济补偿）员工股权计划：employee stock ownership 破烂,ESOP值班津贴：shift differential奖金：incentive compensation分红制：profit sharing安全与健康的工作环境：安全：safety健康：health频率：frequency rate紧张：stress角色冲突：role conflict催眠法：hypnosis酗酒：alcoholism员工和劳动关系工会：union地方工会：local union行业工会：craft union全国工会：national union谈判组：bargaining union劳资谈判：collective bargaining仲裁：arbitration罢工：strike内部员工关系：internal employee relation纪律：discipline纪律处分：disciplinary action申诉：grievance降职：demotion调动：transfer晋升：promotion部门名称人事部：personnel department人力资源部：human resource department营销部：salesman department产品开发部：product development department公关部：public relationship department市场部：marketing department财会部：finance department采购部：purchasing （procurement）department 售后服务部：after-sale service department品管部：quality control department职位名称：董事长：chairman of the board总裁：president （Am E.）执行副总裁：executive vice – president行政董事：managing director总经理：executive manager ，general manager 副总经理：deputy general manager部门经理，科长：section manager销售部经理：sales manager助理经理（副经理）：assistant manager主任：manager销售代表：sales representative主管：supervisor高中级管理人员：executive职员：clerkAccounting assistant 会计助理Accounting clerk 记账员Accounting manager 会计部助理Accounting stall 会计部职员Accounting supervisor 会计主管Administration manager 行政经理Administration staff 行政人员Administrative assistant 行政助理Administrative clerk 行政办事员Advertising staff 广告工作人员Airlines sales representative 航空公司订座员Airlines staff 航空公司职员Application engineer 应用工程师Assistant manager 副经理Bond analyst 证券分析员Bond trader 证券交易员Business controller 业务主任Business manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical engineer 化学工程师Civil engineer 土木工程师Clerk / receptionist 职员/ 接待员Clerk typist & secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer data input operator 计算机资料录入员Computer engineer 计算机工程师Computer processing operator 计算机处理操作员Computer system manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy general manager 副总经理Economic research assistant 经济研究助理Electrical engineer 电气工程师English instructor / teacher 英语教师Export sales manager 外销部经理Export sales staff 外销部职员Financial controller 财务主任Financial reporter 财务报告人F．X. ( foreign exchange ) clerk 外汇部职员F．X. settlement clerk 外汇部核算员Fund manager 财务经理General auditor 审计长General manager / president 总经理General manager assistant 总经理助理General manager’s secretary 总经理秘书Hardware engineer （计算机）硬件工程师Import liaison staff 进口联络员Impor manager 进口部经理Insurance actuary 保险公司理赔员International sales staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal adviser 法律顾问Line supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance engineer 维修工程师Management consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for public relations 公关部经理Manufacturing engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing worker 生产员工Market analyst 市场分析员Market development manager 市场开发部经理Marketing manager 市场销售部经理Marketing staff 市场销售员Marketingassistant销售助理Marketing executive 销售主管Marketing representative 销售代表Marketing representative manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical engineer 机械工程师Mineing engineer 采矿工程师Music teacher 音乐教师Naval architect 造船工程师Office assistant 办公室助理Office clerk 职员Operational manager 业务经理Package designer 包装设计师Passenger reservation staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel clerk 人事部职员Personnel manager 人事部经理Plant / factory manager 厂长Postal clerk 邮政人员Private secretary 私人秘书Product manager 生产部经理Production engineer 产品工程师Professional staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project staff （项目）策划人员Promotion manager 推销部经理Proof – reader 校对员Purchasing agent 采购（进货）员Quality control engineer 质量管理工程师Real estate staff 房地产职员Recruitment coordinator 招聘协调员Regional manager 地区经理Research & development engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant manager 饭店经理Sales and planning staff 销售计划员Sales assistant 销售助理Sales clerk 店员、售货员Sales coordinator 销售协调员Sales engineer 销售工程师Sales executive 销售主管Sales manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller representative 销售代表Sales supervisor 销售监管School registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities custody clerk 保安人员Security officer 安全人员Senior accountant 高级会计Senior consultant / adviser 高级顾问Senior employee 高级雇员Senior secretary 高级秘书Service manager 服务部经理Simultaneous interpreter 同声传译员Software engineer （计算机）软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems adviser 系统顾问Systems engineer 系统工程师Systems operator 系统操作员Technical editor 技术编辑Technical translator 技术翻译Technical worker 技术工人Telecommunication executive 电讯（电信）员Telephonist / operator 电话接线员、话务员Tourist guide 导游Trade finance executive 贸易财务主管Trainee manager 培训部经理Translation checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust banking executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Word processing operator 文字处理操作员。

管理学关键词中英文对照1．管理Manage2．管理的目标Management goal3．组织绩效Organization performance4．效益Effectiveness5．效率Efficiency6．管理的二重性Twoness of management7．管理职能Management functions8．计划Plan9．组织Organize10．指挥Command11．协调Coordinate12．控制Control13．计划职能Planning14．组织职能Organizing15．领导职能Leading16．控制职能Controlling17．管理学Management18．管理者Manager19．高层管理者Top managers20．中层管理者Middle managers21．基层管理者Fist-line managers22．组织层次Organizational levels23．管理者的角色The Role of the manager24．人际关系角色Interpersonal roles25．信息情报方面的角色Informational roles26．挂名首脑Figurehead27．监听者Monitor28．谈判者Negotiator29．决策方面的角色Decisional roles30．组织规模Organizational sale31．价值取向Value orientation32．管理者的素质Stuff of managers33．智力商数Intelligence Quotient, IQ34．情商Emotional Intelligence, EI35．情绪Mood36．情感智力Emotional Quotient, EQ37．管理技能Management skill38．技术技能Technical skill39．人际技能Human skill40．概念技能Conceptual skill41．劳动分工Divide of labor42．劳动生产力Prolificacy of work43．劳动时间Time of work44．科学管理理论Scientific management theory 45．工业革命Industrial revolution46．泰罗制Taylor’s Principles47．时间研究Labor time study48．动作研究Motion study49．一般管理理论General administrative theory 50．管理原则Principles of management51．行政组织理论Administrative organization theory 52．古典组织理论Classical organization theory 53．行政管理Administrative management54．官僚制Bureaucracy55．官僚行政组织Bureaucracy56．行为科学Behavior science57．霍桑效应Hawthorne effect58．组织行为Organization behavior59．行为科学理论Behavior school60．X –Y 理论Theory X Y61．X理论Theory X62．Y理论Theory Y63．管理理论丛林Management theory jungle64．管理过程学派Management process school 65．人际关系学派Human relation school66．人际关系Human relation67．群体行为学派Group behavior school68．经验（或案例）学派Experience school69．社会合作系统学派Social technical systems theory 70．社会技术系统学派Social technical systems theory 71．系统管理学派Systems theory school72．决策理论学派Decision theory school 73．管理科学学派Management science school 74．权变理论学派Contingencies theory school 75．权变Contingencies76．经理角色学派Manager role school77．企业文化Organization culture78．愿景Vision79．共同愿景Shared vision80．文化冲击Culture shock81．公司再造Company Reengineering82．准时生产（JIT）Just-in-time83．计算机集成制造系统（CIM）Computer integrated manufacturing 84．精益生产Lean manufacturing85．学习型组织Learning organization86．管理环境Managerial environment87．外部环境External environment88．内部环境Internal environment89．一般环境因素General environmental factors90．宏观环境因素Macro environmental factors91．直接作用因素Direct-action factors92．间接作用因素Indirect-action factors93．环境的复杂性Environmental complexity94．动态环境Dynamic environment95．PEST分析法, PEST(polictial,economic,social,technological) 96．政治与法律环境Political & Legal environment97．特殊任务环境Specific environment98．供应商Suppliers99．服务对象Service object100．顾客Customer101．竞争对手Competitors102．潜在竞争对手Potential competitors103．竞争环境Competitive environment104．竞争意识Competitive intelligence105．进入障碍Barriers to entry106．规模经济Economies of scale107．范围经济Economies of scope108．政府管理部门Government Management department109．特殊利益团体Special-interest groups110．组织内部环境Organizational environment111．组织文化Organizational culture112．使命Mission113．凝聚力Cohesiveness114．合作Collaboration115．核心竞争力Core competence116．环境设计Design for environment117．组织设计Organizational design118．社会责任Social responsibility119．社会义务Social obligation120．社会响应Social responsiveness121．管理道德Management ethics122．道德规范Morality rule123．伦理Ethics124．可持续发展Sustainable development125．全球化Globalization126．全球组织模式Global organization model127．全球性组织Global organization128．全球性外包Global outsourcing129．全球战略Global strategy130．组织利益相关者Stakeholders131．组织Organization132．组织绩效Organizational performance133．生产型组织Manufacture organization134．服务型组织Service organization135．私人组织Private organization136．公共组织Commonality organization137．正式组织Formal organization138．非正式组织Informal organization139．实体组织Entity organization140．虚拟组织Virtual organization141．商业计划Business plan142．企业家Entrepreneur143．企业家才能Entrepreneurship144．创业Entrepreneurship145．创业机会分析Opportunity analysis146．组织目标Organizational goals147．研究与开发(R&D)Research and development 148．目标管理（MBO）Management by objective 149．企业Enterprise150．小企业Small business151．企业法人Corporation152．组织的法律形式Legal forms of organization 153．独资企业Solely- invested enterprise154．个人业主制企业 Sole proprietorship155．合伙制企业Partnership enterprise156．公司制企业Corporation157．有限责任公司Limited liability partnership 158．股份有限公司Limited liability Company 159．无限公司Unlimited company160．两合公司Limited partnership161．企业集团Group company162．劳动密集型企业Labor denseness enterprise 163．资金密集型企业Capital denseness enterprise 164．知识密集型企业Knowledge denseness enterprise 165．股东Shareholder166．董事Director167．董事会Directorate168．监事Monitor169．总经理General manager170．首席执行官（CEO）Chief executive officer171．非营利性组织Nonprofit organitation172．企业生命周期The corporate lifecycles173．发展Development174．萌芽阶段Embryonic stage175．衰退阶段Decline stage176．环境的不确定性Environmental uncertainty 177．组织变革Organization transform178．障碍Obstacle179．核心能力Core competencies180．战略Strategy181．战略管理Strategic management182．战略单位Strategic business units183．企业战略Enterprise strategy184．业务战略Business stratagem185．战略实施Strategy implementation186．差异化Differentiation187．差异化战略Differentiation strategy188．集中战略Concentration strategy189．一体化Intgeration190．纵向一体化V ertical integration191．同业多样化战略Concentric diversification strategy 192．战略联盟Strategic alliance193．合作战略Cooperative strategies194．机会Opportunities195．威胁Threats196．优势Strengths197．劣势Weaknesses198．风险Venture199．SWOT分析SWOT analysis200．成长战略Growth strategies201．稳固战略Stability strategies202．撤退战略Retrenchment strategies203．战略方针Strategic policy204．战略目标Strategic goles205．战略步骤Strategic process206．战略重点Strategic keystone207．战略措施Strategic measure208．预测Forecasting209．长期预测Long-time forecast210．中期预测Metaphase forecast211．短期预测Short-time forecast212．定性预测方法Qualitative forecast213．定量预测方法Quantitative forecast214．德尔菲法Dalphi Method215．讨论Discussion216．集合意见法Jury of opinion217．头脑风暴法Brainstorming218．时间序列法Time series analysis models 219．因果分析法Cause and effect analysis models 220．回归分析预测法Regression modals221．决策Decision222．决策过程Decision –making process 223．问题Problem224．决策标准Decision criteria225．权重Weights226．备选方案Alternatives227．最优化决策Optimum decision228．满意Satisfied229．评价Evaluating230．直觉决策Intuitive decision231．定性决策Qualitative decision232．定量决策Quantitative decision233．战略决策Stratagem decision making234．战术决策Tactics decision235．程序化决策Programmed decision236．非程序化决策Nonprogrammed decision 237．确定型决策Certain decision238．风险型决策Risk decisions239．不确定型决策Uncertain decision240．长期决策Long-term decision241．中期决策Intermediate-term decision242．短期决策Short-term decision243．个人决策Person decision244．集体决策Group decision245．有限理性Bounded rationality246．量本利分析法Breakeven analysis247．盈亏平衡点Breakeven point248．固定成本Fixed costs249．变动成本Variable costs250．决策树Decision tree251．悲观决策法Pessimistic decision252．乐观决策法Optimistic decision253．折衷决策法Compromise decision254．机会均等决策法Occasion equalization decision 255．最小后悔值决策法Regardless decision 256．计划Plan257．执行计划Execute plan258．宗旨Aim259．使命Mission260．目标Goal261．战略Stratagem262．政策Policy263．程序Process264．规则Rule265．规划Program266．项目Project267．预算Budget268．环境扫描Environmental scanning269．长期计划Long-term plans270．中期计划Intermediate-term plans271．短期计划Short-term plans272．战略计划Strategic plans273．业务计划Operational plans274．综合计划Synthetic plans275．局部计划Department plans276．项目计划Project plans277．高层管理计划Top management plans278．中层管理计划Middle management plans279．基层管理计划Fist-line management plans280．生产计划Manufacture281．供应计划Provide plans282．新产品开发计划New product plan283．营销计划Marketing plans284．财务计划Finance plans285．人事计划Human plans286．情境计划Scenario planning287．后勤保障计划Service ensure plans288．指令性计划Mandatory plans289．指导性计划Directional plans290．派生（辅助）计划Derivative plans291．甘特图Gantt chart292．滚动计划方法Rolling plan technique293．网络计划技术Network plan technique294．项目评审法(PERT) Program Evaluation and review techniques 295．线性规划Linear programming296．组织Organizing297．组织结构Organizational structure298．组织工作Organize299．劳动分工Division of labor300．统一指挥Unity of command301．职权Authority302．职责Accountability303．直线权力Line authority304．参谋权力Staff authority305．职能权力Function authority306．组织设计Organizational design307．组织结构设计Organizational structure design 308．组织手册Organization handbook309．职位说明书Job description310．组织系统图Organization system chart 311．组织规模Organization scale312．机械式的结构Mechanistic organization 313．单件生产Unit production314．小量生产Small production315．成批生产Process production316．大量生产Mass production317．连续生产Continuum production318．目标原则Goal principle319．管理幅度Span of control320．指控链Chain of command321．管理层次Chain of command322．岗位设定Job design323．工作分析Job analysis324．岗位设定Job design325．岗位轮换Job rotation326．多样化培训Diversity training327．岗位扩大化Job enlargement328．岗位丰富化Job enrichment329．部门划分Departmentalization330．部门化Departmentalization331．职能部门Functional department332．产品部门化Product departmentalization 333．地区划分部分Geographical departmentalization 334．顾客划分部门Customer departmentalization 335．管理者的能力Ma nager’s ability336．扁平型组织Flattening organization337．锥型组织Awl organization338．组织构架Organizational architecture339．机械式组织Mechanistic organization340．有机式组织Organic organization341．集权Centralization of state power342．集权组织Centralized organization343．分权Decentralization of state power344．分权组织Decentralized organization345．委员会制Committee system346．直线制组织结构Line strcture347．职能制组织结构Functional structure348．直线职能制组织结构Line-functional structure349．事业部制组织机构Divisional structure350．矩陈制组织结构Matrix structure351．专门工作组Bottlegging352．模拟分权制组织Simulation Decentralized organization 353．网络结构Network structure354．领导Leading355．领导Leadership356．职位权力Position power357．个人影响Referent power358．合法权Legitimate authority359．奖赏权Reward power360．惩罚权Punish right361．模范权Exemplary right362．专长权Specialty right363．魅力权Glamour right364．感情权Affection right365．士气Morale366．领导风格Leadership styles367．专制作风Autocratic styles368．民主作风Democratic styles369．放任作风Laissez-faire styles370．领导行为理论Behavioral approach371．管理方格图Managerial grid chart372．贫乏型管理Impoverished management373．任务型管理Task management374．俱乐部型管理Country club management375．中庸型的管理Middle –of –the- road management 376．团队型的管理Team management377．领导权变理论Contingency theory378．菲德勒的权变理论Fiedler contingency model379．“任务导向型”的领导方式Task –oriented leadership 380．“关系导向型”的领导方式Relationship-oriented leadership 381．菲德勒模型The Fiedler model382．情境领导理论Situational leadership theory383．途径——目标理论Path –goal theory384．教练Coach385．指导Coaching386．授权Authorization387．沟通Communicate388．消息Message389．渠道Channel390．传言链Grapevine chains391．语言沟通Verbal communication392．非语言沟通Nonverbal communication393．身体语言Body language394．过滤Filtering395．正式沟通Formal communication396．非正式沟通Informal communication397．小道消息Grapevine398．横向沟通Horizontal communication399．单向沟通One –way communication400．对上沟通Upward communication401．对下沟通Downward communication402．斜向沟通Diagonal communication403．沟通网络Communication network404．链式沟通网络Chain communication network 405．环式沟通网络Round communication network 406．Y式沟通网络Y communication network407．纵向沟通网络Vertical communication network 408．轮式沟通网络Wheel communication network 409．全通道式沟通网络All channel communication network 410．团队管理Team management411．激励Motivation412．激励因素Motivators413．需求Needs414．诱因Inducement415．动机Motivation416．行为Action417．绩效Performance418．激励理论Motivation theory419．内容型激励理论Content motivation theory420．积极性Enthusiasm421．需求层次理论Hierarchy of needs theory422．需求Need423．需求层次Need hierarchy424．生理需要Physiological needs425．安全需要Safety needs426．社交需要Social need427．尊重需要Esteem need428．自我实现需要Self –actualization needs 429．“ERG”理论ERG theory430．存在需要Existence need431．关系需要Relatedness need432．成长需要Growth need433．成就激励论Three-need theory434．成就需要Need for achievement435．权力需要Need for power436．合群需要Need for affiliation437．双因素理论Two –factors theory438．激励——保健理论Motivation –Hygiene theory 439．保健因素Hygiene factors440．激励因素Motivation factors441．满意Satisfaction442．不满意Dissatisfaction443．过程型激励理论Process motivation theory 444．期望Expectancy445．期望理论Expectancy theory446．效价Valence447．努力Make great efforts448．期望Expectation449．公平理论Equity theory450．投入Input451．产出Outcomes452．公平Equity453．不公平Inequity454．外在强化Extrinsic rewards455．内在强化Intrinsic rewards456．强化理论Reinforcement theory457．正强化Positive reinforcement458．负强化Negative reinforcement459．规避性学习Avoidance learning460．修正行为Behavior modification461．搭便车Hitchhike462．投机心理Venture psychology463．消退Fade away464．目标激励法Goal –setting theory465．报酬激励法Reward –setting theory466．工资Wage467．津贴Allowance468．认可Certificate469．赞赏Admiration470．奖惩Rewards and punishment471．惩罚Punishment472．考评Appraise473．控制Control474．控制系统Control system475．信息Information476．反馈Feedback477．信息反馈Information feedback478．控制论Cybernectics479．偏差Warp480．纠正Rectify481．前馈控制Feedforward control482．实时控制Real-time control483．反馈控制Feedback control484．业绩考核Performance appraisals 485．财务报表Financial statement486．资产负债表Balance sheet487．损益表Income statement488．现金流量表Statement of cash flow 489．预算Budgeting490．预算控制Budgeting control491．财务预算Financial budget492．业务预算Operation budget493．销售预算Sell budget494．生产预算Production budget495．生产进度日程表Production schedule table 496．内部审计Internal audit497．外部审计External audit498．创新Innovation499．技术创新Technoiogical innovations 500．产品创新Product innovation501．流程再造Process reengineering502．产品设计Product design503．首席技术官Chief technology officier。

1.管理与组织导论管理者:(manager)基层管理者:(first-line managers)中层管理者:(middle managers)高层管理者:(top managers)管理:(management)效率:(efficiency)效果:(effectiveness)计划:(planning)组织:(organizing)领导:(leading)控制:(controlling)管理角色:(management roles)人际关系角色:(interpersonal roles)信息传递角色:(informational roles)决策制定角色:(descisional roles)技术技能:(technical skills)人际技能:(human skills)概念技能:(conceptual skills)管理的普遍性:(universality of management)2.管理的历史劳动分工:(division of labor)工作专业化:(job specialization)工业革命:(industrific revolution)科学管理:(scientific management)一般行政管理理论:(general administrative theory) 管理原则:(principles of management)官僚行政组织:(bureaucracy)定量方法:(quantitative approach)组织行为:(organizational behavior)霍桑研究系统:(Hawthorne studies systems)封闭系统:(closed systems)开放系统:(open systems)权变理论:(contingency approach)劳动力多元化:(workforce diversity)电子企业:(e-business)电子商务:(e-commerce)内部网:(intranet)学习型组织:(learning organization)知识管理:(knowledge management)质量管理:(quality management)3.组织文化与环境管理万能论:(omnipotent view of management) 管理象征论:(symbolil view of management) 组织文化:(organization culture)强文化:(strong cultures)社会化:(socialization)工作场所精神境界:(workplace spirituality)外部环境:(external environment)具体环境:(specific environment)一般环境:(general environment)环境的不确定性:(environment uncertainty)环境的复杂性:(environment complexity)利益相关群体:(stakholders)4.全球环境中的管理狭隘主义:(parochialism)民族中心论:(ethnocentric attitude)多国中心论:(polycentric attitude)全球中心论:(geocentric attitude)跨国公司:(multinational corporation)多国公司:(multidomestic corporation)全球公司:(global company)跨国或无边界组织:(transnational or boredrless organization) 初始全球化组织:(born globals)全球外购:(global sourcing)出口:(exporting)进口:(importing)许可证经营:(licensing)许可经营:(franchising)战略同盟:(strategic alliance)合资企业:(joint venture)外国子公司:(foreign subsidiary)市场经济:(market economy)计划经济:(command economy)民族文化:(national culture)5.社会责任与管理道德古典观点:(classical view)社会经济学观点:(socioeconomic view)社会义务:(social obligation)社会响应:(social responsiveness)社会责任:(social responsinility)社会屏障筛选:(social screening)管理的绿色化:(gerrning of management)以价值观为基础的管理:(values-based management) 道德:(ethics)自我强度控制点:(ego strength locus of control)道德准则:(code of ethics)社会企业家:(social entrepreneur)社会影响管理:(social impact management)6.制定决策决策:(decisions)决策制定过程:(decision-making process)决策标准问题:(decision criteria problem)理性的:(rational)有限理性:(bounded rationality)满意的承诺升级:(satisfied escalation of commitment) 直觉决策:(intuitive decision making)结构良好问题:(structured problems)程序化决策:(programmed decision)程序:(procedure)规则:(rule)政策:(policy)结构不良问题:(unstructured problems)非程序化决策:(nonprogrammed decisions) 确定性:(certainty)风险性:(risk)命令型风格:(directive style)分析型风格:(analytic style)概念型风格:(conceptual style)行为型风格:(behavioral style)启发法:(heuristics)7.计划的基础陈述目标:(stated goals)真实目标:(real goals)战略计划:(strategic plans)运营计划:(operational plans)长期计划:(long-term plans)短期计划:(short-term plans)具体计划:(specific plans)方向性计划:(directional plans)一次性计划:(single-used plans)持续性计划:(standing plans)传统目标:(traditional goal setting)手段-目标链:(means-ends chain)目标管理:(management by objectives)使命:(mission)承诺概念:(commitment concept)正式计划部门:(formal planning department) 8.战略管理战略管理:(strategic management)组织战略商业模式:(strategies business model ) 战略管理过程:(strategic management process) 机会:(opportunities)威胁:(threats)资源:(resources)能力:(capabilities)核心竞争力:(core competencies)SWOT分析法:(SWOT analysis)公司层战略:(corporate strategy)增长战略:(growth strategy)相关多元化:(related diversification)非相关多元化:(unrelated diversification)稳定性战略:(stability strategy)更新战略:(renewal strategies)紧缩战略:(retrenchment strategy)扭转战略:(turnaround strategy)BCG矩阵:(BCG matrix)业务层战略:(business strategy)战略业务单元:(strategic business units) 竞争优势:(competitive advantage)成本领先战略:(cost leadership strategy) 遵循差异化战略:(differentiation strategy) 聚焦战略:(focus strategy)徘徊其间:(stuck in the middle)战略灵活性:(strategic flexibility)市场先入者:(first mover)9.计划的工具技术环境扫描:(environment scanning)竞争对手情报:(competitor intelligence) 预测:(forecasts)定量预测:(quantitative forecasting)定性预测:(qualitative forecasting)标杆比较:(benchmarking)资源:(resources)预算:(budget)甘特图:(Gantt chart)负荷图:(load chart)事件:(events)计划评审技术:(the program evaluation and review technique) 活动:(activities)松弛时间:(slack time)关键路径:(critical path)盈亏平衡分析:(breakeven analysis)线性规划:(linear programming)项目管理:(project management)脚本:(scenario)10.组织结构与设计组织结构设计:(organazational structure design)工作专门化:(work specialization)职能部门化:(functional departmentalization)产品部门化:(product departmentalization)地区部门化:(geographical departmentalization)过程部门化:(process departmentalization)顾客部门化:(customer departmentalization)跨职能团队:(cross-functional teams)指挥链:(chain of command)职权:(authority)职责:(responsibility)统一指挥:(unity of command)管理跨度:(span of control)集权化:(centralization)分权化:(decentralization)员工授权:(employee empowerment)正规化:(formalization)机械式组织:(mechanistic organization) 有机式组织:(organic organization)单件生产:(unit production)大批量生产:(mass production)连续生产:(process production)简单结构:(simple structure)职能型结构:(flanctional structure)事业部型结构:(divisional structure)团队结构:(team structure)矩阵型结构:(matrix structure)项目型结构:(project structure)无边界组织:(boundaryless organization) 虚拟组织:(virtual organization)学习型组织:(learning organization)组织结构图:(organizational charts)11.沟通与信息技术沟通:(communication)人际沟通:(interpersonal communication) 组织沟通:(organizational communication) 信息:(message)编码:(encoding)解码:(decoding)沟通过程:(communication process)噪声:(noise)非语言沟通:(nonverbal communication) 体态语言:(body language)语调:(verbal intonation)过滤:(filtering)信息超载:(information overload)积极倾听:(active listening)正式沟通:(formal communication)非正式沟通:(informal communication) 下行沟通:(upward communication)横向沟通:(lateral communication)斜向沟通:(diagonal communication)沟通网络:( communication networks)小道消息:(grape-vine)电子邮件:()即时消息:(instant messaging)音频邮件:(voic)电子数据交换:(electrinic data interchange)电话会议:(teleconferencing)可视会议:(videoconferencing)网络会议:(webconferencing)内部互联网:(intranet)外部互联网:(Extranet)实践社区:(communities practive)12.人力资源管理高绩效工作实务:(high-performance work practices)人力资源管理过程:(human resource management process) 工会(labor union)反优先雇佣行动计划:(affirmative action)人力资源规划:(human resource planning)职务分析:(job analysis)职务说明书:(job description)职务规范:(job specification)招聘:(recruitment)解聘:(decriuitment)甄选:(selection)效度:(validity)信度:(reliability)工作抽样:(work samping)评估中心:(assessment centers)真实工作预览:(relistic job preview)上岗培训:(orientation)绩效管理系统:(performance management system)书面描述法:(written essay)关键事件法:(critical incidents)评分表法:(graphic rating scales)行为定位评分法:(behaviorally anchored rating scales) 多人比较法:(multiperson comparisons)360度反馈法:(360-degree feedback)基于技能薪酬:(skill-based pay)浮动工资:(variable pay)精简机构:(downsizing)性骚扰:(sexual harassment)基于家庭的福利:(family-friendly benefits)13.变革与创新管理组织变革:(organizational change)变革推动者:(change agent)组织发展:(organizational development)压力:(stress)14.行为的基础行为:(behavior)组织行为学:(organizational behavior)员工生产率:(employee productivity)离职率:(turnover)组织公民行为:(organizational citizen behavior)工作满意度:(job satisfaction)工作场所不当行为态度:(workplace misbehavior attitudes) 认知行为:(cognitive component)情感成分:(affective component)行为成分:(behavior component)组织承诺:(organizational commitment)组织支持感:(perceived organizational support)认知失调:(cognitive dissonance)态度调查:(attitude surveys)人格:(personality)马基雅维里主义:(machiavellianism)自尊:(self-esteem)自我控制:(self-monitoring)印象管理:(impression management)情绪:(emotion)情绪智力:(emotional Intelligence)知觉:(perception)归因理论:(attribution theory)基本归因错误:(fundamental attribution error) 自我服务偏见:(self-serving bias)假设相似性:(assumed similarity)刻板印象:(stereotyping)晕轮效应:(halo effect)操作性条件反射:(operant conditioning)社会学习理论:(social learning theory)行为塑造:(shaping behavior)15.理解群体与团队群体:(group)形成阶段:(forming)震荡阶段:(storming)规范阶段:(norming)执行阶段:(performing)解体阶段:(adjourning)群体思维:(groupthink)地位:(status)社会惰化:(social loafing)群体内聚力:(group cohesiveness)冲突:(conflict)冲突的传统观点:(traditional view of conflict)冲突的人际关系观点:(human relations view of conflict) 冲突的交互作用观点:(interactionist view of conflict) 积极冲突:(functional conflict)消极冲突:(disfunctional conflict)任务冲突:(task conflict)关系冲突:(relationship conflict)过程冲突:(process conflict)工作团队:(workteams)自我管理团队:(self-managed work teams)跨职能团队:(cross-functional team)虚拟团队:(virtual team)社会网络构造:(social network structure)16.激励员工动机:(motivation)需要层次理论:(hierarchy of needs theory) 双因素理论:(two-factor theory)保健因素:(hygiene factors)激励因素:(motivators)三种需要理论:(three-needs theory)成就需要:(need for achievement)权力需要:(need for power)归属需要:(need for affiliation)目标设置理论:(goal-setting theory)自我效能感:(self-efficacy)强化理论:(reinforcement theory)强化物:(reinforcer)工作设计:(job design)工作扩大化:(job enlargement)工作丰富化:(job enrichment)工作深度:(job depth)工作特征模型:(job characteristics model) 公平理论:(equity theory)参照对象:(referents)分配公平:(distributive justice)程序公平:(procedural justice)期望理论:(expectancy theory)压缩工作周:(compressed workweek)弹性工作制:(flexible work hours)弹性时间制:(flextime)工作分担:(job sharing)远程办公:(telecommuting)账目公开管理:(open-book management)员工认可方案:(employee recognition programs) 绩效工资方案:(pay-for-performance program) 股票期权:(stock options)17.领导领导者:(leader)领导:(leadership)行为理论:(behavioral theories)独裁型风格:(authoeratic style)民主型风格:(democratic style)放任型风格:(laissez-faire style)定规维度:(initiating strueture)关怀维度:(consideration)高-高型领导者:(high-high leader)管理方格:(managerial grid)权变模型:(contingency model)最难共事着问卷:(least-preferred co-worker questionnaire) 情境领导理论:(situational leadership theory)成熟度:(readiness)领导者参与模型:(leader participation model)路径-目标理论:(path-goal theory)交易型领导者:(transactional leaders)变革型领导者:(transformational leaders)领袖魅力型领导者:(charismatic leader)愿景规划型领导:(visionary leadership)法定权利:(legitimate power)强制权利:(coercive power)奖赏权力:(reward power)专家权利:(expert power)参照权利:(referent power)信誉:(credibility)信任:(trust)授权:(empowerment)18.控制的基础控制:(controlling)市场控制:(market control)官僚控制:(bureaucratic control)小集团控制:(clan control)控制过程:(control process)偏差范围:(range of variation)直接纠正行动:(immediate corrective)彻底纠正行动:(basic correvtive action)绩效:(performance)组织绩效:(organizational performance)生产率:(productivity)组织有效性:(organizational effectiveness)前馈控制:(feedforward control)同期控制:(concurrent control)走动管理:(management by walking around)反馈控制:(feedback control)经济附加值:(economic value added)市场附加值:(market valueadded)平衡计分卡:(balanced scorecard)管理信息系统:(management information system)- - -标杆比较:(benchmarking)员工偷窃:(employee theft)服务利润链:(service profit chain)公司治理:(corporate governance)19.运营与价值链管理运营管理:(operations management)制造型组织:(manufacturing organizations)服务型组织:(service organizations)价值链:(value chain)价值链管理:(value chain management)组织过程:(organizational processes)知识产权:(intellectual processes)质量:(quality)批量定制:(mass customization)- - 总结资料。

专业术语常用名词缩写中英文对照(M-V)MAC:Medium Access Control Layer 介质访问控制层MBMC:Multiple Burst Mode Controller 多突发模式控制器MCF:Message Communication Function消息通信功能MD:Mediation Device中介设备MFPB:Multi-Frequency Press Button多频按键MIB:Management Information Base 管理信息库MIC：Mediu Interface Connector 介质接口连接器MIO:Multiuser Information Outlet 多用户信息插座MLM：Multi-Longitudinal Mode 多纵模MM:Mobile Management 移动管理MMDS:Maltichanned Microware Distribution System多路微波分配系统MMO:Multionedia Outlet 多媒体插座MN-NES:MN-Network Element System 网元管理系统MN-RMS:MN-Region Management System 网络管理系统MO:Managed Object 管理目标MSA:Multiplex Section Adaptation复用段适配MS-AIS:Mutiplex Section-Alarm Indication Signal 复用段告警指示信号MSOH:Multiplex Section Overhead 复用段开销MSP:Multiplex Section Protection复用段保护MS-RDI:Multiplex Section-Remote Defect Indication复用段远端缺陷指示MST:Multiplex Section Termination复用段终端MSU:Multi-Subscriber Unit 多用户单元MTIE:Maximum Time Interval Error最大时间间隔误差MUX:Multiplexer 灵活复接器NDF:New DataFlag 新数据标识NDFA:Niobium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺铌光纤放大器NE:Network Element 网元NEXT：Near End Crosstalk 近端串扰NMS:Network Management System网络管理系统NNE:Non-SDH Network Element 非SDH网元NNI:Network Node Interface网络节点接口NPI:Null Pointer Indication无效指针指示NWK:Network Layer 网络层NZ-DSF:Non Zero-Dispersion Shift Fiber 非零散位移光纤OAM&P:Operation Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning运行、管理、维护和预置OAM:Operation, Administration and Maintenance操作、管理和维护OBFD：Optical Beam Flame Detector 线型光速火焰探测器OC-N:Optical carrier level-N光载波级NOCR:Optical Character Recogmition光学字符识别OEIC:Optoelectronic Integrated Circuit光电集成电路OFA:Optical Fiber Amplifier 光纤放大器OHP:Overhead Processing开销处理OLT:Optical Line Terminal光纤线路终端ON:Orerall Noise 总噪声ONU:Optical Network Unit 光纤网络单元OOF:Out Of Frame 帧失步OOP:Object Oriental Programming面向对象程序设计OS:Operating System 操作系统OSC:Oscillator 振荡器OSI:Open Systems Interconnection开放系统互连OTDK：Optical Time Doman Reflectometer 光时域反射线OTDM:Optical Time Division Multiplexing 光时分复用PA:Power Amphfier 功率放大器PA:Power Amplifier 功率放大器PABX:Private Auntomatic Branch Exchange 程控数字自动交换机Paging :无线呼叫系统PAL:Pinhole Alc Lons 针孔型自动亮度控制镜头PARK:Portable Access Rights Key 移动用户接入权限识别码PAS:Public Address System 公共广播音响系统PBX:Private Brancn exchange 程控用户交换机PC:Pan unit&control 云台及云台控制器PC:Proximinty Card 接近卡PCM:Pulse Code Modulation 脉冲编码调制PCS:Personal Communication Service个人通讯服务PDFA:Praseodymium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 掺镨光纤放大器PDH:Plesiochronous digital Hierarchy 准同步数字系列PDN:Public data network 公用数据网PDS:Premises Distribution Systemn建筑物结构化综合布线系统PF:Pressurization Fan 加压风机PG:Pressure Gradient 压差式PID:Passire Infrared Detector 被动式红外传感器PJE:Pointer Justification Event 指针调整事件PLC:Programmerable Logic Controller 可编程控制器PM:Power Matching 功率匹配PMS:Prooerty Management system 资源管理系统PO:Pressure Operated 压强式POH:Path Overhead 通道开销PPI:PDH Physical InterfacePDH物理接口Preamplification :前置放大PRI:Primany Rate Interface 基群速率接口PRM:Patter Recogniton Method模式识别法PSC:Protection Switching Count 保护倒换计数PSD:Photoelectric Smoke Detector 光电感烟探测器PSD:Protection Switching Duration保护倒换持续时间PSK:Phase Shift Keying 移相键控PSNT：Ponver Sum Next 综合近端串扰PSPDN:Packet switched Public Data Network 公众分组交换网PSTN:Public Switch Telephone Network 公用交换电话网PU:Pick Up 拾音器PVC:Polyvingl chloride 聚氯乙烯PVCS:Public video conferring system 公用型会议电视系统PWS:Power system 电源系统ITU-T:International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Sector国际电信联盟-电信标准部R:Receiver 终端解码器R:Reverberator 混响器RC:Radio Communication移动通信RC:Room's Coefficient 房间系数RCU:Remote Control Units 终端控制器RDI:Remote Defect Indication 远端失效指示REG:Regenerator 再生器Resolution:清晰度RF:Radio Frequency 射频RHE:Romote Head End 远地前端RMC:Repeater Management Controller天线信道控制器RMS:Root Mean Square 均方根值RMU:Redundancy Memory Unit 冗佘存贮器RORTD:Rate Of Rise Thermal Detector 差温探测器RR:Reverberation Radius 混响半径RS:Reflected sound 反射场RSOH:Regenerator Section Ouerhead 再生段开销RSSI:Radio Signal Strength IndicatorRST:Regenerator Section Termination 再生段终端RSU:Remote Subscriber Unit 远端用户单元RT:Real Time 实时RT:Reverberation Time 混响时间RWS:Remote Workstation 远端工作站S:Sprinkler 分配器S:Stereo 双声道S:Strike 电子门锁SAA:Sound Absorption Ability 吸声能力SAR:Segmetation and reassembly sublayer 拆装子层SATV:Sate Llite 卫星电视SBS:Synchronous Backbone System 同步信息骨干系统SBSMN:SBS SBS Management Network 系列传输设备网管系统SC:Smart Card 智能卡SC:Subscriber Connector (Optial Fiber Connector)用户连接器（光纤连接器）SC:Supervisong Center 中央站监控中心管理中心SCADA:监控和数据采集软件SCB:System Control Board 系统控制板SCC:System Control&Communication系统通信控制SC-D:Saplex sc commector 双ISC连接器SCD:Sound Console Desk 调度台SCPC:Single Chnanel Per Carrier 卫星回程线路SCS:Stractured Cabling System 结构化布线系统SD:Signal Degraded 信号劣化SD:Smoke damper 排烟阀SD:Smoke Detector 感烟探测器SD:System Distortion 系统失真SDCA:Synchronization DCA同步数据通讯适配器SDMA:Spaee Division Multiplex Access容分SDXC:Synchronous Digital Cross Connect 同少数字交叉连接SE:Sound Energy 声能SEC:SDH Equipment Clock SDH 设备时钟SED:Sound Energy Density 声能密度SEEF:Smoke Extractor Exhaust Fan 排烟风机SEMF:Synchronous Equipment Management Function同步设备管理功能SES:Severely Errored Second 严重误码秒SESR:Severely Errlred Second Ratio严重误码秒比率SETPI:Synchronous Equipment Timing Physical Interface同步设备定时物理接口SETS:Synchronous Equipment Timing Source同步设备定时源SF:Spur Feeder 分支线SF:Subscribers Feeder 用户线SFN:Sound Field Nonunifornity 声场不均匀度SFP:Sound Field Processor 声场处进器SI:Sound Installation 音响设备SI:Sound Insulation隔音SICS:Simultaneous Interpretation Conference system同声传译系统SIPP:Service Interface and protocol processing unit业务接口和协议处理单元SLC:Sate llite Commumication 卫星通信SLI:Synchronous Line Optical Interface同步线路光口板SLIC:Subscriber Line Interface Controller用户线接口控制器SLM:Signal Label Mismatch 信号标记失配SM:Synchronous Multiplexer同步复用器SMF:System management function系统管理功能SMS:SDH Management Sub -Network SDH管理子网SNA:System Network Architecture 系统网络建筑SNI:Service Node Interface业务节点接口SNK:Sighal To Noise Ratio 信噪比SOA:Semiconductor Optical Amplifier半导体光放大器SOH:Section Overhead 段开销SONET:Synchronous Optical Network同步光网络SPF:Service Port Function业务口功能SPI:SDH Physical InterfaceSDH物理接口SPL:Sound Pressure Level 声压级SRL:Stractural Return Loss 结构器波损耗SS:Shock sensors 震动传感器SS:Sound Source 音源SS:Sprinkler System 自动喷水灭火系统SSB:Single Side Band 单边带调制SSM:Synchronous Status Message 同步状态信息SSU:Scan and Signal Unit 扫描及信号单元ST:Straight Tip 直通式光纤连接器ST:Subscribers Tap 用户分支器STB:Set -Top -Box 机项盒STC:Short -Term Card 计时票STE:Signaling Transfer Equipment 信令转换设备STG:Synchronous Timing Generator同步定时发生器STI:Surface fransfer Inpedane 表面传输阻扰STI:Surface Tranfer Inpedance 表面传输阻抗STM-N:Synchronous Transport Module level-N同步传送模块等级NSU:Subscriber Unit用户单元SV:Smoke Vent 排烟器SVCS:Sound Veinforcement System扩声系统T:Teletext 可视图文T:Terminal 终端机TA:Trunk Amplifier 干线放大器TC:Telecommunication Closet 通信插座TC:Transient Characteristic瞬间特性TCI:Trunk cabling interface 星形连接TCP/P:Transmission Control Protocol Inter-network Protocol传输控制协议/网间协议TCS:Tele Communication System 通信系统TCS:Telecommunication System 通讯系统TD:Ticket Dispemser 发卡机TDD:Time Division Dual 时分双工TDEV:Time Deviation时间偏差TDM:Time Division Multiplexing时分复用TDMA:Time Division Multiple Address时分多址TDS:Time division switching 时分交换结构TELEX:用户电报电传TEP:时间/事件软件TF:Transfer Function传送功能TFCC:Transmission frequenay Characteristic传输频率特性TGNP:The Greatest Noise Power 最大噪声功率TIM:Trace Identifier Mismatch追踪识别符失配TM:Termination Multiplexer 终端复用器TMN:Telecommunication Management Network 电信管理网TMN:Telecommunication Management Network电信管理网TNL:Total Noise Level 总噪声级TO:Telecommunications Outlet通信插座TP：Tunst Pair 对绞线TR:Token Ring 令牌网TSI:Timeslot Interxhange时隙交换TSU:Time Switching Unit 时隙交换单元TTF:Transport Terminal function 传送终端功能TTS:Tri Technology Sensor三鉴传感器TU:Tributary Unit 支路单元TUG:Tributary Unit Group 支路单元组TU-LOM:TU-Loss Of Multi-frame 支路单元复帧丢失TUP:Tributary Unit Pointer 支路单元指针TUPP:Tributary Unit Payload Process支路净荷处理UA T:Ultra Aperture Terminal 超小口径卫星地面接收站UL：Underwriters Laboratory 担保实验室UM:Unidirectional Microphines 单指向性传声器V A:Vacant auditoria 空场VCI:Virtual chammel identifier 虚信道标识VCS:vIdeo conferphone system 会议电视系统VI:Video interphone 可视对讲门铃Video switchers 图象切换控制器Videotext :可视图文VOD:Video on demand 视频点播VSA T:Very Small Aperture Terminal 甚小口径天线地球站。

简写全称中文QC quality control 品质管理人员FQC final quality control 最终质量管理人员IPQC in process quality control 制程中的质量管理人员OQC output quality control 出货质量管理人员IQC incoming quality control 进料质量管理人员TQC total quality control 全面质量管理POC passage quality control 段检人员QA quality assurance 质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering 质量工程人员FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查FAA first article assurance 首件确认CPK capability process index 制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality audit 合格供货商质量评估FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收质量水平S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单PS Package Specification 包装规范SPEC Specification 规格DWG Drawing 图面SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制SOC Statistical Quality Control 统计质量管理GR&R Gauge Reproductiveness & Repeatability 量测系统分析OCC Quality Control Circle 品管圈PDCA Plan Do Check Action 计划，执行，检查，总结ME Manufacture Engineering 制造工程PE Project Engineering 制程改善IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织D/C Date Code 生产日期码ID/C Identification Code (供货商)识别码CAR Correction Action Report 改善报告PPAP Product Part Approval Procedure 生产零组件批准程序ACC Accept 允收REE Reject 拒收CR Critical 极严重的MAJ Major 主要的MIN Minor 轻微的Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 质量/可靠度/服务P/N Part Number 料号L/N Lot Number 批号AOD Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 特采PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一ECN Engineering Change Notice 工程变更通知(供货商) ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求(客户) PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知PMP Product Management Plan 制程管制计划SIP Standard Inspection Procedure 制程检验标准程序SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范6S Seiri 整理Seiton 整顿Seiso 清扫Seiktsu 清洁Shitsuke 教养Safety 安全。

（1）目标 mission/ objective集体目标 group objective内部环境 internal environment外部环境 external environment计划 planning组织 organizing人事 staffing领导 leading控制 controlling步骤 process原理 principle方法 technique经理 manager总经理 general manager行政人员 administrator主管人员 supervisor企业 enterprise商业 business产业 industry公司 company效果 effectiveness效率 efficiency企业家 entrepreneur权利 power职权 authority职责 responsibility科学管理 scientific management现代经营管理 modern operational management 行为科学 behavior science生产率 productivity激励 motivate动机 motive法律 law法规 regulation经济体系 economic system管理职能 managerial function产品 product服务 service利润 profit满意 satisfaction归属 affiliation自我实现 self-actualization人力投入 human input盈余 surplus收入 income成本 cost资本货物 capital goods机器 machinery设备 equipment建筑 building存货 inventory（2）经验法 the empirical approach人际行为法 the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法 the group behavior approach协作社会系统法 the cooperative social systems approach 社会技术系统法 the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法 the decision theory approach数学法 the mathematical approach系统法 the systems approach随机制宜法 the contingency approach管理任务法 the managerial roles approach经营法 the operational approach人际关系 human relation心理学 psychology态度 attitude压力 pressure冲突 conflict招聘 recruit鉴定 appraisal选拔 select培训 train报酬 compensation授权 delegation of authority协调 coordinate业绩 performance考绩制度 merit system表现 behavior下级 subordinate偏差 deviation检验记录 inspection record误工记录 record of labor-hours lost产品质量 quality of products先进技术 advanced technology 顾客服务 customer service策略 strategy结构 structure(3)领先性 primacy普遍性 pervasiveness忧虑 fear忿恨 resentment士气 morale解雇 layoff批发 wholesale零售 retail程序 procedure规则 rule规划 program预算 budget共同作用 synergy大型联合企业 conglomerate资源 resource购买 acquisition增长目标 growth goal专利产品 proprietary product竞争对手 rival晋升 promotion管理决策 managerial decision商业道德 business ethics有竞争力的价格 competitive price 供货商 supplier小贩 vendor利益冲突 conflict of interests派生政策 derivative policy开支帐户 expense account批准程序 approval procedure病假 sick leave休假 vacation工时 labor-hour机时 machine-hour资本支出 capital outlay工资率 wage rate税收率 tax rate股息 dividend现金状况 cash position资金短缺 capital shortage总预算 overall budget资产负债表 balance sheet可行性 feasibility投入原则 the commitment principle 投资回报 return on investment生产能力 capacity to produce实际工作者 practitioner最终结果 end result业绩 performance个人利益 personal interest福利 welfare市场占有率 market share创新 innovation生产率 productivity利润率 profitability社会责任 public responsibility董事会 board of director组织规模 size of the organization组织文化 organizational culture目标管理 management by objectives 评价工具 appraisal tool激励方法 motivational techniques控制手段 control device个人价值 personal worth优势 strength弱点 weakness机会 opportunity威胁 threat个人责任 personal responsibility顾问 counselor定量目标 quantitative objective定性目标 qualitative objective可考核目标 verifiable objective优先 priority工资表 payroll（4）政策 policy灵活性 discretion多种经营 diversification评估 assessment一致性 consistency应变策略 consistency strategy公共关系 public relation价值 value抱负 aspiration偏见 prejudice审查 review批准 approval主要决定 major decision分公司总经理 division general manager 资产组合距阵 portfolio matrix明星 star问号 question mark现金牛 cash cow赖狗 dog采购 procurement人口因素 demographic factor地理因素 geographic factor公司形象 company image产品系列 product line合资企业 joint venture破产政策 liquidation strategy紧缩政策 retrenchment strategy战术 tactics(5)追随 followership个性 individuality性格 personality安全 safety自主权 latitude悲观的 pessimistic静止的 static乐观的 optimistic动态的 dynamic灵活的 flexible抵制 resistance敌对 antagonism(6)激励 motivation潜意识 subconscious地位 status情感 affection欲望 desire压力 pressure满足 satisfaction自我实现的需要 needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要 esteem needs归属的需要 affiliation needs安全的需要 security needs生理的需要 physiological needs维持 maintenance保健 hygiene激励因素 motivator概率 probability强化理论 reinforcement theory反馈 feedback奖金 bonus股票期权 stock option劳资纠纷 labor dispute缺勤率 absenteeism人员流动 turnover奖励 reward(7)特许经营 franchise热诚 zeal信心 confidence鼓舞 inspire要素 ingredient忠诚 loyalty奉献 devotion作风 style品质 trait适应性 adaptability进取性 aggressiveness热情 enthusiasm人际交往能力 interpersonal skills行政管理能力 administrative ability智力 intelligence专制式领导 autocratic leader民主式领导 democratic leader自由放任式领导 free-rein leader管理方格图 the managerial grid工作效率 work efficiency服从 obedience领导行为 leader behavior支持型领导 supportive leadership参与型领导 participative leadership指导型领导 instrumental leadership成就取向型领导 achievement-oriented leadership。

第一章管理总论Manager 管理者First-line managers 基层管理者Middle managers 中层管理者Top managers 高层管理者Management 管理Efficiency 效率Effectiveness 效果Planning 计划Organizing 组织Leading 领导Controlling 控制Management process 管理过程Management roles 管理角色Interpersonal roles 人际关系角色Informational roles 信息传递角色Decisional roles 决策制定角色Technical skills 技术技能Human skills 人事技能Conceptual skills 概念技能System 系统Closed systems 封闭系统Open systems 开放系统Environment 环境Special environment 具体环境General environment 一般环境Contingency perspective 权变观Organization 组织Universality of management 管理的普遍性Nonmanagerial employees / Operatives 操作者第二章管理的历史Division of labor 劳动分工Industrial revolution 产业革命Scientific management 科学管理Therbligs 基本动作元素General administrative theorists 一般行政管理理论家Principles of management 管理原则Bureaucracy 官僚行政组织、层级组织Quantitative approach 定量方法Organizational behavior (OB) 组织行为Hawthorne Studies 霍桑研究Workforce diversity 员工多样化Entrepreneurship 企业家e—business (electronic business) 电子商务e-commerce (electronic commerce）电子贸易、电子商务Intranet 内部互联网Total quality management (TQM）全面质量管理Learning organization 学习型组织Knowledge management 知识管理Workplace spirituality 团队精神第三章计划Decision 决策Decision-making process 决策过程Problem 问题Decision criteria 决策标准Implementation 实施Rational decision making 理性决策Bounded rationality 有限理性Satisficing 满意Escalation of commitment 承诺升级Intuitive decision making 直觉决策Well—structured problems 结构良好问题Programmed decision 程序化决策Procedure 程序Rule 规则Policy 政策Poorly structured problems 结构不良问题Nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策Certainty 确定性Risk 风险性Uncertainty 不确定性Directive style 指导性风格Analytic style 分析性风格Conceptual style 概念性风格Behavioral style 行为性风格Planning 计划Goals 目标Plans 计划Strategic plans 战略计划Operational plans 作业计划Long—term plans 长期计划Short-term plans 短期计划Specific plans 具体性计划Directional plans 指导性计划Single-use plan 单一目标计划Standing plans 标准计划Traditional goal setting 传统目标设定Means—ends chain 手段－结果链Management by objectives (MBO）目标管理Mission 使命Commitment concept 承诺概念Formal planning department 正式计划部门Strategic management 战略管理Strategic management process 战略管理过程Opportunities 机会Threats 威胁Core competencies 核心能力Strengths 优势Weaknesses 劣势SWOT analysis SWOT分析Corporate-level strategy 公司层战略Stability strategy 稳定战略Growth strategy 增长战略Related diversification 相关领域多元化经营Unrelated diversification 不相关领域多元化经营Retrenchment strategy 收缩战略BCG matrix BCG矩阵波士顿咨询集团矩阵Business-level strategy 事业层战略Strategic business units 战略经营单位Competitive advantage 竞争优势Cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略Differentiation strategy 差异化战略Focus strategy 集中化战略Functional-level strategy 职能层战略Environmental Scanning 环境扫描Competitor intelligence 竞争者情报、竞争者信息Forecasts 预测Quantitative forecasting 定量预测Qualitative forecasting 定性预测Forecasting Techniques 预测技术Benchmarking 基准化、标杆Resources 资源Budget 预算Revenue Budgets 收入预算Expense Budgets 费用预算Profit Budgets 利润预算Cash Budgets 现金预算Scheduling 进度计划、规划Gantt Charts 甘特图Load Charts 负荷图PERT network 计划评审技术网络Events 事件Activities 活动Slack time 松弛时间Critical path 关键线路Breakeven analysis 盈亏平衡分析Linear programming 线性规划Project 项目Project Management 项目管理Scenario 设想方案第四章组织Organizing 组织Organizational structure 组织结构Organizational design 组织设计Work specialization 劳动分工Departmentalization 部门化Functional departmentalization 职能部门化Product departmentalization 产品部门化Geographical departmentalization 地区部门化Process departmentalization 过程部门化Customer departmentalization 顾客部门化Cross-functional teams 跨职能团队Chain of command 指挥链Authority 职权Responsibility 职责Unity of command 统一指挥Span of control 管理幅度Centralization 集权化Decentralization 分权化Formalization 正规化Mechanistic organization 机械式组织Organic organization 有机式组织Unit production 单件生产Mass production 大量生产Process production 连续生产Simple structure 简单结构Functional structure 职能型结构Divisional structure 分部型结构Team—based structure 团队结构Matrix structure 矩阵结构Project structure 项目结构Autonomous internal units 内部自治单位Boundaryless organization 无边界组织Learning organization 学习型组织High—performance work practice 高绩效的工作实践Human resource management process 人力资源管理过程Labor union 工会Human resource planning 人力资源规划Job analysis 职务分析Job description 职务说明书Job specification 职务规范Recruitment 招聘Decruitment 解聘Selection process 甄选过程Validity 效度Reliability 信度Work sampling 工作抽样Assessment centers 测评中心Orientation 定向、导向Performance management system 绩效管理系统Written essay 书面描述法Critical incidents 关键事件法Graphic rating scales 评分表法Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS）行为定位评分法Multiperson comparisons 多人比较法Group order ranking 分组排序法Individual ranking 个体排序法Paired comparison 配对比较法360 degree feedback 360度反馈skill—based pay 按技能付酬Career 职业生涯、职业Organizational change 组织变革Change agents 变革推动者Organizational development （OD) 组织发展Stress 压力Creativity 创造Innovation 创新第五章领导Behavior 行为Organizational behavior 组织行为学Attitudes 态度Cognitive component 认知成分Affective component 情感成分Behavioral component 行为成分Job satisfaction 工作满意度Job involvement 工作投入Organizational commitment 组织承诺Organizational citizenship behavior （OCB) 组织公民行为Cognitive dissonance 认知失调Attitude surveys 态度调查Personality 人性Big—five model 重要的五大模型Emotional intelligence (EI）情感智商Locus of control 控制点Machiavellianism 马基雅维里主义Self-esteem 自尊Self-monitoring 自我监控Perception 知觉Attribution theory 归因理论Fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误Self-serving bias 自我服务偏见Selectivity 有选择地接受、选择性Assumed similarity 假设相似性Stereotyping 刻板印象Learning 学习Operant conditioning 操作性条件反射Social learning theory 社会学习理论Shaping behavior 行为塑造Motivation 动机Need 需要Hierarchy of needs theory 需要层次理论Physiological needs 生理需要Safety needs 安全需要Social needs 社会需要Esteem needs 尊重需要Self-actualization needs 自我实现需要Theory X X理论Theory Y Y理论Motivation—hygiene theory 激励－保健理论Hygiene factors 保健因素Motivators 激励因素Three—needs theory 三种需要理论Need for achievement (nAch) 成就需要Need for power (nPow）权力需要Need for affiliation (nAff）归属需要Goal—setting theory 目标设定理论Reinforcement theory 强化理论Reinforcers 强化物Job design 职务设计Job scope 职务范围Job enlargement 职务扩大化Job enrichment 工作丰富化Job depth 职务深度Job characteristic model (JCM）职务特征模型Skill variety 技能多样性Task identity 任务同一性Task significance 任务重要性Autonomy 自主性Feedback 反馈Equity theory 公平理论Referents 参照对象Expectancy theory 期望理论Compressed workweek 压缩工作周Flexible work hours 弹性工作制Job sharing 职务分担Contingent workers 应急工Telecommuting 电子通信，远程办公Pay—for performance programs 基于绩效的薪酬管理Open—book management 公开帐簿管理Leader 领导者Leadership 领导Behavioral theories 行为理论Autocratic style 权威式Democratic style 民主式Laissez—faire style 放任式Initiating structure 定规维度Consideration 关怀维度High-high leader 高－高型领导者Managerial grid 管理方格论Fiedler contingency model 菲德勒权变模型Least-preferred co—worker (LPC) questionnaire 最难共事者问卷Leader-member relations 领导者－成员关系,上下级关系Task structure 任务结构Position power 职位权力Situational leadership theory （SLT) 情景领导理论Readiness 准备状态Maturity 成熟度Leader participation model 领导者参与模型Path-goal theory 路径－目标理论Transactional leaders 事务型领导者Transformational leaders 变革型领导者Charismatic leader 超凡魅力的领导者Visionary leadership 愿景领导者Legitimate power 法定权Coercive power 强制权Reward power 奖赏权Expert power 专长权Referent power 模范权Credibility 可信度Trust 诚信、信任Empowerment 授权Communication 沟通Interpersonal communication 人际沟通Organizational communication 组织沟通Message 信息Encoding 编码Channel 通道、渠道Decoding 解码Communication process 沟通过程Noise 噪音Nonverbal communication 非言语沟通Body language 体态语言Verbal intonation 语调Filtering 过滤Selective perception 选择性知觉Information overload 信息超载Jargon 行话Active listening 积极倾听Formal communication 正式沟通Informal communication 非正式沟通Downward communication 下行沟通、向下交流Upward communication 上行沟通、向上交流Lateral communication 平行沟通、横向交流Diagonal communication 斜行沟通、越级交流Communication networks 沟通网络Grapevine 小道信息、谣言E—mail 电子邮件Instant messaging （IM) 即时信息Voice mail 声音邮件Fax 传真Electronic data interchange (EDI) 电子数据交换Teleconferencing 电信会议Videoconferencing 视频会议Intranet 内部互联网Extranet 外部互联网第六章控制Control 控制Market control 市场控制Bureaucratic control 官僚组织控制、层级控制Control process 控制过程Management by walking around (MBWA）走动式管理Range of variation 偏差范围Immediate corrective action 立即纠正行动Basic corrective action 彻底纠正行动Feedforward control 前馈控制Concurrent control 同期控制、现场控制Feedback control 反馈控制。

项目管理专业术语中英文对照表验收- (Acceptance)指客户检查接受项目交付物的过程。

活动- (Activity)指在项目中的任何消耗资源（人力、物理和设施）、产生相应成本并且生产出一项或多项产品的过程。

活动通常会在项目工作分解结构（WBS）中明确展示。

现货- (Actuals)指项目或其他活动中的实际成本和消耗。

这是一个测量值，通常会被用来与计划或预期值做比较。

假设- (Assumption)预先接受为正确但缺乏证据的事物或定义。

假设通常会发生在项目规划阶段并且被用来作为估算的基础。

应当将所有的假设都记录下来；如果某假设在后期被证明不正确，可以对计划和估算做出相应地调整。

基线- (Baseline)基线是一个快照：一个被记录在案的项目所处位置或状态。

尽管项目所处的位置以后可能会被更新，但基线始终保持不变，并可被作为原始状态的参照与当前项目位置的对照。

基线产品，例如软件系统，应当被永久地记录在案，以便于在将来的任何时间召回。

预算- (Budget)经分配的、用于执行项目工作的款额及其他资源。

商业论证- (Business Case)指启动和继续一个项目的原因和依据。

商业论证应当定义出项目可产生的商业及其他收益，以及项目的成本和时长。

商业论证同时还指出如何衡量项目的成功商业需求- (Business Requirements)指的是利益相关者对完成项目的商业要求。

在项目起始阶段，商业需求处于较高等级，但随着项目的发展，这些需求被不断地提炼并最终被细致地记录在正式的文件中。

变更控制- (Change Control)指按照计划的范围、工期和预算来管理控制变更。

在小型项目中变更控制可能采用非书面的、非正式的方式，但是在大型项目中，变更控制意味着一个牵涉很多项目利益相关者的、正式的过程（变更控制委员会）变更控制委员会- (Change Control Board (CCB))由利益相关者组成的团体，负责批准或否决对项目基线的变更。

特别说明，以下笔记版权所有，要外传或转发请知会本人，得到本人允许方可进行！Made by Rae.L管理学原理（Management ）1.Management:The process of coordinating work activities so that they are completed efficientlyand effectively with and through other people.(同别人一起，或通过别人使活动完成得更有效的过程。

)2.随着企业的扩大，企业必将走向规范化，而不再是纯粹的人情化。

group.Management is the art of removing blocks to such performance.Management is the art of creation an environment in such an organized group where people can perform as individuals and yet cooperate toward …4.Management:Elements of definition(要素)：①Efficiency --getting the most output from the least amount of inputs.(以最少的投入得到最大的收入)②Effectively —completing activities so that organizational goals are attained.效果 （管理者完整地实现了组织的目标）*企业越大，风险越大！理念是企业生存的重要要素！！！--“doing the right things ”--concerned with ends△效率可以弥补，但效果却无可挽救！5.Mission 对于一个企业非常重要。

（动力、计划性、实际性等。

［转载]管理学核心概念中英文对照原文地址：管理学核心概念中英文对照作者：jaywang第一章管理总论Manager 管理者First-line managers 基层管理者Middle managers 中层管理者Top managers 高层管理者Management 管理Efficiency 效率Effectiveness 效果Planning 计划Organizing 组织Leading 领导Controlling 控制Management process 管理过程Management roles 管理角色Interpersonal roles 人际关系角色Informational roles 信息传递角色Decisional roles 决策制定角色Technical skills 技术技能Human skills 人事技能Conceptual skills 概念技能System 系统Closed systems 封闭系统Open systems 开放系统Environment 环境Special environment 具体环境General environment 一般环境Contingency perspective 权变观Organization 组织Universality of management 管理的普遍性Nonmanagerial employees / Operatives 操作者第二章管理的历史Division of labor 劳动分工Industrial revolution 产业革命Scientific management 科学管理Therbligs 基本动作元素General administrative theorists 一般行政管理理论家Principles of management 管理原则Bureaucracy 官僚行政组织、层级组织Quantitative approach 定量方法Organizational behavior (OB）组织行为Hawthorne Studies 霍桑研究Workforce diversity 员工多样化Entrepreneurship 企业家e—business (electronic business）电子商务e-commerce （electronic commerce）电子贸易、电子商务Intranet 内部互联网Total quality management （TQM）全面质量管理Learning organization 学习型组织Knowledge management 知识管理Workplace spirituality 团队精神第三章计划Decision 决策Decision-making process 决策过程Problem 问题Decision criteria 决策标准Implementation 实施Rational decision making 理性决策Bounded rationality 有限理性Satisficing 满意Escalation of commitment 承诺升级Intuitive decision making 直觉决策Well—structured problems 结构良好问题Programmed decision 程序化决策Procedure 程序Rule 规则Policy 政策Poorly structured problems 结构不良问题Nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策Certainty 确定性Risk 风险性Uncertainty 不确定性Directive style 指导性风格Analytic style 分析性风格Conceptual style 概念性风格Behavioral style 行为性风格Planning 计划Goals 目标Plans 计划Strategic plans 战略计划Operational plans 作业计划Long—term plans 长期计划Short-term plans 短期计划Specific plans 具体性计划Directional plans 指导性计划Single-use plan 单一目标计划Standing plans 标准计划Traditional goal setting 传统目标设定Means-ends chain 手段－结果链Management by objectives （MBO) 目标管理Mission 使命Commitment concept 承诺概念Formal planning department 正式计划部门Strategic management 战略管理Strategic management process 战略管理过程Opportunities 机会Threats 威胁Core competencies 核心能力Strengths 优势Weaknesses 劣势SWOT analysis SWOT分析Corporate—level strategy 公司层战略Stability strategy 稳定战略Growth strategy 增长战略Related diversification 相关领域多元化经营Unrelated diversification 不相关领域多元化经营Retrenchment strategy 收缩战略BCG matrix BCG矩阵波士顿咨询集团矩阵Business-level strategy 事业层战略Strategic business units 战略经营单位Competitive advantage 竞争优势Cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略Differentiation strategy 差异化战略Focus strategy 集中化战略Functional—level strategy 职能层战略Environmental Scanning 环境扫描Competitor intelligence 竞争者情报、竞争者信息Forecasts 预测Quantitative forecasting 定量预测Qualitative forecasting 定性预测Forecasting Techniques 预测技术Benchmarking 基准化、标杆Resources 资源Budget 预算Revenue Budgets 收入预算Expense Budgets 费用预算Profit Budgets 利润预算Cash Budgets 现金预算Scheduling 进度计划、规划Gantt Charts 甘特图Load Charts 负荷图PERT network 计划评审技术网络Events 事件Activities 活动Slack time 松弛时间Critical path 关键线路Breakeven analysis 盈亏平衡分析Linear programming 线性规划Project 项目Project Management 项目管理Scenario 设想方案第四章组织Organizing 组织Organizational structure 组织结构Organizational design 组织设计Work specialization 劳动分工Departmentalization 部门化Functional departmentalization 职能部门化Product departmentalization 产品部门化Geographical departmentalization 地区部门化Process departmentalization 过程部门化Customer departmentalization 顾客部门化Cross—functional teams 跨职能团队Chain of command 指挥链Authority 职权Responsibility 职责Unity of command 统一指挥Span of control 管理幅度Centralization 集权化Decentralization 分权化Formalization 正规化Mechanistic organization 机械式组织Organic organization 有机式组织Unit production 单件生产Mass production 大量生产Process production 连续生产Simple structure 简单结构Functional structure 职能型结构Divisional structure 分部型结构Team—based structure 团队结构Matrix structure 矩阵结构Project structure 项目结构Autonomous internal units 内部自治单位Boundaryless organization 无边界组织Learning organization 学习型组织High-performance work practice 高绩效的工作实践Human resource management process 人力资源管理过程Labor union 工会Human resource planning 人力资源规划Job analysis 职务分析Job description 职务说明书Job specification 职务规范Recruitment 招聘Decruitment 解聘Selection process 甄选过程Validity 效度Reliability 信度Work sampling 工作抽样Assessment centers 测评中心Orientation 定向、导向Performance management system 绩效管理系统Written essay 书面描述法Critical incidents 关键事件法Graphic rating scales 评分表法Behaviorally anchored rating scales （BARS）行为定位评分法Multiperson comparisons 多人比较法Group order ranking 分组排序法Individual ranking 个体排序法Paired comparison 配对比较法360 degree feedback 360度反馈skill—based pay 按技能付酬Career 职业生涯、职业Organizational change 组织变革Change agents 变革推动者Organizational development （OD）组织发展Stress 压力Creativity 创造Innovation 创新第五章领导Behavior 行为Organizational behavior 组织行为学Attitudes 态度Cognitive component 认知成分Affective component 情感成分Behavioral component 行为成分Job satisfaction 工作满意度Job involvement 工作投入Organizational commitment 组织承诺Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB）组织公民行为Cognitive dissonance 认知失调Attitude surveys 态度调查Personality 人性Big—five model 重要的五大模型Emotional intelligence (EI）情感智商Locus of control 控制点Machiavellianism 马基雅维里主义Self—esteem 自尊Self—monitoring 自我监控Perception 知觉Attribution theory 归因理论Fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误Self—serving bias 自我服务偏见Selectivity 有选择地接受、选择性Assumed similarity 假设相似性Stereotyping 刻板印象Learning 学习Operant conditioning 操作性条件反射Social learning theory 社会学习理论Shaping behavior 行为塑造Motivation 动机Need 需要Hierarchy of needs theory 需要层次理论Physiological needs 生理需要Safety needs 安全需要Social needs 社会需要Esteem needs 尊重需要Self—actualization needs 自我实现需要Theory X X理论Theory Y Y理论Motivation—hygiene theory 激励－保健理论Hygiene factors 保健因素Motivators 激励因素Three—needs theory 三种需要理论Need for achievement （nAch) 成就需要Need for power (nPow）权力需要Need for affiliation （nAff）归属需要Goal—setting theory 目标设定理论Reinforcement theory 强化理论Reinforcers 强化物Job design 职务设计Job scope 职务范围Job enlargement 职务扩大化Job enrichment 工作丰富化Job depth 职务深度Job characteristic model （JCM) 职务特征模型Skill variety 技能多样性Task identity 任务同一性Task significance 任务重要性Autonomy 自主性Feedback 反馈Equity theory 公平理论Referents 参照对象Expectancy theory 期望理论Compressed workweek 压缩工作周Flexible work hours 弹性工作制Job sharing 职务分担Contingent workers 应急工Telecommuting 电子通信，远程办公Pay-for performance programs 基于绩效的薪酬管理Open—book management 公开帐簿管理Leader 领导者Leadership 领导Behavioral theories 行为理论Autocratic style 权威式Democratic style 民主式Laissez-faire style 放任式Initiating structure 定规维度Consideration 关怀维度High-high leader 高－高型领导者Managerial grid 管理方格论Fiedler contingency model 菲德勒权变模型Least-preferred co—worker (LPC） questionnaire 最难共事者问卷Leader—member relations 领导者－成员关系，上下级关系Task structure 任务结构Position power 职位权力Situational leadership theory (SLT) 情景领导理论Readiness 准备状态Maturity 成熟度Leader participation model 领导者参与模型Path-goal theory 路径－目标理论Transactional leaders 事务型领导者Transformational leaders 变革型领导者Charismatic leader 超凡魅力的领导者Visionary leadership 愿景领导者Legitimate power 法定权Coercive power 强制权Reward power 奖赏权Expert power 专长权Referent power 模范权Credibility 可信度Trust 诚信、信任Empowerment 授权Communication 沟通Interpersonal communication 人际沟通Organizational communication 组织沟通Message 信息Encoding 编码Channel 通道、渠道Decoding 解码Communication process 沟通过程Noise 噪音Nonverbal communication 非言语沟通Body language 体态语言Verbal intonation 语调Filtering 过滤Selective perception 选择性知觉Information overload 信息超载Jargon 行话Active listening 积极倾听Formal communication 正式沟通Informal communication 非正式沟通Downward communication 下行沟通、向下交流Upward communication 上行沟通、向上交流Lateral communication 平行沟通、横向交流Diagonal communication 斜行沟通、越级交流Communication networks 沟通网络Grapevine 小道信息、谣言E-mail 电子邮件Instant messaging （IM) 即时信息Voice mail 声音邮件Fax 传真Electronic data interchange （EDI) 电子数据交换Teleconferencing 电信会议Videoconferencing 视频会议Intranet 内部互联网Extranet 外部互联网第六章控制Control 控制Market control 市场控制Bureaucratic control 官僚组织控制、层级控制Control process 控制过程Management by walking around (MBWA) 走动式管理Range of variation 偏差范围Immediate corrective action 立即纠正行动Basic corrective action 彻底纠正行动Feedforward control 前馈控制Concurrent control 同期控制、现场控制Feedback control 反馈控制。

项目管理专用中英文术语词汇1、活动，Activity2、活动定义，Activity Definition3、活动描述/说明，AD=Activity Description4、活动历时估算，Activity Duration Estimating5、箭线网络图（双代号网络图），AOA=Activity-On-Arrow6、节点式网络图（单代号网络图），AON=Activity-on-Node7、已执行工作实际成本，ACWP=Actual Cost of Work Performed8、实际完成日期，AF=Actual Finish Date9、实际开始日期，AS=Actual Start Date10、行政收尾，Administrative Closure11、箭线，Arrow12、箭线图示法，ADM=Arrow Diagramming Method13、逆推计算法，Backward Pass14、横道图，Bar Chart15、基准计划，Baseline16、完工预算，BAC=Budget At Completion17、概算，Budget Estimate18、已执行预算成本，BCWP=Budgeted Cost of Work Performed19、计划执行预算成本，BCWS= Budgeted Cost of Scheduled 20、日历单位，Calendar Unit21、变更控制委员会，CCB=Chang Control Board22、沟通规划，Communications Planning23、并行工程，Concurrent Engineering24、意外费用，Contingencies25、意外准备金，contingency Allowance26、意外规划，Contingency Planning27、意外储备，Contingency Reserve28、合同，Contract29、合同管理，Contract Administration30、合同收尾，Contract Close-out31、控制，Control32、控制图，Control Chart33、纠正措施，Corrective Action34、费用预算，Cost Budgeting35、费用控制，Cost Control36、费用做算，Cost Estimating37、质量成本，Cost of Quality38、费用绩效指数，CPI=Cost Performance Index39、费用偏差，CV=Cost Variance40、赶工，Crashing41、关键工序，Critical Activity42、关键路线，Critical Path43、关键路线法，CPM=Critical Path Method44、当前完成日期，Current Finish Date45、当前开始日期，Current Start Date46、数据日期，DD=Data Date47、交付物，Deliverable48、依赖关系，Dependency49、虚活动，Dummy Activity50、延续时间，DU=Duration51、延续时间压缩，Duration Compression52、最早完工日期，EF=Early Finish Date53、最早开始日期，ES=Early Start Date54、挣值法，EV=Earned Value55、挣值分析，Earned Value Analysis56、人工量，Effort57、估算，概算，Estimate58、在完成时的费用估算，EAC=Estimate At Completion59、到完成时的估算，ETC=Estimate To Complete60、单节点事件图，Event-on-Node61、例外报告，Exception Report62、完成日期，Finish Date63、完成到完成关系，FF=Finish-to-Finish 64、完成到开始关系，FS=Finish-to-Start65、时差，机动时间，浮动时间，Float66、顺推计算法，Forward Pass67、自由时差，FF=Free Float68、职能经理，Functional Manager69、职能组织，Functional Organization70、甘特图，Gantt Chart71、图解评审技术，GERT=Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique72、集合工作，Hammock73、悬摆，Hanger74、信息分发，Information Distribution75、立项，Initiation76、成本/进度综合报告，Integrated Cost/Schedule Reporting77、邀标，IFB= Invitation for Bid78、关键事件进度计划，Key Event Schedule79、滞后量，Lag80、最晚完成日期，LF=Late Finish Date81、最晚开始日期，LS=Late Start Date82、提前量，Lead83、全生命期成本估算，Life-cycle Costing84、产品经理，Line Manager85、逻辑图，Logic Diagram86、逻辑关系，Logical Relationship87、回路，Loop88、管理储备量，Management Reserve89、主进度计划，Master Schedule90、矩阵型组织，Matrix Organization91、里程碑，Milestone92、里程碑进度计划，Milestone Schedule93、现代项目管理，MPM=Modern Project Management94、监控，Monitoring95、蒙托卡罗分析，Monte Carlo Analysis96、次关键工作，Near-Critical Activity97、网络，Network98、网络分析，Network Analysis99、网络逻辑，Network Logic100、网络路线，Network Path101、节点，Node102、组织分解结构，OBS=Organizational Breakdown Structure103、组织规划，Organizational Planning104、整体变更控制，Overall Change Control105、重叠，Overlap 106、参数估算法，Parametric Estimating107、线路，Path108、线路时差，Path Float109、完成百分比，PC=Percent Complete110、执行报告，Performance Reporting111、执行机构，Performing organization112、计划评审技术图，PERT Chart113、计划的完成日期，PF=Planned Finish Date 114、计划的开始日期，PS=Planned Start Date115、优先图示法，PDM=Precedence Diagramming Method116、优先关系，Precedence Relationship117、紧前工作，Predecessor Activity118、采购规划，Procurement Planning119、工程，Program120、计划评审技术，PERT=Program Evaluation and Review Technique121、项目，Project122、项目许可证，Project Charter123、项目沟通管理，Project Communication Management124、项目费用管理，Project Cost Management125、项目人力资源管理，Project Human Resource Management126、项目综合管理，Project Integration Management127、项目生命周期，Project Life Cycle128、项目管理，PM=Project Management129、项目管理知识体系，PMBOK=Project Management Body of Knowledge130、项目管理软件，Project Management Software131、项目管理团队，Project Management Team132、项目经理，PM=Project Manager133、项目网络图，Project Network Diagram134、项目阶段，Project Phase135、项目计划，Project Plan136、项目计划开发，Project Plan Development137、项目计划实施，Project Plan Execution138、项目规划，Project Planning139、项目采购管理，Project Procurement Management140、项目质量管理，Project Quality Management141、项目风险管理，Project Risk Management142、项目进度计划，Project Schedule143、项目范围管理，Project Scope Management144、项目团队成员，Project Team Member145、项目时间管理，Project Time Management146、项目型组织，Project Organization 147、质量保证，QA=Quality Assurance148、质量控制，QC=Quality Control149、质量规划，Quality Planning150、剩余持续时间，RDU=Remaining Duration151、请求建议书，RFP=Request for Proposal152、请求报价单，RFQ=Request for Quotation153、储备量，Reserve154、资源平衡，Resource Leveling155、资源约束进度计划，Resource-Limited Schedule156、资源规划，Resource Planning157、责任分配矩阵，RAM=Responsibility Assignment Matrix158、责任图，Responsibility Chart159、责任矩阵，Responsibility Matrix160、保留金，Retain age161、突发事件，Risk Event162、风险识别，Risk Identification163、风险应对控制，Risk Response Control164、风险应对开发，Risk Response Development165、S曲线，S-Curve166、进度计划，Schedule167、进度计划分析，Schedule Analysis168、进度计划压缩，Schedule Compression169、进度计划控制，Schedule Control170、进度执行指数，SPI=Schedule Performance Index171、进度偏差，SV=Schedule Variance172、计划完成日期，SF=Scheduled Finish Date173、计划开始日期，SS=Scheduled Start Date174、范围，Scope175、范围基准计划，Scope Baseline176、范围变更，Scope Change177、范围变更控制，Scope Change Control178、范围定义，Scope Definition179、范围规划，Scope Planning180、范围验证，Scope Verification181、时差，Slack182、询价，Solicitation183、询价规划，Solicitation184、工作人员招募，Staff Acquisition185、项目相关者，Stakeholder186、开始日期，Start Date187、开始到完成关系，Start-to-Finish188、开始到开始关系，Start-to-Start189、工作说明，SOW=Statement of Work 190、子网，Subnet191、子网络，Subnet Work192、后续工作，Successor Activity193、目标完成日期，TC=Target Completion Date194、目标时度计划，Target Schedule195、任务，Task196、团队建设，Team Development197、团队成员，Team members198、时标网络图，Time-Scaled Network Diagram199、目标完成日期，TF=Target Finish Date200、目标开始日期，Ts=Target Start Date201、总时差，TF=Total Float202、全面质量管理，TQM=Total Quality Management203、权变措施，Workaround204、工作分解结构，WBS=Work Breakdown Structure205、工作包，Work Package项目管理专业术语中英文对照表验收- (Acceptance)指客户检查接受项目交付物的过程。