北航研究生英语外教课展示Death Penalty in America

Unit OneI.Lead-in1.Movie Clip律政俏佳人Legally Blonde（2001）见/v_show/id_XMTg3NzYxNDA=.html 24分40秒开始到27分45秒台词：(Prof. for Professor Stromwell)Prof.: A legal education means you will learn... to speak in a new language. You will be taught to achieve insight... into the world around you... and to sharply question what you know. The seat you havepicked will be yours... for the next nine months of your life. And those of you in the front row...beware. "The law is reason free from passion." Does anyone know who spoke those immortalwords?－Yes?Boy: Aristotle.Prof.: Are you sure?Boy: Yes.Prof.: Would you be willing to stake your life on it?Boy: I think so.Prof.: What about his life?Boy: I don't know.Prof.: Well, I recommend knowing before speaking. The law leaves much room for interpretation... but very little for self-doubt. And you were right. And you were right. It was Aristotle.Girl: Good job.Prof.: Now, I assume all of you have read pages 1-48... and are now well-versed in subject matter jurisdiction. Who can tell us about Gordon vs. Steele? Let's call on someone from the hot zone. Elle Woods?Elle: Um…Actually, I wasn't aware that we had an assignment.Prof.: Vivian Kensington. Do you think it's acceptable that Ms. Woods is not prepared?Vivian: Oh…No. I don't.Prof.: Would you support my decision to ask her to leave class... and to return only when she is prepared? Vivian: Absolutely.Notes（点击黑体部分单词，自动分别显示以下注释）1)insight: ability to see into the true nature (of sth.); deep understandinge.g.: The article gives us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.2)beware: (only in imperative and infinitive)used to warn someone to be careful because something isdangerous.e.g.: He told us to beware (of pickpockets, the dog, icy roads).3)free from: not controlled by; withoute.g.: Newspapers today are entirely free from government control.4)passion: strong feeling, e.g., of hate, love or angere.g.: He spoke with much passion about the importance of art and literature.5)immortal: famous for ever; that will be remembered for evere.g.: Bruce Lee is an immortal figure in Chinese kung fu.6)stake: gamble o r risk (money, one’s hopes, one’s life, etc.) on sthe.g.: Kevin is staking his reputation on the success of the project.7)…leaves much room for interpretation: 为阐释留下了许多空间e.g.: The evidence was clear, and there was little room for doubt.8)well-versed: knowing a lot about somethinge.g.: Steve is well-versed in many styles of jazz.9)subject matter jurisdiction: the authority of a court to hear cases of a particular type or cases relating to aspecific subject matter. For instance, bankruptcy court has the authority to only hear bankruptcy cases. 主旨管辖权jurisdiction: the authority to carry out justice and to interpret and apply laws; the right to exercise legal authority 司法；司法权e.g.: The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country.10)absolutely: completely; unconditionallye.g.: There is absolutely no difference!（在下一页面展示问题）Questions:1. Why does Prof. Stromwell ask the boy student to stake his life on the source of the quote?（点击显示Because Prof. Stromwell tries to emphasize the importance of precision in law.）2. Do you think that teachers should ask students to leave the classroom if they are not prepared for the class? Why or why not?（点击显示Open question.）（这道题为open question，供学生讨论，不设参考答案）2. Inspirational QuoteThere are few earthly things more beautiful than a university a place where those who hate ignorance may strive to know, where those who perceive truth may strive to make others see.－John MasefieldQuestion:What does this quote bring to your mind? What are your expectations when you came to university?NGUAGE STRUCTURE PRACTICELanguage Structures1. This is called a pencil sharpener in English.2. The tableware has already been cleaned.3. I was invited to the party the other day.4. A lecture on stamp-collecting will be given tomorrow week.Description of LSPLSP I （点击进入LSP I对应的练习部分）Identifying and asking somebody to identify an objectLSP II（点击进入LSP II对应的练习部分）Inquiring whether something has been done and who did itLSP III （点击进入LSP III对应的练习部分）Inquiring what somebody was asked to do on a certain occasionLSP IV （点击进入LSP IV对应的练习部分）Asking for information about something which has been postponedPreparatory Questions1．About languages spoken in different places1)What language is spoken in the UK?2)Is English spoken in the United States?3)In what other countries is English spoken? （点击鼠标后显示Australia、Canada、New Zealand, etc.）4)Do you know if English was spoken in America six hundred years ago?（点击鼠标后显示No. At that time there were no English-speaking peoples in America.）5)Is English spoken in and out of class in our department?6)Do you think English will be spoken by more and more people in the world?2．Questions about great historical/current events:1)When was the New Continent discovered by Christopher Columbus? (点击鼠标后显示In1492.)2)When was the Declaration of Independence of the USA adopted? (点击鼠标后显示In 1776.)3)Can you tell when the former Soviet Union was founded? (点击鼠标后显示In 1917.)4)When was Hong Kong returned to China? (点击鼠标后显示In 1997.)5)When and where will the next Olympic Games be held? (点击鼠标后显示In London, UK, in2012.)LSP I （本部分请录音）I. Cues:A: What’s this called in E nglish? B: It’s called a pencil sharpener.（点击后显示注释1）A: What is it made of?（点击后显示注释2）B:（点击后显示It’s made of metal.）A: （点击后显示Where is it sold?）B: It’s sold at the stationer’s.（点击后显示What is it used for?）B: It’s used for sharpening pencils.Notes：1.―What’s this called in English?‖ ―It’s called a pencil sharpener.‖点击后分段显示The italicized verb phrases are in the passive voice. The passive voice is used when the agent is not emphasized. The agent may be unimportant or unknown, so it is not mentioned in the sentence.When the person who does it appears in a passive sentence, it is placed in a by-phase. c.f.,1)Smoking is prohibited in the warehouse.2)Our classroom is cleaned everyday by two students on duty.The passive sentences given above are all in the simple present tense; the passive verb phase is structured as be + past participle.2.What is it made of?Here is an example of an active verb phrase, make of, transformed into the passive form; the verb phrase made of cannot be split.下一页显示：B.C. Let’s do some substitution practice.D. Now let’s do some variations of sentence structure by following the sample . Sample:A: Is a record player also called a phonograph in America? B: Yes, it is.A: Is it made of wood?B: No, it isn’t. It’s made of metal and plastics.A: Is it sold at a hardware shop or a department store? B: At a department store.A: Is it used for recording sound or for reproducing sound from records? B: For reproducing sound from records.下一页显示：LSP II （本部分请录音） II. Cues:Alan and Betty Jones are giving a dinner party in the evening. They are now talking about the preparations they have made for the party. John and Susan are their children.（（点击sponge cake，显示：a very light cake with tiny holes and made from flour, eggs, and sometimes fat）（点击cellar，显示：storage space where wines are stored）（点击mown，显示：to cut the grass of a lawn with a knife or a machine called the mower）A. Listening to the recordingA. Has the tableware been cleaned yet?（点击蓝色部分显示注释1）B: （点击后显示Yes, it has.）A: Who cleaned the tableware today?B:（点击后显示John did, of course.）Notes：Has the tableware been cleaned yet?– In a passive sentence in the present perfect tense, the verb phrase is structured as have/has been + past participle.B. Let’s do some substitution practice.C. Now let’s do some variations of sentence structure by following the sample.Sample:A:The table has been set, has n’t it?B:Yes, it has.A:Who did it, Susan or Betty?B:Susan did it today.LSP III. （本部分请录音）III. Cues:There was a party for foreign students at the International Club three days ago. Many foreign students were invited to the party and asked to give a short performance of some kind. The students are talking about the party now.c.f.: The magician conjured a rabbit out of his hat.）（点击cross talk，显示：相声）A. Listening to the recordingA: Were you invited to the party the other day, Joan?B: （点击后显示：Yes, I was.）（点击the other day，显示：The other day means ―some days ago‖. ）c.f.: You will be invited to Mr. Johnson’s party some day (on a certain day in the future).A: Were you asked to do anything?B: （点击后显示：Yes, I was asked to tell a joke.)A: （点击后显示：Françoise and Hans were asked to perform a folk dance, weren’t they?）B: No, they weren’t.A: （点击后显示：What were they asked to do?)B: They were asked to sing a duet.（点击duet，显示：A duet is a piece of music for two voices or for two players.c.f.: Joan was asked to sing a solo. Françoise and Hans were asked to sing a duet.）Notes：1.Many foreign students were invited… and asked to give a short performance of some kind.1)What is the tense of the italicized passive verb phrase? How is it structured?2)The object complement to give a short performance… becomes the subject complement when theactive sentence is transformed into a passive sentence.3)give a short performance of some kind –The Chinese equivalent is ―表演一个随便什么样的小节目‖.B. Let’s do some s ubstitution practice.C. Now let’s do some variations of sentence structure by following the sample.Sample:A: The table has been set, hasn’t it? `B: Yes, it has.A: Who did it, Susan or Betty?B: Susan did it today.LSP IV（本部分请录音）IV. Cues:1)A: Isn’t there a lecture on stamp-collecting now?B: (点击后显示：No, it has been postponed.)A: When will it be given?B: (点击后显示：Tomorrow week/a week from tomorrow.)2)A: (点击后显示：Why isn’t there anybody here?)B: Because the folk music concert has been called off.A: (点击后显示：Has it? Will it be given some other time?)B: Yes, a week on Sunday/a week from Sunday.（点击（点击semantics，显示：Semantics is a branch of the science of linguistics known to connect with the meaning of words.）（点击premiere，显示：A premiere is the first public performance of a play or movie.c.f.: A new UK film had its premiere at the grand theatre.)（点击acrobatic，显示：An acrobatic movement or display involves difficult physical acts such as jumping and balancing, especially in a circus.c.f.: The audience applauded at the excellent acrobatic performance.)（点击recital，显示：A recital is a performance of music or poetry, usually given by one person.）C.Let’s do some s ubstitution practice.D.Now let’s do some variations of sentence structure by following the samples.Samples:1.A: Do you know that the lecture on stamp-collecting has been postponed?B: Yes, I was told so.A: When will it be given?B: Not until a fortnight from today（点击显示注释1）.2.A: The folk music concert has been postponed, hasn’t it?B: Yes, it has.A: Do you know when it will be given?B: A week on Sunday, I heard（点击显示注释2）.Notes：1. a fortnight from today– the 15th day counting from todaytomorrow week – the eighth day counting from tomorrowa week on Sunday – the eighth day counting from Sunday2.―When will it be given?‖ (It’ll be given) Tomorrow week.‖ –What’s the time of the action here? How isthe passive verb phrase structured?DIALOGUEA.Listening to the recording（先播放录音，再点击一下可显示文字，供教师根据需要选择）A New Life on the University CampusLu Hua goes back to her secondary school to visit Mr. Wang, her former English teacher. Mr. Wang asks her about her life and study in the English Department at Pujiang University.A: Hello, Lu Hua. Nice to see you back. How are things at the university?B: Everything’s fine, Mr. Wang. Life at the university is so exciting and challenging.A: Do you live on campus?B: Not the whole time… I mean not on weekends. A university rule says that no freshmen should live off campus during the weekdays, unless the university authorities give permission.A: It’s a good rule for new students. But you don’t have to eat in school cafeterias, do you?B: No, we don’t. But we prefer to eat there because there’s a wide variety of foods on the menu, which changes every day. Besides, the food service is much better than that of most secondary schools. For one thing, our campus cafeterias are under the management of a professional food service company with an annually-renewable contract.A: I suppose you buy meal plans, then.B: Most of us do. We have IC cards for meals and pay on a monthly basis.A: That’s very convenient. Well, how do you like your campus environment in general?B: The university has two campuses, one for freshmen and sophomores, and the other for juniors, seniors and graduate students. My campus is located on the out skirts of the city. It’s a new campus, very peaceful, and free from the hustle and bustle of a metropolis.A: And free from all sorts of distractions and diversions that most city dwellers find it hard to escape or ignore.B: Yes, it’s another plus when you live away from urban attractions.A: Did you have any orientation program about campus life for the entering students?B: Yes. It was a three-day orientation, including a campus tour. We tried to learn as much as possible about the university. We visited libraries, classroom buildings, language labs, the multimedia resources center, computer support services, the student club, and the sports stadium.A: Do you freshmen have access to all these resources and technical facilities on a regular basis?B: Absolutely. They are open to all students. As a matter of fact, we’re encouraged to make the most of the libraries and technical support services on the campus.A: Being an English major, do you have to speak English with your fellow students and English teachers most of the time?B: Yeah. We’re expected to speak English with all our English teachers, whatever courses they teach. We’re also encouraged to speak English in the dorm area as much as possible. We’re not quite used to t his ―English onl y‖ environment, though. Anyway, we’re all trying very hard.A: Good for you. It always takes time to adjust to a new environment. I suppose there are English lectures and talks available to you.B: Yes. They are given to us English majors periodically, and they cover a variety of topics. Not only that, we are encouraged to attend the free discussion session following each lecture or presentation. Most of the lecturesare given by native speakers, but unfortunately, I have a difficult time figuring out much of what they say. A: It takes time to understand lectures by the native speakers. But they are very good for students majoring in English.B: Yes, indeed. There’s no reason whatsoever for me to skip any of them.A: Well, your life at the universi ty sounds very good. It’s such a delight to know that one of my students is doing fine at the university. Come and see me again when you have a chance.B: I certainly will.NOTES（点击黑体部分单词，自动分别显示以下注释）：3.Life at university is … challenging.– Life at the university makes the students face difficulties in theirstudies with interest and courage. ( 大学生活启迪思考，激励上进。

、.~①我们‖打〈败〉了敌人。

②我们‖〔把敌人〕打〈败〉了。

THE HOUSING CRISIS GOES SUBURBAN1 Seventy years after President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared that the Depression had left one-third of the American people "ill-housed, ill-clothed and ill-nourished,"2 Americans are well-clothed and increasingly over nourished. But the scarcity of affordable housing is a deepening national crisis, and not just for inner-city families on welfare. The problem has climbed the income ladder and moved to the suburbs, where service workers cram their families into overcrowded apartments, college graduates have to crash with their parents, and firefighters, police officers and teachers can't afford to live in the communities they serve.2 Home ownership is near an all-time high, but the gap is growing between the Owns and the Own-Nots —as well as the Owns and the Own-80-Miles-From-Work. One-third of Americans now spend at least 30% of their income on housing, the federal definition of an "unaffordable" burden, and half the working poor spend at least 50% of their income on rent, a "critical" burden. The real estate boom of the past decade has produced windfalls for Americans who owned before it began, but affordable housing is now a serious problem for more low- and moderate-income Americans than taxes, Social Security4 or gas prices.3 America used to care a lot about affordable housing. Roosevelt signed housing legislation in 1934 and 1937, providing mortgages, government apartments and construction jobs for workers down on their luck. In 1949, Congress .set an official goaljjf "a decent home and a suitable living environment for every American family," and in 1974, President Richard M. Nixon began offering subsidized rent vouchers to millions of low-income tenants in private housing. For half a century, most housing debates in Washington revolved around how much to expand federal assistance.4 But for the past two decades, the only new federal housing initiative has been HOPE VI5, a Clinton administration program that has demolished 80,000 units of the worst public housing and built mixed-income developments in their place. The program has eliminated most of the high-rise hellholes that gave public housing a bad name and has revived some urban neighborhoods. But it has razed more subsidized apartments than it has replaced.5 Overall, the number of households receiving federal aid has flatlined since the early 1990s, despite an expanding population and a ballooning budget. Congress has rejected most of President Bush's proposed cuts, but there has been virtually no discussion of increases; affordable-housing advocates spend most of their time fighting to preserve the status quo.6 And it's a tough status quo. Today, for every one of the 4.5 million low-income families that receive federal housing assistance, there are three eligible families without it. Fairfax County has 12,000 families on a waiting list for 4,000 assisted apartments. "It's golden when you get one—nobody wants to give it up," says Conrad Egan, chairman of the Fairfax housing authority. It sounds odd, but the victims of today's housing crisis are not people living in "the projects", but people who aren't even that lucky.7 Some liberals6 dream of extending subsidies to all eligible low-income families, but that $100 billion-a-year solution was unrealistic even before the budget deficit ballooned again. So even some housing advocates now support time limits on most federal rent aid. The time limits includedin welfare reform 10 years ago were controversial, but studies suggest they've helped motivate recipients to get off the dole. And unlike welfare, housing aid is not a federal entitlement, so taking it away from one family after a few years would provide a break for an equally deserving family.8 "It's a no-brainer," says David Smith, an affordable-housing advocate in Boston. "You can't sustain the internal contradiction of no limits."9 The root of the problem is the striking mismatch between the demand for and the supply of affordable housing —or, more accurately, affordable housing near jobs. Fifteen million families now spend at least half their income on housing, according to Harvard's Joint_CenterfOTHousing Studies: many skimp on health care, child care and food to do so. Others reduce their rents by overcrowding, which studies link to higher crime rates, poorer academic performance and poorer health; Los Angeles alone has 620.000 homes with more than one person per room. Other workers are enduring increasingly long commutes from less expensive communities, a phenomenon known as "driving to qualify".10 This creates all kinds of lousy outcomes—children who don't get to see their parents, workers who can't make ends meet when gas prices soar, exurban sprawl, roads clogged with long-distance commuters emitting greenhouse gases. "I don't think we're creating strong communities by forcing people into their cars four hours a day," says Cathy Hudgins. chairwoman of the housing committee for the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors. Affordable housing also helps make communities competitive; it's not clear how Fairfax can keep creating jobs if workers can't afford to live there.11 The best thing local officials can do to promote affordable housing is to get out of the way—stop requiring one-acre lots and two-car garages, and stop blocking low-income and high-density projects.12 Washington politicians, on the other hand, have the federal budget at their disposal. But Congress hasn't supported new construction since the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit of 1986, which creates nearly 100,000 units of affordable housing a year, enough to replace half the units that are torn down or converted to market rents. Bush proposed a home-ownership tax credit during his 2000 and 2004 campaigns, but it turned out to be the rare tax cut he didn't pursue. A bill pending in Congress would divert a percentage of profits from federally chartered institutions such as Fannie Mae to a national affordable-housing trust fund8, but it seems stalled. The only affordability ideas with any traction at the national level are not really housing ideas; for example, one way to make housing more affordable to workers would be to raise their incomes—through higher minimum wages, lower payroll taxes or an expanded Earned Income Tax Credit.13 There is one clear solution to the affordable-housing crisis: a real estate crash. It's the one housing issue that attracts media attention—because it would hurt the Owns. But while an easing of prices could be devastating for lower-income Owns with risky mortgages, it probably wouldn't bring home ownership within reach for many Own- Nots. Prices have too far to fall; in 2000, two-thirds of the home sales in Fairfax were for $250,000 or less, but last year, fewer than one-twentieth were. And even a modest price slump could trigger a construction slowdown that would make shortages of affordable housing for moderate-income families even worse.14 Eventually, politicians may rediscover housing—not as an urban poverty issue, but as a middle-class quality-of-life issue, like gas prices or health care. Home ownership is often described as the American dream, but these days many workers would settle for a decent rentalthat won't bankrupt their families.ACADEMY IN TIMES OF CRISIS1 Today the academy holds a highly privileged place in American society because of a about the long-standing national consensus about the value of education. One of my predecessors, President Harold Dodds, said in his inaugural address in 1933 that "No country spends money for education, public or private, so lavishly as does the United States. Americans have an almost childlike faith in what formal education can do for them." That faith is based on a conviction that the vitality of the United States, its creative and diverse cultural life, its is national security and the robustness of its democratic institutions owe much to the quality of institutions of higher education.2 Our society’s confidence in its institutions of higher education is expressed through the generous investments of the federal and state government in basic and applied research, investment that wisely couple support for research with support for graduate education. It is also expresses through federal and state investments that subsidize the cost of higher education for those who cannot afford to pay, investments by private foundations and charities who see collegesand universities as the best routes for achieving their strategic goals, and investments by individuals and by the private sector, who see universities as the incubators of future health and prosperity. In return for this broad support, society rightfully expects certain things from us. It expects the generation of new ideas and the discovery of new knowledge, the exploration of complex issues in an open and collegial manner and the preparation of the next generation of citizens and leaders. In times of trouble, it is especially important that we live up to these expectations.3 The medieval image of the university as an ivory tower, with scholars turned inward in solitary contemplation, immunized from the cares of the day, is an image that has been superseded by the modern university constructed not of ivory, but of a highly porous material, one that allows free diffusion in both directions. The academy is of the world, not apart from it. Its ideals, crafted over many generations, are meant to suffuse the national consciousness. Its scholars and teachers are meant to move in and out of the academy in pursuit of opportunities to use their expertise in public service, in pursuit of creative work that will give us illumination and insight and in pursuit of ways to turn laboratory discoveries into useful things. Our students engage the world with a strong sense of civic responsibility, and when they graduate they become alumni who do the same. This is as it should be.4 The search for new ideas and knowledge is not and cannot be motivated by utilitarian concerns. Rather it depends on the ability to think in new and creative ways. When the Nobel laureate John Nash developed the mathematical concepts underlying non- cooperative game theory8 as a graduate student at Princeton, he could not foresee that those concepts would be used today to analyze election strategies and the causes of war and to make predictions about how people will act. When Professor of Molecular Biology Eric Wieschaus' set out as a young scientist to identify genes that pattern the body plan of the fruit fly embryo, he could not know that he would identify genes that play a central role in the development of human cancer. We have learned that we cannot predict with any accuracy how discoveries and scholarship will influence future generations. We also have learned that it is unwise to search only in predictable places, for new knowledge often depends upon preparing fertile ground in^obscure places where serendipity and good luck, as well as deep intelligence, can sprout. Freedom of inquiry, which is one of our most cherishedorganizing principles, is not just a moral imperative, it is a practical necessity.5 Just as we have an obligation to search widely for knowledge, so we also have an obligation to ensure that the scholarly work of the academy is widely disseminated, so that others can correct it when necessary, or build on it, or use it to make better decisions, develop better products or construct better plans. In the days ahead, I hope that our country's decision-makers will draw on the knowledge that resides on our campuses, on historians who can inform the present through deep understanding of the past, philosophers who can provide frameworks for working through issues of right and wrong, economists whose insights can help to get the economy back on track, engineers who know how to build safer buildings, scientists who can analyze our vulnerabilities to future attack and develop strategies for reducing those vulnerabilities, and scholars in many fields who can help us understand the motivations of those who would commit acts of terrorism here and throughout the world.6 Let me now turn to the third obligation that we have to society: the education of the next generation of citizens and leaders. Princeton's view of what constitutes a liberal arts education was expressed well by Woodrow Wilson, our 13th President, whose eloquent words I read at Opening Exercises:"What we should seek to impart in our colleges, is not so much learning itself as the spirit of learning. It consists in the power to distinguish good reasoning from bad, in the power to digest and interpret evidence, in the habit of catholic observation and a preference for the non-partisan point of view, in an addiction to clear and logical processes of thought and yet an instinctive desire to interpret rather than to stick to the letter of reasoning, in a taste for knowledge and a deep respect for the integrity of the human mind."7 Wilson, and the presidents who followed him, rejected the narrow idea of a liberal arts education as preparation for a profession. While understanding the importance of professional education, they made it clear that at Princeton we should first and foremost cultivate the qualities of thought and discernment in our students in the belief that this will be most conducive to the health of our society. Thus we distinguish between the acquisition of information, something that is essential for professional training, and the development of habits of mind that can be applied in any profession. Consequently we celebrate when the classics scholar goes to medical school, the physicist becomes a member of Congress, or the historian teaches primary school. If we do our job well as educators, each of our students will take from a Princeton education a respect and appreciation for ideas and values, intellectual openness and rigor, practice in civil discourse and a sense of civic responsibility. During these troubled times, our students and our alumni will be called upon to exercise these qualities in their professions, their communities and their daily lives. By so doing, and through their leadership, their vision and their courage, they will help to fulfill Princeton's obligation to society and bring true meaning to our motto, "Princeton in the nation's service and in the service of all nations."。

Unit 5 Into the unknown 学案1．There is a profound charm in mystery. —Chatfield神秘事物具有深奥的魅力。

2．Nature is not governed except by obeying her. —Bacon自然不可驾驭，除非顺从她。

3．To be beautiful and to be calm is the ideal of nature. —Richard Jefferies美与宁静是自然的理想。

4．Mix a little mystery with everything，and the very mystery arouses veneration.任何事都掺一点神秘性，唯其神秘才引起崇拜。

5．He had lived long enough to know it is unwise to wish everything explained.长时期的生活经历足以使他懂得要想把一切都解释清楚是不明智的。

6．Man masters nature not by force but by understanding. —Bronwski人征服大自然不是凭力量，而是凭对它的认识。

The “Monster of Lake Tianchi” in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin Province，northeast China，is back in the news after several recent sightings.The director of a local tourist office，Meng Fanying，said the monster，which seemed to be black in color，was ten meters from the edge of the lake during the most recent sighting.“It jumped out of the water like a seal—about 200 people on Changbai's western peak saw it，”he said.“Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature，Xue Junlin，a local photographer，claimed that its head looked like a horse.”In another recent sighting，a group of soldiers claim they saw an animal moving on the surface of the water.“It was greenish­black and had a round head with 10­centimeter horns”，one of the soldiers said.Mike Taylor，a university student in the study of prehistoric life forms for his Ph.D.，discovered a brand­new species of dinosaur，while conducting research at the Natural History Museum in the United Kingdom.This new species was identified as part of the sauropod family of dinosaurs.The sauropods were four-legged，vegetarian dinosaurs，with very long necks and tails，and relatively small skulls and brains.One of their most unusual characteristics was their nostrils，which were higher up in their head，almost near the eyes.So far，the sauropod bones have been found in every continent except Antarctica，and they are one of the longest living group of dinosaurs，spanning over 100 million years.This new species，named Xenoposeidon proneneukos，which means forward sloping，lived about 140 million years ago.Mike Taylor，who has spent five years studying sauropod vertebrae，immediately knew that this was the backbone of a sauropod.However，he had never seen one like this before.Further research proved this was indeed a new kind of sauropod.The bone，which had been discovered in the 1890s，had never been examined.[探究发现]1．Find out the main idea of the passage.Mike Taylor discovered a brand-new species of dinosaur.2．Find out the new dinosaur's most obvious characteristic.Nostril.3．Find out the time that the bone was discovered.In the 1890s.Ⅰ.匹配词义A．单词匹配()1.intrigue A．n.气旋；旋风()2.pyramid B．n.金字塔()3.astronomy C．n.衰败()4.tropical D．adj.来自热带的；产于热带的()5.cyclone E．v.(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴()6.downfall F．n.天文学()7.megadrought G．n.超级干旱[答案]1－5EBFDA6－7CGB．短语匹配()1.fall into ruin A．相当于()2.make a discovery B．收回()3.correspond to C．做出发现；发现()4.take back D．将……应用于……()5.apply...to... E．(因无人照料而)衰落，败落[答案]1－5ECABDⅡ.默写单词1．civilisation n．文明(社会)2．bury v. 将……埋在下面3．canal n. 运河4．ruin n. 残垣断壁，废墟5．abandon v. 离弃，逃离6．dismiss v. 拒绝考虑，否定7.expansion n. 扩大；增加Ⅰ.语境填词astronomy；dismiss；expansion；abandon；civilisation；was buried；canal；ruin The Victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and civilisation．2．The truth has been buried in her memory since then.3．Astronomy is the scientific study of the sun，moon，stars，planets，etc. 4．A canal is a passage dug in the ground for boats and ships to travel along. 5．The old mill is now little more than a ruin．6．The cold weather forced us to abandon going out.7．I think we can safely dismiss their objections.8．Despite the difficulties the company is confident of further expansion．Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Hunger and drought led to the collapse of Mayan civilisation(civilise)a millennium ago.2．The child was found abandoned(abandon)but unharmed.3．The buildings were in a ruinous (ruin)condition.4．Expansionism(expansion)was advocated by many British politicians in the late 19th century.5．There are no previous statistics for comparison(compare)．6．They questioned the accuracy(accurate)of the information in the file.7．The test can accurately (accurate)predict what a bigger explosion would do.8．Her dismissal(dismiss)of the threats seemed irresponsible.1．Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars，it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.虽然他的理论已经被学者们所否定，但它显示了古代玛雅文明的奥秘在人们心中是多么的有影响力。

新闻听力模拟练习100题News Item 1Questions 1 to 2 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.1. What crime have the two police officials in Argentina阿根廷been convicted （给…定罪）of?A.They have been convicted of corruption.B.They have been convicted of baby abduction.C.They have been convicted of bribery.D.They have been convicted of military dictatorship.2. We can infer from the news that the sentence would set a precedent惯例for an attempt to ____.A.stop military dictatorshipB.bring senior officials to trialC.stop baby abductionD.make new constitutes for Argentine courtsNews Item 2Questions 3 to 4 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.3. Lloyds of London was charged by a group of African Americans NOT for ____.A.providing insurance for ships which brought African slaves to AmericaB.aiding the commission of genocide(种族屠杀)C.participating in enslaving African AmericansD.refusing to provide insurance to African Americans4. We can infer from the news that if the claimants（原告）want to win the case,they should first____.A.identify their own as descendants from slavesB.provide the evidence that Lloyds of London was responsible for genocideC.Provide the evidence that Lloyds of London participated in slave tradingD.buy insurance from the Lloyds of LondonNews Item 3Questions 5 to 6 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.5. What does the United Nations require the Turkish Cypriots to do?A.To allow Greeks to come back to Cyprus塞浦路斯（地名）.B.To give up some territory领土.C.To expel驱赶the Greeks from Turkish.D.To sign a peace contract with Greeks.6. According to the BBC correspondent通讯员, the Greeks are worried that Annanhas offered too much to the ____ side.A. GreekB. Greek CypriotC. Turkish CypriotsD. the UNNews Item 4Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.7. What can we learn from news?A.Two Iraqi terrorists killed a journalist working for the Arab satellitetelevision station.B.Two Iraqi journalists working for the Arab satellite television stationwere killed by the US troops.C. A bomb attacked the Arab satellite television station and killed two Iraqijournalists.D. A bomb attacked the Arab satellite television station and killed two USjournalists.News Item 5Questions 8 to 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8. How long will the American airplane carrier stay in Hong Kong?A. 7 days.B. 6 days.C. 5 days.D.4 days.9. Which of the following is TRUE about the American spy plane?A.China refused to let it land in Hong Kong.B.America said it was a normal training flight.C.It crashed with Chinese fighter plane on April 3rd.D.It crashed over the South China Sea.News Item 6Questions 10 to 11 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.10. How many people died in the clashes between Iraqi demonstrators示威者and US troops?A. More than 8.B. More than 13.C. More than 30.D. More than 38.11. According to the news, despite Iraq’s overall instability不稳定, the United States decided to ____.A.send more troops to IraqB.hand over power to Iraq peopleC.withdraw its troops from IraqD.continue controlling Iraqi governmentNews Item 7Questions 12 to 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.12. Who did the former创造者chief weapons inspector of the UN criticize?A. Tony Blair.B. George Bush.C. Hans Blix.D. Saddam Hussein.13. What can we infer from the news?A.The US and Britain have made a thorough彻底地examination onweapons before they started war.B.The Un weapons inspection检查has been in abeyance中止because ofthe war.C.The US and Britain have found evidence that Iraq owned some atomicweapons.D.Hans Blix was criticized for giving wrong intelligence（information）about weapons in Iraq.News Item 8Questions 14 to 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.14. How many tons of nuclear equipment has been sent to the United States from Libya?A. 5tons.B. 50 tons.C. 500 tons.D. 5000 tons.15. The equipment includes the followings EXCEPT____.A.Uranium铀development centersB.ling distance missilesC.guided missilesD.nuclear warhead核弹头News Item 9Questions 16 to 17 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.16. How many people died during the gun battle?A. 9B. 31C. 40D. more than 4017. What is the possible cause of the gun battle?A.Some gunmen tried to flee from the coalition position.B.Some gunmen tried to attack a coalition position.C.The coalition troops accidentally killed some suspected militants.D.Some Afghan militants tried to cross the border with Pakistan.News Item 10Questions 18 to 19 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.18. American Secretary of State Collin Powell will visit the following countries EXCEPT ____.A. IndiaB. PakistanC. AfghanistanD. Thailand19. Mr. Powell urges the Pakistani government to give evidence that ____.A.it has stopped the trade of nuclear weapons technology with othercountriesB.it has taken steps to the renewed peace process with IndiaC.it has deployed the troops to the border with IndiaD.it has completely abandoned nuclear weapons researchNews Item 11Questions 20 to 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.20. Why have protesters demonstrated证明in several cities?A.They are demanding that the government increase wages.B.They are demanding that the government of Prime Minister resign.C.They are demanding that the government of Prime Minister increasepeople’s living standard.D.They are demanding that the government of Prime Minister improvemultinational relations.21. How many demonstrators are there in Ankara?A. 20,000B. 40,000C. 60,000D. 70,00022. How many people were injured in the protests?A. More than 100.B. More than 1,000.C. More tan 2,000.D. More than 4,000.News Item 12Questions 23 to 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.23. According to the officials, when would the economic or other restrictions against Syria be carried out?A. In November.B. This month.C. Next November.D. Not known.24. We can infer from the news that the U.S is considering restrictions against Syriaprobably because____.A.Syria permits fighters to cross its borders into IraqB.Syria continues its nuclear corporation协会with IranC.Syria provides economic help for Iraqi militantsD.Syria doesn’t accept nuclear weapons inspectionNews Item 13Questions 25 to 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.25. Which of the followings is NOT the content of the agreement?A.The Mexican travelers are permitted to enter America without beingphotographed.B.The Mexican travelers can travel into America with only identificationdocuments.C.The Mexican travelers can travel to America much more convenientlythan before.D.The restrictions on all Mexicans visiting the United States will be eased.26. What can we infer from the news?A.President Bush supports this agreement.B.Congress has voted on the agreement.C.Mexican President shows no interests in this agreement.D.There will be an election next year.News Item 14Questions 27 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.27. Who is the speaker in the sound recording?A.Ayman al-Zawahiri.B.Osama Bin Laden.C.Pervez Musharraf.D.George Bush.28. The sound recording urges all Muslims in Pakistan to do the followings EXCEPT____.A.to overthrow推翻the government of the current PresidentB.to oust驱逐the Pakistani leader who is working with the United StatesC.to stop fighting Al-Qaeda militants and their supportersD.to leave Pakistan for AfghanistanNews Item 15Questions 29 to 31 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.29. Why does China oppose an American missile defense system?A.Because the missile defense system violates违反an internationalanti-missile treaty条约.B.Because the missile defense system would threaten the balance of powerin the East Asia area.C.Because the missile defense system would threaten the peace of China.D.Because the missile defense system would threaten the peace of the world.30. Why does the United States want the missile defense system?A.The United States wants the missile defense system to protect it and itsallies同盟国from attacks by rebel countries.B.The United States wants the missile defense system to fight againstterrorism.C.The United States wants the missile defense system to protect the world.D.The United States wants the missile defense system to develop the space.31. What is Russian’s idea to the missile defense system?A.The missile defense system is useful to the world peace.B.The missile defense system is harmful to the world peace.C.The missile defense system violates an international anti-missile treaty.D.The missile defense system threatens the safety of Russia.News Item 16Questions 32 to 33 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.32. How many days does Colombia President Alvaro Uribe plan to visit the US?A. Two days.B. Three days.C. Four days.D. Five days.33. Which of the followings is NOT the topic of the meetings between the two presidents?A. Trade.B. Terrorism.C. Illegal drugs.D. Nuclear weapons.News Item 17Questions 34 to 35 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.34. What have NASA scientists discovered on Mars?A.Evidence of life.B.Evidence of water.C.Evidence of oxygen.D.Evidence of human beings.35. What will the NASA scientists do next?A.To study opposite sides of Mars.B.To come back to the earth from the Mars.C.To publicize the discovery to the world.D.To suspend the current exploration on Mars.News Item 18Questions 36 to 37 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.36. Where were the talks between President Bush and Indian Prime Minister Man Mohan Singh?A. In Washington.B. In Bombay.C. In New York.D. In New Delhi.37. What has President Bush announced?A.To create full energy cooperation with India.B.To stop providing nuclear technology to India.C.To change the nuclear non-proliferation不扩散treaty.D.To start United Nation’s inspections on India’s nuclear weapons.News Item 19Questions 38 to 39 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.38. What’s the result of the vote held on Thursday?A.El Salvador would withdraw their troops from Iraq.B.El Salvador would stop financial aid on Iraq.C.El Salvador would extend it military work in Iraq.D.El Salvador would send more than 350 soldiers to Iraq.39. What’s special with El Salvador?A.It is the last country to send troops to Iraq in 2003.B.It is the first country to send troops to Iraq in 2003.C.It is the only Latin country that still has troops in Iraq.D.It is the only Latin country which is against the Iraq war.News Item 20Questions 40 to 41 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.40. What happened on Friday?A. 4 suspects tried to make a bombing in London.B.Police raid took place in London and Rome.C.The suspects were tried in the highest court of Rome.D.There is still one suspect from Eritrea hasn’t been captured.41. What is the nationality of Osman Hussein, the suspect arrested in Rome?A. Somali.B. Italian,C. British.D. Iraqi.News Item 21Questions 42 to 44 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.42. Thailand is Asia’s biggest production base for____.A. copied CDsB. copies VCDsC. pirated CDsD. pirated VCDs43. How many illegal CDs were exported?A. 50 million.B. 60 million.C. 30 millionD. 2 million44. There was a seminar研究小组on ____.A. trade markB. production rightC. registered rightD. property rightNews Item 22Question 45 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.45. According to the news, the expedition远征will attempt to show that____.A.Denmark is geologically linked to Lomonosov RidgeB.Greenland is geologically liked to Lomonosov Ridge.C.Denmark is geologically linked to Greenland.D.Denmark is part of Greenland.News Item 23Questions 46 to 47 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.46. What should be blamed for the crash?A.Terrorist attacks.B.U.S. sanctions惩罚.C. A lack of spare parts.D. A lack of regular maintenance维护.47. Which CANNOT be learned about the crash?A.There were 115 passengers on board.B.The plane crashed on Tuesday.C.The plane crashed shortly after take-off.D.Only one passenger survived the crash.News Item 24Questions 48 to 49 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.48. How many people have been killed in the accident?A. More than 7.B. More than 43.C. More than 100.D. More than 143.49. Which of the followings is NOT true according to the news?A. A series of bombings took place in the town of Sharm el- Sheikh.B.The attacks on Saturday included 7 bombs.C.The bombers involved in the accident have been captured.D.Two hotels and a market ere reported to be badly damaged.News Item 25Questions 50 to 51 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.50. Who was accused of official wrongdoing and bribery?A.The former Prime Minister of Burma.B.Khin Nyunt.C.Khin Nyunt’s sons.D.All of the above.51. What’s the possible sentence given to Khin Nyunt?A.House arrest.B.Death penalty.C.Prison arrest.D.Ouster punishment.News Item 26Questions 52 to 53 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.52. How many people have been reported dead in the series of bomb attacks?A. More than 9.B. More than 19.C. More than 20.D. More than 29.53. Which of the following places hasn’t been attacked by the bombs?A. Mosiedia.B. Baghdad.C. Tecook.D. Havja.News Item 27Questions 54 to 55 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.54. Where is the town of Afar located?A.On the border between Iraq and Syria.B.On the border between Iraq and Iran伊朗.C.On the border between Iraq and Turkey.D.On the border between Iraq and Kuwait科威特.55. Why did Iraqi militants threaten to kill a Turkey citizen?A.To threaten Turkey government to stop cooperating with the U.S.B.To threaten the U.S. troops to retreat from Iraq.C.To threaten the Turkish troops to retreat from Iraq.D.To force Turkey to cooperate with Iraq.News Item 28Questions 56 to 57 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.56. How many people lived in extreme poverty in sub-Saharan Africa in 1981?A.37% of all the people thereB.42% of all the people thereC.45% of all the people thereD.47% of all the people there57. What happened to the number of people worldwide living in extreme povertyover the past 20 years?A.The number has fallen to 19%（下降到19%.）B.The number has fallen to 20%.（下降到20%）C.The number has fallen by 19%.（下降了19%）D.The number has fallen by 20%.（下降了20%）News Item 29Questions 58 to 59 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.58. What is the main idea of this news item?A.Italy decided to increase anti-terrorism measures.B.Italy would prohibit training people to use explosives for terrorismpurpose.C.The deadly bombings in London earlier shocked Italian government.D.Some Italians participated the terrorist bombings in London.59. What is the attitude of the Italian Prime Minister towards the measures?A. Supportive.B. Neutral.C. Unclear.D. Opponent.News Item 30Question 60 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.60. What can be inferred from the news?A.Ivory trading is prohibited in Spain.B.Most of the seized ivory is not legally bought.C.The ivory came from 4000 African elephants.D.The workshop owner was caught smuggling走私.News Item 31Questions 61 to 62 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,61. What is the possible sentence if the Muslim man is found guilty?A.He would be sentenced to death.B.He would be sentenced to life imprisonment.C.He would be sentenced to probation.D.He would be set free.62. According to the news, we can infer that____.A. a defendant can’t defend himself at a trial under Dutch lawB.the suspect didn’t adm it his crimeC.the murder probably resulted from racial problemsD.the filmmaker died just before the film he made releasedNews Item 32Questions 63 to 64 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.63. How will UNICEF help the African children?A.Build more schools in Africa.B.Reduce school fees in Africa.C.Return them to school provide them with food and housing.D.Provide them with food and housing.64. Extra money is needed to help____.A.African childrenB.Sudanese childrenC.African refugees难民D.Sudanese refugeesNews Item 33Questions 65 to 66 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.65. What is the journalist accused of?A.Working for the British newspaper.B.Objecting to the new media laws.]C.Violating the Zimbabwean laws.D.Publishing an untrue story.66. Which of the following is NOT true about the journalist?A.He is an American-born journalist.B.He works for the Guardian.C.He finished the story with other journalists.D.His story was not published in Zimbabwe.News Item 34Questions 67 to 68 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,67. What happened after the disputed parliamentary election?A.The anti-government protesters fired on the Prime Minister.B.The security forces killed at least 36 people.C.The opposition leaders refused to meet with the Prime Minister.D.Two main opposition leaders was injured in the collision.68. How many seats do the opposition groups have in the elections?A. 117.B. 170.C. 236.D. 263. News Item 35Questions 69 to 70 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.69. According to the finance and development officials, what is primary goal to beachieved in the new millennium?A.To solve poverty related problems.B.To curb green house gas emission.C.To populate the primary education.D.To solve the energy related problems.70. Which of the following countries hasn’t been mentioned that the povertyproblem still deteriorates?A. Middle East.B. Africa.C. South Asia.D. Latin America.News Item 36Questions 71 to 72 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.71. What is the date set for the trial of Saddam Hussein?A. Last December.B. This December.C. Last Tuesday.D. Not decided yet.72. What is the possible reason for the attacks?A.To inspire a prison breaker uprising.B.To rescue Saddam Hussein.C.To express the dissatisfaction with the trial.D.To condemn Saddam’s regime政治制度.News Item 37Questions 73 to 74 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.73. What was the original record?A.About 25.86 seconds.B.About 30.86 seconds.C.About 32.86 seconds.D.About 35.86 seconds.74. The old man owed his success to ____,.A.Intensive强烈的exercisesB.physical healthC.balanced dietD.good luckNews Item 38Questions 75 to 76 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.75. What happened to the Cubans?A.They set foot in Florida.B.They drowned off the coast of Florida.C.They were taken into custody.D.They were sent back to Cuba.76. What comments can be made on their way of getting into the U.S.?A.It’s the most common way.B.It’s the most successful way.C.It’s the most unusual way.D.It’s the least expensive way.News Item 39Questions 77 to 78 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.77. Where is former President Calos Mannan now?A. In Chile.B. In Argentina.C. In prison.D. In the U.S.78. What can we learn from the news item?A.Argentine former President has been convicted of corruption.B.Mr. Mannan is suspected to have committed corruption during theconstruction of 2 prisons.C.Mr. Mannan will be sentenced to 2-year imprisonment.D.Mr. Mannan has denied all the accusation.News Item 40Questions 79 to 80 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.79. What is NOT a purpose of the satellite?A.To monitor Beijing’s construction.B.To monitor Beijing’s environment.C.To monitor Beijing’s traffic condition.D.To monitor possible terrorist activity in Beijing.80. What will be the speed of the satellite?A.It will orbit the earth every 600 minutes.B.It will orbit the earth every 100 minutes.C.It will orbit the earth every 190 minutes.D.It was not mentioned in the news.News Item 41Questions 81 to 82 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.81. How long has the Indonesian forest been on fire?A. Six months.B. Over a year.C. Almost one year.D. Six years.82. The fires have caused direct or indirect losses in all of the following areasEXCEPT ____ as mentioned in the news.A.heavy industryB.medicineC.tourist industryD.agriculture outputNews Item 42Questions 83 to 85 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.83. What are delegates calling for?A.Canceling international trade talks.B.Speeding international trade talks.C.Putting off the meeting of international trade delegations.D.Promoting trade relations between China and other Asian countries.84. How many Asian or Pacific countries made the call at the opening?A. 13.B. 15.C. 20.D. 35.85. According to Colin Powell, what is the best way to make the delegates reach an agreement?A. Cooperation.B. Competition.C. Unity.D. Making concessions.News Item 43Questions 86 to 87 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.86. Former President Ronald Reagan’s funeral will be held on ____.A. FridayB. ThursdayC. WednesdayD. Tuesday.87. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Reagan?A.Former President Reagan died at the age of 92.B.Mr. Reagan began to serve as President in 1980.C.Mr. Reagan’s body will be carried to Washington from California.D.Mr. Reagan died in Washington.News Item 44Questions 88 to 89 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.88. Where did the explosion take place?A.At a wedding hall.B.At a petrol station.C.In a downtown shopping center.D.Near the Turkish Health Ministry.89. How many people have been injured?A. A dozen.B. At least one hundred.C. Over one hundred.D. Two hundred.News Item 45Question 90 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.90. How many ballots from the voting have been declared not legal?A. 3,000.B. 13,000.C. 30,000.D.300,000.News Item 46Questions 91 to 92 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.91. What is the purpose of the United States to send more military employees to Haiti?A.To help the newly-established government repress the possible rebels.B.To support former President back to power.C.To help the new government choose a new council.D.To secure the newly appointed council.92. Which of the following word can best describe the current situation of Haiti?A. Quiet.B. Instable.C. Optimistic.D. Promising.News Item 47Questions 93 to 94 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.93. Who was H.G. Wells?A. A pioneer.B. A writer.C. A doctor.D. A researcher.94. What causes the problem of having internal organs in wrong order?。

大学英语2 北航14年12月课程考试《大学英语2》考核要求一,单选题1. Mother bought Ann a pair of shoes which didn’t suit her, （）being too large.A. except forB. rather thanC. apart fromD. as well as?标准答案：C2. He moved away from his parents and missed them（）enjoy the exciting life in New York.A. enough toB. too much toC. very much toD. much so as to?标准答案：B3. He had to（）life in the city because his father need help on the farm.A. give inB. give outC. give upD. give off?标准答案：C4. Many sources of information are sure to（）our chances of getting in touch with the current events in the world.A. enhanceB. expandC. imagineD. limit?标准答案：A5. It’s no use （）me not to worry.A. you tellB. your tellingC. for you to have toldD. having told?标准答案：B6. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used（）late for his lecture.A. to have studentsB. for students' beingC. for students to beD. to students' being?标准答案：D7. A window in the kitchen room was（）; there was rubbish everywhere and the clock had been stolen.A. scatteredB. smashedC. scratchedD. scraped?标准答案：B8. Iris and Eliza ___（）want to invite their classmates to their birthday partyA. they bothB. their bothC. the bothD. both?标准答案：D9. It was dark .We decided to（）for the night at a beerhouse.A. put awayB. put downC. put upD. put on?标准答案：C10. Don’t put the TV set in（）place.A. a such warmB. what warm aC. how warm aD. too warm a?标准答案：D11. It is often easier to make a promise than to（）.A. keep it outB. give it outC. break it outD. carry it out?标准答案：D12. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there（）quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t been?标准答案：C13. （）the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. In case ofB. In spite ofC. Because ofD. But for?标准答案：D14. Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company about your goods, you are not entitled ____ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.A. toB. withC. forD. on?标准答案：A15. I can hear the Browns’ phone bell ring but no one is answering it;they （）be at home.A. can'tB. mayn'tC. probably notD. shouldn't?标准答案：A16. His doctor prescribed some foods that can （）needed protein and vitamins to the diet.A. facilitateB. furnishC. supplyD. equip?标准答案：C17. In the Spring Export Commodities Fair, the __ of fine china attracted much attention of customers from all over the world.A. successionB. arrayC. stringD. procession?标准答案：B18. I don’t think it advisable that Tim （）to the job since he has no experience.A. is assignedB. will be assignedC. be assignedD. has been assigned?标准答案：C19. It’s difficult to keep up （）these changes in fashion.A. withinB. inC. atD. with?标准答案：D20. It is well known that knowledge is the（）condition for expansion of mind.A. incompatibleB. incredibleC. indefiniteD. indispensable?标准答案：D二,阅读理解1. Sam and Joe were astronauts. There was once a very dangerous trip and the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive (活着). Sam and Joe, however, thought it would be exciting though a little dangerous. "We're the be标准答案：C2. Sam and Joe were astronauts. There was once a very dangerous trip and the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive (活着). Sam and Joe, however, thought it would be exciting though a little dangerous. "We're the be标准答案：D3. Sam and Joe were astronauts. There was once a very dangerous trip and the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive (活着). Sam and Joe, however, thought it would be exciting though a little dangerous. "We're the be标准答案：D4. Sam and Joe were astronauts. There was once a very dangerous trip and the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive (活着). Sam and Joe, however, thought it would be exciting though a little dangerous. "We're the be标准答案：A5. Sam and Joe were astronauts. There was once a very dangerous trip and the more experienced astronauts knew there was only a small chance of coming back alive (活着). Sam and Joe, however, thought it would be exciting though a little dangerous. "We're the be标准答案：C6. Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing m标准答案：C7. Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing m标准答案：A8. Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing m标准答案：A9. Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing m标准答案：B10. Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and moved to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing m标准答案：C11. There are stock markets（股票市场）in large cities in many countries. Stock markets in Paris, London, Tokyo, Shanghai and New York are among the largest and most well-known. The stock, also called stock exchange, is a place where people can buy or sell shares标准答案：C12. There are stock markets（股票市场）in large cities in many countries. Stock markets in Paris, London, Tokyo, Shanghai and New York are among the largest and most well-known. The stock, also called stock exchange, is a place where people can buy or sell shares标准答案：B13. There are stock markets（股票市场）in large cities in many countries. Stock markets in Paris, London, Tokyo, Shanghai and New York are among the largest and most well-known. The stock, also called stock exchange, is a place where people can buy or sell shares标准答案：B14. There are stock markets（股票市场）in large cities in many countries. Stock markets in Paris, London, Tokyo, Shanghai and New York are among the largest and most well-known. The stock, also called stock exchange, is a place where people can buy or sell shares标准答案：C15. There are stock markets（股票市场）in large cities in many countries. Stock markets in Paris, London, Tokyo, Shanghai and New York are among the largest and most well-known. The stock, also called stock exchange, is a place where people can buy or sell shares标准答案：C。

2024北京房山高三（上）期末英语本试卷共11页，共100分。

考试时长90分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。

第一部分：知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Before entering university, Wang Jiayi had never stepped onto a soccer field. Sports wasn’t really her ___1___ before college.However, her perspective changed after witnessing the passion and heat of a male soccer match at university. Absorbed by the sport, Wang eagerly wanted to ___2___. But the ___3___ of a women’s soccer team at the university meant she could only join the male soccer team in a management capacity.However, the following year, she took effort to ___4___ a women’s soccer team in her university. Recruiting team members proved to be ___5___. Wang visited the campus sports ground each morning to approach girls out exercising. She also sought out potential players from the women’s basketball and volleyball teams. Some girls joined out of ___6___, but their interest in soccer was limited. So she and the coach had to ___7___ them both before and during training sessions. To her delight, their attitudes gradually began to shift.In June, Wang joined a local team, where she made an interesting ___8___: None of the team members were married. It seems that marriage and motherhood often prevent women from pursuing their personal development —not only affecting their choice of career but also ___9___ the realization of their own personal value.But something did _____10_____: before this new semester begins, incoming freshmen are already seeking her out to join the women’s soccer team.1. A. focus B. talent C. hope D. virtue2. A. get away B. get involved C. get around D. get down3. A. importance B. existence C. absence D. performance4. A. establish B. sponsor C. train D. conduct5. A. disappointing B. confusing C. interesting D. challenging6. A. kindness B. curiosity C. pity D. gratitude7. A. appreciate B. criticize C. motivate D. persuade8. A. comment B. judgement C. reflection D. observation9. A. disturbing B. chasing C. bringing D. improving10. A. recover B. happen C. change D. approach第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

2013－2014 学年第一学期期末试卷学号姓名成绩考试日期：2013年12月8日考试科目：英语注意事项：1、试卷满分100分。

2、考试时间2小时Part I Vocabulary and Structure(30 minutes, 20 points)Section ADirections:There are X incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1.Unless economic conditions improve next year, _____widespread unrestin the world.A. there would beB. there should beC. there isD. there will be2.Jane could be a very attractive girl, yet she _____ to her clothes.A. pays no attentionB. paid no attentionC. was paying no attentionD. did not pay attention3.Whenever we visited them, they _____ television.A. have watchedB. watchC. had watchedD. were watching4._______ great was the influence of Thomas Paine on his own time thatJohn Adams suggested that the era be called ― The Age of Paine‖.A. SuchB. SoC. TooD. Many5.It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet or to loseweight _______ it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whose6.The computer works very fast, _______ data at the speed of light.A. having handledB. handledC. handlingD. handles7.The teacher found that the girl_____questions that had nothing to do with her lessons.A. always askedB. was always askingC. is always askingD. always asks8.By the time the course ends, _____ 2000 words.A. we’ll learnB. we are learningC. we have learntD. we’ll have learnt9.I’d rather _____ that important letter home with you.A. that you won’t takeB. please don’t you tak eC. you not takingD. you didn’t take10.Nowhere else in the world _______ more beautiful scenery than in America.A. you can findB. can you findC. you have foundD. has been found11.It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, or when trying to lose weight, _______it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whose12.―Do you have any clothes _______‖? the maid asked.A. washB. washingC. washedD. to be washed13.We’ll stick to the original plan no matter how difficult the situation _______.A. getsB. has gotC. is gettingD. will get14.The watch we bought several days ago has broken already. We had farbetter _____ the more expensive one.A. buyB. boughtC. have boughtD. had bought15.It is interesting to note that in countries _____the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare.A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. what16._____ the widening of the roads wherever possible in the city, it is still not adequate for the increasing volume of traffic.A. In spiteB. BesidesC. ThoughD. Despite17.It is for this reason ____ he refused to take the job.A. whyB. whenC. thatD. so18.I ____ you that the machine will arrive next week.A. insistB. confirmC. assureD. undertake t19._______ will be known tomorrow.A. If the flower will be blackB. When will the flower beC. Whether the flower is blackD. Whether is the flower black20.Nowhere else in the world _______ more beautiful scenery than in America.A. you can findB. can you findC. you have foundD. has been found21.Only when you have obtained sufficient data _____come to a sound conclusion.A. can youB. would youC. you willD. you can22.―Do you have any clothes _______?‖ the maid asked.A. washB. washingC. washedD. to be washed23.So fast _______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.A. light travelsB. travels the lightC. do light travelsD. does light travel24.The watch we bought several days ago has broken already. We had far better ___ the more expensive one.A. buyB. boughtC. have boughtD. had bought25.Jean would go to New York, but she ___ money now.A. hadn’t haveB. would not haveC. has noD. would have26.We’ll stick to the original plan no matter how difficult the situation ____.A. getsB. has gotC. is gettingD. will get27.Other guests at yesterday’s opening, which was broadcast _____ by the radio station, included the Governor and the Mayor.A. liveB. aliveC. livingD. lively28.We are now in an age where the public can have ___to information that enables it to make its own judgments.A. accessB. reachC. approachD. touch29.It is regulated that computer studies were part of the ____ at all colleges and secondary schools in China.A. classB. homeworkC. curriculumD. objects30.Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine _______ that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A. entrustedB. assertedC. demonstratedD. constructed31.Each product _______ by our company is quality tested at least 3 times, depending on the requirements.A. derivedB. manufacturedC. demonstratedD. constructed32.Obese humans, scientists speculate, _____ weight because they consume too much fat.A. loseB. gainC. winD. beat33. A _______ housewife purchases fruits and vegetables in season.A. healthyB. carefulC. thriftyD. professional34.That is ____ the point I was trying to make earlier.A. preciselyB. occasionallyC. monthlyD. meanwhile35.U.S. business today finds itself challenged by _____overseas competitors.A. aggressiveB. depressedC. unstableD. insecure36.It is possible to ______ the Pauline arguments in terms of two directives.A. take upB. sum upC. show upD. turn up37.Women’s central role in managing natural resources and protecting the environment has been overlooked more often than it has been _____.A . acknowledged B. emphasizedC. memorizedD. associated38.Since _______ was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England.A. architectureB. structureC. frameworkD. sculpture39.He pointed out that the living standard of urban and _____ people continued to improve.A. remoteB. municipalC. ruralD. provincial40.In such a changing and complex society, formerly simple solutions to informational needs become _____.A. confusingB. acceptableC. complicatedD. feasiblePart II Cloze Test (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on theAnswer Sheet.（1）The motion picture, one of the most popular forms of _____1_____throughout the world, is both an art and an industry; it is a means of expression and a means of making money. This is why the making of a commercial motion picture requires a collaboration between people whose interests often _____2____. Perhaps it is this tension, this uneasy but excitingunion between art and business, which makes the movies so dynamic and also so inconsistent in content and quality. One film may ___3_____us because it seem to use ____4____ issues or new technological devices simply to get people to buy tickets. Another film, however, may move us deeply or make us aware of the artistic use of cinematic techniques.The filmmaker is a writer using language, a musician using music. He is a painter concerned____5____composition, light and colour. Using the camera the filmmaker powerfully ____6____ time and space. A gunfight can become a ballet ___7_____slow motion. The act of climbing a short ____8____of stairs can be extended to seem like a journey, and an airplane can be made to ____9____continents in seconds.Not all films are made to tell stories or to be shown in theatres. Filmmakers can also use their craft for other purposes ____10____creating a work of art and ____11____. Educational films are made for schools, training films for industry. ___12_____ films are made to sell anything from automobiles to political candidates. The finished motion picture, the final product, may look ____13____the work of a single person. Actually it is the result of the collaboration of many individuals with many different specific skills and talents. ____14____these individuals there are five whose contributions are crucial.Movies have influenced current standards of ____15____and have shown viewers other countries and broadened their ___16_____ of different lifestyles. But movies have also kept ____17____stereotypes and prejudices. Some critics have accused recent films ____18____encouraging violence and sexual promiscuity in American society. Others suggest that watching violence and promiscuity ____19____ films helps antisocial viewers to safely rid themselves_____20___ aggressive feelings.1. A. treatment B. enjoymentC. entertainmentD. nuisance2. A. conflict B. fight C. struggle D. oppose3. A. interest B. offend C. anger D. excite4. A. contemplative B. contemplatingC. contemporaneousD. contemporary5. A. of B. about C. with D. over6. A. controls B. rulesC. governsD. stimulates7. A. in B. with C. at D. of8. A. step B. flight C. stage D. group9. A. over B. fly C. cross D. across10. A. but B. than C. except D. beside11. A. enjoying B. treatmentC. creationD. entertainment12. A. Advertising B. AdvertisementC. AdviceD. Advising13. A. as B. seemingly C. likely D. like14. A. Among B. Between C. Of D. With15. A. charming B. pretty C. beautiful D. beauty16. A. conscious B. consciousnessC. awarenessD. aware17. A. alive B. living C. live D. lived18. A. with B. of C. by D. for19. A. of B. on C. in D. about20. A. with B. away C. of D. out Part III Reading Comprehension(30 minutes, 20points)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the AnswerSheet.Passage 1Shyness is a nearly universal human trait. Almost everyone has bouts (疾病的发作时期) of it, and half of college students surveyed describe themselves as shy. But at some life juncture (接合点), according to a national survey, one out of eight peoplebecome so timid that they suffer from social phobia. During certain kinds of encounters, the heart races, palms sweat, the mouth goes dry, words vanish, thoughts become cluttered and an urge to escape takes over. These social phobics suffer from the third most common mental disorder in the United States, behind depression and alcoholism.Some refuse to use public restrooms or talk on the phone. Others go mute in front of the boss or a number of the opposite sex. At the extreme, they build a hermitic (隐居的) life, avoiding virtually all contact with others.Though social anxiety’s symptoms have been noted since Hippocrate’s time (希波克拉底, 古希腊医师）, the disorder didn’t make its way into psychiatric manuals until 1980. Today some psychologists predict that the Internet culture might grease the slope from mild shyness to extreme shyness. ―If people were slightly shy to begin with, they can now interact less,‖ says Philip G. Zimbardo, professor of psychology at Stanford University. ―That will make the shyness much worse.‖Though certain people are born with a tendency toward extreme shyness, biology is by no means destiny. Harvard researcher Jerome Kagan has shown that by 16 weeks of age, babies display a predisposition toward shyness or boldness. Roughly one in five will thrash or cry when stimulated by something new, while others reach out to touch strangers or grab new objects. Yet some shy babies may become gregarious（社交的，群居的）children, and outgoing babies may become shy, even socially phobic adults.Life experiences can mold the brain to become more or less shy over time. Psychologists note that the brain appears to attach a fear marker to the details (place, time of day, background music, etc.) of a traumatic situation. So, for example, when a child gets a tongue-lashing (斥责) from a teacher, the student will feel nervous the next few times he or she steps into that classroom.But sometimes the brain is too good at making those associations, and the anxiety is triggered by any classroom or teacher.The classic behavior of c hildren who do not know how to handle these ―daggers to the heart,‖ says University of Pennsylvania psychiatrist Noira Rynn, is to avoid any attention at all. They may stop inviting friends over, speak only to certain people or refuse to go to school. By avoiding the very situations they need to learn social skills, these children diminish their ability to cope.1.According to the author, when a person suffers from social phobia,_______.A. his heart will beat slowerB. he will talk on and onC. he will have an urge to escapeD. his mouth will become wet2.The underlined word ―phobics‖ in paragraph 1 means _______.A. the scientific study of social phobiaB. social phobiaC. social anxietyD. people who suffer from social phobia3.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Social phobia is the third most common mental disorder in the United States.B. It took people a long time to regard social phobia as a mental diseaseC. Biology does have a direct relation with social phobia.D. Life experiences can also influence shyness over time.4.The sentence ―the Internet culture might grease the slope from mildshyness to extreme shyness.‖ in paragraph three means _______.A. the Internet might help people to get rid of shynessB. the Internet might make people become even shyerC. the Internet has nothing to do with people’s shynessD. the Internet might make people become bold enoughPassage 2Various innovations have been introduced as ways to break out of the rigid system which forces student through a series of identical classrooms in which teachers do most of the talking and students have little opportunity to respond. Among these innovations are team teaching and teacher aides, non –graded elementary and secondary schools, independent study, curricula focused on helping students discover things for themselves rather than on trying to tell them everything, and schools designed for maximum flexibility so that students can work alone, or in small groups, or take part in large –group instruction via diverse media. The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely to the needs of each individual student. Many people who have a strong dislike to organizing instruction scientifically and to bringing new technology into the schools and colleges fail to realize that the present system is in many respects mechanical and rigid. The vast differences in the ways students learn are disregarded when they are taught the same thing, in the same way , at the same time. There is no escaping the evidence that many students and colleges are organized and instruction is handled. Many of them resent technology, but what they object to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large number of students. Or it is programming which merely reproduces conventional classroom teaching. What instruction requires is an arrangement of resources whereby the student responds and learns, reaching new plateaus from which to climb to higher levels of understanding. Technological media can store information until it is needed or wanted. They can distribute it over distances to reach the student where he happens to be. They can present the information to the student through various senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in many ways. In short, th e student’s opportunities for learning can be increased and enhanced by using a wide range of instructional technology. All the available resources for instruction,including the teacher, can work together to create conditions for maximum effective learning.5.The author is mainly concerned with ______.A.providing the possibility for students to take the courses they wantB.making technology an active tool in the schoolC.relieving the teacher from routine dutiesD.meeting the needs of each student6.It can be inferred from the article that a good educational system must______.A.not depend on teachersB.make use of varying methods of teachingC.place a renewed emphasis on scienceD.not organize their instruction7.The author suggests that the basic role of the teacher in the educationalsystem should be ______.A.as a lecturerB.that of a technologistC.as the source of knowledgeD.much more than that of classroom teaching8.The negative reactions of students to technology are the result of______.A.unknown factorsB. a general hostility toward educationC.its misuseD.its newness in the schoolsPassage 3Now and then, researchers retreat from the trackless jungle at the edge of knowledge and set up camp in more familiar territory. Such expeditions don’t often yield surprises, but it’s always rea ssuring to know that the back yard looks much as we thought it did.Among those scientists were psychologists from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. To prove their theory—that people are more likely to yell at a family member or a peer than a superior—they asked 100 college students to wear blood-pressure cuffs and to keep notes about when they got angry and what they did about it.The momentous conclusion: people tend to bottle up anger felt toward an authority figure, and are more likely to vent it instead at family members or friends. While these findings are far from earth-shattering, one researcher pointed out that nobody had ever looked at anger this way before.Big words can make a self-evident result seem weightier. Psychologists at the National Institute for Healthcare Research in Maryland used this technique when they announced that when one person hurts another, forgiveness ―is associated with restored relational closeness following an interpersonal transgression.‖ Couples who have adopted the kiss-and-make-up strategy will no doubt be pleased to learn that there is now a sound scientific basis for their actions.Psychologists, however, are not the only ones taking pains to prove the obvious.Some boldly going where few have gone don’t always lead to radical conclusions. Over the years, researchers have set up weather-monitoring stations in remote areas of Antarctica. According to data from stations on the Ross Ice Shelf—where almost all those taking part in Robert Scott’s ill-fated South Pole expedition perished sometime between late February and mid-March of 1912—temperatures as low as those records in Scott’s journal have been documented only once in the past 15 years.This evidence led to one inexorable conclusion about what killed Scott and most of his party: it was the cold.9.According to the author, the scientists who do researches in morefamiliar territory _______.A.have confirmed what we have already knownB.have looked at things in new waysC.have done some useless workD.have had important discoveries by studying the obvious10.Which of the following is NOT true according to the psychologists atStony Brook?A. They have looked at anger in a unique way.B. When people get angry, their blood pressure changesC.People tend to let off their grievance at homeD.People are less likely to show their anger to their family members.11.According to the research on the Ross Ice Shelf, Robert Scott’sexpedition failed because _______.A.most of the expeditors couldn’t stand hardshipsB.it was exceptionally cold on Antarctica that yearC.Robert Scott should not have chosen to go there in winterD.Robert Scott did not pay much attention to the temperature record ofAntarctica12.It is implied in the passage that _______.A.what scientists say is not necessarily importantB.bold researchers would lead to radical conclusionsC.people should not bottle up their anger at their family members orfriendsD.researchers should shift from the edge of knowledge to familiarfieldsPassage 4Undoubtedly, Internet technology will change the way we live, work, communicate and do business. But beware of those who proclaim this to be a New Era of profitability. As in the so-called New Eras of the past—brought on by earlier technological breakthroughs—this one carries the seeds of its own destruction. The phenomenal growth of Internet businesses is already fueling a Klondike-style gold rush, with far too many diggers looking for far too little gold. Economics teaches us that it is hard to become an upstart with a basically free commodity. Think of ice in the Arctic, sand in the desert, seawater in the ocean or, for that matter, the seemingly unlimited ―hot air‖ on the Net.In the 20th century, the proliferation of cars, radios, movies, televisions, mass retailers and computers all inspired a sense that we had began a New Era. Each breakthrough promised new riches and unprecedented prosperity for the innovators. But in the long run, they always failed to deliver to investors the expected rewards.Why the letdowns? In part because every great innovator invariably attracted great imitations, who competed with the original and eventually depressed his ―excessive‖ profit margin by commoditizing the invention. Furthermore, great inventions have always been followed by greater innovations, which, through the process known as creative destruction, render the previous new technology obsolete. And when inventions become vital to the economy, they are frequently brought under the control of government via regulation, nationalization and, in extreme cases, expropriation (没收).Take the Erie Canal, which was completed in 1825. Its success led to the great American canal boom of the 1830s. It ended just a few years later in a tremendous failure, as most of the other canals failed to make money. The Erie, too, began to suffer from competition, first from, railroads and, eventually, from trunks. In the end, the railroad industry—which helped create an unprecedented industrial boom—proved to be disastrous for most investors. By 1895, most U.S. railroads had to be restructured.Now familiar technologies like cars, radios, cash registers and mainframe computers were all at some point new and revolutionary. But the spread of technologies led inevitably to the demise of their creators’ ―excessive‖ profits, as each becam e just another commodity. Don’t think for a minute that the Internet will be any different.13.According to the first paragraph,of the following statements,only__is ture. technology has made this New Era profitable.B.New Eras brought on by earlier technology breakthroughs had beendestructed.C.Too many diggers are looking for far too little gold.D.Internet business offers free commodity.14.The current booming of Internet industry is compared to ________.E.ice in the ArcticF. a Klondike-style gold rushG.sand in the desertH.seawater in the ocean15.The purpose of this passage is _________.A.to exemplify why New Eras of the past failedB.to justify the profitability of Internet businessC.to pour cold water on the booming Internet industryD.to explore the prosperity and decline of New Eras16.It is implied in the passage that _________.A.the growth of the Internet businesses is too fastB.most Internet companies are unlikely to be out of business soonC.after beating the competitors, the survived Internet companies canachieve some meaningful earningsD.the spread of a new invention can make people live better Passage 5We want our kids to use the Internet. And yet we worry. Those same kids exploring jungle fauna or chatting with friends are just a few keystrokes away from Pandora’s hard drive—from filth, hatred and frightening prescriptions for homicidal (杀人的，行凶的) mayhem (故意伤害罪). But we can devise strategies to steer our children away from what’s worst toward what’s best.The most effective way to monitor kids’ online activity is to stand beside the computer from time to time when your child is at the keyboard. Carleton Kendrick, a family therapist in Medfield, Mass., suggests that accompanying your child to a web-site he frequents is no different from ―checking out a playground where your kids go to see that it’s safe.‖In any e-mail program, a scan of the sender’s addresses can give you a good idea of your kids’ correspondents. Even unsolicited e-mail can be a clue that someone’s been surfing some scary pages. America Online, the Internet service provider used by more than 18 million households, allows parents to limit incoming e-mail to a finite list of correspondents. Some parents also type their kids’ names into a search engine to discover what they’re saying on websites or message boards.Remind your kids never to reveal personal information to anyone online without your permission. And keep credit cards from teenagers. Entry to most beyond-the-pale Web operations requires a valid card number.Understand that as kids get older and demand more privacy, some basic technological know-how comes into play. Filters bar access to offensive or dangerous content, and monitors tell you where the browser’s been. American Online has been particularly effective in helping parents give their children an online experience underthe firm guidance of its editors: a ―kids-only‖ AOL account blocks young users from all but full-time-monitored chat rooms and prescreened kid-friendly sites. Katherine Borsecnik, a senior vice president at AOL, notes, however, that ―if I have a child who’s doing a report on breast cancer, I might want to turn off the filters‖ since kids-only access would block sites with even straight medical information about breasts.Many parents don’t know that a simple click on the ―history‖ tab, or its equivalent, on a browser tool bar will produce a list of links to every site the computer has visited recently. It’s true that any canny (精明的) 13-year-old knows how to delete incriminating (控告……有罪) evidence. However, programs are available, such as Cyber Snoop, that create a tamperproof (可防止乱摆弄的) database.But even the best of these tools work only when they’re coupled with bold parental involvement. Bonnie fell, of Skokie, Ill., opens all the files that have been downloaded by her two teenager sons at least once a month—―whether the boys are there or not. And they know it.‖ As Jim Lynch, who manages message boards for the Boston-based Family , says, ―Parents are the ultimate filter.‖17.The main idea of this passage is probably _______.A. how to help your child to monitor the netB. how to enable your child to surf the netC. how to encourage your child to study on the netD. how to protect your child on the net18.In steering your children away from what’s worst toward what’s best, you can doall of the following except _____.A.stand beside the computer from time to time when your child is atthe keyboardB.scan the sender’s addresses in any e-mail programC.remind your kids to reveal personal information to anyone onlinewithout your permissione filters and monitors to deny access to offensive or dangerouscontent as kids get older and demand more privacy19.The word ―bar‖ in the fifth paragraph probably means the same as the word_____ in the same passage.A. to steerB. to monitorC. to blockD. to frequent20.The last sentence in this passage probably means _____.A. since the tools are so effective parents don’t need to monitor the kids’ onlineactivity。

Unit 7BehaviorWord Bankoutrageous: very shocking and unacceptable.令人震惊的/ 难以接受的; electric shock触电(terror->terrible->horror->horrible) abhor: v. to hate very much憎恶，讨厌; normal->abnormal [dress: (1)n. 连衣裙/ 长裙; (2) vt. dress<->undress->) address (discuss): v. to deal with处理(pathy=feeling) (a-: away) apathy (=indifference->indifferent冷漠的): n. lack of interest冷淡，无兴趣assign (->assignment=homework): v. to give as a share or duty分派，指派biology (->biological): n. the science that studies living organisms生物学board(->to ~ a plane/ a ship/ a bus; boarding card登机卡; ->boarder董事/房客->boarding school寄宿学校): n. an official body that has responsibility for a particular organization or activity 理事会，董事会(sequence: n.顺序->sequent: adj. 按序排列的) consequence: n. sth. that follows from an action or set of conditions; result后果，结果credit: n. a complete unit of a student's work that forms part of a course, esp. at a university学分/ 信用enlighten: v. t o cause to understand deeply and clearly启蒙，启发holler: v. to shout out呼喊[ID card= identity (card): n. 身份->identify: vt.) identical: adj. similar or the same相同的[machine机器-> machinery机械->mechanic机修工->mechanism机理/ 机制] mechanics: n. the ways in which sth. works, produces results, etc.方法，技巧mentor: n. a person who gives advice to another over a period of time, esp. to help them in their working, life导师pedagogy: n. the practice of teaching or the study of teaching methods教学法[perfect: (1)adj. 完美无缺的; (2)vt. =improve] perfectionist: n. a person who is not satisfied with anything that is not completely perfect完美主义者(plagiarism剽窃现象->) plagiarize: v. to take (words, ideas, etc.) from others' work (著作) and use them in one's own work without giving proper credit to the original author抄袭，剽窃police (policeman<->policewoman): (1)n.警察; (2)vt. to keep a watch on; control监督，控制routine: (1)adj. regular (regulate: vt. 调控); according to what is always habitually done惯常的，例行的; (2)n. 常规; routiner墨守成规者thrill (->thriller悬念片/ 恐怖片->action movie武打片): v. to have a sudden, strong feeling of excitement感到一阵激动Phrases and Expressionscome up with: to think of ; to produce想出，提出deprive sb. of sth.: to take sth. away from somebody剥夺（权利等）feel (be) obliged to: to feel it necessary to do觉得必要做prohibit sb. from doing sth.: to prevent somebody from doing sth.禁止; 阻止某人做某事take one's side: to support sb.; to agree with sb.站在……一边turn in (=hand in<->hand out发给学生作业的->handout 讲义): to hand in上交，交给Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1. In Para. 1 "had been plagiarized" probably means ( D )A. had cheatedB. had copied term papers from the Internet websitesC. had been copied by othersD. had been identified as cheating in term papers2. In Para. 4, "teacher apathy the norm" means ( C )A. teachers take interest in students' cheatingB. teachers show sympathy for students' cheatingC. teachers give a blind eye to students' cheatingD. teachers mind students' cheating3. The word "hit" in Para. 11 means ( C )A. attackB. strikeC. popular routineD. beat4. The tone in Para. 13 is ( A )A. jocularB. sarcasticC. encouragingD. discouraging5. Who are responsible for plagiarism at school, according to the passage? ( A )A. Professors.B. The Internet websites.C. Students themselves.D. Parents on their children's side.II. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.Plagiarism is not a new thing. But with the development of the Internet technology, it has become more and more common. Where should the (1) penalty be placed (put), on the (2) cheaters, on the professors, or on the Internet? The answer is not as clear as (3) crystal (->crystallize). Beyond any (4) doubt, plagiarists ought to be punished. They need to do their own job and, at the same time, respect others. This is the basic (5) discipline (纪律) which they need to develop.What about the professors who show (6) apathy to cheating? They are (7) partly (partially部分地) (hold->) held responsible for the popularity (普及duty of passing knowledge (知识) to students, but also have the duty of cultivating the mentality (intelligence/ morality道德) of their students. If they were (8) apologists when (they are) dealing with students who plagiarize, how could plagiarism be controlled?The Internet websites seem to be to (9) blame, because the copied papers are mostly from the website (10) sources (来源->resources资源). But the purpose and function of websites are not to provide (convenient->) convenience (方便) for plagiarism. Instead (On the contrary), they are to make information much more easily accessible for people who can make proper use of (=use/ utilize使用) it. What's more, in the battle against plagiarism, haven't the websites played their role? VocabularyI. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1. We (lose->lost->lost) lost the election because of the ___C__ to our supporters.A. (anti-: against; anti-Japanese war抗日战争) antipathy (=indifference)B. (sym-: same) sympathy (n. 同情-> sympathize with sb. vt.)C. apathy (n. indifference冷漠)D. empathy (移情别恋)2. She is ___A__ with having saved the company from bankruptcy (prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止…发生).A. credited (记功)B. praisedC. promotedD. attributed (n./ vt. 属性, 品质, 特征, 加于, 归结于)3. I never __D___ in dealing with such matters.A. stand sidesB. be sidesC. stay sides (stay aside闪开)D. take sides (=support)4. You made the wrong decision, and now you must take the __B___.A. resultsB. consequences (后果)C. outcomeD. effect (n.->effective)5. Tom is not __D___ clever in the class.A. specifically (具体)B. specially特殊C. especiallyD. particularly特别提及6. Basic English is a ___C__ in the curriculum for the freshmen (大学一年级学生).A. class班级/阶级/等级B. lecture讲座C. course课程D. lesson一节课/ 教训; I’ll teach him a lesson教训某人.7. The airline has __B___ a novel [(1)n.小说; (2)adj. new] solution to the problem of jet-lag (时差反应).A. come up to (amount to=reach the number)B. come up with拿出C. (fade out昏迷<->) come to苏醒D. come on=go on继续8. Peter (think->) thought the world was flat until I __A___ him.A. enlightened (启发)B. lightened (vt. 减轻, 照亮)C. (light-> lighted/ lit->lit) lightedD. delighted=happy干涉, 干预, 妨碍, 打扰) interfering.A. forcedB. pleasant D. respected10. Writing a [cheque (英) =check (美) is quite a simple __A___.A. procedure (程序)B. process (n.过程/工艺/vt.加工; processed food)C. move (vi.移动; n. 动作)D. action (重大军事行动)II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. thrill turn in quit routine identicalpenalty series faculty address sensitivementor database sinister tempt bargain1. This is a very tempting (=attractive) offer (n. /vt.) and I suggest you give it a consideration. [suggest sth./ doing sth./ that sb. do sth. #suggest sb. to do sth. (错误)]2. He ignored the side issues (side effect副作用) and addressed (dedicated oneself to sth.献身于…事业) himself to the main (major) problem.3. His term paper is identical (=same) to (介词) one thesis I've read on the Internet.4. What a thrilling (=exciting) game; the winner was in doubt (n.是个悬念) until the last minute.5. The soldiers have to turn in (=hand in递交) their guns (枪/炮) when they leave the army.6. She longed to (desire渴望) escape from the (stupid愚蠢的->) stultifying (vt.使显得愚笨, 使变无效, 使成为徒劳) routine of (homework家庭作业) housework (家务劳动).7. She had had enough and quit (=stop) working in the company.8. The patient [(1)n.病人(2)adj.有耐心的] is very sensitive (敏感) to pain.9. The increasing demand [(1)vt.要求; (2)n.需求] has given the company greater bargaining (讨价还价的) power.10. All faculty (一个机构的全体工作人员) members are required to attend the meeting. [(1) vt. attend a class/ meeting; (2)vi. to attend to sb.-> attendant服务员; flight attendant空勤人员] TranslationPut the following paragraph into Chinese.Plagiarists as victims. Teachers as oppressors. It's not your conventional reaction to cheating. Not surprisingly, it has been a hit with many college students, just as it was with the plagiarists at Piper High. The student newspaper at Stanford ran an editorial attacking the use of antiplagiarism software as a potential violation of the school's honor code, which "prohibits professors from taking 'unusual and unreasonable precautions' in their academic procedures." Moreover, the paper said, checking for cheating "might even harm the relationship between students and faculty."参考译文：抄袭者成为了受害者，老师们成了压迫者。

Unite 3 Doctor's Dilemma: Treat or Let Die？Abigail Trafford1。

Medical advances in wonder drugs，daring surgical procedures，radiation therapies，and intensive—care units have brought new life to thousands of people. Yet to many of them, modern medicine has become a double-edged sword。

2。

Doctor’s power to treat with an array of space—age techniques has outstripped the body's capacity to heal. More medical problems can be treated，but for many patients，there is little hope of recovery. Even the fundamental distinction between life and death has been blurred。

3。

Many Americans are caught in medical limbo, as was the South Korean boxer Duk Koo Kim，who was kept alive by artificial means after he had been knocked unconscious in a fight and his brain ceased to function。

With the permission of his family，doctors in Las Vegas disconnected the life-support machines and death quickly followed。

AMERICAN STORIES - A Story for Halloween: 'The Boy on Graves-End Road'PAT BODNAR: Now, the VOA Special English program AMERICAN STORIES.I'm Pat Bodnar. October thirty-first is Halloween. In the spirit of this ancient holiday, we present a story written by Special English reporter and producer Caty Weaver. It's called "The Boy on Graves-End Road.NARRATOR: Kelly Ryan was making dinner. Her ten-year-old son Benjamin was watching television in the living room. Or at least she thought he was.KELLY: "Benny-boy, do you want black beans or red beans?"BEN: "Red beans, Mama."Kelly: "Don't do that, Ben. You scared me half to death! You're going to get it now ... "NARRATOR: Ben had come up quietly right behind her.(SOUND)KELLY: "I'll get back to you, stinker!"NARRATOR: Kelly goes to the phone, but as soon as she lays her hand on it, the ringing stops.KELLY: "How strange. Oh, the beans!"NARRATOR: Kelly turns her attention back to cooking. As soon as she does, the phone rings again.KELLY: "Honey, can you get that?"BEN: "Hello? Oh, hi. Yes, I remember. Sure, it sounds fun. Let me ask my mom. Can you hold? She might wanna talk to your mom. Oh, um, OK. See you tomorrow."KELLY: "Ben, your rice and beans are on the table. Let's eat."(SOUND)KELLY: "So, what was that call about?"BEN: "That was Wallace Gray. You know him, from class. He wants to play tomorrow. Can I go home with him after school? Please, Mom? I get bored around here waiting for you after work."KELLY: "But, Ben, I don't even know his parents. Maybe I should talk to them."BEN: "You can't, Mom. He was with his babysitter. He said his parents wouldn't be home until late tonight and they would leave before he went to school in the morning. Please Mom, Wallace lives right over on Graves-End Road. It's afive-minute walk from here. PLEASE,?"KELLY: "Well, OK. What's so great about this guy, anyway? You've got a ton of friends to play with."BEN: "I know. But Wallace is just different. He's got a lot of imagination."NARRATOR: The school week passes, and Ben starts to go home almost every day with Wallace. Kelly notices a change in her son. He seems tired and withdrawn. His eyes do not seem to really look at her. They seem ... lifeless. On Friday night she decides they need to have a talk.KELLY: "Sweetie, what's going on with you? You seem so tired and far away. Is something wrong? Did you and your new friend have a fight?"BEN:"No, Mom. We've been having a great time. There's nothing wrong with us. Why don't you like Wallace? You don't even know him, but you don't trust him."KELLY: "Benjamin, what are you talking about? I don't dislike Wallace. You're right, I don't know him. You just don't seem like yourself. You've been very quiet the past few nights."BEN: "I'm sorry, Mom. I guess I'm just tired. I have a great time with Wallace. We play games like cops and robbers, but they seem so real that half of the time I feel like I'm in another world. It's hard to explain. It's like, it's like ... "KELLY: "I think the word you're looking for is intense."BEN: "Yeah, that's it -- it's intense."KELLY: "Well, tell me about today. What kind of game did you play?"(SOUND)BEN: "We were train robbers. Or Wallace was. I was a station manager. Wallace was running through a long train, from car to car. He had stolen a lot of money and gold from the passengers. I was chasing right behind him, moving as fast as I could. Finally he jumps out of the train into the station to make his escape. But I block his path. He grabs a woman on the station platform. She screams 'No, no!' But he yells 'Let me through, or she dies.' So I let him go."KELLY: "What happened then?"BEN: "Well, that's what was weird and, like you said, intense. Wallace threw the lady onto the tracks. And laughed. He said that's what evil characters do in games. They always do the worst."NARRATOR: Later, after Ben went to bed, Kelly turned on the eleven o'clock news. She was only half-listening as she prepared a list of things to do the next day, on Halloween.KELLY: "Let's see, grocery shopping, Halloween decorating, dog to the groomer, hardware store, clean up the garden ...(SOUND)NEWS ANNOUNCER: "... the victim, who has not been identified, was killed instantly. Reports say it appears she was pushed off the station platform into the path of the oncoming train. It happened during rush hour today. Some witnesses reported seeing two boys running and playing near the woman. But police say they did not see any images like that on security cameras at the station. In other news, there was more trouble today as workers protested outside the Hammond ... "KELLY: "No! It can't be. The station is an hour away. They couldn't have gotten there. How could they? It's just a coincidence."NARRATOR: The wind blew low and lonely that night. Kelly slept little. She dreamed she was waiting for Ben at a train station. Then, she saw him on the other side, running with another little boy.It must be Wallace she thought. The little boy went in and out of view. Then, all of a sudden, he stopped and looked across the tracks -- directly at her.He had no face.NARRATOR: Saturday morning was bright and sunny, a cool October day. Kelly made Ben eggs and toast and watched him eat happily.KELLY: "You know, Benny-boy, a woman DID get hurt at the train station yesterday. She actually got hit by a train. Isn't that strange?"NARRATOR: She looked at Ben.BEN: "What do you mean, Mom?"KELLY: "Well, you and Wallace were playing that game yesterday. About being at a train station. You said he threw a woman off the platform, and she was killed by a train."NARRATOR: Kelly felt like a fool even saying the words. She was speaking to a ten-year-old who had been playing an imaginary game with anotherten-year-old. What was she thinking?BEN: "I said we played that yesterday? I did? Hmmm. No, we played that a few days ago, I think. It was just a really good game, really intense. Yesterday we played pirates. I got to be Captain Frank on the pirate ship, the Argh."Wallace was Davey, the first mate. But he tried to rebel and take over the ship so I made him walk the plank. Davey walked off into the sea and drowned. Wallace told me I had to order him to walk the plank. He said that's what evil pirates do."KELLY: "I guess he's right. I don't know any pirates, but I do hear they're pretty evil!"BEN: "So can I play with Wallace today when you are doing your errands? Please, Mom? I don't want to go shopping and putting up Halloween decorations."KELLY: "Oh, whatever. I guess so. I'll pick you up at Wallace's house at about five-thirty, so you can get ready for trick or treating. Where does he live again?BEN: "Graves-End Road. I don't know the street number but there are only two houses on each side. His is the second one on the left."KELLY: "OK. I can find that easy enough. Do you still want me to pick up a ghost costume for you?"BEN: "Yep. Oh, and guess what, Mom: Wallace says he's a ghost, too! I suppose we'll haunt the neighborhood together."NARRATOR: Everywhere Kelly went that day was crowded. She spent an hour and a half just at the market. When she got home, decorating the house for Halloween was difficult.But finally she had it all up the way she wanted.KELLY: "Oh, gosh, five already. I don't even have Ben's costume."NARRATOR: She jumped into her car and drove to Wilson Boulevard. The party store was just a few blocks away.Kelly finally found a space for her car. The store was crowded with excited kids and hurried parents. But Kelly soon found the ghost costume that Ben wanted. She bought it and walked out of the store.EILEEN: "Hey, Kelly! Long time no see. How's Benjamin doing?"KELLY: "Eileen! Wow, it's great to see you. How's Matt? We've been so busy since the school year started, we haven't seen anyone!"EILEEN: "Matt's good. Well, he broke his arm last month so no sports for him. It is driving him crazy, but at least he's got a lot of time for school now!"EILEEN: "Anyway, Matt was wondering why Benny-boy never comes by anymore. We saw him running around the neighborhood after school last week. It looks like he's having fun, but he's always alone. We don't need to set up a play date. Ben should know that. You just tell him to come by anytime -- "KELLY: "Wait, wait a minute. Alone? What do mean alone? He started playing with a new friend, Wallace somebody, after school, like everyday this past week. Ben hasn't been alone. Wallace Gray, that's it. Do you know him? Does Matt?"EILEEN: "Oh, Kell. Kelly, I'm sure he's a fine kid. I don't know him but don't worry, Ben's got great taste in friends, we know that! I'm sure he wasn't really alone, he was probably just playing hide and seek or something. I didn't mean to worry you. I guess everybody's on edge because of what happened to the Godwin boy this morning."NARRATOR: Kelly suddenly felt cold and scared. What Godwin boy? And what happened to him? She was not sure she wanted to know, but she had to ask.EILEEN: "Frank Godwin's youngest boy, Davey, the five-year-old. You know Frank, we call him Captain. He used to be a ship captain. Well, this morning the rescue squad found Davey in Blackhart Lake. They also found a little toy boatthat his dad made for him. Davey and his dad named it the Argh. Davey must have been trying to sail it. It's so sad."KELLY: "Wait, he's dead?EILEEN: "Yes. Davey drowned."KELLY: "Where's Blackhart Lake?"EILEEN: "It's right off Graves-End Road, right behind that little cemetery. That's why they call it Graves-End. Kelly, where are you going?"Kelly: "I've got to get Benjamin."(MUSIC)NARRATOR: Kelly raced down Main Street. She had no idea who Wallace Gray was or how he was involved in any of this. But she did not trust him and she knew her child was in danger.Finally she was at Graves-End Road.BEN: "Only two houses on each side."NARRATOR: She remembered what Ben had told her.EILEEN: "Right behind that little cemetery."NARRATOR: And what Eileen had told her. Kelly got out of the car and walked down the street. She looked around.BEN: "It's the second one on the left."NARRATOR: She could see the lake. Some fog was coming up as the sky darkened on this Halloween night. But there was no second house. Instead, what lay before her was grass and large white stones. The cemetery. Kelly walked through the gate into the yard of graves.Kelly: "Ben?"NARRATOR: No answer. She kept walking.KELLY: "Ben? Answer me. I know you're here."NARRATOR: Again no answer. But the wind blew and some leaves began to dance around a headstone. Kelly walked slowly toward the grave. Suddenly the sky blackened -- so dark, she could not see anything. She felt a force pushing at her. It tried to push her away from the grave. But she knew she had to stay.KELLY: "Benjamin Owen Orr, this is your mother. Come out this second!"NARRATOR: No one answered, except for the sound of the blowing wind. The darkness lifted. Silvery moonlight shone down directly onto the old gravestone in front of her. But Kelly already knew whose name she would see.KELLY: "'Wallace Gray. October thirty-first, nineteen hundred, to October thirty-first, nineteen hundred and ten. Some are best when laid to rest.'"NARRATOR: Kelly took a deep breath. Then ...KELLY: "Wallace Gray this play date is OVER! Give me back my son. Wallace, you are in TIME-OUT."NARRATOR: Suddenly, the ground shoots upward like a small volcano. Soil, sticks and worms fly over Kelly's head and rain down again -- followed by her son, who lands beside her.BEN: (COUGHING, CHOKING)KELLY: "Ben! Ben!"BEN: (COUGHING, CHOKING) "Mom, Mom! Are you there? I can't see. All this dirt in my eyes."KELLY: "Ben, I'm here, I'm here baby, right here. Oh, sweet Benny-boy. Can you breathe? Are you really ok? What happened? How long were you in there?"BEN: "I don't know, Mom. But I didn't like it. I didn't like where Wallace lives. I want to go home."KELLY: "Oh, me too, Sweetie. C'mon, Ben, put your arm around me. C'mon.(SOUNDS)BEN: "And Mom, one more thing ... "KELLY: "What is it, Ben?"BEN "I don't want to be a ghost for Halloween."(MUSIC)PAT BODNAR: Our story "The Boy on Graves-End Road" was written and produced by Caty Weaver. The voices were Andrew Bracken, Faith Lapidus, Katherine Cole, Shirley Griffith and Jim Tedder. I'm Pat Bodnar.Join us again next week for another American story in VOA Coming to Terms With Academic Titles at US CollegesThis is the VOA Special English Education Report.Not everyone who teaches in a college or university is a professor. Many are instructors or lecturers. In fact, not even all professors are full professors. Many of them are assistant or associate professors or adjunct professors.So what do all of these different academic titles mean at American colleges and universities? Get ready for a short lecture, especially if you are thinking of a career in higher education.Professors usually need a doctoral degree. But sometimes a school will offer positions to people who have not yet received their doctorate.This person would be called an instructor until the degree has been completed. After that, the instructor could become an assistant professor. Assistant professors do not have tenure.Tenure means a permanent appointment. This goal of greater job security is harder to reach these days. Fewer teaching positions offer the chance for tenure.Teachers and researchers who are hired into positions that do offer it are said to be "on the tenure track." Assistant professor is the first job on this path.Assistant professors generally have five to seven years to gain tenure. During this time, other faculty members study the person's work. If tenure is denied, then the assistant professor usually has a year to find another job.Candidates for tenure may feel great pressure to get research published. "Publish or perish" is the traditional saying.An assistant professor who receives tenure becomes an associate professor. An associate professor may later be appointed a full professor.Assistant, associate and full professors perform many duties. They teach classes. They advise students. And they carry out research. They also serve on committees and take part in other activities.Other faculty members are not expected to do all these jobs. They are not on a tenure track. Instead, they might be in adjunct or visiting positions.A visiting professor has a job at one school but works at another for a period of time. An adjunct professor is also a limited or part-time position, to do research or teach classes. Adjunct professors have a doctorate.Another position is that of lecturer. Lecturers teach classes, but they may or may not have a doctorate.And that's the VOA Special English Education Report, written by Nancy Steinbach. You and read and listen to our reports, and get information on how to study in the United States, at . I'm Barbara Klein.EDUCATION REPORT - Early Classes = Sleepy Teens(Duh!)This is the VOA Special English Education Report.Surveys of American teenagers find that about half of them do not get enough sleep on school nights. They get an average of sixty to ninety minutes less than experts say they need.One reason for this deficit is biology. Experts say teens are biologically programmed to go to sleep later and wake up later than other age groups. Yet many schools start classes as early as seven in the morning.As a result, many students go to class feeling like sixteen-year-old Danny. He plays two sports, lacrosse(曲棍球) and football. He is an active teen -- except in the morning.DANNY: "Getting up in the morning is pretty terrible. I'm just very out of it and tired. And then going to school I'm out of it, and through first and second period I can barely stay awake."Michael Breus is a clinical psychologist with a specialty in sleep disorders.MICHAEL BREUS: "These aren't a bunch of lazy kids -- although, you know, teenagers can of course be lazy. These are children whose biological rhythms, more times than not, are off."Teens, he says, need to sleep eight to nine hours or even nine to ten hours a night. He says sleepy teens can experience a form of depression that couldhave big effects on their general well-being. It can affect not just their ability in the classroom but also on the sports field and on the road.Michael Breus says any tired driver is dangerous, but especially a teenager with a lack of experience.So what can schools do about sleepy students? The psychologist says one thing they can do is start classes later in the morning. He points to studies showing that students can improve by a full letter grade in their first- and second-period classes.Eric Peterson is the head of St. George's School in the northeastern state of Rhode Island. He wanted to see if a thirty-minute delay would make a difference. It did.He says visits to the health center by tired students decreased by half. Late arrivals to first period fell by a third. And students reported that they were less sleepy during the day.Eric Peterson knows that changing start times is easier at a small, private boarding school like his. But he is hopeful that other schools will find a way.ERIC PETERSON: "In the end, schools ought to do what's the right thing for their students, first and foremost."Patricia Moss, an assistant dean at St. George's School, says students were not the only ones reporting better results.PATRICIA MOSS: "I can say that, anecdotally, virtually all the teachers noticed immediately much more alertness in class, definitely more positive mood. Kids were happier to be there at eight-thirty than they were at eight."And that's the VOA Special English Education Report. You can read, listen and comment on our programs at . We're also on Facebook and Twitter at VOA Learning English. I'm Bob Doughty.___Reporting by Julie Taboh, adapted by Lawan DavisSpecial English.WORDS AND THEIR STORIES - Words and Their Stories: Nicknames forChicagoBroadcast date: 1-10-2010 / Written by Carl SandburgFrom /voanews/specialenglish/Now, the VOA Special English program, WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.A nickname is a shortened version of a person's name. A nickname also can describe a person, place or thing. Many American cities have interesting nicknames. These can help establish an identity, spread pride among citizens and build unity. (MUSIC: "Chicago")Chicago, Illinois was once the second largest city in the United States. So, one of its nicknames is The Second City. Over the years, the population of Chicago has decreased. Today it is the third largest American city.However, another nickname for Chicago is still true today. It is The Windy City. Chicago sits next to Lake Michigan, one of North America's Great Lakes. Language expert Barry Popick says on his website that Chicago was called a "windy city" because of the wind that blows off of Lake Michigan. In the eighteen sixties and seventies, Chicago was advertised as an ideal place to visit in the summer because of this cool wind.But anyone who has ever lived in Chicago knows how cold that wind can be in winter. The wind travels down the streets between tall buildings in the center of the city.Barry Popick says other cities in the central United States called Chicago a "windy city." This meant that people in Chicago liked to brag or talk about how great their city was. They were full of wind or full of hot air. He says newspapers in Cincinnati, Ohio used this expression in the eighteen seventies.Chicago was an important agricultural, industrial and transportation center for the country.In nineteen sixteen, the city gained two more nicknames from a poem called "Chicago," written by Carl Sandburg. Here is the first part of the poem:Hog Butcher for the World,Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat,Player with Railroads and the Nation's Freight Handler;Stormy, husky, brawling,City of the Big Shoulders.Chicago was called Hog Butcher for the World because of its huge meat-processing industry. And, it was called The City of the Big Shoulders or City of Broad Shoulders because of its importance to the nation.There are several songs about Chicago. "My Kind of Town" was made popular by Frank Sinatra in nineteen sixty-four.(MUSIC)This program was written by Shelley Gollust. I'm Faith Lapidus.Qs: How many nicknames does Chicago have?The Second city, windy city, hog butcher and the city of the big shoulder. Contrary to popular belief, Sam Walton (the founder of Wal-Mart) was not from Arkansas. He was actually born in Kingfisher, Oklahoma on March 29, 1918. He was raised in Missouri where he worked in his father's store while attending school. This was his first retailing experience and he really enjoyed it. After graduating from the University of Missouri in 1940, he began his own career as a retail merchant when he opened the first of several franchises of the Ben Franklin five-and-dime franchises in Arkansas.This would lead to bigger and better things and he soon opened his first Wal-Mart store in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas. Wal-Mart specialized in name-brands at low prices and Sam Walton was surprised at the success. Soon a chain of Wal-Mart stores sprang up across rural America.Walton's management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts of management that are still in use today. After taking the company public in 1970, Walton introduced his "profit sharing plan". The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profitability of the store. Sam Walton believed that "individuals don't win, teams do". Employees at Wal-Mart stores were offered stock options and store discounts. These benefits are commonplace today, but Walton was among the first to implement them. Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers and more sales. Walton believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the company's success, they would care about the company.By the 1980s, Wal-Mart had sales of over one billion dollars and over three hundred stores across North America. Wal-Mart's unique decentralized distribution system, also Walton's idea, created the edge needed to further spur growth in the 1980s amidst growing complaints that the "superstore" was squelching smaller, traditional Mom and Pop stores. By 1991, Wal-Mart was the largest U.S. retailer with 1,700 stores. Walton remained active in managing the company, as president and CEO until 1988 and chairman until his death. He was awarded the Medal of Freedom shortly before his death.Walton died in 1992, being the world's second richest man, behind Bill Gates. He passed his company down to his three sons, daughter and wife. Wal-Mart Stores Incorporated (locatedin Bentonville, Arkansas) is also in charge of "Sams Club". Wal-Mart stores now operate in Mexico, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, South Korea, China and Puerto Rico. Sam Walton's visions were indeed successful.Will Computers Replace Human Beings?We are in the computer age today. The computers are working all kinds of wonders now. They are very useful in automatic control and data processing. At the same time, computers are finding their way into the home. They seem to be so clever and can solve such complicated problems that some people think sooner or later they will replace us.But I do not think that there is such a possibility. My reason is very simple: computers are machines, not humans. And our tasks are far too various and complicated for any one single kind of machine to perform.Probably the greatest difference between man and computer is that the former can do things of his own while the latter can do nothing without being programmed. In my opinion, computers will remain nothing but an extension of our human brains, no matter how clever and complicated they may become.Դ: /exam/22608.shtml。

晓敏，这是我找到这些资料的那个网址：/Able.Acc2.Web/Template/View.aspx?wmz=3763&courseType=1&cours eId=71&topMenuId=44197&menuType=4&contentId=3763&action=view&type=&name=1.样题Sample for Oral English Test of BUAA (June 25,2006)Section I (2 minutes)Interlocutor:Good morning/Good afternoon! [To Candidate A] Could you please tell me your name?[To Candidate B] And yours?Now I am going to ask you some questions about yourselves.[To Candidate A]How do you like living in Beijing?[To Candidate B]How do you like shopping in a supermarket?[One or two questions for each candidate.]Section II (6 minutes)Interlocutor:Now I’m going to give each of you a picture and I’d like you to first describe it and then give comments on it [give pictures to Candidate A and Candidate B]. You have 1 minute to prepare and each of you will have one and a half minutes for your presentation.Interlocutor:[After 1 minute] Now, [Candidate A], let [Candidate B] have a look at your picture. [To Candidate B] Please listen attentively to [Candidate A] and ask him/her a question after his/her presentation.Interlocutor:[To Candidate A] Would you please begin?[After 1.5 minutes] ……[To Candidate B] Could you please ask him/her a question based on his/her presentation?……Interlocutor:Thank you.[To Candidate B] Now, please let [Candidate A] have a look at your picture.[Candidate B] Would you please begin?[After 1.5 minutes] ……[To Candidate A] Could you please ask him/her a question based on his/her presentation?Thank you. [Take back the pictures.]Section III (5 minutes)Interlocutor:Now, I’d like you to talk about something together. I’m just going to listen [Put a card in front of both candidates]. [To Candidate A] You have problems as described on the card. Now you discuss the problem with your best friend (Candidate B). Together you work out a solution to the problem. Finish your conversation within 3 minutes. Now you have one minute to prepare.[One minute later] Now please begin your discussion.[If one candidate talks too long]Sorry, I’ll have to stop you, let’s listen to what … has to say.[If one candidate keeps silent for a long time]Now, …, could you please say something about your view of …?All right, that’s the end of the test. Thank you.2.北航英语口语考试大纲返回上一级2005年制定一、考试性质“北航英语口语考试”（BUAA Spoken English Test, 简称BUAA-SET），是由北京航空航天大学外语系设计、开发的，面向全校非英语专业本科生的口语考试。