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历届韩素音翻译大奖赛竞赛原文及译文历届韩素音翻译大奖赛竞赛原文及译文英译汉部分 (3)Hidden within Technology‘s Empire, a Republic of Letters (3)隐藏于技术帝国的文学界 (3)"Why Measure Life in Heartbeats?" (8)何必以心跳定生死？ (9)美(节选) (11)The Literature of Knowledge and the Literature of Power byThomas De Quincey (16)知识文学与力量文学托马斯.昆西 (16)An Experience of Aesthetics by Robert Ginsberg (18)审美的体验罗伯特.金斯伯格 (18)A Person Who Apologizes Has the Moral Ball in His Court by Paul Johnson (21)谁给别人道歉，谁就在道义上掌握了主动保罗.约翰逊 (21)On Going Home by Joan Didion (25)回家琼.狄迪恩 (25)The Making of Ashenden (Excerpt) by Stanley Elkin (28)艾兴登其人（节选）斯坦利.埃尔金 (28)Beyond Life (34)超越生命[美] 卡贝尔著 (34)Envy by Samuel Johnson (39)论嫉妒[英]塞缪尔.约翰逊著 (39)《中国翻译》第一届“青年有奖翻译比赛”（1986）竞赛原文及参考译文（英译汉） (41)Sunday (41)星期天 (42)四川外语学院“语言桥杯”翻译大赛获奖译文选登 (44)第七届“语言桥杯”翻译大赛获奖译文选登 (44)The Woods: A Meditation (Excerpt) (46)林间心语（节选） (47)第六届“语言桥杯”翻译大赛获奖译文选登 (50)第五届“语言桥杯”翻译大赛原文及获奖译文选登 (52)第四届“语言桥杯”翻译大赛原文、参考译文及获奖译文选登 (54) When the Sun Stood Still (54)永恒夏日 (55)CASIO杯翻译竞赛原文及参考译文 (56)第三届竞赛原文及参考译文 (56)Here Is New York (excerpt) (56)这儿是纽约 (58)第四届翻译竞赛原文及参考译文 (61)Reservoir Frogs (Or Places Called Mama's) (61)水库青蛙（又题：妈妈餐馆） (62)中译英部分 (66)蜗居在巷陌的寻常幸福 (66)Simple Happiness of Dwelling in the Back Streets (66)在义与利之外 (69)Beyond Righteousness and Interests (69)读书苦乐杨绛 (72)The Bitter-Sweetness of Reading Yang Jiang (72)想起清华种种王佐良 (74)Reminiscences of Tsinghua Wang Zuoliang (74)歌德之人生启示宗白华 (76)What Goethe's Life Reveals by Zong Baihua (76)怀想那片青草地赵红波 (79)Yearning for That Piece of Green Meadow by Zhao Hongbo (79)可爱的南京 (82)Nanjing the Beloved City (82)霞冰心 (84)The Rosy Cloud byBingxin (84)黎明前的北平 (85)Predawn Peiping (85)老来乐金克木 (86)Delights in Growing Old by Jin Kemu (86)可贵的“他人意识” (89)Calling for an Awareness of Others (89)教孩子相信 (92)To Implant In Our Children‘s Young Hearts An Undying Faith In Humanity (92)心中有爱 (94)Love in Heart (94)英译汉部分Hidden within Technology’s Empire, a Republic of Le tters 隐藏于技术帝国的文学界索尔·贝娄（1）When I was a boy ―discovering literature‖, I used to think how wonderful it would be if every other person on the street were familiar with Proust and Joyce or T. E. Lawrence or Pasternak and Kafka. Later I learned how refractory to high culture the democratic masses were. Lincoln as a young frontiersman read Plutarch, Shakespeare and the Bible. But then he was Lincoln.我还是个“探索文学”的少年时，就经常在想：要是大街上人人都熟悉普鲁斯特和乔伊斯，熟悉T.E.劳伦斯，熟悉帕斯捷尔纳克和卡夫卡，该有多好啊！后来才知道，平民百姓对高雅文化有多排斥。
第六届“海伦•斯诺翻译奖”竞赛“英译汉”部分One thing I could mention is this. Around 1939 or 1940 two Priests from Spain were refugees in the Philippines and they looked us up, having heard of Indusco. I cannot remember names or what denomination but I gave them many papers and they were really interested in getting producer co-ops going in some part of Spain – maybe among the Basques where a Catholic priest did start Mondragon. We had been friends of Teilhard de Chardin in Peking and maybe they knew this. In any case, this may be the origin of Mondragon which is now the showplace for our producer type of co-op, and has American connections.To sum it all up: I think it likely that this Niveous Snow experience for four years never happened before or since, for various reasons. I mean that two young Americans (or any kind of Westerners) have never had so much influence of the kind in the third world or maybe anywhere else. There were reasons for this beyond filling the vacuum. In 1933- 36 I used to debate with Teilhard de Chardin as we walked on top of the Peking city wall. He became all but deified as his idea was so successful. It was in brief that the individual could develop as one person higher up the evolutionary process, “a phenomenon of man”, until reaching the omega point of high spiritual power and influence. His idea was that all elements had to be developed by physical culture, deep learning in various branches of science and history, with maximum use of brain, out of which this “spiritual power.”My idea was “marriage power”, meaning that the male-female relationship in this social contract could increase influence and effectiveness, not twice, but exponentially. We did in four years prove that this idea is valid and it has actually happened – that once, anyway. I had to organize the whole thing, as Ed had no wish to be a model or a digit raised to a higher power. I kept him under a “reign of terror”he called it, but he always was very proud of himself and his work and he realized that I was the energizing force and emotional strength that made it possible. The marriage lasted from 1932 to 1949, seventeen years. Divorce is part of the success of this “nuclear marriage”, as the psychology is part of the success. We had the mid-life divorce, age forty or so, which is the normal way to do it. This is a crossroads. Either you go on like Darby and Joan, or you have another life experience. The longevity of marriage does not mean it was a wonderful, socially valuable experience, but onlythat the two people kept going in tandem along the same path. You judge a marriage by its success while it lasts, or in its prime, so to speak, not in old age, and not by being happy or not. We never used such words. We were not trying to be happy but to do and think worthwhile things in the right time and the right place. Had we not existed we would have had to be invented - by the history of Chinese-American Special Relations.Edgar Snow was a big success and also appreciated in China, which reflects upon me and my big investment in building him up and his career. But the magic is due to several things, one of which is that the woman HAS TO MAKE THE MAN FEEL THAT HE HAS ALL THIS WONDERFUL POWER WITHIN HIMSELF, in other words, to build up his morale at all times and make him feel that his work is worthwhile and worth the risk of life and death or whatever the cost may be. When we got the divorce, Ed wrote a letter to me which I still have. It said: if you think you are always right as you always have, I am tired of it. I want to have my own ideas now.He always supported me in my “ideas”but I had to do all the leg-work and endless arranging. I have my own ideas about “A Thesis for women”, not for the peasantry. It is the essence of the special “work-ethic”, which is that work is good for its own sake”, and “knowledge is good for its own sake”all that. I have never been depressed and I keep on writing like the fabled Parnassian spring at Delphi (a place I love, along with the Parthenon). I have published only eight trade books, but I have around fifty copyrighted unpublished books, and I did at least 22 booklets of genealogy (68 boxes were sent to my family in Denver). This is a remarkable thing about me - that I am naturally productive, progressive and my ideas are also possible. But I have never done the “one good book” I should have done. Only the body of my work tells the story. I am totally original, prolific and versatile. I even had a high quality literary gift from the quarter Welsh that my mother gave me genetically.-- Excerpt from Four Years by Helen Foster Snow。
Are We There Yet?America’s recovery will be much slower than that from most recessions; but the government can help a bit.“WHITHER goest thou, America?” That question, posed by Jack Kerouac on behalf of the Beat generation half a century ago, is the biggest uncertainty hanging over the world economy. And it reflects the foremost worry for American voters, who go to the polls for the congressional mid-term elections on November 2nd with the country’s unemployment rate stubbornly stuck at nearly one in ten. They should prepare themselves for a long, hard ride.The most wrenching recession since the 1930s ended a year ago. But the recovery—none too powerful to begin with—slowed sharply earlier this year. GDP grew by a feeble 1.6% at an annual pace in the second quarter, and seems to have been stuck somewhere similar since. The housing market slumped after temporary tax incentives to buy a home expired. So few private jobs were being created that unemployment looked more likely to rise than fall. Fears grew over the summer that if this deceleration continued, America’s economy would slip back into recession.Fortunately, those worries now seem exaggerated. Part of the weakness of second-quarter GDP was probably because of a temporary surge in imports from China. The latest statistics, from reasonably good retail sales in August to falling claims for unemployment benefits, point to an economy that, though still weak, is not slumping further. And history suggests that although nascent recoveries often wobble for a quarter or two, they rarely relapse into recession. For now, it is most likely that America’s economy will crawl along with growth at perhaps 2.5%: above stall speed, but far too slow to make much difference to the jobless rate.Why, given that America usually rebounds from recession, are the prospects so bleak? That’s because most past recessions have been caused by tight monetary policy. When policy is loosened, demand rebounds. This recession was the result of a financial crisis. Recoveries after financial crises are normally weak and slow as banking systems are repaired and balance-sheets rebuilt. Typically, this period of debt reduction lasts around seven years, which means America would emerge from it in 2014. By some measures, households are reducing their debt burdens unusually fast, but even optimistic seers do not think the process is much more than half over.Battling on the busAmerica’s biggest problem is that its politician s have yet to acknowledge that the economy is in for such a long, slow haul, let alone prepare for the consequences. A few brave officials are beginning to sound warnings that the jobless rate is likely to “stay high”. But the political debate is more abou t assigning blame for the recession than about suggesting imaginative ways to give more oomph to the recovery.Republicans argue that Barack Obama’s shift towards “big government” explains the economy’s weakness, and that high unemployment is proof that fiscal stimulus was a bad idea. In fact, most of the growth in government to date has been temporary and unavoidable; the longer-run growth in government is more modest, and reflects the policies of both Mr Obama and his predecessor. And the notion that hig h joblessness “proves” that stimulus failed is simply wrong. The mechanics of a financial bust suggest that without a fiscal boost the recession would have been much worse. Democrats have their own class-warfare version of the blame game, in which Wall Str eet’s excesses caused the problem and higher taxes on high-earners are part of the solution. That is why Mr. Obama’s legislative priority before the mid-terms is to ensure thatthe Bush tax cuts expire at the end of this year for households earning more than $250,000 but are extended for everyone else. This takes an unnecessary risk with the short-term recovery. America’s experience in 1937 and Japan’s in 1997 are powerful evidence that ill-timed tax rises can tip weak economies back into recession. Higher taxes at the top, along with the waning of fiscal stimulus and belt-tightening by the states, will make a weak growth rate weaker still. Less noticed is that Mr. Obama’s fiscal plan will also worsen the medium-term budget mess, by making tax cuts for the middle class permanent.Ways to overhaul the engineIn an ideal world America would commit itself now to the medium-term tax reforms and spending cuts needed to get a grip on the budget, while leaving room to keep fiscal policy loose for the moment. But in febrile, partisan Washington that is a pipe-dream. Today’s goals can only be more modest: to nurture the weak economy, minimize uncertainty and prepare the ground for tomorrow’s fiscal debate. To that end, Congress ought to extend all the Bush tax cuts until 2013. Then they should all expire—prompting a serious fiscal overhaul, at a time when the economy is stronger.A broader set of policies could help to work off the hangover faster. One priority is to encourage more write-downs of mortgage debt. Almost a quarter of all Americans with mortgages owe more than their houses are worth. Until that changes the vicious cycle of rising foreclosures and falling prices will continue. There are plenty of ideas on offer, from changing the bankruptcy law so that judges can restructure mortgage debt to empowering special trustees to write down loans. They all have drawbacks, but a fetid pool of underwater mortgages will, much like Japan’s loans to zombie firms, corrode the financial system and harm the recoverCleaning up the housing market would help cut America’s unemployment rate, by making it easier for people to move to where jobs are. But more must be done to stop high joblessness becoming entrenched. Payroll-tax cuts and credits to reduce the cost of hiring would help. (The health-care reform, alas, does the opposite, at least for small businesses.) Politicians will also have to think harder about training schemes, because some workers lack the skills that new jobs require.Americans are used to great distances. The sooner they, and their politicians, accept that the road to recovery will be a long one, the faster they will get there.。
On HomeBy John Berger“Philosophy is really homesickness, it is the urge to be at home everywhere.”—Novalis【1】The transition from a nomadic life to a settled one is said to mark the beginning of what was later called civilization. Soon all those who survived outside the city began to be considered uncivilized. But that is another story—to be told in the hills near the wolves.【2】Perhaps during the last century and a half an equally important transformation has taken place. Never before our time have so many people been uprooted. Emigration, forced or chosen, across national frontiers or from village to metropolis, is the quintessential experience of our time. That industrialization and capitalism would require such a transport of men on an unprecedented scale and with a new kind of violence was already prophesied by the opening of the slave trade in the sixteenth century. The Western Front in the First World War with its conscripted massed armies was a later confirmation of the same practice of tearing up, assembling, transporting, and concentrating in a “no-man’s land.” Later, concentration camps, across the world, followed the logic of the same continuous practice.【3】All the modern historians from Marx to Spengler have identified the contemporary phenomenon of emigration. Why add more words? To whisper for that which has been lost. Not out of nostalgia, but because it is on the site of loss that hopes are born.【4】The term home (Old Norse Heimer, High German heim, Greek kōmi, meaning “village”) has, since a long time, been taken over by two kinds of moralists, both dear to those who wield power. The notion of home became the keystone for a code of domestic morality, safeguarding the property (which included the women) of the family. Simultaneously the notion of homeland supplied a first article of faith for patriotism, persuading men to die in wars which often served no other interest except that of a minority of their ruling class. Both usages have hidden the original meaning.【5】Originally home meant the center of the world—not in a geographical, but in an ontological sense. Mircea Eliade has demonstrated how home was the place from which the world could be founded. A home was established, as he says, “at the heart of the real.” In traditional soci eties, everything that made sense of the world was real; the surrounding chaos existed and was threatening, but it was threatening because it was unreal. Without a home at the center of the real, one was not only shelterless, but also lost in nonbeing, in unreality. Without a home everything was fragmentation.【6】Home was the center of the world because it was the place where a vertical line crossed with a horizontal one. The vertical line was a path leading upwards to the sky and downwards to the underworld. The horizontal line represented the traffic of the world, all the possible roads leading across the earth to other places. Thus, at home, one was nearest to the gods in the sky and to the dead in the underworld. This nearnesspromised access to both. And at the same time, one was at the starting point and, hopefully, the returning point of all terrestrial journeys.【7】The crossing of the two lines, the reassurance their intersection promises, was probably already there, in embryo, in the thinking and beliefs of nomadic people, but they carried the vertical line with them, as they might carry a tent pole. Perhaps at the end of this century of unprecedented transportation, vestiges of the reassurance still remain in the unarticulated feelings of many millions of displaced people.【8】Emigration does not only involve leaving behind, crossing water, living amongst strangers, but also, undoing the very meaning of the world and—at its most extreme—abandoning oneself to the unreal which is the absurd.【9】Emigration, when it is not enforced at gunpoint, may of course be prompted by hope as well as desperation. For example, to the peasant son the father’s traditional authority may seem more oppressively absurd than any chaos. The poverty of the village may appear more absurd than the crimes of the metropolis. To live and die amongst foreigners may seem less absurd then to live persecuted or tortured by one’s fellow countrymen. All this can be true. But to emigrate is always to dismantle the center of the world, and so to move into a lost, disoriented one of fragments.。
附件3翻译竞赛中译英参赛原文一、向美好的旧日时光道歉美好的旧日时光，渐行渐远。
在我的稿纸上，它们是代表怅惘的省略的句点；在我的书架上，它们是那本装帧精美，却蒙了尘灰的诗集；在我的抽屉里，它们是那张每个人都在微笑的合影；在我的梦里，它们是我梦中喊出的一个个名字；在我的口袋里，它们是一句句最贴心的劝语忠言……现在，我坐在深秋的藤椅里，它们就是纷纷坠落的叶子。
我尽可能接住那些叶子，不想让时光把它们摔疼了。
这是我向它们道歉的唯一方式。
向纷纷远去的友人道歉，我不知道一封信应该怎样开头，怎样结尾。
更不知道，字里行间，应该迈着怎样的步子。
向得而复失的一颗颗心道歉。
我没有珍惜你们，唯有期盼，上天眷顾我，让那一颗颗真诚的心，失而复得。
向那些正在远去的老手艺道歉，我没能看过一场真正的皮影戏，没能找一个老木匠做一个碗柜，没能找老裁缝做一个袍子，没能找一个“剃头担子”剃一次头……向美好的旧日时光道歉，因为我甚至没有时间怀念，连梦都被挤占了。
琐碎这样一个词仿佛让我看到这样一个老人，在异国他乡某个城市的下午，凝视着广场上淡然行走的白鸽，前生往事的一点一滴慢慢涌上心来：委屈、甜蜜、心酸、光荣……所有的所有在眼前就是一些琐碎的忧郁，却又透着香气。
其实生活中有很多让人愉悦的东西，它们就是那些散落在角落里的不起眼的碎片，那些暗香，需要唤醒，需要传递。
就像两个人的幸福，可以很小，小到只是静静地坐在一起感受对方的气息；小到跟在他的身后踩着他的脚印一步步走下去；小到用她准备画图的硬币去猜正反面；小到一起坐在路边猜下一个走这条路的会是男的还是女的……幸福的滋味，就像做饭一样，有咸，有甜，有苦，有辣，口味多多，只有自己体味得到。
但人性中也往往有这样的弱点：回忆是一个很奇怪的筛子，它留下的总是自己的好和别人的坏。
所以免不了心浮气躁，以至于总想从镜子里看到自己十年后的模样。
现在，十年后的自己又开始怀想十年前的模样了，因为在鬓角，看见了零星的雪。
第六届“《英语世界》杯”翻译大赛原文A Garden That Welcomes StrangersBy Allen LacyI do not know what became of her, and I never learned her name. But I feel that I knew her from the garden she had so lovingly made over many decades.The house she lived in lies two miles from mine – a simple, two-story structure with the boxy plan, steeply-pitched roof and unadorned lines that are typical of houses built in the middle of the nineteenth century near the New Jersey shore.Her garden was equally simple. She was not a conventional gardener who did everything by the book, following the common advice to vary her plantings so there would be something in bloom from the first crocus in the spring to the last chrysanthemum in the fall. She had no respect for the rule that says that tall-growing plants belong at the rear of a perennial border, low ones in the front and middle-sized ones in the middle, with occasional exceptions for dramatic accent.In her garden, everything was accent, everything was tall, and the evidence was plain that she loved three kinds of plant and three only: roses, clematis and lilies, intermingled promiscuously to pleasant effect but no apparent design.She grew a dozen sorts of clematis, perhaps 50 plants in all, trained and tied so that they clambered up metal rods, each rod crowned intermittently throughout the summer by a rounded profusion of large blossoms of dark purple, rich crimson, pale lavender, light blue and gleaming white.Her taste in roses was old-fashioned. There wasn’t a single modern hybrid tea rose or floribunda in sight. Instead, she favored the roses of other ages – the York and Lancaster rose, the cabbage rose, the damask and the rugosa rose in several varieties. She propagated her roses herself from cuttings stuck directly in the ground and protected by upended gallon jugs.Lilies, I believe were her greatest love. Except for some Madonna lilies it is impossible to name them, since the wooden flats stood casually here and there in the flower bed, all thickly planted with dark green lily seedlings. The occasional paper tag fluttering from a seed pod with the date and record of a cross showed that she was an amateur hybridizer with some special fondness for lilies of a warm muskmelon shade or a pale lemon yellow.She believed in sharing her garden. By her curb there was a sign: “This is my garden, and you are welcome here. Take whatever you wish with your eyes, but nothing with your hand.”Until five years ago, her garden was always immaculately tended, the lawn kept fertilized and mowed, the flower bed free of weeds, the tall lilies carefully staked. But then something happened. I don’t know what it was, but the lawn was mowed less frequently, then not at all. Tall grass invaded the roses, the clematis, the lilies. The elm tree in her front yard sickened and died, and when a coastal gale struck, the branches that fell were never removed.With every year, the neglect has grown worse. Wild honeysuckle and bittersweet runrampant in the garden. Sumac, ailanthus, poison ivy and other uninvited things不速之客threaten the few lilies and clematis and roses that still struggle for survival.Last year the house itself went dead. The front door was padlocked and the windows covered with sheets of plywood. For many months there has been a for sale sign out front, replacing the sign inviting strangers to share her garden.I drive by that house almost daily and have been tempted to load a shovel in my car trunk, stop at her curb and rescue a few lilies from the smothering thicket of weeds. The laws of trespass and the fact that her house sits across the street from a police station have given me the cowardice to resist temptation. But her garden has reminded me of mortality; gardeners and the gardens they make are fragile things, creatures of time, hostages to chance and to decay.Last week, the for sale sign out front came down and the windows were unboarded. A crew of painters arrived and someone cut down the dead elm tree. This morning there was a moving van in the driveway unloading a swing set, a barbecue grill, a grand piano and a houseful of sensible furniture. A young family is moving into that house.I hope that among their number is a gardener whose special fondness for old roses and clematis and lilies will see to it that all else is put aside until that flower bed is restored to something of its former self.(选自Patterns: A Short Prose Reader, by Mary Lou Conlin, published by Houghton Mifflin Company, 1983.)。
第二十四届“韩素音青年翻译奖”竞赛原文（英译汉）中国译协《中国翻译》编辑部与江苏人文环境艺术设计研究院联合举办第二十四届“韩素音青年翻译奖”竞赛，如下系英译汉的竞赛原文：It‟s Time to Rethink …Temporary‟We tend to view architecture as permanent, as aspiring to the status of monum ents. And that kind of architecture has its place. But so does architecture of a different sort.For most of the first decade of the 2000s, architecture was about the statement building. Whether it was a controversial memorial or an impossibly luxurious condo tower, architecture‟s raison d‟être was to make a las ting impression. Arc hitecture has always been synonymous with permanence, but should it be?In the last few years, the opposite may be true. Architectural billings are at an all-time low. Major commissions are few and far between. The architecture th at‟s b een making news is fast and fleeting: pop-up shops, food carts, marketpla ces, performance spaces. And while many manifestations of the genre have ju mped the shark (i.e., a Toys R Us pop-up shop), there is undeniable opportuni ty in the temporary: it is an apt response to a civilization in flux. And like m any prevailing trends —collaborative consumption (a.k.a., “sharing”), communit y gardens, barter and trade —“temporary” is so retro that it‟s become radical. In November, I had the pleasure of moderating Motopia, a panel at University of Southern California‟s School of Architecture, with Robert Kronenburg, an a rchitect, professor at University of Liverpool and portable/temporary/mobile gur u. Author of a shelf full of books on the topic, including “Flexible:Architectu re that Responds to Change,” “Portable Architecture: Design and Technology” and “Houses in Motion: The Genesis,” Kronenburg is a man obsessed.Mobility has an innate potency, Kronenburg believes. Movable environments ar e more dynamic than static ones, so why should architecture be so static? The idea that perhaps all buildings shouldn‟t aspire to permanence represents a hu ge shift for architecture. Without that burden, architects, designers, builders and developers can take advantage of and implement current technologies faster. A rchitecture could be reusable, recyclable and sustainable. Recast in this way, it could better solve seemingly unsolvable problems. And still succeed in creatin g a sense of place.In his presentation, Kronenburg offered examples of how portable, temporary ar chitecture has been used in every aspect of human activity, including health care (from Florence Nightingale‟s redesigned hospitals to the Airstream trailers us ed as mobile medical clinics during the Kennedy Administration), housing (fro m yurts to tents to architect Shigeru Ban‟s post-earthquake paper houses), cultu re and commerce (stage sets and Great Exhibition buildings, centuries-old Bouq inistes along the Seine, mobile food, art and music venues offering everything from the recording of stories to tasty crème brulees.)Kronenburg made a compelling argument that the experimentation inherent in s uch structures challenges preconceived notions about what buildings can and sh ould be. The strategy of temporality, he expl ained, “adapts to unpredictable de mands, provides more for less, and encourages innovation.” And he stressed th at it‟s time for end-users, designers, architects, manufacturers and construction f irms to rethink their attitude toward temporary, portable and mobile architectur e.This is as true for development and city planning as it is for architecture. City -making may have happened all at once at the desks of master planners like Daniel Burnham or Robert Moses, but that‟s really not the way things happen today. No single master plan can anticipate the evolving and varied needs of a n increasingly diverse population or achieve the resiliency, responsiveness and f lexibility that shorter-term, experimental endeavors can. Which is not to say lo ng-term planning doe sn‟t have its place. The two work well hand in hand. Mi ke Lydon, founding principal of The Street Plans Collaborative, argues for inje cting spontaneity into urban development, and sees these temporary intervention s (what he calls “tactical urbanism”) as sh ort-term actions to effect long-term c hange.Though there‟s been tremendous media attention given to quick and cheap proj ects like San Francisco‟s Pavement to Parks and New York‟s “gutter cafes,” L ydon sees something bigger than fodder for the style sectio n. “A lot of these t hings were not just fun and cool,” he says. “It was not just a bottom-up effort. It‟s not D.I.Y. urbanism. It‟s a continuum of ideas, techniques and tactics bei ng employed at all different scales.”“We‟re seeing a lot of these things emerge for three reasons,” Lydon continues.“One, the economy. People have to be more creative about getting things don e. Two, the Internet. Even four or five years ago we couldn‟t share tactics an d techniques via YouTube or Facebook. Something can happen randomly in D allas and now we can hear about it right away. This is feeding into this idea of growth, of bi-coastal competition between New York and San Francisco, say, about who does the cooler, better things. And three, demographic shifts. Urba n neighborho ods are gentrifying, changing. They‟re bringing in people looking t o improve neighborhoods themselves. People are smart and engaged and worki ng a 40-hour week. But they have enough spare time to get involved and this seems like a natural step.”Lydon isn‟t advocating an end to planning but encourages more short-term doi ng, experimenting, testing (which can be a far more satisfying alternative to w aiting for projects to pass). While this may not directly change existing codes or zoning regulations, that‟s O.K. because, as Lydon explains, the practices em ployed “shine a direct light on old ways of thinking, old policies that are in p lace.”The Dallas group Build a Better Block —which quickly leapt from a tiny gra ss-roots collective to an active partner in city endeavors —has demonstrated t hat when you expose weaknesses, change happens. If their temporary interventi ons violate existing codes, Build a Better Block just paints a sign informing p assers-by of that fact. They have altered regulations in this fashio n. Sometimes —not always —bureaucracy gets out of the way and allows for real change to happen.Testing things out can also help developers chart the right course for their proj ects. Says Lydon, “A developer can really learn what‟s working in the neighbo rhood from a marketplace perspective —it could really inform or change their plans. Hopefully they can ingratiate themselves with the neighborhood and bui ld community. There is real potential if the developers are really looking to do that.”And they are. Brooklyn‟s De Kalb Market, for example, was supposed to be i n place for just three years, but became a neighborhood center where there ha dn‟t been much of one before. “People gravitated towards it,” says Lydon. “Pe ople like going there. You run the risk of people lamenting the loss of that. T he developer would be smart to integrate things like the community garden —[giving residents an] opportunity to keep growing food on the site. The radio station could get a permanent space. The beer garden could be ke pt.”San Francisco‟s PROXY project is similar. Retail, restaurants and cultural spac es housed within an artful configuration of shipping containers, designed by En velope Architecture and Design, were given a five-year temporary home on go vernment-owned vac ant lots in the city‟s Hayes Valley neighborhood while dev elopers opted to sit tight during the recession. Affordable housing is promised for the site; the developers will now be able to create it in a neighborhood th at has become increasingly vibrant and pedestrian-friendly.On an even larger scale, the major developer Forest City has been testing thes e ideas of trial and error in the 5M Project in downtown San Francisco. Whil e waiting out the downturn, the folks behind 5M have been beta-testing tenant s and uses at their 5th & Mission location, which was (and still is) home to t he San Francisco Chronicle and now also to organizations like TechShop, the co-working space HubSoma, the art gallery Intersection for the Arts, the tech c ompany Square and a smattering of food carts to feed those hungry, hardworki ng tenants. A few years earlier, Forest City would have been more likely to th row up an office tower with some luxury condos on top and call it a day: ac cording to a company vice president, Alexa Arena, the recession allowed Forest City to spend time “re-imagining places for our emerging economy and what kind of environment helps facilitate that.”In “The Interventionist‟s Toolkit,” the critic Mimi Zeiger wrote that the real su ccess for D.I.Y. urbanist interv entions won‟t be based on any one project but will “happen when we can evaluate the movement based on outreach, economi c impact, community empowerment, entrepreneurship, sustainability and design. We‟re not quite there yet.”She‟s right. And one doesn‟t ha ve to search for examples of temporary project s that not only failed but did so catastrophically (see: Hurricane Katrina trailer s, for example). A huge reason for tactical urbanism‟s appeal relates to politics. As one practitioner put it, “We‟re doing thes e things to combat the slowness of government.”But all of this is more than a response to bureaucracy; at its best it‟s a bold expression of unfettered thinking and creativity … and there‟s certainly not eno ugh of that going around these days. An embrace of the temporary and tactica l may not be perfect, but it could be one of the strongest tools in the arsenal of city-building we‟ve got.第二十三届韩素音青年翻译奖英译汉参考译文The Skyscraper Index: A Foreshadowing of Economic Crisis For politicians and the public at large, skyscrapers—gigantic buildings backed by huge economic power—are a symbol of social progress and economic prosperity. Contrary to this popular belief, some economists argue that the emergence of skyscrapers and those reaching new heights in particular, would more often than not precede economic downturns.“The market goes down as tall buildings go up.” That was the assertion made in 1999 by Andrew Lawrence, a securities analyst at Deutsche Bank. At the Lehman Brothers‟ global economic conference held in B eijing on February 15, 2006, John Llewellyn, Lehman‟s global chief economist, alerted his Chinese clients to the “skyscraper index,” predicting that “if a global crisis strikes, it will probably be in 2007 or 2008.”Despite his accurate prediction for the 2007-08 economic crisis, Llewellyn never envisioned that the century-old financial empire would go up in smoke amid the crisis. Are skyscrapers a crowning glory or a clinging curse for the world economy? And is there indeed a close connection between skyscrapers and economic crises?In 1999, Andrew Lawrence, based on his research, formulated what he called the “skyscraper index,” showing a correlation between the construction of skyscrapers and subsequent economic downturns. In fact, the completion of each newrecord-setting skyscraper is often followed by an economic recession. Since thebeginning of the 20th century, the world has seen four major skyscraper booms, each accompanied by an economic crisis or a round of financial turbulence.In the 1920s, concurrent with overall economic recovery and the strongest rebound ever seen in the stock market, the United States went on a wild residential and commercial building spree. During this period, three record-breaking skyscrapers began to be built in succession. Within the three years from 1929 to 1931, 40 Wall Street, the Chrysler Building and the Empire State Building were completed in New York. What followed, however, was not a new wave of prosperity, but the Great Depression unprecedented in history. Similarly, after a period of strong and sustained economic boom in the 1960s, known to Americans as the “Golden Age,” construction began on the World Trade Center in New York and the Sears Tower in Chicago. The two new record-setting skyscrapers were completed in 1972 and 1974 respectively. Soon afterwards, the global economy sank heavily into stagflation.The correlation between supertall buildings and economic crises is too close to be coincidental. What is it then that keeps them so closely tied to each other?Firstly, human nature is at play. One of the negative aspects of human nature is blind confidence, which is reflected in the fact that humans look at things in a way that is stubbornly subjective due to their inadequate understanding of the actual world. Indeed, Lawrence himself described his index correlating skyscrapers with economic downturns as an “unhealthy 100-year correlation.” Things of that kind have existed in human society for well over 100 years. Looking back, one may readily find similar events that unfolded during the long span of Chinese history. In the heyday of the Shang Dynasty, King Zhou ordered the construction of Lutai (Stag Gallery) , which aroused great indignation and condemnation among his people. And it was at Lutai that King Zhou ended up burning himself to death. During the most glorious years of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong launched large-scale landscaping projects, resulting in the decline of national strength and a humiliating loss of sovereignty.Secondly, profit is a motive. All business activities are profit-driven in nature. An economic boom is often preceded by a cycle of low interest rates, which serves as a precondition for the boom. In the process of economic growth, interest returns are always lower than expected, which creates a succession of interest transmission channels—a chain of vested interest groups (as mentioned earlier). The economic boom, combined with relatively lower interest rates, exerts a direct influence on land prices, business demand and easy access to financial support, a plan is conceived for the construction of yet another record-setting skyscraper.Just as day follows night in a 24-hour period and seasonal variations occur in a year, the economy undergoes a boom-bust cycle, and all commodity prices respond to the forces of supply and demand. As the Chinese saying goes, anything that reaches its s climax returns cyclically to its opposite extreme. A market demand for the construction of skyscrapers emerges from what is called the “golden climate,” which is created by a combination of factors: lower interest rates, business expansion, rising capital prices, and a general mood of excessive optimism among the vast majority of the public. However, such a “golden climate” never lasts long.It is therefore quite common that no sooner is a skyscraper completed than the economy enters a recession and then is thrown into deeper distress by the time the skyscraper is put to use. This best reveals the inseparable correlation between skyscrapers and economic downturns. Indeed, the world‟s tallest buildings often stand as monuments to past prosperity.第二十二届韩素音青年翻译奖英译汉参考译文Simple Happiness of Dwelling in the Back StreetsA secluded life has traditionally been deemed, as it seems, the supreme state of happiness, although such aloofness and retirement breed loneliness as well. Few people in fact end up as genuine recluses, whose contentment does not suffice to construe what happiness is for all.As a common saying goes, while the “lesser hermit” lives in seclusi on in the country, the “greater hermit” does so in the city. Not necessarily in solitude does reside true happiness which can be found in busy streets rather than in the woods.Here in the city lanes the early morning sunshine filters through the carvedold-style latticed windows on the walls and faintly gilds the exquisite potted plants in courtyards. As eggs sizzle in frying pans, the morning begins to fill with rising sounds: the soft voices of children, the chugging rhythm of car engines, the sweet exchange of goodbyes between husbands and wives, as well as the brief greetings among neighbors. Such back streets are busy but not chaotic, lively but not clamorous, plain but not wearisome.Although the green patches at the end of the back streets are not so lushly verdant as those on the mountains, the urban air is permeated with a vitality lacking in the wilderness.Under pale yellow street lamps, each bench embodies diversified feelings—sweetness and happiness, joys and sorrows—all interwoven to slowly ferment in tranquility. No one knows what kind of pleasant surprise may be in store for him around the corner: a uniquely styled and busy cafe? Or a bar emitting jazz music? Or a coffee shop with tall stools and a relaxed atmosphere? Perhaps it is also satisfying just to sit outdoors on a wooden chair under a sunshade, chatting over a cup of tea about daily trifles with new friends.All these elements, tempered and deposited by time, settled finally into a custom, a tacit understanding and a culture.When neighbors and friends come, they share witty jokes about personal trivialities, implicitly understanding each other's eye movements of like astuteness. Family members sit around the dining table, chattering through mouthfuls of food, and no one is bothered by the noise.Those lanes, narrow as they may be, cannot hold back the pervading happiness...But as dense, cold high-rises shoot up in the city, woefully accompanied by traffic congestion and air pollution, people‟s happiness is little by little being erode dand lost. With more dwelling space and privacy, one has his “self” encircled in a solitary world, careful not to infringe on the souls of others, while also seeking not to be infringed upon. However, when one quiets down, the once tiresome hubbub now may evoke warm feelings and nostalgia.To Manhattan with soaring skyscrapers, people prefer Florence with sun-bathed ancient alleys by the towering red dome (1); to Lujiazui with dazzling night lights, people prefer Wanhangdu Road with narrow lanes full of rollicking children. Even as one grows old, it is likely that his dreams would be embellished by the serenity of the grey old houses, the calls of vendors in a soft-toned local dialect, and the small lanes filled with soothing memories.If observed with a perceptive eye, every inch of the walls and corners adorned with moss and ivy becomes a verdurous poem, which, neither elegant nor powerful, represents plain and simple happiness.Perhaps it is not so difficult to define happiness after all. Happiness is an unfurled scroll of poems, describing ordinary alleys under the city skies.No one knows how much simple happiness is seeping through those back streets lit up by the scattered lamps as the night falls...注释(1)即佛罗伦萨的Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (圣母百花大教堂）。
翻译竞赛英译汉参赛原文Africa on the Silk RoadThe Dark Continent, the Birthplace of Humanity . . . Africa. All of the lands south and west of the Kingdom of Egypt have for far too long been lumped into one cultural unit by westerners, when in reality, nothing could be further from the truth. Africa is not one mysterious, impenetrable land as the legacy of the nineteenth Century European explorers suggests, it is rather an immensely varied patchwork of peoples that can be changed not only by region and country but b y nature’s way of separating people – by rivers and lakes and by mountain ranges and deserts. A river or other natural barrier may separate two groups of people who interact, but who rarely intermarry, because they perceive the people on the other side to be “different” from them.Africa played an important part in Silk Road trade from antiquity through modern times when much of the Silk Road trade was supplanted by European corporate conglomerates like the Dutch and British East India Companies who created trade monopolies to move goods around the Old World instead. But in the heyday of the Silk Road, merchants travelled to Africa to trade for rare timbers, gold, ivory, exotic animals and spices. From ports along the Mediterranean and Red Seas to those as far south asMogadishu and Kenya in the Indian Ocean, goods from all across the continent were gathered for the purposes of trade.One of Africa’s contributions to world cuisine that is still widely used today is sesame seeds. Imagine East Asian food cooked in something other than its rich sesame oil, how about the quintessential American-loved Chinese dish, General Tso’s Chicken? How ‘bout the rich, thick tahini paste enjoyed from the Levant and Middle East through South and Central Asia and the Himalayas as a flavoring for foods (hummus, halva) and stir-fries, and all of the breads topped with sesame or poppy seeds? Then think about the use of black sesame seeds from South Asian through East Asian foods and desserts. None of these cuisines would have used sesame in these ways, if it hadn’t been for the trade of sesame seeds from Africa in antiquity.Given the propensity of sesame plants to easily reseed themselves, the early African and Arab traders probably acquired seeds from native peoples who gathered wild seeds. The seeds reached Egypt, the Middle East and China by 4,000 –5,000 years ago as evidenced from archaeological investigations, tomb paintings and scrolls. Given the eager adoption of the seeds by other cultures and the small supply, the cost per pound was probably quite high and merchants likely made fortunes offthe trade.Tamarind PodsThe earliest cultivation of sesame comes from India in the Harappan period of the Indus Valley by about 3500 years ago and from then on, India began to supplant Africa as a source of the seeds in global trade. By the time of the Romans, who used the seeds along with cumin to flavor bread, the Indian and Persian Empires were the main sources of the seeds.Another ingredient still used widely today that originates in Africa is tamarind. Growing as seed pods on huge lace-leaf trees, the seeds are soaked and turned into tamarind pulp or water and used to flavor curries and chutneys in Southern and South Eastern Asia, as well as the more familiar Worcestershire and barbeque sauces in the West. Eastern Africans use Tamarind in their curries and sauces and also make a soup out of the fruits that is popular in Zimbabwe. Tamarind has been widely adopted in the New World as well as is usually blended with sugar for a sweet and sour treat wrapped in corn husk as a pulpy treat or also used as syrup to flavor sodas, sparkling waters and even ice cream.Some spices of African origin that were traded along the Silk Road have become extinct. One such example can be found in wild silphion whichwas gathered in Northern Africa and traded along the Silk Road to create one of the foundations of the wealth of Carthage and Kyrene. Cooks valued the plant because of the resin they gathered from its roots and stalk that when dried became a powder that blended the flavors of onion and garlic. It was impossible for these ancient people to cultivate, however, and a combination of overharvesting, wars and habitat loss cause the plant to become extinct by the end of the first or second centuries of the Common Era. As supplies of the resin grew harder and harder to get, it was supplanted by asafetida from Central Asia.Other spices traded along the Silk Road are used almost exclusively in African cuisines today – although their use was common until the middle of the first millennium in Europe and Asia. African pepper, Moor pepper or negro pepper is one such spice. Called kieng in the cuisines of Western Africa where it is still widely used, it has a sharp flavor that is bitter and flavorful at the same time –sort of like a combination of black pepper and nutmeg. It also adds a bit of heat to dishes for a pungent taste. Its use extends across central Africa and it is also found in Ethiopian cuisines. When smoked, as it often is in West Africa before use, this flavor deepens and becomes smoky and develops a black cardamom-like flavor. By the middle of the 16th Century, the use and trade of negro pepper in Europe, Western and Southern Asia had waned in favor of black pepper importsfrom India and chili peppers from the New World.Traditional Chinese ShipGrains of paradise, Melegueta pepper, or alligator pepper is another Silk Road Spice that has vanished from modern Asian and European food but is still used in Western and Northern Africa and is an important cash crop in some areas of Ethiopia. Native to Africa’s West Coast its use seems to have originated in or around modern Ghana and was shipped to Silk Road trade in Eastern Africa or to Mediterranean ports. Fashionable in the cuisines of early Renaissance Europe its use slowly waned until the 18th Century when it all but vanished from European markets and was supplanted by cardamom and other spices flowing out of Asia to the rest of the world.The trade of spices from Africa to the rest of the world was generally accomplished by a complex network of merchants working the ports and cities of the Silk Road. Each man had a defined, relatively bounded territory that he traded in to allow for lots of traders to make a good living moving goods and ideas around the world along local or regional. But occasionally, great explorers accomplished the movement of goods across several continents and cultures.Although not African, the Chinese Muslim explorer Zheng He deserves special mention as one of these great cultural diplomats and entrepreneurs. In the early 15th Century he led seven major sea-faring expeditions from China across Indonesia and several Indian Ocean ports to Africa. Surely, Chinese ships made regular visits to Silk Road ports from about the 12th Century on, but when Zheng came, he came leading huge armadas of ships that the world had never seen before and wouldn’t see again for several centuries. Zheng came in force, intending to display China’s greatness to the world and bring the best goods from the rest of the world back to China. Zheng came eventually to Africa where he left laden with spices for cooking and medicine, wood and ivory and hordes of animals. It may be hard for us who are now accustomed to the world coming on command to their desktops to imagine what a miracle it must have been for the citizens of Nanjing to see the parade of animals from Zheng’s cultural Ark. But try we must to imagine the wonder brought by the parade of giraffes, zebra and ostriches marching down Chinese streets so long ago –because then we can begin to imagine the importance of the Silk Road in shaping the world.。
第九届“郑州大学—《英语世界》杯”翻译大赛英译汉原文The Whoomper FactorBy Nathan Cobb【1】As this is being written, snow is falling in the streets of Boston in what weather forecasters like to call “record amounts.” I would guess by looking out the window that we are only a few hours from that magic moment of paralysis, as in Storm Paralyzes Hub. Perhaps we are even due for an Entire Region Engulfed or a Northeast Blanketed, but I will happily settle for mere local disablement. And the more the merrier.【1】写这个的时候，波士顿的街道正下着雪，天气预报员将称其为“创纪录的量”。
从窗外望去，我猜想，过不了几个小时，神奇的瘫痪时刻就要来临，就像《风暴瘫痪中心》里的一样。
也许我们甚至能够见识到《吞没整个区域》或者《茫茫东北》里的场景，然而仅仅部分地区的瘫痪也能使我满足。
当然越多越使人开心。
【2】Some people call them blizzards, others nor’easters. My own term is whoompers, and I freely admit looking forward to them as does a baseball fan to April. Usually I am disappointed, however; because tonight’s storm warnings too often turn into tomorrow’s light flurries.【2】有些人称它们为暴风雪，其他人称其为东北风暴。
第六届“英语世界杯”翻译大赛原文、译文及评析第一篇：第六届“英语世界杯”翻译大赛原文、译文及评析第六届“《英语世界》杯”翻译大赛原文A Garden That Welcomes StrangersBy Allen LacyI do not know what became of her, and I never learned her name.But I feel that I knew her from the garden she had so lovingly made over many decades.The house she lived in lies two miles from mine –a simple, two-story structure with the boxy plan, steeply-pitched roof and unadorned lines that are typical of houses built in the middle of the nineteenth century near the New Jersey shore.Her garden was equally simple.She was not a conventional gardener who did everything by the book, following the common advice to vary her plantings so there would be something in bloom from the first crocus in the spring to the last chrysanthemum in the fall.She had no respect for the rule that says that tall-growing plants belong at the rear of a perennial border, low ones in the front and middle-sized ones in the middle, with occasional exceptions for dramatic accent.In her garden, everything was accent, everything was tall, and the evidence was plain that she loved three kinds of plant and three only: roses, clematis and lilies, intermingled promiscuously to pleasant effect but no apparent design.She grew a dozen sorts of clematis, perhaps 50 plants in all, trained and tied so that they clambered up metal rods, each rod crowned intermittently throughout the summer by a rounded profusion of large blossoms of dark purple, rich crimson, pale lavender, light blue and gleaming white.Her taste in roses was old-fashioned.There wasn’t a single modern hybrid tea rose or floribunda insight.Instead, she favored the roses of other ages – the York and Lancaster rose, the cabbage rose, the damask and the rugosa rose in several varieties.She propagated her roses herself from cuttings stuck directly in the ground and protected by upended gallon jugs.Lilies, I believe were her greatest love.Except for some Madonna lilies it is impossible to name them, since the wooden flats stood casually here and there in the flower bed, all thickly planted with dark green lily seedlings.The occasional paper tag fluttering from a seed pod with the date and record of a cross showed that she was an amateur hybridizer with some special fondness for lilies of a warm muskmelon shade or a pale lemon yellow.She believed in sharing her garden.By her curb there was a sign: “This is my garden, and you are welcome here.Take whatever you wish with your eyes, but nothing with your hand.”Until five years ago, her garden was always immaculately tended, the lawn kept fertilized and mowed, the flower bed free of weeds, the tall lilies carefully staked.But then something happened.I don’t know what it was, but the lawn was mowed less frequently, then not at all.Tall grass invaded the roses, the clematis, the lilies.The elm tree in her front yard sickened and died, and when a coastal gale struck, the branches that fell were never removed.With every year, the neglect has grown worse.Wild honeysuckle and bittersweet run rampant in the garden.Sumac, ailanthus, poison ivy and other uninvited things threaten the few lilies and clematis and roses that still struggle for st year the house itself went dead.The front door was padlocked and the windows covered with sheets of plywood.For many months there has been a for sale sign out front, replacing the sign inviting strangers to share her garden.I drive by that house almost daily and have been tempted to loada shovel in my car trunk, stop at her curb and rescue a few lilies from the smothering thicket of weeds.The laws of trespass and the fact that her house sits across the street from a police station have given me the cowardice to resist temptation.But her garden has reminded me of mortality;gardeners and the gardens they make are fragile things, creatures of time, hostages to chance and to st week, the for sale sign out front came down and the windows were unboarded.A crew of painters arrived and someone cut down the dead elm tree.This morning there was a moving van in the driveway unloading a swing set, a barbecue grill, a grand piano and a houseful of sensible furniture.A young family is moving into that house.I hope that among their number is a gardener whose special fondness for old roses and clematis and lilies will see to it that all else is put aside until that flower bed is restored to something of its former self.(选自 Patterns: A Short Prose Reader, by Mary Lou Conlin, published by Houghton Mifflin Company, 1983.)参考译文一座向陌生人敞开的花园文/〔美〕艾伦·莱西译/曹明伦我并不知晓她当时的境遇，也从未听说过她的姓名，但我觉得我曾了解她，因为她精心照料过数十年的那座花园。
我不知道她都经历过什么，我也不曾知晓她的名字。
但是我知道我是因为她的花园才认识她的，她已经悉心经营了数十年的花园。
她住的居房子离我家两英里远，是一个简单的、两层的四四方方的小楼，陡峭的屋顶和未装饰的边缘，典型的十九世纪中期新泽西海岸附近的建筑风格。
她的花园也是同样的简单。
她不像其他园丁一样一切都按照书上写的、听着别人的建议来把照看不同的花朵，来让第一朵番红花在春天绽放知道最后一朵菊花在秋天凋落。
她从不在意种植植物的规则，本该把高个的植物种在多年生植物的后面，矮个的植物种在前面，中等个的种在中间，她只是偶尔注意一下不得不注意的重点。
在她的花园里，一切都有着自己的样子，一切都很高，并且可以明显看出来她喜欢三种植物，而且只喜欢三种：玫瑰、铁线莲、百合。
她们交错地种在一起，看起来十分漂亮，但是明显不是经过刻意设计的。
她种了好多种铁线莲，大概一共有50株，整理有序缠绕到一起，一起绕着金属柱子往上爬。
整个夏天，柱子被不停地带上各种颜色的插满鲜花的皇冠，暗紫色，深红色，淡粉色，浅蓝色和亮白色。
她欣赏玫瑰的品味似乎停留在了过去，园子里没有一株杂交香水月季，也没有一株丰花月季。
她喜欢的是其它年代的玫瑰，像约克和兰开斯特玫瑰，洋蔷薇，大马士革蔷薇，和其它不同品种的玫瑰。
她自己给玫瑰授粉，直接剪掉土里面部分的刺，还盖上罐子来保护她们。
百合花，我相信这是她最喜欢的。
一些木板随意地这一块那一块地插在花坛上，每一块都密集地种上了深绿色的百合花苗，于是除了一些圣母百合，别的我都叫不上她们的名字。
偶尔看到的种荚上的一张飘动的标签，记录着日期和杂家的品种，这都告诉我她是一个外行的杂交园丁，对于暖甜瓜色调和淡淡的柠檬黄有着情有独钟的喜爱。
她相信应该和陌生人分享自己的花园。
在她花园的路边有一块牌子，上面写着：“这是我的花园，欢迎来到这里。
尽情欣赏这里的一切，但是请留住美丽。
”直到五年前，她都悉心照顾花园，草坪不断地施肥、被修剪的整整齐齐，花坛里没有一点杂草，高个的百合都精细地绑在木桩上。
英汉翻译大赛征文英文原稿Heavenly Fears of DyingEveryone wants to go to Heaven, but nobody wants to die. Elijah was taken there in a fiery chariot, but that's pretty much it. Even Jesus and His mother had to die before they were brought into Heaven, body and soul. The rest of us, apparently, also will have to die before meeting our final reward.Most people spend a lot of time avoiding the idea of death. A friend has been fighting cancer for six years. She recently decided--enough. No more endless rounds of experimental chemotherapy and the resulting sickness. There is a window for some decent quality of life, and then she knows she will die. Her family is resisting--has been resisting--for years now. They do not want to face death, and if it means she has to suffer longer, that is a price they are prepared to let her pay.Parents without wills or plans for their progeny think you are morbid if you suggest it might be prudent to make arrangements. Middle-aged people express surprise when someone as young as they inexplicably appears in the obituaries. Many elderly people, with long and rich lives, are reluctant to make the emotional and spiritual preparations necessary for psychological health at the end of life.Coping with death is just one slice of the pie. Ease and bliss--a shallow feint at heaven on earth--conflict with troublesome details, such as effort and sacrifice. Substance abuse, theft, and the epidemic bitterness encouraged against successful people are baser versions of the same desire: ecstasy without the agony. When then-candidate Barack Obama suggested to Joe the Plumber that the fruits of Joe's labor ought to be "spread around" like orange marmalade on toast, there ought to have been a collective gasp sufficient to create a vacuum effect over the country. At least Mr. Obama was forthright about his intentions; many others harbor the same notion but have neither the weapons nor the personnel necessary to execute it.Humans are programmed to seek pleasure. One of our neurotransmitters, dopamine, enjoys a particularly intimate relationship with thrills. Dopamine is part of the electro-chemical charge of falling in love, winning at gambling, and excitement in general. The dopamine system evolves across the life span. Small children experience countless rushes--everything's wonderful! Snow! School! A snow day! Adults whose brains are unspoiled by drugs are barely moderated versions of children in this regard: Sunset! Sunrise! Sex! Steak! Cake! Teenagers, however, go through a phase where their dopamine systems, to put it crudely, either are flatlining or mainlining: any experience is boring, boring, boooooring, or a complete high. This, plus brain changes related to executive function development, comprise a considerable source of the notorious stupidity of adolescence. The fiat-line phenomenon is not unique to teens: dopamine receptors are among several known neurotransmitters' receptors that can be burned out by stimulants such as Ritalin, other amphetamines, and cocaine. Possibly, many drug abusers suffer actual chemical ennui due to neural exhaustion and neurotransmitter depletion. The end result, however, speaks to the preliminary problem of wanting a thrill without working for it.Change requires rewiring the brain--literally. Learning may occur in a single event, but generally the hardwiring of neural development is slower. If the desired change provokes temper tantrums in the pleasure-seeking dopamine system, it is prudent to plan for roadblocks, setbacks, and the interference of those near and dear to us. It is an essential strategy, because brain physiology and chemistry often are set up in opposition to change, even change that is good for us.An acquaintance recently remarked that it was time get religious about his health. He is not atypical: he fancies himself too busy to eat properly, although not too busy to eat out most nights. A normal schedule justifies insufficient time for consistent exercise, etc. Implicit assumptions bespoke trouble. First was the apparent perception that making new choices was something static: that the better choices made at 39 would suit at 49, 60, or 75. He seemed oblivious to the many variables linked to the behavior he wanted to change. What friendships revolve around dining out or a few beers after work? What daily conversations concern the television shows he will miss if he spends an hour at the gym? Who--romantic partner, cat, or employer--will feel cheated if he carves out time for his new routine? He was unprepared for the fluidity of life and the challenges that make psychological shock absorbers so helpful. Finally, one of the high-grade psychological shock absorbers--accepting that emotions sometimes merely are marginally interesting information, not a compass--was missing. Being committed to an exercise program does not cause one to "feel like" rolling out of bed for a run in the sleet. At some point, the "feeling" must be treated as little more than a buzzing mosquito in the panoply of brain activity.He envisions grocery shopping and cooking fresh meals from scratch but, without strategies to cope with subtle details, change will be more excruciating than necessary. He either will learn to keep a running list of items for grocery shopping, or shop nearly daily. The latter is as much a time killer as dining out can be. Cooking sounds good until the night that either takeout or a bowl of cereal over the sink are the best options because it has been a hellish day and what he planned last weekend intersects with working three hours late on Wednesday night. Then there is the appestat adjustment: a grilled chicken breast and crisp green salad are not as filling as a burger and fries. Hunger, or a lack of fullness, will be one of his new friends. That is good; he will need friends. His other friends will gripe because he's never around; they will make plans without him; eventually, he will have to choose between workouts and his social circle.We cannot experience true life without acknowledging death. Childbirth is painful; meaningful friendships require effort; and a rich spiritual life takes time, too. We resist facing the inevitable: bliss requires suffering. Everyone wants to go to heaven, but nobody wants to die.Dolores T. Puterbaugh, American Thought Editor of USA Today, is a psychotherapist in private practice in Largo, Fla.。
大赛原文一：The central figure in the story, the satanic Dr Mallako, lives in Mortlake, where he wreaks havoc on the lives of his respectable suburban neighbors by encouraging them to develop to the full the less respectable sides of their nature: the destructive jealousies, hatreds and ambitions, which previously they have kept hidden and unexpressed and the existence of which they have denied even to themselves. The nameless narrator of the story is a scientist, who, seeing what has become of his neighbors under the influence of Dr Mallako, tries to resist the strange urge he himself has t o become one of the doctor‟s clients. In an effort to shake off what he feels to be an insane and dangerous obsession with Dr Mallako, he plunges himself feverishly into “a very abstruse scientific investigation”. But it is no good. Driven underground, the urge yet remains, and the doctor appears to him in his nightmares: “Each night I would wake in a cold sweat, hearing the ghostly voice saying …COME!‟”故事的主人公，邪恶的马拉科医生住在莫特莱克庄园，在那里他肆意地蹂躏着那些普通郊区居民的生活，怂恿他们暴露出自身本性的每一面：阴暗的猜忌心，仇恨和野心，而此前他们只是深埋于心从未表露，甚至对自己否认其存在。
汉译英参赛原文矛盾的福建福建是名副其实的山地省，福建的山连绵不断，至海未绝。
福建的山地加丘陵，占到全省面积的90% 多。
但福建的特殊性在于它还是一个海洋省，是中国最具海洋文明精神的一个省。
福建海洋文明的发育，也和福建的山地有关，正是这些大山，阻碍了福建与中原的联系，面向大海寻找出路是福建的最好选择。
福建的山地直逼入海，或者说大海入侵，直抵山脚，造成了福建的海岸水深崖陡，岸线曲折，海湾、海岛众多。
这是中国也是世界上最好的海岸，最适合建设大的港口，停靠大船。
但是很遗憾，造物主给了福建最适合建造港口的海岸，却没有给它与之相配的腹地。
这是福建的第一个矛盾。
福建的矛盾还有许多。
破碎的山地，高大的山脉，造成了封闭；曲折的海岸，优良的港湾，又哺育了福建人面向大海的开放意识。
这就是福建的又一个矛盾。
闽西客家人聚族而居的土楼与厦门鼓浪屿上那一幢幢有着希腊式廊柱的洋房是这个矛盾最好的注脚。
理解福建不仅要了解福建的矛盾性，还要理解福建的两极性。
福建在矛盾对立的两方都趋向极端。
比如海洋文明，福建比中国滨海的其他省区要发达得多，我觉得，如果把海洋文明理解为面对大海无所畏惧，敢于向海外移民和敢于出海通番经商的话，福建人就是中国最敢闯海的人。
福建人是最早“下南洋” 、“闯东洋”的，东南亚遍布祖籍是福建的人；福建人又是最早出海做生意的人。
有人说广州人是“坐商，”自古就会招天下人来广州开“广交会”，而福建人是“行商，”自古就会乘着季风驾着帆船“下南洋”。
《福布斯》杂志曾刊出全球前十大华人富豪，其中四人祖籍是福建。
福建籍的华侨有1000 多万，分布在五大洲一百多个国家和地区。
但如果我们说福建的文化是面向大海的开放的海洋文明，立刻就会招来反对，因为中华的传统文化在福建根基牢固，被保存得十分完好。
因为破碎化的山地，格子状的水系，造成了一个个割据的语言孤岛，一块块格子状的文化飞地，因此中华文化在这些孤岛和飞地中避免了被同化的命运。
许多古老的文化，到了福建破碎的山地中，就像化石一样被保留了下来。
第六届卡西欧翻译大赛englishMarrying AbsurdJoan DidionTo be married in Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada, a bride must swear that she is eighteen or has parental permission and a bride-groom that he is twenty-one or has parental permission. Someone must put up five dollars for the license. (On Sundays and holidays, fifteen dollars. The Clark County Courthouse issues marriage licenses at any time of the day or night except between noon and one in the afternoon, between eight and nine in the evening, and between four and five in the morning.) Nothing else is required. The State of Nevada, alone among these United States, demands neither a premarital blood test nor a waiting period before or after the issuance of a marriage license. Driving in across the Mojave from Los Angeles, one sees the signs way out on the desert, looming up from that moonscape of rattlesnakes and mesquite, even before the Las Vegas lights appear like a mirage on the horizon: “GE TTING MARRIED? Free License Information First Strip Exit.” Perhaps the Las Vegas wedding industry achieved its peak operational efficiency between 9:00 p.m. and midnight of August 26,1965, an otherwise unremarkable Thursday which happened to be, by Presidential order, the last day on which anyone could improve his draft status merely by getting married. One hundred and seventy-one couples were pronounced man and wife in the name of Clark County and the State of Nevada that night, sixty-seven of them by a single justice of the peace, Mr. James A. Brennan. Mr. Brennan did one wedding at the Dunes and the other sixty-six in his office, and charged each couple eight dollars. One bride lenther veilto six others. “I got it down from five to three minutes,” Mr.B rennan said later of his feat. “I could’ve married them en masse, but they’re people, not cattle. People expect more when they get married.”What people who get married in Las Vegas actually do expect—what, in the largest sense, their “expectations” are—strikes one as a curious and self—contradictory business. Las Vegas is the most extreme and allegorical of American settlements, bizarre and beautiful in its venality and in its devotion to immediate gratification, a place the tone of which is set by mobster s and call girls and ladies’ room attendants with amyl nitrite poppers in their uniform pockets. Almost everyone notes that there is no “time” in Las Vegas, no night and no day and no past and no future (no Las Vegas casino, however, has taken the obliteration of the ordinary time sense quite so far as Harold’s Club in Reno, which for a while issued, at odd intervals in the day and night, mimeographed “bulletins” carrying news from the world outside); neither is there any logical sense of where one is. One is standing on a highway in the middle of a vast hostile desert looking at an eighty-foot sign which blinks “STARDUST” or “CAESAR’S PALACE.” Yes, but what does that explain? This geographical implausibility reinforces the sense that what happens there has no connection with “real” life; Nevada cities like Reno and Carson are ranch towns, Western towns, places behind which there is some historical imperative. But Las Vegas seems to exist only in the eye of the beholder. All of which makes it an extraordinarily stimulating and interesting place, but an odd one in which to want to wear a candlelight satin Priscilla of Boston wedding dress with Chantilly lace insets,tapered sleeves and a detachable modified train.And yet the Las Vegas wedding business seems to appeal to precisely that impulse. “Sincere and Dignified Since 1954,” one wedding chape l advertises. There are nineteen such wedding chapels in Las Vegas, intensely competitive, each offering better, faster, and, by implication, more sincere services than the next: Our Photos Best Anywhere, Your Wedding on APhonograph Record, Candlelight with Your Ceremony, Honeymoon Accommodations, Free Transportation from Your Motel to Courthouse to Chapel and Return to Motel, Religious or Civil Ceremonies, Dressing Rooms, Flowers, Rings, Announcements, Witnesses Available, and Ample Parking. All of these services, like most others in Las Vegas (sauna baths, payroll-check cashing, chinchilla coats for sale or rent) are offered twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, presumably on the premise that marriage, like craps, is a game to be played when the table seems hot.But what strikes one most about the Strip chapels, with their wishing wells and stained-glass paper windows and their artificial bouvardia, is that so much of their business is by no means a matter of simple convenience, of late-night liaisons between show girls and baby Crosbys. Of course there is some of that. (One night about eleven o’clock in Las Vegas I watched a bride in an orange minidress and masses of flame-colored hair stumble from a Strip chapel on the arm of her bridegroom, who looked the part of the expendable nephew in movies like Miami Syndicate. “I gotta get the kids,” the bride whimpered. “I gotta pick up the sitter, I gotta get to the midn ight show.” “What you gotta get,” the bridegroom said, opening the door of a Cadillac Cou pe de Ville and watching her crumple on the seat, “issober.”) But Las Vegas seems to offer something other than “convenience”; it is merchandising “niceness,” the fa csimile of proper ritual, to children who do not know how else to find it, how to make the arrangements, how to do it “right.” All day and evening long on the Strip, one sees actual wedding parties, waiting under the harsh lights at a crosswalk, standing uneasily in the parking lot of the Frontier while the photographer hired by The Little Chur ch of the West (“Wedding Place of the Stars”) certifies the occasion, takes the picture: the bride in a veil and white satin pumps, the bridegroomusually in a white dinner jacket, and even an attendant or two, a sister or a best friend in hot-pink peau de soie, a flirtation veil, a carnation nosegay. “When I Fall in love It Will Be Forever,” the organist plays, and then a few bars of Lohengrin. The mother cries; the stepfather, awkward in his role, invites the chapel hostess to join them for a drink at the Sands. The hostess declines with a professional smile; she has already transferred her interest to the group waiting outside. One bride out, another in, and again t he sign goes up on the chapel door: “One moment please—Wedding.”I sat next to one such wedding party in a Strip restaurant the last time I was in Las Vegas. The marriage had just taken place; the bride still wore her dress, the mother her corsage. A bored waiter poured out a few swallows of pink champagne (“on the house”) for everyone but the b ride, who was too young to be served. “You’ll need something with more kick than that,” the bride’s father said with heavy jocularity to his new son-in-law; the ritual jokes about the wedding night had a certain Panglossian character, since the bride was clearly several months pregnant. Another round of pink champagne, this time not onthe house, and the bride began to cry. “It was just as nice,” she sobbed, “as I hoped and dreamed it would be.”。
第六届英语周报杯英语读写能力作文Nowadays, more comfortable as life is than before, it’s impossible for it to be fair to everyone, so learning to live well and being a strong man in life are more important than anything else.If life made you hurt, how would you feel and what would you do? Sadly, it’s often reported that some people just commit suicide because of a little set-back. In fact, so precious is life that we can’t afford to waste it. Thus, learning to live well is very necessary. And of course, we have so many effective ways to achieve it. First, we ought to show an optimistic attitude towards difficulties, which does us much good. We’ll unavoidably meet with various difficulties from time to time. Maintaining the optimistic mood, we’ll face then bravely and neve r give up easily. Besides, we must believe in ourselves. On no account can we ignore the valve of belief. If Hawking didn’t have a certain kind of belief, there is no doubt that he would never know about the mysteries of the universe. For us, with the optimistic mood and the confidence, not only can we know well what life is like, we will also not complain but learn to live a wonderful life. Without these, everything would become a castle in the air. Be more optimistic and confident!It’s known to us all th at we have got so many things from our parents, our friends as well as from the society. So, it’s our duty to do something for them. Only in this way can we show our thanks for them.And being grateful is the traditional virtue of Chinese nation. Not only can we help others in trouble, but also we can do some contribution to the society. It is universally acknowledged that the more we do, the more happiness we will get. If we always possess a heart filled with thanks, we’ll never feel lonely or helpless. Wh at an important thing it is to be thankful!From where I stand, we should appreciate what life brings to us, whatever it is. Above all, to achieve it, we should set a goal and spend the entire life struggling for it. We know it is goals that give us the power to make sure that we have enough confidence to succeed. And working hard all the life provides an access to success.From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that life will become easier, if we smile at all, whenever possible. If so, everything will be more beautiful, we’ll live better and we’ll become a strong man in life, you know, the strong shall strive continuously to be strong.。
A Garden That Welcomes StrangersBy Allen LacyI do not know what became of her, and I never learned her name. But I feel that I knew her from the garden she had so lovingly made over many decades.The house she lived in lies two miles from mine – a simple, two-story structure with the boxy plan, steeply-pitched roof and unadorned lines that are typical of houses built in the middle of the nineteenth century near the New Jersey shore.Her garden was equally simple. She was not a conventional gardener who did everything by the book, following the common advice to vary her plantings so there would be something in bloom from the first crocus in the spring to the last chrysanthemum in the fall. She had no respect for the rule that says that tall-growing plants belong at the rear of a perennial border, low ones in the front and middle-sized ones in the middle, with occasional exceptions for dramatic accent.In her garden, everything was accent, everything was tall, and the evidence was plain that she loved three kinds of plant and three only: roses, clematis and lilies, intermingled promiscuously to pleasant effect but no apparent design.She grew a dozen sorts of clematis, perhaps 50 plants in all, trained and tied so that they clambered up metal rods, each rod crowned intermittently throughout the summer by a rounded profusion of large blossoms of dark purple, rich crimson, pale lavender, light blue and gleaming white.Her taste in roses was old-fashioned. There wasn’t a single modern hybrid tea rose or floribunda in sight. Instead, she favored the roses of other ages – the York and Lancaster rose, the cabbage rose, the damask and the rugosa rose in several varieties. She propagated her roses herself from cuttings stuck directly in the ground and protected by upended gallon jugs.Lilies, I believe were her greatest love. Except for some Madonna lilies it is impossible to name them, since the wooden flats stood casually here and there in the flower bed, all thickly planted with dark green lily seedlings. The occasional paper tag fluttering from a seed pod with the date and record of a cross showed that she was an amateur hybridizer with some special fondness for lilies of a warm muskmelon shade or a pale lemon yellow.She believed in sharing her garden. By her curb t here was a sign: “This is my garden, and you are welcome here. Take whatever you wish with your eyes, but nothing with your hand.”Until five years ago, her garden was always immaculately tended, the lawn kept fertilized and mowed, the flower bed free of weeds, the tall lilies carefully staked. But then something happened. I don’t know what it was, but the lawn was mowed less frequently, then not at all. Tall grass invaded the roses, the clematis, the lilies. The elm tree in her front yard sickened and died, and when a coastal gale struck, the branches that fell were never removed.With every year, the neglect has grown worse. Wild honeysuckle and bittersweet run rampant in the garden. Sumac, ailanthus, poison ivy and other uninvited things threaten the few lilies and clematis and roses that still struggle for survival.Last year the house itself went dead. The front door was padlocked and the windows covered with sheets of plywood. For many months there has been a for sale sign out front, replacing the sign inviting strangers to share her garden.I drive by that house almost daily and have been tempted to load a shovel in my car trunk, stop at her curb and rescue a few lilies from the smothering thicket of weeds. The laws of trespass and the fact that her house sits across the street from a police station have given me the cowardice to resist temptation. But her garden has reminded me of mortality; gardeners and the gardens theymake are fragile things, creatures of time, hostages to chance and to decay.Last week, the for sale sign out front came down and the windows were unboarded. A crew of painters arrived and someone cut down the dead elm tree. This morning there was a moving van in the driveway unloading a swing set, a barbecue grill, a grand piano and a houseful of sensible furniture. A young family is moving into that house.I hope that among their number is a gardener whose special fondness for old roses and clematis and lilies will see to it that all else is put aside until that flower bed is restored to something of its former self.(选自Patterns: A Short Prose Reader, by Mary Lou Conlin, published by Houghton Mifflin Company, 1983.)。
