硕士英语 汉译英

翻译硕士（MTI）（英语笔译）（学科专业代码：580100）一、学位名称翻译硕士专业学位（英语笔译）二、培养目标1.培养德智体全面发展的人才。

要求学生有坚定正确的政治方向，热爱祖国，有理想，遵纪守法，有敬业精神，有职业道德，有团队合作精神，有健康的体魄和心智。

2.掌握一门第二外国语；培养有国际视野、交流才能和创新意识的具有坚实的双语基础、专业知识和口笔译技能，适应国家经济、文化、社会发展需要的高层次、应用型、专业性笔译人才。

三、学习年限2年四、培养方式1.实行学分制。

学生须通过学校规定课程的考试，成绩及格即取得相应学分；修满规定学分后可撰写学位论文；学位论文经答辩通过可申请翻译硕士专业学位。

2.实行导师组集体指导制。

导师组由校内导师及社会翻译专家共同构成。

3.试行课内教学与课外实践相结合的培养模式。

学生在完成规定课程学习的基础上，还应充分利用寒、暑假及课余完成大约十万字的笔译实践。

五、课程类型及学分总学分：30 学分其中，学位基础课： 3门课 6学分专业必修程： 4门课 8学分专业选修课： 7门课 14学分社会实践与学术会议：提交4篇相关论文 2学分鼓励学生参加国家人事部II级或教育部中级笔译资格证书考试，获证书者计2学分。

六、学位论文及学位授予学生修满规定学分，各科成绩合格，在导师指导下撰写出学位论文并通过答辩，准予毕业并发给翻译硕士专业学位研究生毕业证书，符合《中华人民共和国学位条例》者，授予翻译硕士专业学位。

论文形式二选一：研究论文或实践报告，二者均要求用英语写作，前者字数一万至一万五，后者八千左右。

七、学位论文撰写时间安排6月答辩时间安排12月答辩时间安排八、课程设置九、必读书目I．专著类1．连淑能．《英汉对比研究》．高等教育出版社．1993．2．周兆祥．《翻译与人生》．中国对外翻译出版公司．1998．3．段连城．《怎样对外介绍中国》．中国对外翻译出版公司．1993．4．琼〃平卡姆．《中式英语之鉴》．外语教学与研究出版社．2003．5．金圣华．《齐向译道行》．（《英语世界》2004年至今连载）．6．方梦之．《实用文本汉译英》．青岛出版社．2004．7．陈小慰．《新编实用翻译教程》．经济科学出版社．2006．8．张健．《报刊语言翻译》．高等教育出版社．2008．9．陈刚．《旅游翻译与涉外导游》．中国对外翻译出版公司．2004．10．贾文波．《汉英时文翻译教程》．中国对外翻译出版公司．2008．11．常玉田．《经贸汉译英教程》．对外经济贸易大学出版社．2002．12．王颖．《公示语汉英翻译》．对外经济贸易大学出版社．2007．13．方梦之、范武邱．《科技翻译教程》．上海外语教育出版社．2008．14．Nida, Eugene, Language and Culture, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2001．15．William, Jenny & Andrew Chesterman．The Map: A Beginner’s Guide to Doing Research in Translation Studies．Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004．II．报刊类1．《中国翻译》2．《上海翻译》3．《东方翻译》4．《中国科技翻译》5．《中国科技术语》6．《英语世界》7．《译神》（电子杂志）8．《语言桥之声》9．China Daily10．Beijing ReviewIII．工具书类1．《汉英外事工作常用词汇》编篡委员会．《汉英外事工作常用词汇》外文出版社．2000．2．中国日报网站．《汉英最新特色词汇》．上海社会科学院出版社．2002．3．张健．《报刊新词英译词典》．上海科技教育出版社．2001．4．方凡泉．《新汉英分类口译词典》．世界图书出版公司．2003．5．杨全红．《简明汉英时事用语手册》．知识出版社．2002．。

英语翻译基础（汉译英）模拟试卷十1. 中国将坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，继续加强同发展中国家的团结合作，同它们一道维护发展中国家正当合理的权益。

同时，我们要进一步致力于稳定周边、巩固睦邻友好。

我们还将不断地充实与各个大国已经建立或正在建立的未来关系框架的内涵。

我们将更积极地参与国际事务和各种多边外交活动，坚决反对霸权主义、强权政治，推动在世界上建立公平合理、平等互利的国际政治、经济新秩序。

标准答案China will unswervingly observe the independent and peaceful foreign policy. It will continue to reinforce its solidarity and cooperation with the developing countries in the world and, together with them, to safeguard the just and reasonable rights of the developing countries. At the same time, we will be further committed to stabilizing our peripheral areas and to consolidating the harmonious friendship withour neighboring countries. We will also make continued efforts to enrich the implications of the framework of the future relations that have been established or that are being established with all the major countries of the world. We will take more positive steps to participate in international affairs and in various kinds of multilateral diplomatic activities. China will remain firm in its opposition to hegemonism, power politics and will endeavor to promote the establishment of a new internationalpolitical and economic order that is fair, reasonable, equal and reciprocally beneficial.2. 中国将坚定不移地综合执行和平独立的外交政策。

硕士英语综合教程1u n i t1-6课后汉译英答案(总2页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Unit11. Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.2. Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will take it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.3. Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country is top finance official said the situation would continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since 2006.4. As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.5. Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased three times in the past few years.6. The . government has called on people to save water, because the scarcity of water has become a source of global ecological, economic and political problems.7. In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it isessential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state-of-the-art technologies and equipment.8. If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again, because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.Unit21. Foreigners in China must abide by Chinese laws and should not endanger the national security of China, harm public interests and disrupt public order.2. Love does not lie in gazing at each other but in looking forward together in the same direction.3. When learning any foreign language, one has to learn, first and foremost, its new phonological and grammar systems, which means acquiring a totally unfamiliar set of language learning habits.4. Financial experts suggest that to the women under 30, the income of this phase in general is the lowest.5. China will increase dialogue and cooperation with the . and the international community to crack down on all forms of terrorist activities.6. Now is the time to make a careful plan according to the list, so you should put the most important and urgent thing first.7. In accordance with your request, we are sending the sample pages of the dictionary, and meanwhile your valuable suggestions are welcomed.8. In addition, advertisers appeal to the people's desire for health and reputation, to desire to be in fashion, self-esteem, psychological of make others envy and jealousy.Unit31. The Confucian thought has a long history. It have a profound impact on China's political, ideological, science, technology,culture and art, it is an important part of traditional Chinese culture.2. In fact, what we have done over the past years and will do in the future with the products must coincide with the requirement of WTO.3. In an increasingly globalized world, the diversity of religious and cultural should be used to promote social justice, tolerance andunderstanding, as well as international peace and security, it's not as a reason for a new ideological and political confrontation.4. The initial stage of marriage doesn't only involves adapting to another man's existence and their habits.5. Whether you have used the software or not, you may already be familiar with some of its functions, but the latest version is rated as an important milestone in the progression of its development.6. In the case of default, when you delete most of the files, you do not really delete these files, they are just moved to the Recycle Bin, so still take up disk space.7. The effect of painkillers will wear off within a few hours，butits advantage is few side effects.8. Ecological civilization is the only way to global sustainable development，the best way to protect the Earth's ecosystems, the inevitable choice of human development.Unit41. However, it often happens that the thinking lags behind the actual, because human cognition is limited by many social conditions.2. Something big was in the offing, so big that the workers at the Simonson plant had been arrested to avoid any information leaked out.3. Only by understanding the nature of thinking mode, can man put forward new ideas in philosophy, and the crux of philosophical innovation lies in the change of man's thinking mode.4. From then on, he struggled in his attempts to overcome his poor social status and insinuate himself into upper-class society.5. It is a far cry from the days when I was just a clerk in a supermarket and nobody paid me ant attention.6. The invention of the microprocessor set the stage for the microcomputer——personal computer revolution——ordinary people can afford the price of this kind of computer.7. So there is no such thing as an enemy in absolute terms. The enemies we face are only in relative terms, constantly changing with the times.8. Whether from history or the perspective of international law, Taiwan beyond dispute is one part of China's sacred territory and itis an inviolable mission of the entire Chinese people to reunify the motherland.Uint61. There are many wonderful and exciting things waiting for you in New Beijing, a vibrant modern metropolis with 3,000 years of history and culture woven into the urban prosperity.2. He is such an enthusiastic fans that he tends to hold forth on his favorite team whenever it is mentioned.3. The education system must outfit the young generation with the necessary knowledge, attitudes and values to ensure they keep up with the new age which there might be no jobs but only opportunities.4. The anxious mother searched high and low for her missing son, only to find him sleeping sound in the mess of toys in his own bedroom.5. In order to find a more effective treatment methods, the hospital will actively cooperate with a local research institute to look for genetic markers that correlate with this chronic disease.6. The accounting system of an enterprise consists of the methods, procedures, and devices used by an economic entity to keep track ofits financial activities and to summarize these activities.7. When she graduated from college, Cindy decided to go back to workin the orphanage where she had been brought up, because her heart was overstuffed with gratitude and warmth for those who had generouslyhelped her in her growth and she wanted to be like them also to give help to the kids who had lost their parents.8. NASA planned to splurge on the feasibility of the project of sending astronauts to Mars and having them settle down on it.。

1. 她计划自己创业。

(set up)She plans to set up her own business.2. 态度也很重要。

Attitude also matters.3. 她在客人们到达之前把所有的家具都擦亮了。

She had polished all the furniture before the guests arrived.4. 有些经理不知道如何与人打交道。

Some managers have no idea how to handle people.5. 我们完成那项工作的时间打破了纪录。

We finished the work in record time.6. 她喜欢东西都摆好以后再开始工作。

She likes everything to be in place before she starts working.7. 她常常一天工作12个小时。

She often puts in 12 hours’ work a day.8. 他是从报纸上得到这一消息的。

He acquired the information from the newspapers.9. 我们部门有一个助理的职位空缺。

There’s an opening for an assistant in our department.10. 该组织者旨在促进各国之间的友谊。

The organization works to promote friendship between nations.Unit 21. 今晚她很可能给我打电话。

She is very likely to ring me tonight.2. 我看不懂这篇文章。

Understanding this article is beyond my capacity.3. 新刷的一层油漆可使房间焕然一新。

A fresh coat of paint can transform a room.4. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。

翻译硕士基础英语题型
翻译硕士基础英语的题型可能包括以下几种：
1.阅读理解：阅读一篇或多篇英语文章，然后回答有关文
章内容的问题。

2.完形填空：阅读一篇文章，其中某些单词或短语被省略
，考生需要选择最恰当的词或短语填空。

3.词汇和语法：这可能包括单词的定义、同义词、反义词
，以及语法规则的应用等。

4.英译汉和汉译英：这可能包括整篇文章的翻译，也可能
只包括特定的句子或段落。

5.写作：这可能包括写作文、报告、评论或者其它类型的
写作。

6.听力理解：听取英语录音，然后回答有关内容的问题。

以上的题型都可能出现在翻译硕士基础英语的考试中，具体的题型可能根据不同的考试和考试机构有所不同。

41-45 CADBC 46-50 BCADD 51-55 BDDAB 56-60 BDBCB 61-65 CDACA 66-70 CBADC 71-75 CACBD76-80 ACDAB 16. A lawyer 17. In Central Park on Fifth Avenue 18. To house the museum’s growing collections19. Artistic medium 20. (advanced) research (project)英译汉：尽管布什政府承诺让伊拉克人管理自己的政府，但和平和秩序还很遥远。

一方面，萨达姆仍下落不明；另一方面，激增的暴力行为、流血事件、自杀性爆炸和人们走向街头抗议使美国陷于尴尬的境地。

布什政府最近发表讲话，似乎是回应民主党总统候选人的批评意见。

这些人批评高层决策者未能预料到将来日益增多的困难。

人们希望联合国积极参与这个饱经战乱国家的重建工作并在和平解决伊拉克面临的问题当中发挥更积极的作用。

汉译英：Those who take the entrance examination for graduate schools spend much (far) more time on English than on other subjects, hoping for (in the hope of getting) the highest possible scores of English. Many people are convinced that the secret to success is to attend training courses and learn many sample writing by heart, only to find that doesn’t work. Their effort to improve their English can’t pay off easily.GET 2004年6月参考答案1-5 DDABC 6-10 ACBBA 11-15 BDCDB 21-25 DDCAB 26-30 BABCB 31-35 ACACD 36-40 BCADC41-45 ACDBA 46-50 DBDAC 51-55 CCADA 56-60 CBCAC 61-65 BDABD 66-70 DACCA 71-75 BCCDD76-80 CADAB 16. The best solar-powered house 17. Department of Energy 18. 14 19. $250,00020. To show Americans that solar energy works.英译汉：语言学是认知科学的一个分支，在语言习得和分类方面已得到系统的研究和阐述。

UNIT 31. Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you, specifically, what the values are that Americans live by. They have never given the matter much thought.2. Even if Americans had considered this question, they would probably, in the end, decide not to answer in terms of a definitive list of values. The reason for this decision is itself one very American value —their belief that every individual is so unique that the same list of values could never be applied to all, or even most, of their fellow citizens.3. Although Americans may think of themselves as being more varied and unpredictable than they actually are, it is significant that they think they are. Americans tend to think they have been only slightly influenced by family, church or schools. In the end, each believes, “I personally chose which values I want to live my own life by.”4. The different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs, assumptions and values of that particular group. When you encounter an action, or hear a statement in the United States that surprises you, try to see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed here.5. Before proceeding to the list itself, we should also point out that Americans see all of these values as very positive ones. They are not aware, for example, that the people in many Third World countries view some of these values as negative or threatening.In fact, all of these American values are judged by many of the world’s citizens as negative and undesirable. Therefore, it is not enough simply to familiarize yourself with these values. You must also, so far as possible, consider them without the negative or derogatory connotation that they might have for you, based on your own experience and cultural identity.Personal Control over the Environment6. Americans no longer believe in the power of Fate, and they have come to look at people who do as being backward, primitive, or hopelessly naive. To be called “fatalistic” is one of the worst criticisms one can receive in the American context; to an American, it means one is superstitious and lazy, unwilling to take any initiative in bringing about improvement.7. In the United States, people consider it normal and right that Man should control Nature, rather than the other way around. More specifically, people believe every single individual should have control over whatever in the environment might potentially affect him or her. 1.大多数美国人在谈起其赖以生存的价值观时会感到力不从心。

2015年翻译硕士考研真题汇总，缩略词解析各个学校常考英语翻译基础词汇解析同济大学英语翻译基础汉译英：人民币升值，中共十八大三中全会，校友录，中国(上海)自由贸易试验区，成本最小化，资源配置，财产担保，包容性增长英译汉：Obamacare，Likonomics，payment of liquidated damage，Outlaws of the Marsh，selfie，the Engineering Employer，brokerage fee南京师范大学英语翻译基础词汇翻译：API CBD FOB BBS OTC TQC EEC MIT pairing—assistance community—level democracy,without imposing a single solution,advantages of a late comer,greenery coverage,designated driver,蜗居，忧患意识，团购优惠券，盲目投资，农家乐，小产权房，地沟油，地王，生态移民，公务用车，工伤保险，加强党性修养，事业编制，解决民生问题，信访办汉语写作与百科名词解释：金砖国家，高附加值产业，大宗商品市场，非洲联盟，非洲一体化，肯尼亚，基础设施，后现代趋势，弗吉尼亚伍尔芙，奥斯卡奖，蜂窝数据流量，WI-FI南京大学英语翻译基础Masscult ISO OPEC NATO UNESCO I-STEEL YOG World Intellectual Property Organization CBD IMF Greenhouse effect自动售票机货到付款泡沫经济绿色食品打假反腐倡廉素质教育网民工业园区市场准入和平过渡脱口秀YOG、UNSECO、ISO、OPEC、Euromart、The European Economic Community、CBD、negative population growth、World Intellectual Property Organization、I-steel、工业园区、绿色食品、泡沫经济、和平过渡，、网民、、战略伙伴关系名词解释：全球化、欧元区、发达国家、通胀、CPI、“量化宽松”、莫言、植被、民族、网络文学、诺贝尔文学奖、南京、长江、六朝、李白、王安石、转基因作物、抗体西南财经大学英语翻译基础科举制调控房价安居工程儒家思想文化发展格局GMT FIFA entra terrestrial口蹄疫中央情报局CEO FIFA GMT个人全能比赛安居工程养老保险金文化发展格局科举制儒家思想调控房价国家重点学科undisputed victory green house effect四川外语学院英语翻译基础civil law,mass transit,wage theory,mock epic,high seas,CYO,ICN,IAEA,ILO,irrigation and brainage, counterespionage,higher down payment,fat chance,have kissed the Blarney stone,polar front，中国梦，工作作风，网络推手，韩国泡菜，民族复兴，司法公信力，重庆东站（火车站），轮值主席（国），国际翻译日主题，个人财产申报，克强经济学，成品油定价机制，上海自由贸易区，防空识别区，十八届三中全会首都师范大学英语翻译基础anti semitism反闪族主义,cruise missile巡航导弹,metaphysics形而上学,中庸之道the golden mean，礼乐文化The ritual and music culture,可持续发展sustainable development,可行性...feasibility...湖南师范大学英语翻译基础纱门screen door、鼻孔nostril、GNP国民生产总值、GSP普惠制武汉大学英语翻译基础hard shoulder隔离墩、default fine违约罚金、The China News Service中国新闻社外交学院英语翻译基础CMI国际组织LNG产品名称QFII QDII商业用语WIPO SAARC国际组织IUSSP国际组织,markup pricing,velocity of money,installed system memory,ethnocentrism,lump-of-labor fallacy,just war doctrine,best of five sets领海国书总领事反人类罪外交使团货币导向机制边际消费倾向成本效益分析特命全权大使军备竞赛广东外语外贸大学汉译英十八届三中全会，国家民族事务委员会，中国地震局，玩忽职守，徇私舞弊，以...为抓手，暂行规定，行政问责制，国际会议口译员协会，国际惯例，主管部门，绿化覆盖面积，得寸进尺，一站式服务，西厢记英译汉Baltimore Sun,low-end processing,occupational health and safty,court of first instance,China-EU maritime transport agreement,state council for China US trade,diamond cuts diamond,the catcher in the rye百科解释，银监会，行政许可，独立董事，结汇，核心资本，十八届三中全会，生态文明，中等收入陷阱，改革红利，小康社会，君主立宪制，自由大宪章，明治维新，洋务运动，张之洞，计划经济，事业单位，绩效工资，养老金，去行政化中南大学IMOOAU OECD APEC UNCF ASEAN AFTA中国创业板准备金率养老保险传销土豪上市子公司坚持政府引导，企业主体，市场运作，互利共赢的方针天津大学汉译英：外卖团购官邸制英译汉：ICU，IOC，Pyramid diacause，北京大学英译汉clone,futurology,intercom,virusbuster,backboard,broad jump,cheerleader,penalty kick,box-office,chain smoker,costume ball,DINK,Emmy,Good Friday,population census.汉译英办实事,保持后劲,北京通,秉公办事,长远利益,城市规划,出口税,从善如流,侨务政策,德才兼备,抵押贷款,电子出版业,房地产市场,非法集资,分包商.东北林业大学UFO、SCI、IOU、GNP、NATO、ILO、FDI、total quantity control、吉尼斯世界纪录、公共卫生设施、宏观经济政策、减员增效、关税壁垒、股指、基因工程名词解释：1、央行2、利率3、屈原4、重阳节5、陶渊明6、诗经7、《包法利夫人》8、楚辞9、巴菲特10、比尔盖茨11、股票12、预算13、宏观调控14、投资15、慈善基金会16、南美洲17、苏黎世18、税收制度19、中新网20、海协会21、东海防空识别区22、春秋战国23、资源配置24、经济全球化提高暑假复习效率的三个万能定律一、鲶鱼效应：一个"竞争"的复习环境很久以前，挪威人从深海捕捞的沙丁鱼，总是还没到达海岸都已经口吐白沫。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语语言学及英汉互译考试大纲一、考试要求掌握普通语言学的基本概念、基础理论，并能运用理论进行简单的语言结构分析。

有较扎实的语言功底，较强的英汉书面表达能力，掌握并灵活运用常用英汉翻译技巧。

二、考试内容1、普通语言学的定义及主要分支；2、语言的性质：语言、语言的特征、语言的功能；3、语音学（phonetics）中的基本术语；4、语素、词缀及主要构词法；5、句法结构分析；6、语义关系及语义成分分析；7、言语行为理论和会话涵义理论；8、现代语言学的主要理论和流派；9、英译汉；10、汉译英。

三、题型Section A1、术语解释（20分：10题）2、填空（20分：20题）3、简答（30分：6题）4、详答（20分：1题）Section B1、英译汉（30分：一个约250单词的段落）2、汉译英（30分：一个约250字的段落）四、参考书胡壮麟主编.《语言学教程》（修订版）.北京大学出版社，2002年冯庆华.《实用翻译教程》（第一版）.上海外语教育出版社，2002年五、题型示例及参考答案Section APart I. Define the following terms briefly (20 points, 2 points each).1. Displacement2. MetalanguagePart II. Fill the blanks with proper words (20 points , 1 point each blank).1. By _____ is meant the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.2.____ studies the rules governing the structure , distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.Part III. Answer the following questions briefly(30 points, 4 points each).1.Do you think that onomatopoeia indicates a non-arbitrary relationship between form and meaning？2. To what extent is phonology related to phonetics and how do they differ?Part IV. Give a detailed description of the special features of American structuralism(20 points）. Section BPart I. E-C Translation (30 points)What social morality and social conscience leaves out is the narrower but very significant concept of honor------as opposed to what is sometimes called merely “socially desirable conduct.” The man of honor is not content to ask merely whether this or that will hurt society, or whether it is what most people would permit themselves to do. He asks, and he asks first of all, would it hurt him and his selfrespect? Would it hishonor him personally? It was a favorite and no doubt sound argument among early twentieth-century reformers that “playing the game” as the gentleman was supposed to play it was not enough to make a decent society. They were right: it is not enough. But the time has come to add that it is nevertheless indispensable. I hold that it is indeed inevitable that the so-called social conscience unsupported by the concept of personal honor will create a corrupt society. But suppose that it doesn’t. Suppose that no one except the individual suffers from the fact that he sees nothing wrong in doing what everybody else does. Even so, I still insist thatfor the individual himself nothing is more important than this personal, interior sense of right and wrong and his determination to follow that rather than to be guided by that everybody does or merely the criterion of “social usefulness.”It is impossible for me to imagine a good society composed of men without honor.Part II. C-E Translation (30 points)他在父亲的教导下“发愤用功”，其实他读书还是出于喜好，只似馋嘴佬贪吃美食：食肠很大，不择精粗，甜咸杂进。

英语翻译基础（汉译英）模拟试卷三1.中国将坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，继续加强同发展中国家的团结合作，同它们一道维护发展中国家正当合理的权益。

同时，我们要进一步致力于稳定周边、巩固睦邻友好。

我们还将不断地充实与各个大国已经建立或正在建立的未来关系框架的内涵。

我们将更积极地参与国际事务和各种多边外交活动，坚决反对霸权主义、强权政治，推动在世界上建立公平合理、平等互利的国际政治、经济新秩序。

标准答案China will unswervingly observe the independent and peaceful foreign policy. It will continue to reinforce its solidarity and cooperation with the developing countries in the world and, together with them, to safeguard the just and reasonable rights of the developing countries. At the same time, we will be further committed to stabilizing our peripheral areas and to consolidating the harmonious friendship with our neighboring countries. We will also make continued efforts to enrich the implications of the framework of the future relations that have been established or that are being established with all the major countries of the world. We will take more positive steps to participate in international affairs and in various kinds of multilateral diplomatic activities. China will remain firm in its opposition to hegemonism, power politics and will endeavor to promote the establishment of a new international political and economic order that is fair, reasonable, equal and reciprocally beneficial.2.当今世界正处在历史性大变动之中。

【1】2013年南开大学MTI翻译硕士真题(回忆版)【翻译硕士英语】作文：What Can We Do with a Smartphone?【英语翻译基础】一、英汉互译RCEP，Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution 皇家环境污染委员会a bull market，牛市，价格上涨的市场Russian ruble，俄罗斯卢布anti-dumping，反倾销stock in trade，库存, 存货paid on delivery，货到付款unanimous vote，全票通过carbon footprint，碳足迹recursive function，递归函数provisional agenda，临时议程ready-made garment，成衣United Nation secretariat，联合国秘书处Global Environment Facility，全球环境基金International Refugee Organization，国际难民组织The World Travel and Tourism Council，世界旅行和旅游理事会种族歧视，race discrimination就职演说，inaugural speech和谐共赢，harmonious and win-win文化事业，cultural undertakings全民健身，nationwide fitness programs本地化服务，localization services产能过剩行业，industries with excess capacity放宽市场准入，liberalize market access自主创新能力，capacity for independent innovation载人航天飞行，manned space flight促进生态修复，promote ecological restoration公共卫生体系，public health system科技成果产业化，industrialization of scientific and technological achievements多语言跨文化交际，multi-language cross- cultural communication古为今用，洋为中用make the past serve the present, to make foreign things serve China二、英译汉：As long as there is class division and social inequality, Karl Marx will be the most relevant social thinker of the twenty-one century.……三、汉译英：科学家们花了300年的时间，通过做实验并进行计算，才确定了光在真空中惊人的传播速度：每秒钟186,282英里（约折合299,784公里）。

汉译英Please translate the following into English1 中国和欧洲是两大战略力量，肩负推动全球经济发展、促进人类文明进步、维护世界和平的崇高使命，双方正在形成不断放大的战略交集。

中国是最大的新兴市场国家，欧盟是最大的发达经济体，"最大"与"最大"交融,一切都有可能，"新兴"与"发达"携手，优势就会倍增，中欧在新兴和发达经济体合作中可以成为典范。

China and Europe are two major strategic forces. We both undertake the lofty mission of promoting global economy, advancing human civilization and progress and safeguarding world peace. The two sides are expanding their converging strategic interests. China is the largest emerging market and the EU the largest developed economy. Nothing is impossible when the two "largests" converge. And strength will be multiplied if the "emerging" meets the "developed". China-EU cooperation may serve as a fine example of that between the emerging and developed economies.2近40年的中欧关系，已由一棵小苗长成枝繁叶茂的大树，这棵树上挂满了累累果实。

UNIT11. Recently, one of us had the opportunity to speak with a medical student about a research rotation that the student was planning to do. She would be working with Dr. Z, who had given her the project of writing a paper for which he had designed the protocol, collected the data, and compiled the results. The student was to do a literature search and write the first draft of the manuscript. For this she would become first author on the final publication. When concerns were raised about the proposed project, Dr. Z was shocked. "l thought I was doing her a favor," he said innocently, "and besides, I hate writing!"2. Dr. Z is perhaps a bit naive. Certainly, most researchers would know that the student's work would not merit first authorship. They would know that "gift" authorship is not an acceptable research practice. However, an earlier experience in our work makes us wonder. Several years ago, in conjunction with the grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Pott Secondary Education (FIPSE), a team of philosophers and scientists at Dartmouth College 2 ran a University Seminar series for faculty on the topic "Ethical Issues in scientific Research."At one seminar, a senior researcher (let's call him Professor R) argued a similar position to that of Dr. Z. In this case Professor R knew that "gift" authorship, authorship without a significant research contribution, was an unacceptable research practice. However, he had a reason to give authorship to his student.The student had worked for several years on a project suggested by him and the project had yielded to publishable data. Believing that he had a duty to the student to ensure a publication, Professor R had given the student some data that he himself had collected and told the student to write it up. The student had worked hard, he said, albeit on another project, and the student would do the writing. Thus, he reasoned, the authorship was not a "gift."3. These two stories point up a major reason for encouraging courses in research ethics: Good intentions do not necessarily result in ethical decisions. Both of the faculty members in the above scenarios "meant well." In both cases, the faculty members truly believed that what they were doing was morally acceptable. In the first case, Dr. Z's indefensible error was that he was unaware of the conventions of the field.In particular, he seemed blissfully oblivious to the meaning of first authorship. In the second case, Professor R was do ng what he thought best for the student without taking into consideration that moral. ty is a public system and that his actions with regard to a single student have public consequences for the practice of science as a profession.4. Well-meaning scientists, such as those just mentioned, can, with the best of intentions, make unethical decisions. In some cases, such decisions may lead individuals to become embroiled in cases of 1. 最近，我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。

翻译硕士（MTI）总结汉译英最易翻错的句子01. 有他这颗扫帚星，什么事情都办不成。

[误] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.[正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.注：“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”(comet)的俗称，因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。

在中国古代，“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆，并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事;祸根：(person or thing that is thought to bring)bad luck(to sb/sth);curse。

英语的comet 虽然没有这层含义，但却有一个对应的说法，即jinx。

例：There’s a jinx on/Someone’s put a jinx on this car: it’s always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西，总给我找麻烦”。

02.萝卜青菜，各有所爱。

[误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.[正] Tastes differ.注：Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语，除此以外，原句还可翻译成No dish suits all tastes 或You can never make everyone happy 等。

《新概念英语》第三册第23课的标题是：One man’s meat is another man’s poison，表达的很生动。

总之，应采取意译。

03.他一向嘴硬，从不认错。

[误] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.[正] He never says uncle.注：say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit defeat. Mainly used by boys, as when fighting。

英语翻译硕士李长栓《非文学翻译理论与实践》考研真题英语翻译硕士李长栓《非文学翻译理论与实践》考研真题一、第1章翻译概述Ⅰ. 英译汉1. source language and target language【译文】译出语和译入语2. the oriental and occidental languages【译文】东方语言和西方语言3. bilingualism【译文】双语学4. stylistics【译文】文体学5. semiotics【译文】符号学6. structuralism【译文】结构主义7. constituent analysis【译文】成分分析8. phrase structure analysis【译文】短语结构分析9. semantic field【译文】语义场10. transformational-generative grammar 【译文】转换生成语法11. register【译文】语域12. discourse analysis【译文】篇章分析13. syntactic description【译文】句法描写14. Alexander Fraser Tytler【译文】亚历山大·弗雷泽·泰勒15. Georges Mounin【译文】乔治·穆南16. Feedorov【译文】费道罗夫17. Indu Dharmarakcha【译文】竺法护18. Kumara Jiva【译文】鸠摩罗什19. Paramartha(Gunarata)【译文】真谛/波罗末陀（拘那罗陀）20. Matteo Ricci【译文】利玛窦21. Euclid’s Elements【译文】《几何原本》22. La Dame aux Camelias【译文】《茶花女》23. A History of Politics(by E. Jenks)【译文】《社会通诠》（甄克思著）24. On Liberty(by J. S. Mill)【译文】《群己权界论》（约翰?穆勒著）25. An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations(by A. Smith)【译文】《原富》（亚当?斯密）26. Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays(by T. H. Huxley)【译文】《天演论》（赫胥黎）27. ①idiomatic translation②loan translation③target-text oriented translation studies④mediating language（北航2017研）【译文】①地道翻译②翻译借词③目标文本型翻译研究④中介语言28. descriptive translation study（北航2018研）【译文】描述性翻译研究Ⅱ. 汉译英1. 信达雅【译文】faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance2. “宁顺而不信。

UNIT41. Think for a moment about your own life — the activities of your day, the possessions you enjoy, the surroundings in which you live. Is there anything you don’t have at this moment that you would like to have? Anything that you have, but that you would like more of? If your answer is “no,” then congratulations — either you are well advanced on the path of Zen self-denial, or else you are a close relative of Ted Turner . The rest of us, however, would benefit from an increase in our material standard of living. This simple truth is at the very core of economics. It can be restated this way: we all face the problem of scarcity.2 Almost everything in your daily life is scarce. You would benefit from a larger room or apartment, so you have a scarcity of space. You have only two pairs of shoes and could use a third for hiking; you have a scarcity of shoes. You would love to take a trip to Chicago, but it is difficult for you to find the time or the money to go — trips to Chicago are scarce.3 Because of scarcity, each of us is forced to make choices. We must allocate our scarce time to different activities: work, play, education, sleep, shopping, and more. We must allocate our scarce spending power among different goods and services: food, furniture, movies, long-distance phone calls, and many others.4 Economists study the choices we make as individuals and how those choices shape our economy. For example, the goods that each of us decides to buy ultimately determine which goods business firms will produce. This, in turn, explains which firms and industries will hire new workers and which will lay them off.5. Economists also study the more subtle and indirect effects of individual choice on our society. Will most Americans continue to live in houses, or — like Europeans will most of us end up in apartments? Will we have an educated and well-informed citizenry? Will museums and libraries be forced to close down? Will traffic congestion in our cities continue to worsen, or is there relief in sight? These questions hinge, in large part, on the separate decisions of millions of people. To answer them requires an understanding of how people make choices under conditions of scarcity.6. Think for a moment about the goals of our society. We want a high standard of living for all citizens: clean air, safe streets, and good schools. What is holding us back from accomplishing all of these goals in a way that would satisfy everyone? You probably already know the answer: scarcity. 1. 想一想你的生活：你每天从事的活动，你所拥有的财产，你所居住的环境。

Text：In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate.今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。

这些文凭对每个人都是一样的,没有一点差别，而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。

Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。